CN114634286B - System and method for preparing fecal biochar and flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat - Google Patents
System and method for preparing fecal biochar and flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN114634286B CN114634286B CN202210176260.9A CN202210176260A CN114634286B CN 114634286 B CN114634286 B CN 114634286B CN 202210176260 A CN202210176260 A CN 202210176260A CN 114634286 B CN114634286 B CN 114634286B
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000002550 fecal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 122
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 121
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/8687—Organic components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
- C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
- E03B1/04—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
- E03B1/041—Greywater supply systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
- E03B1/04—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
- E03B1/041—Greywater supply systems
- E03B1/042—Details thereof, e.g. valves or pumps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
- E03D1/00—Water flushing devices with cisterns ; Setting up a range of flushing devices or water-closets; Combinations of several flushing devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/804—UV light
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/26—Reducing the size of particles, liquid droplets or bubbles, e.g. by crushing, grinding, spraying, creation of microbubbles or nanobubbles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
- E03B1/04—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
- E03B1/041—Greywater supply systems
- E03B2001/045—Greywater supply systems using household water
Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for preparing fecal biochar and flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat, belonging to the technical field of environment and resource utilization. The system comprises a manure separation unit, a manure drying pyrolysis unit, a combustion heat supply unit and a urine smoke treatment unit, wherein the manure separation unit is connected with the manure drying pyrolysis unit and the urine smoke treatment unit, the combustion heat supply unit supplies heat for the manure drying pyrolysis unit, and flushing water treated by the urine smoke treatment unit returns to a flushing water tank. The system realizes simple separation of excrement and urine through the pedal type sliding plate separator, the excrement is subjected to drying pyrolysis to obtain excrement biochar, the urine is subjected to excrement biochar adsorption and photocatalytic degradation to generate purified water, the purified water is used for flushing toilets and the like, a conical solar panel with higher light energy utilization rate and auxiliary fuel provide energy for the whole system to operate, a novel flushing toilet mode with self-supply water and self-supply energy is formed, and the system is suitable for excrement treatment and recycling in areas without drainage pipe network and lacking electricity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environment and resource utilization, in particular to a system and a method for preparing fecal biochar and flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat.
Background
The fecal material which is not effectively treated has a high water content, is inconvenient to transport, and cannot be directly applied as fertilizer to crops, and presents potential environmental and health risks. There is increasing interest in how to treat faeces quickly, efficiently and at low cost.
At present, the treatment mode of the excrement in China mainly comprises aerobic composting and anaerobic biogas production, wherein the composting method is easy to produce odor, and the use of the produced fertilizer is greatly influenced by seasons; the biogas production method has complex maintenance and management, high investment cost and difficult treatment of biogas residues and biogas slurry. Meanwhile, the two methods have the problems of long time consumption, large occupied area and the like. On the other hand, the water consumption of the flushing toilet occupies more than one third of the domestic water, and if the use of the water can be reduced or even eliminated, the water resource amount can be quite considerable.
In order to achieve the aim of saving water in the market at present, the water-saving toilet, the ecological toilet and the like are available, and according to investigation, the water-saving toilet also needs 3-5L for one flushing, while the ecological toilet can avoid flushing, the ecological toilet utilizes the growth and propagation activities of microorganisms to biodegrade the available macromolecular organic compounds in the feces, converts the macromolecular organic compounds into biomass of bacteria, and competitively inhibits and kills pathogenic microorganisms in the feces. However, the problem of odor is not thoroughly solved, and the problem of transportation and labor cost is caused by the need of packaging or adding biochemical raw materials periodically.
The invention provides an energy-saving 'water production' toilet system for converting urine into toilet flushing water through the adsorption of excrement biochar and photocatalytic oxidation, which aims to solve the problem of excrement treatment in remote rural areas and sparsely populated areas without a drainage pipe network and power shortage and improve the environmental sanitation condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system and a method for preparing fecal biochar and flushing toilet by using solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat.
The system comprises a fecal and urine separation unit, a fecal drying pyrolysis unit, a combustion heat supply unit and a urine flue gas treatment unit;
wherein the excrement and urine separating unit comprises a pedal slide plate type separator and a urinal;
the excrement drying pyrolysis unit comprises a drying chamber and a pyrolysis chamber;
the combustion heat supply unit comprises a combustion chamber and an air distribution system;
the urine smoke treatment unit comprises a urine temporary storage chamber, a photocatalytic reactor, a conical solar panel and a noncondensable gas absorption tower;
the bottom of the urinal is provided with a pedal slide plate type separator, and the urinal is connected with a toilet flushing water tank;
the lower part of the pedal slide plate type separator is respectively connected with the drying chamber and the urine temporary storage chamber;
the dried materials in the drying chamber enter a pyrolysis chamber, hot flue gas is input into the drying chamber through an air distribution system, waste gas enters a photocatalytic reactor, and the pyrolysis chamber is connected with a combustion chamber and the air distribution system through a three-way valve;
The primary purified water obtained after urine treatment in the urine temporary storage chamber enters the photocatalytic reactor, returns to the toilet flushing water tank after being treated by the photocatalytic reactor, noncondensable gas in the photocatalytic reactor enters the noncondensable gas absorption tower, the photocatalytic reactor is powered by a storage battery, and the storage battery is charged by a conical solar panel.
Wherein the pedal sliding plate type separator comprises a sliding plate, a return spring, a pedal sliding type connecting rod, a pedal plate and a water seepage hole with a filter screen,
the water seepage hole with the filter screen is positioned at the lowest part of the urinal and is vertically arranged, one side of the water seepage hole with the filter screen is a urine outlet, the other side of the water seepage hole with the filter screen is provided with a sliding plate, the sliding plate is connected with a pedal sliding connecting rod through a reset spring, and the pedal sliding connecting rod is connected with a pedal plate on the ground.
The drying chamber comprises a dispersing wheel with sieve holes, a crushing knife, a high-temperature flue gas inlet I, a excrement feeding port, a drying excrement discharging port, a waste gas outlet with a filter screen, a first sensor module, a rotating shaft, a crushing room and a hot air room,
the upper part of the drying chamber is a crushing chamber, the lower part of the drying chamber is a hot air chamber, the drying chamber is separated by a dispersing wheel with sieve holes, the diameter of sieve holes of the dispersing wheel with sieve holes is 5-10mm, and a gap of 5-10mm is reserved between the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying chamber; the inner wall of the drying chamber is provided with a first sensor module for detecting the temperature in the drying chamber; the top of the crushing room is provided with a fecal feeding port, the side surface of the upper part of the crushing room is provided with a waste gas outlet with a filter screen, the center of a dispersing wheel with a sieve hole is connected with a rotating shaft, and crushing cutters are uniformly arranged on the dispersing wheel with the sieve hole; the hot air room is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet I, and the bottom of the hot air room is provided with a desiccated excrement discharge port.
The pyrolysis chamber comprises a desiccated excrement feed inlet, an excrement biochar discharge outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet, a heat exchange device flue gas inlet, a heat exchange device flue gas outlet and a second sensor module,
the top of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a desiccation excrement feeding port and a pyrolysis gas outlet, the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a excrement biochar discharging port, the inside of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a heat exchange device, the lower part of the heat exchange device is provided with a heat exchange device flue gas inlet, the upper part of the heat exchange device is provided with a heat exchange device flue gas outlet, and the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a second sensor module for detecting the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber. The heat exchange device can be a tubular heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger or a heating interlayer.
The drying mode can also adopt a heat pump low-temperature drying mode, namely the drying chamber realizes low-temperature drying by connecting a heat pump chamber, the heat pump chamber comprises a high-temperature flue gas inlet II, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a wet and cold air inlet, a dry and hot air outlet, a flue gas heat exchanger, a condensed water outlet, a circulating air pipeline and a heat pump, and the heat pump consists of a fin type evaporator, a compressor, a fin type condenser, a throttle valve and a working medium pipeline;
high-temperature flue gas from the outlet of the pyrolysis chamber heat exchange device enters the heat pump chamber through the high-temperature flue gas inlet II, is discharged from the low-temperature flue gas outlet after passing through the flue gas heat exchanger, and flows to the photocatalytic reactor;
The wet and cold air in the drying chamber enters a circulating air pipeline of the heat pump chamber through a wet and cold air inlet, exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas entering in the high-temperature flue gas inlet II in the flue gas heat exchanger, sequentially passes through the fin type evaporator and the fin type condenser along the circulating air pipeline, and then is sent to the drying chamber through a dry and hot air outlet;
the medium in the heat pump enters the fin type condenser after passing through the compressor along the working medium pipeline, and then enters the fin type evaporator after passing through the throttle valve.
The urine temporary storage chamber is internally provided with a stirrer, the bottom of the urine temporary storage chamber is a fecal biochar storage chamber, and the upper part of the urine temporary storage chamber is provided with a urine inlet and a primary purified water outlet.
The photocatalysis reactor comprises an ultraviolet lamp tube, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder,
the upper part of the photocatalytic reactor is provided with a toilet flushing water outlet, one side of the bottom is provided with a primary water purifying inlet, the side surface of the bottom is provided with an exhaust gas inlet, the center of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor is provided with a non-condensable gas outlet, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder are sleeved in the photocatalytic reactor, the upper end of the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder is connected with the top end of the photocatalytic reactor, the lower end of the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder is connected with the bottom end of the photocatalytic reactor, and an ultraviolet lamp tube is arranged between the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder; the ultraviolet lamp tube is connected with the storage battery through a lead.
Further, the upper end of the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder is connected with the top end of the photocatalytic reactor, the lower end of the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder is connected with the bottom end of the photocatalytic reactor, and the number of ultraviolet lamp tubes is 4-8.
The application method of the system comprises three processes of excrement and urine separation, excrement drying pyrolysis and urine smoke treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
separation of feces and urine: after the toilet is used, urine quickly flows into the urine temporary storage chamber through the water seepage hole with the filter screen at the lowest position of the urinal, the filter screen at the water seepage hole with the filter screen blocks formed excrement, and the excrement falls on the sliding plate; pushing a pedal plate positioned in front of the urinal by feet, driving a lower foot pedal sliding type connecting rod and a sliding plate at the tail end of the foot pedal sliding type connecting rod to move away, enabling excrement to fall into a crushing room of a drying chamber from the sliding plate, pressing a button on a flushing water tank, and enabling water in the water tank to enter a urine temporary storage chamber after flushing the urinal;
drying and pyrolyzing the feces: the high-temperature flue gas is regulated to a proper temperature by an air distribution system, then is input into a crushing room of a drying room through a high-temperature flue gas inlet I, a dispersing wheel with sieve holes and a gap between the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying room, vortex is formed between the crushing room, large-block excrement entering the crushing room is sent to a crushing cutter to be repeatedly crushed, crushed and preliminarily dried small-particle-size excrement falls into a hot air room from sieve holes of the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the gap between the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying room, and enters a pyrolysis room from a drying excrement discharge port after being sufficiently dried, and the crushed excrement is discharged through biological charcoal after pyrolysis; the pyrolysis gas enters a combustion chamber to be mixed and combusted with air or auxiliary fuel, and the combusted flue gas is introduced into a heat exchange device for pyrolysis to provide heat for pyrolysis reaction; the flue gas is cooled and then is sent to a drying chamber after the temperature is regulated by an air distribution system, so as to provide heat for drying; the flue gas after the completion of the excrement drying, together with organic matters and water vapor volatilized in the drying process, is discharged into a photocatalytic reactor through a waste gas outlet with a filter screen;
The first sensor module and the second sensor module respectively detect the temperature of the drying chamber and the pyrolysis chamber, and control the air distribution system, the three-way valve and the air pump to adjust the amount of smoke flowing in the drying chamber and the heat exchange device according to the requirement, so as to realize the temperature regulation and control of the drying chamber and the pyrolysis chamber and the cascade utilization of the smoke waste heat;
and (3) urine smoke treatment: after nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in urine are adsorbed by the fecal biochar in the urine temporary storage chamber, primary purified water is obtained, the primary purified water is pumped to a photocatalytic reactor by a water pump, and after photocatalytic degradation reaction occurs under the action of an ultraviolet lamp tube and a photocatalyst coating, the water becomes sterile and nontoxic purified water which is pressed into a toilet flushing water tank by the water pump for later use;
the waste gas entering the photocatalytic reactor passes through a baffling channel formed by the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder from outside to inside, is fully absorbed and condensed by primary purified water, and the residual non-condensable gas is introduced into a non-condensable gas adsorption tower filled with fecal biochar for purification and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
Wherein the temperature of the flue gas directly heat-dries the excrement is 150-200 ℃, and the dried excrement is subjected to low-temperature pyrolysis at the pyrolysis temperature lower than 550 ℃ so as to generate solid excrement biochar with stronger adsorption capacity as a main component; further, the pyrolysis conditions are: the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the pyrolysis temperature is 300-550 ℃ and the pyrolysis time is 40-80min.
Periodically discharging the excrement biochar generated by pyrolysis from a lower discharge port to serve as an adsorbent for urine and noncondensable gas; the gas generated by pyrolysis enters the combustion chamber through the pyrolysis gas outlet for combustion.
The pyrolysis gas and auxiliary fuel generated in the pyrolysis chamber are ignited and combusted in the combustion chamber through the ignition device, the generated high-temperature flue gas flows in from a flue gas inlet at the lower end of the heat exchange device and flows out from a flue gas outlet at the upper end of the heat exchange device, and after heating and heat preservation of the pyrolysis chamber are completed, the flue gas flows into the drying chamber to directly dry excrement;
the auxiliary fuel is saturated biochar after adsorbing non-condensable gas.
The excrement drying process can cool and dehumidify the wet air from the drying chamber through a refrigerating system of the heat pump, so that combustion heating of auxiliary fuel is omitted;
the high-temperature flue gas flows out from the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber heat exchange device and enters a flue gas heat exchanger of the heat pump chamber, exchanges heat with wet and cold air from the lower end of the drying chamber in the circulating air pipeline, and is absorbed by low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant in the heat pump working medium pipeline to be cooled when flowing through the heat pump evaporator after being changed into wet and hot air, is condensed into dry and cold air, and discharges most of condensed water; the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant is changed into a high-temperature low-pressure refrigerant, and then the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant is obtained through compression of a compressor; when the dehumidified and cooled dry and cold air flows through the heat pump condenser, the dehumidified and cooled dry and cold air is heated by the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the heat pump working medium pipeline to be dry and hot air, and the dry and hot air returns to the drying chamber to continuously dry the excrement. The low-temperature high-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the condenser is depressurized through the throttle valve and then is recovered to be low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant, and the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant flows into the evaporator to continue the next cycle; the air pump enables air to circularly flow in the circulating air pipe according to a certain direction, so that the air is subjected to closed circulation between the drying chamber and the heat pump, and the processes of cooling, heating and drying are repeated continuously;
The temperature of the dry hot air for drying the excrement is 70-90 ℃; when the wet and cold air is condensed, a large amount of latent heat is released to be absorbed by the refrigerant, and the waste heat recovery effect is achieved.
The flushing mode of the system is the same as that of a normal toilet, a button on a flushing water tank is pressed, flushing water flows into a urine temporary storage chamber through a water seepage hole with a filter screen at the lowest part of a urinal, and the flushing water can be recycled after being adsorbed and purified by fecal biochar; after the water in the toilet flushing water tank reaches a certain water level, the water can be taken out for greening, irrigation and the like; the excrement biochar adsorbed and saturated in the urine temporary storage chamber can be taken out to be used as a slow release fertilizer with rich nitrogen and phosphorus contents.
The conical solar panel in the system has higher light energy utilization rate, and not only supplies power to the ultraviolet lamp tube, but also supplies power to the stirrer, the rotating shaft, the air pump, the water pump, the heat pump and the like in the system.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The simple separation of excrement and urine is realized by utilizing the pedal type sliding plate separator, excrement pyrolysis biochar is adopted to adsorb urine, photocatalysis disinfection and purification are carried out to produce water and flush toilet, pyrolysis gas combustion waste heat is used for drying pyrolysis of excrement, solar energy and storage batteries are used for electric energy of ultraviolet lamp tubes, air pumps, water pumps, mixers and the like, a novel mode of flushing toilet with self-supply water and self-supply energy is formed, and the device is particularly suitable for excrement treatment and recycling in remote areas without drainage pipe network and lacking in electricity, tourist attractions and the like.
(2) The large feces are repeatedly sent to the crushing knife to be crushed by utilizing the high-speed rotation of the dispersing wheel with the sieve holes and the vortex formed by the drying hot air, so that the formed vortex also ensures that the dispersibility of the materials is good, the drying efficiency is high, and the condition that the materials are attached to the inner wall of the drying chamber can be avoided; the crushed and primarily dried small-particle-size feces fall into the hot air room through the sieve holes on the dispersing wheel and the gap between the dispersing wheel and the inner wall of the drying chamber to be further dried, so that the feces crushing and drying integration is realized.
(3) The invention adopts low-temperature pyrolysis of the feces below 550 ℃, at this time, the product is mainly solid feces biochar, and under the condition of low temperature rising speed, the retention time of volatile gas in a pyrolysis chamber is longer, and gaseous components and the solid have secondary reactions, thus strengthening the production process of the feces, greatly reducing the smoke yield compared with the smoke yield produced by direct combustion after the same amount of feces are dried, and further leading NOx and SO to be produced 2 The emission of atmospheric pollutants is greatly reduced; the obtained fecal biochar can also adsorb substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in urine, and can be taken out to be used as a slow release fertilizer with rich nitrogen and phosphorus content after adsorption saturation.
(4) The waste gas (flue gas/water vapor, etc.) from the drying chamber and the primary purified water from the urine temporary storage chamber are mixed in the photocatalysis reactor, the waste gas is absorbed and condensed by the primary purified water, and the residual NH in the primary purified water 4 + CO dissolved in water with exhaust gas 3 2- 、HCO 3 - 、NO 3 - And SO 4 2- Formation (NH) 4 ) 2 CO 3 、NH 4 HCO 3 、 NH 4 NO 3 And NH 4 SO 4 And the liquid fertilizer components and other organic pollutants are effectively removed under the ultraviolet light intensity and the photocatalysis effect of the photocatalyst coating. The photocatalytic reactor forms a baffling channel of the waste gas through the inner and outer cylinders of the photocatalytic coating, and compared with a non-baffling reactor, the waste gas has long residence time in the photocatalytic reactor and is fully absorbed by primary purified water, and the waste gas with waste heat is helpful for killing bacteria and viruses remained in the primary purified water. In addition, the photocatalysis reaction can eliminate waste gas condensate water and residual odor substances and other pollutants in the primary purified water, and the treated waste gas condensate water and residual odor substances and other pollutants in the primary purified water "The purified water can be recycled for flushing toilet, greening, irrigation and the like, and tap water or natural water is not required to be introduced for flushing toilet, so that water resources are greatly saved, and the cooperative treatment of waste gas and urine is realized.
(5) Compared with the conventional pyrolysis system, the heat utilization efficiency of the invention is greatly improved: pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis chamber is directly pumped to the combustion chamber for combustion without cooling, so that tar byproducts are avoided; the non-condensable gas-adsorbed saturated excrement biochar has a certain heat value, can be used as auxiliary fuel of a combustion chamber, and the combustion flue gas supplies heat for a pyrolysis chamber through a heat exchange device, and the flue gas after heat exchange enters a drying chamber to directly supply hot air for drying excrement, so that cascade utilization of high-temperature flue gas is realized.
(6) When pyrolysis flue gas is utilized to directly heat and dry excrement, the required energy consumption is larger than the energy released by combustion of pyrolysis gas, and auxiliary fuel combustion heat supply is needed to be supplemented, but when a heat pump is adopted for low-temperature drying, a large amount of energy consumption can be saved, and the auxiliary fuel combustion heat supply can be replaced. The heat pump dehumidification drying is different from the traditional hot air drying in the air circulation mode, and the drying chamber is also different in air dehumidification mode, so that the cooling and dehumidification of the wet air from the drying chamber are realized by utilizing a refrigerating system of the heat pump, a large amount of latent heat released during moisture condensation in the excrement drying process and heat released during cooling of the circulating air can be recovered, waste heat recovery is realized, and the energy consumption is reduced by more than 70% compared with that of the direct heat drying of common flue gas; meanwhile, most of water in the excrement is condensed, so that the production amount of waste gas is further reduced by more than 80% compared with direct heat drying.
(7) Compared with the biological method for treating the excrement, such as aerobic composting, the device has the advantages of small occupied area, high treatment speed, high efficiency and simple operation, can convert the excrement into biochar fertilizer, toilet flushing water and greening irrigation water, and realizes harmless and recycling of the excrement and zero emission of pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for preparing excrement charcoal and producing water for flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feces-urine separation unit of the feces-biochar and water-producing toilet flushing system prepared by solar energy collaborative pyrolysis waste heat;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a drying chamber of the system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water for flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pyrolysis chamber structure of a system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water for flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy collaborative pyrolysis waste heat;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a photocatalytic purification chamber of the system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water for flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a photocatalytic purification chamber of the system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water for flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump chamber structure of a system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water for flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a fecal drying unit utilizing heat pump and solar energy for a fecal biochar and a water-producing toilet flushing system prepared by solar energy collaborative pyrolysis waste heat;
fig. 9 is a process flow diagram of an application method of the system for preparing excrement biochar and producing water and flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat.
Wherein: 1-pedal slide plate type separator, 101-slide plate, 102-reset spring, 103-pedal slide type connecting rod, 104-pedal plate, 105-water seepage hole with filter screen and 106-urinal;
2-drying chamber, 201-sieve hole dispersion wheel, 202-crushing knife, 203-high temperature flue gas inlet I, 204-excrement feed inlet, 205-drying excrement discharge outlet, 206-sieve waste gas outlet, 207-first sensor module, 208-rotating shaft, 209-crushing chamber, 210-hot air chamber and 211-dry hot air inlet;
the device comprises a 3-pyrolysis chamber, a 301-desiccated stool feeding port, a 302-stool biochar discharging port, a 303-pyrolysis gas outlet, a 304-heat exchange device, a 305-heat exchange device flue gas inlet, a 306-heat exchange device flue gas outlet and a 307-second sensor module;
4-a urine temporary storage chamber; 5-a stirrer; 6-a fecal biochar reservoir;
7-photocatalytic reactor, 701-ultraviolet lamp tube, 702-photocatalyst coating outer cylinder, 703-photocatalyst coating inner cylinder; 801-conical solar panel, 802-storage battery and 803-lead; 901-urine inlet, 902-primary purified water outlet; 10-primary clean water inlet; 11-a toilet flushing water outlet;
12-a water pump; 13-flushing a toilet water tank;
14-a combustion chamber; 15-an ignition device; 16-three-way valve; 17-an air pump;
18-an exhaust gas inlet; 19-a noncondensable gas outlet; 20-a noncondensable gas adsorption tower; 21-an air distribution system;
22-heat pump chamber, 221-high temperature flue gas inlet II, 222-low temperature flue gas outlet, 223-wet cool air inlet, 224-dry hot air outlet, 225-flue gas heat exchanger, 226-condensed water outlet, 227-fin evaporator, 228-compressor, 229-fin condenser, 230-throttle valve, 231-circulating air pipeline, 232-working medium pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved more apparent, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a system and a method for preparing fecal biochar and flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat.
As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a manure separation unit, a manure drying pyrolysis unit, a combustion heat supply unit and a urine flue gas treatment unit;
wherein the manure separation unit comprises a pedal-slide type separator 1 and a urinal 106;
the excrement drying pyrolysis unit comprises a drying chamber 2 and a pyrolysis chamber 3;
the combustion heating unit comprises a combustion chamber 14 and an air distribution system 21;
the urine smoke treatment unit comprises a urine temporary storage chamber 4, a photocatalytic reactor 7, a conical solar panel 801 and a noncondensable gas absorption tower 20;
the bottom of the urinal 106 is provided with a pedal sliding plate type separator 1, and the urinal 106 is connected with a toilet flushing water tank 13;
The lower part of the pedal slide plate type separator 1 is respectively connected with a drying chamber 2 and a urine temporary storage chamber 4;
the dried materials in the drying chamber 2 enter the pyrolysis chamber 3, the drying chamber 2 inputs hot flue gas through the air distribution system 21, the waste gas enters the photocatalytic reactor 7, and the pyrolysis chamber 3 is connected with the combustion chamber 14 and the air distribution system 21 through the three-way valve 16;
the primary purified water obtained after urine treatment in the urine temporary storage chamber 4 enters the photocatalytic reactor 7, returns to the toilet flushing water tank 13 after being treated by the photocatalytic reactor 7, noncondensable gas in the photocatalytic reactor 7 enters the noncondensable gas absorption tower 20, the photocatalytic reactor 7 is powered by the storage battery 802, and the storage battery 802 is charged by the conical solar panel 801.
As shown in fig. 2, the pedal-slide separator 1 includes a slide plate 101, a return spring 102, a pedal-slide link 103, a pedal plate 104 and a water seepage hole 105 with a filter screen,
the water seepage hole 105 with the filter screen is positioned at the lowest part of the urinal 106 and is vertically arranged, one side of the water seepage hole 105 with the filter screen is a urine outlet, the other side of the water seepage hole with the filter screen is provided with the sliding plate 101, the sliding plate 101 is connected with the pedal sliding type connecting rod 103 through the return spring 102, and the pedal sliding type connecting rod 103 is connected with the pedal 104 on the ground.
As shown in fig. 3, the drying chamber 2 comprises a dispersing wheel 201 with sieve holes, a crushing cutter 202, a high-temperature flue gas inlet I203, a excrement feeding port 204, a dried excrement discharging port 205, a waste gas outlet 206 with a sieve, a first sensor module 207, a rotating shaft 208, a crushing room 209 and a hot air room 210,
The upper part of the drying chamber 2 is a crushing room 209, the lower part is a hot air room 210, the hot air room is separated by a sieve hole dispersion wheel 201, the sieve hole diameter of the sieve hole dispersion wheel 201 is 5-10mm, and a gap of 5-10mm is reserved between the sieve hole dispersion wheel 201 and the inner wall of the drying chamber 2; a first sensor module 207 is arranged on the inner wall of the drying chamber 2 and is used for detecting the temperature in the drying chamber 2; the top of the crushing room 209 is provided with a fecal feeding port 204, the side surface of the upper part of the crushing room 209 is provided with a waste gas outlet 206 with a filter screen, the center of the dispersing wheel 201 with the sieve holes is connected with a rotating shaft 208, and crushing cutters 202 are uniformly arranged on the dispersing wheel 201 with the sieve holes; the hot air room 210 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet I203, and the bottom of the hot air room 210 is provided with a desiccated excrement discharge port 205.
As shown in fig. 4, the pyrolysis chamber 3 comprises a dried manure feed inlet 301, a manure biochar discharge outlet 302, a pyrolysis gas outlet 303, a heat exchange device 304, a heat exchange device flue gas inlet 305, a heat exchange device flue gas outlet 306 and a second sensor module 307,
the top of the pyrolysis chamber 3 is provided with a desiccation excrement feeding port 301 and a pyrolysis gas outlet 303, the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a excrement biochar discharging port 302, a heat exchange device 304 is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber 3, the lower part of the heat exchange device 304 is provided with a heat exchange device flue gas inlet 305, the upper part of the heat exchange device 304 is provided with a heat exchange device flue gas outlet 306, and the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 3 is provided with a second sensor module 307 for detecting the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 3.
The urine temporary storage chamber 4 is internally provided with a stirrer 5, the bottom of the urine temporary storage chamber 4 is provided with a fecal biochar storage chamber 6, and the upper part of the urine temporary storage chamber 4 is provided with a urine inlet 901 and a primary purified water outlet 902.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the photocatalytic reactor 7 includes an ultraviolet lamp 701, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder 702 and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder 703,
the upper part of the photocatalytic reactor 7 is provided with a toilet water outlet 11, one side of the bottom is provided with a primary water purification inlet 10, the side surface of the bottom is provided with an exhaust gas inlet 18, the center of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor 7 is provided with a non-condensable gas outlet 19, the photocatalytic reactor 7 is internally sleeved with a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder 702 and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder 703, and an ultraviolet lamp tube 701 is arranged between the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder 702 and the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder 703; ultraviolet lamp 701 is connected to battery 802 via wire 803.
The upper end of the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder 702 is connected with the top end of the photocatalytic reactor 7, the lower end of the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder 703 is connected with the bottom end of the photocatalytic reactor 7, and the number of ultraviolet lamp tubes is 4-8.
The application method of the system comprises three processes of excrement and urine separation, excrement drying pyrolysis and urine smoke treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
separation of feces and urine: after the toilet is used, urine quickly flows into the urine temporary storage chamber 4 through the water seepage hole 105 with the filter screen positioned at the lowest part of the urinal 106, the filter screen positioned at the water seepage hole 105 with the filter screen blocks formed excrement, and the excrement falls on the sliding plate 101; pushing a pedal plate 104 positioned in front of a urinal 106 by feet, driving a lower foot pedal sliding type connecting rod 103 and a sliding plate 101 at the tail end of the foot pedal sliding type connecting rod 103 to move away, enabling excrement to fall from the sliding plate 101 to a crushing chamber 209 of a drying chamber 2, pushing a button on a toilet flushing water tank 13, flushing the urinal 106 by water in the water tank, and then entering a urine temporary storage chamber 4;
Drying and pyrolyzing the feces: the high-temperature flue gas is regulated to a proper temperature by an air distribution system 21, then is input into a crushing room 209 of a drying chamber through a high-temperature flue gas inlet I203, a sieve hole dispersion wheel 201 and a gap between the sieve hole dispersion wheel 201 and the inner wall of the drying chamber 2, vortex is formed in the crushing room, large-block feces entering the crushing room are sent to a crushing cutter 202 to be repeatedly crushed, crushed and preliminarily dried small-particle-size feces fall into a hot air room 210 from sieve holes of the sieve hole dispersion wheel 201 and a gap between the sieve hole dispersion wheel and the inner wall of the drying chamber, fully dried and then enter a pyrolysis chamber 3 from a dried feces discharge hole 205, and the crushed and preliminarily dried small-particle-size feces are discharged through biological charcoal after pyrolysis; the pyrolysis gas enters the combustion chamber 14 to be mixed and combusted with air or auxiliary fuel, and the combusted flue gas is introduced into the heat exchange device 304 of the pyrolysis chamber 3 to provide heat for pyrolysis reaction; the flue gas is cooled and then is sent to the drying chamber 2 after the temperature is regulated by the air distribution system 21, so as to provide heat for drying; the flue gas after the completion of the excrement drying, together with organic matters and water vapor volatilized in the drying process, is discharged into the photocatalytic reactor 7 through the waste gas outlet 206 with the filter screen;
and (3) urine smoke treatment: after nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in urine are adsorbed by the fecal biochar in the urine temporary storage chamber 4, primary purified water is obtained, the primary purified water is pumped to the photocatalytic reactor 7 by a water pump, and is subjected to photocatalytic degradation reaction under the action of the ultraviolet lamp tube 701 and the photocatalyst coating to become sterile and nontoxic purified water, and the sterile and nontoxic purified water is pressed into a toilet flushing water tank 13 by the water pump 12 for later use;
The waste gas entering the photocatalytic reactor 7 passes through a baffling channel formed by the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder 702 and the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder 703 from outside to inside, is fully absorbed and condensed by primary purified water, and the residual non-condensable gas is introduced into a non-condensable gas adsorption tower 20 filled with fecal biochar for purification and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
The pyrolysis gas and auxiliary fuel generated in the pyrolysis chamber are ignited and combusted in the combustion chamber through the ignition device 15, the generated high-temperature flue gas flows in from the flue gas inlet 305 of the heat exchange device at the lower end of the heat exchange device and flows out from the flue gas outlet 306 of the heat exchange device at the upper end of the heat exchange device, and after the pyrolysis chamber 3 is heated and insulated, the high-temperature flue gas flows into the drying chamber 2 to directly heat-dry the excrement;
the auxiliary fuel is saturated biochar or the like after adsorbing non-condensable gas.
The excrement drying process can cool and dehumidify the wet air from the drying chamber 2 through the refrigerating system of the heat pump, so that the combustion heating of auxiliary fuel is omitted;
as shown in fig. 7, the heat pump chamber 22 includes a high temperature flue gas ii inlet 221, a low temperature flue gas outlet 222, a wet cool air inlet 223, a dry hot air outlet 224, a flue gas heat exchanger 225, a condensed water outlet 226, a circulating air pipe 231, and a heat pump consisting of a fin type evaporator 227, a compressor 228, a fin type condenser 229, a throttle valve 230, and a working medium pipe 232;
As shown in fig. 8, the high-temperature flue gas from the outlet 304 of the heat exchange device of the pyrolysis chamber 3 enters the heat pump chamber 3 through the high-temperature flue gas inlet ii 221, is discharged from the low-temperature flue gas outlet 222 after passing through the flue gas heat exchanger 225, and flows to the photocatalytic reactor 7;
the wet and cold air in the drying chamber 2 enters a circulating air pipeline 231 of the heat pump chamber through a wet and cold air inlet 223 by an air pump 17, exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas entering from a high-temperature flue gas inlet II in a flue gas heat exchanger 225, sequentially passes through a fin evaporator 227 and a fin condenser 229 along the circulating air pipeline 231, and then is sent to a dry and hot air inlet 211 of the drying chamber 2 through a dry and hot air outlet 224;
the heat pump medium passes through the working medium pipe 232, the compressor 228, the fin condenser 229, the throttle valve 230 and the fin evaporator 227.
In practical application, the high-temperature flue gas flows out from the upper end of the heat exchange device 304 of the pyrolysis chamber 3 and then enters the heat pump chamber 22 to exchange heat with the wet and cold air from the lower end of the drying chamber 2 in the circulating air pipeline 231, and after the wet and cold air is changed into wet and hot air, the wet and cold air is absorbed by the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant in the heat pump working medium pipeline 232 to be cooled and condensed into dry and cold air when flowing through the heat pump fin type evaporator 227, and most of condensed water is discharged; the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant is changed from liquid state into high-temperature low-pressure refrigerant due to heat absorption, and then is compressed by the compressor 228 to obtain high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant; when the dehumidified and cooled dry and cold air flows through the heat pump fin type condenser 229, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the heat pump working medium pipeline 232 is heated to become dry and hot air, and the dry and hot air returns to the drying chamber 2 to continuously dry the excrement. The low-temperature high-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the fin condenser 229 is depressurized through the throttle valve 230 and then returns to the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant to flow into the fin evaporator 227 to continue the next cycle; the air pump 17 circulates air in the circulating air pipe 231 in a certain direction, so that the air is circulated in a closed mode between the drying chamber 2 and the heat pump, and the processes of cooling, heating and drying are repeated continuously.
The temperature of the dry hot air for drying the excrement is 70-90 ℃; when the damp and hot air is condensed, a large amount of latent heat is released to be absorbed by the refrigerant, and the effect of waste heat recovery is achieved.
The following description is made in connection with the specific implementation.
Example 1
The method for preparing the excrement biochar and flushing the toilet by using the waste heat of the solar energy collaborative pyrolysis mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) 300kg of feces with water content of 70% falls into the drying chamber 2 from the feces feed inlet 204, and is dried to water content of 10% under the action of flue gas waste heat at 150 ℃; organic matters and water vapor volatilized in the drying process are introduced into the photocatalytic reactor 7 along with the flue gas through the exhaust gas inlet 18, and are cooled to become liquid water.
(2) The dried feces enters a pyrolysis chamber 3 through a dried feces discharge hole 205, and 33.1kg of feces biochar is obtained after pyrolysis at a pyrolysis rate of 15 ℃/min and a pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃ for 60min, wherein the biochar yield is 36.74% (dry weight basis), and the calorific value is about 12.4MJ/kg;
the energy consumption 701MJ in the flue gas direct heat drying-pyrolysis process, while the energy supply 415MJ by pyrolysis gas combustion, and the energy shortage is needed to be supplemented by 23.1kg of fecal biochar (auxiliary fuel) combustion;
the main gas CO generated by pyrolysis 2 、H 2 、CO、CH 4 The yields were 9.2mol/kg, 8.1mol/kg, 3.8mol/kg and 5.9mol/kg, respectively, and 482Nm of the combustion flue gas amounts of the drying exhaust gas and the pyrolysis gas were each determined 3 Supplementary aidThe amount of smoke produced by the combustion of the fuel was 51.6Nm 3 ；
(3) The excrement biochar is placed into a urine temporary storage chamber 4 to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in urine, the absorbed upper urine is converted into primary purified water, the primary purified water enters a photocatalytic reactor 7 for further treatment and disinfection through a primary purified water inlet 10 and is then converted into purified water, the purified water is pumped into a toilet flushing water tank 13 through a water pump 12, and the purified water can be used for flushing a toilet by pressing a button; when the toilet flushing water is excessive, water for greening and irrigation can be extracted. The smoke and the organic matters and water vapor volatilized in the drying process also enter the photocatalytic reactor 7 through the waste gas inlet 18, and the waste gas is dissolved in CO in water 3 2- 、HCO 3 - 、NO 3 - And SO 4 2- Formation (NH) 4 ) 2 CO 3 、NH 4 HCO 3 、NH 4 NO 3 And NH 4 SO 4 And (3) liquid fertilizer components are removed effectively under the photocatalysis of ultraviolet light intensity and photocatalyst coating, and residual non-condensable gas can be adsorbed and purified by charcoal prepared by pyrolysis and then discharged.
Example 2
The method for preparing the excrement biochar and flushing the toilet by using the waste heat of the solar energy collaborative pyrolysis mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) 300kg of excrement with water content of 70% falls into the drying chamber 2 from the excrement feed inlet 204, and a heat pump refrigerating system is adopted to cool and dehumidify the wet air from the drying chamber 2, so that the combustion heating of auxiliary fuel is omitted; the refrigerant in the working medium pipe 232 repeats the state change of the low-temperature low-pressure liquid state- & gt high-temperature low-pressure gas state (evaporator 227) & gt high-temperature high-pressure gas state (compressor 228) & gt low-temperature high-pressure liquid state (fin condenser 229) & gt low-temperature low-pressure liquid state (throttle valve 230); the air in the circulating air pipe 231 repeats the processes of wet cold air (flowing in from the wet cold air inlet 223), wet hot air (flue gas heat exchanger 225), dry cold air (fin type evaporator 227), dry hot air (fin type condenser 229) and flowing from the dry hot air outlet 224 to the drying chamber, so that the air is subjected to closed circulation between the drying chamber 2 and the heat pump, and is continuously cooled, heated and dried, and finally the moisture content of the excrement is reduced to 10% of the moisture content; the temperature of the dry hot air used for drying the excrement is 90 ℃;
(2) The dried material enters a pyrolysis chamber 3 through a dried excrement discharge port 205, and is pyrolyzed for 60 minutes at a pyrolysis rate of 15 ℃/min and a pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃, so that 33.1kg of excrement biochar is obtained, the biochar yield is 36.7% (dry weight basis), and the calorific value is about 12.4MJ/kg; the high temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas maintains the pyrolysis temperature and heats the air of the heat pump chamber circulation air duct 231 through the flue gas heat exchanger 225.
Because the heat carried by the moisture in the excrement drying process is recycled and utilized by the heat pump refrigerant, the heat pump low-temperature drying-pyrolysis process consumes 199MJ, and the pyrolysis gas burns to supply 415MJ, so that the heat supply meets the energy consumption requirement, and auxiliary fuel is not needed to supplement the heat supply; compared with direct heat drying of flue gas, the energy consumption is reduced by 71.6%, and the heat pump recovers 44.3MJ.
Since the exhaust gas generated in the drying process is condensed by the heat pump, only the pyrolysis gas burns to generate 233Nm of smoke 3 Compared with the flue gas direct heat drying mode in the embodiment 1, the method is reduced by 56.4 percent;
(3) Condensed water and low-temperature flue gas generated in the heat pump chamber flow into the photocatalytic reactor 7 from the condensed water outlet 226 and the low-temperature flue gas outlet 222, respectively, in the same manner as in the photocatalytic treatment of embodiment 1; urine was treated in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
The method for preparing the excrement biochar and flushing the toilet by using the waste heat of the solar energy collaborative pyrolysis mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) The drying process of 300kg of feces having a water content of 70% was the same as in example 1.
(2) The dried feces enters a pyrolysis chamber 3 through a dried feces discharge hole 205, and after pyrolysis is carried out for 60min at a pyrolysis rate of 10 ℃/min and a pyrolysis temperature of 350 ℃, 51.8kg of feces biochar is obtained, the biochar yield is 57.50% (dry weight basis), and the calorific value is about 12.4MJ/kg;
the flue gas directly carries out heat drying-pyrolysis process to consume 690MJ, while pyrolysis gas burns to supply 378MJ, and the energy is not enough to burn 25.2kg of fecal biochar (auxiliary fuel) for supplementing; combustion of desiccated waste gas and pyrolysis gasThe sum of the smoke amounts was 461Nm 3 The amount of smoke produced by the combustion of the supplementary auxiliary fuel was 56.4Nm 3 ；
(3) The flue gas and volatile organic matters and water vapor in the drying process enter the photocatalytic reactor 7 through the exhaust gas inlet 18, and the photocatalytic treatment mode is the same as that of the embodiment 1; urine was treated in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
The method for preparing the excrement biochar and flushing the toilet by using the waste heat of the solar energy collaborative pyrolysis mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) The drying process of 300kg of feces with water content of 70% is the same as that of example 2;
(2) The dried material enters a pyrolysis chamber 3 through a dried excrement discharge port 205, and 51.8kg of excrement biochar is obtained after pyrolysis at a pyrolysis rate of 10 ℃/min and a pyrolysis temperature of 350 ℃ for 60min, wherein the biochar yield is 57.50% (dry weight basis) and the heat value is about 12.4MJ/kg; the high temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas maintains the pyrolysis temperature and heats the wet cool air of the heat pump chamber cycle air duct 231 through the flue gas heat exchanger 225.
Because the heat carried by the moisture in the excrement drying process is recovered by the heat pump refrigerant, the heat pump low-temperature drying-pyrolysis process consumes 152MJ, and the pyrolysis gas burns to supply energy 378MJ, the heat supply meets the energy consumption requirement, and auxiliary fuel is not needed to supplement the heat supply; compared with direct heat drying of flue gas, the energy consumption is reduced by 78.0%, and the heat pump recovers 42.5MJ.
Since the exhaust gas generated in the drying process is condensed by the heat pump, only the pyrolysis gas is combusted to generate the smoke with the generation amount of 212Nm 3 Compared with the flue gas direct heat drying mode of the embodiment 3, the method is reduced by 59.0 percent;
(3) Condensed water and low-temperature flue gas generated in the heat pump chamber flow into the photocatalytic reactor 7 from the condensed water outlet 226 and the low-temperature flue gas outlet 222, respectively, in the same manner as in the photocatalytic treatment of embodiment 1; urine was treated in the same manner as in example 1.
Table 1 comparison of the amount of flue gas produced and the energy consumption for the two drying modes
The invention provides a whole set of system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water and flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat, which has the process flow shown in figure 9: the simple separation of the excrement and urine is realized by a pedal type sliding plate separator, after the excrement is directly dried by heat through flue gas or dried by a heat pump at low temperature, solid products, namely excrement biochar, are prepared by pyrolysis, and the gas obtained by pyrolysis is combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas (the saturated biochar can be used as auxiliary fuel when the pyrolysis gas is insufficient); the high-temperature flue gas provides the required energy for the pyrolysis or drying process, the generated waste gas (including waste heat flue gas and organic matters and water vapor volatilized in the drying process) is absorbed by primary water in a photocatalytic reactor, condensed into liquid, and the residual extremely small amount of non-condensable gas is adsorbed by fecal biochar and then discharged; the urine passes through the excrement biochar in the urine temporary storage chamber to adsorb substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and then enters the photocatalysis reaction chamber, and the germ-free and nontoxic purified water is obtained through photocatalysis degradation, neutralization reaction with substances dissolved in water in waste gas, and the like, and is used for flushing toilets, greening and irrigation; the solar energy and the storage battery are used for electric energy of an ultraviolet lamp tube, an air pump, a water pump, a stirrer, a heat pump and the like to form a novel self-water supply and self-energy toilet flushing mode, so that the problems of residual dirt and odor on the surface of a toilet or a squatting pan are solved, and the treatment and resource utilization of excrement and urine in remote areas without a drainage pipe network and lacking in electricity, tourist attractions and the like are realized.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The system for preparing the excrement biochar and producing water and flushing the toilet by utilizing the solar energy and the pyrolysis waste heat is characterized by comprising an excrement and urine separation unit, an excrement drying pyrolysis unit, a combustion heat supply unit and an urine flue gas treatment unit;
wherein the excrement and urine separating unit comprises a pedal slide plate type separator and a urinal;
the excrement drying pyrolysis unit comprises a drying chamber and a pyrolysis chamber;
the combustion heat supply unit comprises a combustion chamber and an air distribution system;
the urine smoke treatment unit comprises a urine temporary storage chamber, a photocatalytic reactor, a conical solar panel and a noncondensable gas absorption tower;
the bottom of the urinal is provided with a pedal slide plate type separator, and the urinal is connected with a toilet flushing water tank;
the lower part of the pedal slide plate type separator is respectively connected with the drying chamber and the urine temporary storage chamber;
the dried materials in the drying chamber enter a pyrolysis chamber, hot flue gas is input into the drying chamber through an air distribution system, waste gas enters a photocatalytic reactor, and the pyrolysis chamber is connected with a combustion chamber and the air distribution system through a three-way valve;
The primary purified water obtained after urine treatment in the urine temporary storage chamber enters a photocatalytic reactor, returns to a toilet flushing water tank after being treated by the photocatalytic reactor, noncondensable gas in the photocatalytic reactor enters a noncondensable gas absorption tower, the photocatalytic reactor is powered by a storage battery, and the storage battery is charged by a conical solar panel;
the urine temporary storage chamber is internally provided with a stirrer, the bottom of the urine temporary storage chamber is a fecal biochar storage chamber, and the upper part of the urine temporary storage chamber is provided with a urine inlet and a primary purified water outlet.
2. The system for preparing excrement biochar and producing water and flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat according to claim 1, wherein the pedal sliding plate type separator comprises a sliding plate, a return spring, a pedal sliding type connecting rod, a pedal plate and water seepage holes with a filter screen,
the water seepage hole with the filter screen is positioned at the lowest part of the urinal and is vertically arranged, one side of the water seepage hole with the filter screen is a urine outlet, the other side of the water seepage hole with the filter screen is provided with a sliding plate, the sliding plate is connected with a pedal sliding connecting rod through a reset spring, and the pedal sliding connecting rod is connected with a pedal plate on the ground.
3. The system for preparing the excrement biochar and the produced water toilet by utilizing the solar collaborative pyrolysis waste heat according to claim 1, wherein the drying chamber comprises a dispersing wheel with sieve holes, a crushing cutter, a high-temperature flue gas inlet I, an excrement feeding port, a dried excrement discharging port, a waste gas outlet with a filter screen, a first sensor module, a rotating shaft, a crushing room and a hot air room,
The upper part of the drying chamber is a crushing chamber, the lower part of the drying chamber is a hot air chamber, the drying chamber is separated by a dispersing wheel with sieve holes, the diameter of sieve holes of the dispersing wheel with sieve holes is 5-10mm, and a gap of 5-10mm is reserved between the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying chamber; the inner wall of the drying chamber is provided with a first sensor module for detecting the temperature in the drying chamber; the top of the crushing room is provided with a fecal feeding port, the side surface of the upper part of the crushing room is provided with a waste gas outlet with a filter screen, the center of a dispersing wheel with a sieve hole is connected with a rotating shaft, and crushing cutters are uniformly arranged on the dispersing wheel with the sieve hole; the hot air room is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet I, and the bottom of the hot air room is provided with a desiccated excrement discharge port.
4. The system for preparing excrement biochar and producing water and flushing toilet by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis chamber comprises a desiccated excrement feeding port, an excrement biochar discharging port, a pyrolysis gas outlet, a heat exchange device flue gas inlet, a heat exchange device flue gas outlet and a second sensor module,
the top of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a desiccation excrement feeding port and a pyrolysis gas outlet, the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a excrement biochar discharging port, the inside of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a heat exchange device, the lower part of the heat exchange device is provided with a heat exchange device flue gas inlet, the upper part of the heat exchange device is provided with a heat exchange device flue gas outlet, and the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a second sensor module for detecting the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber.
5. The system for preparing the excrement biochar and producing water and flushing the toilet by utilizing the solar collaborative pyrolysis waste heat according to claim 1, wherein the drying chamber is connected with a heat pump chamber to realize low-temperature drying, the heat pump chamber comprises a high-temperature flue gas inlet II, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a wet cold air inlet, a dry hot air outlet, a flue gas heat exchanger, a condensed water outlet, a circulating air pipeline and a heat pump, and the heat pump consists of a fin type evaporator, a compressor, a fin type condenser, a throttle valve and a working medium pipeline;
high-temperature flue gas from the outlet of the pyrolysis chamber heat exchange device enters the heat pump chamber through the high-temperature flue gas inlet II, is discharged from the low-temperature flue gas outlet after passing through the flue gas heat exchanger, and flows to the photocatalytic reactor;
the wet and cold air in the drying chamber enters a circulating air pipeline of the heat pump chamber through a wet and cold air inlet, exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas entering in the high-temperature flue gas inlet II in the flue gas heat exchanger, sequentially passes through the fin type evaporator and the fin type condenser along the circulating air pipeline, and then is sent to the drying chamber through a dry and hot air outlet;
the medium in the heat pump enters the fin type condenser after passing through the compressor along the working medium pipeline, and then enters the fin type evaporator after passing through the throttle valve.
6. The system for preparing the excrement charcoal and the produced water toilet by utilizing the solar energy to cooperatively pyrolyze the waste heat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photocatalysis reactor comprises an ultraviolet lamp tube, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder,
the upper part of the photocatalytic reactor is provided with a toilet flushing water outlet, one side of the bottom is provided with a primary water purifying inlet, the side surface of the bottom is provided with an exhaust gas inlet, the center of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor is provided with a non-condensable gas outlet, a photocatalytic coating outer cylinder and a photocatalytic coating inner cylinder are sleeved in the photocatalytic reactor, the upper end of the photocatalytic coating outer cylinder is connected with the top end of the photocatalytic reactor, the lower end of the photocatalytic coating inner cylinder is connected with the bottom end of the photocatalytic reactor, and 4-8 ultraviolet lamp tubes are arranged between the photocatalytic coating outer cylinder and the photocatalytic coating inner cylinder; the ultraviolet lamp tube is connected with the storage battery through a lead.
7. The application method of the system for preparing the excrement biochar and the water-producing toilet by utilizing the solar energy collaborative pyrolysis waste heat according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising three processes of excrement and urine separation, excrement drying pyrolysis and urine smoke treatment, and is specifically as follows:
separation of feces and urine: after the toilet is used, urine quickly flows into the urine temporary storage chamber through the water seepage hole with the filter screen at the lowest position of the urinal, the filter screen at the water seepage hole with the filter screen blocks formed excrement, and the excrement falls on the sliding plate; pushing a pedal plate positioned in front of the urinal by feet, driving a lower foot pedal sliding type connecting rod and a sliding plate at the tail end of the foot pedal sliding type connecting rod to move away, enabling excrement to fall into a crushing room of a drying chamber from the sliding plate, pressing a button on a flushing water tank, and enabling water in the water tank to enter a urine temporary storage chamber after flushing the urinal;
Drying and pyrolyzing the feces: the high-temperature flue gas is regulated to a proper temperature by an air distribution system, then is input into a crushing room of a drying room through a high-temperature flue gas inlet I, a dispersing wheel with sieve holes and a gap between the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying room, vortex is formed between the crushing room, large-block excrement entering the crushing room is sent to a crushing cutter to be repeatedly crushed, crushed and preliminarily dried small-particle-size excrement falls into a hot air room from sieve holes of the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the gap between the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying room, and enters a pyrolysis room from a drying excrement discharge port after being sufficiently dried, and the crushed excrement is discharged through biological charcoal after pyrolysis; the pyrolysis gas enters a combustion chamber to be mixed and combusted with air or auxiliary fuel, and the combusted flue gas is introduced into a heat exchange device of the pyrolysis chamber to provide heat for pyrolysis reaction; the flue gas is cooled and then is sent to a drying chamber after the temperature is regulated by an air distribution system, so as to provide heat for drying;
and (3) urine smoke treatment: after nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in urine are adsorbed by the fecal biochar in the urine temporary storage chamber, primary purified water is obtained, the primary purified water is pumped to a photocatalytic reactor by a water pump, and after photocatalytic degradation reaction occurs under the action of an ultraviolet lamp tube and a photocatalyst coating, the water becomes sterile and nontoxic purified water which is pressed into a toilet flushing water tank by the water pump for later use;
The waste gas entering the photocatalytic reactor passes through a baffling channel formed by the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder from outside to inside, is fully absorbed and condensed by primary purified water, and the residual non-condensable gas is introduced into a non-condensable gas adsorption tower filled with fecal biochar for purification and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
8. The application method of the system for preparing the excrement biochar and the water-producing toilet by utilizing the solar energy collaborative pyrolysis waste heat according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the direct heat drying temperature of the flue gas is 150-200 ℃; the flue gas after the completion of the excrement drying, together with organic matters and water vapor volatilized in the drying process, is discharged into a photocatalytic reactor through a waste gas outlet with a filter screen;
the pyrolysis conditions of the desiccated feces are as follows: heating rate is 10-20 ℃/min, pyrolysis temperature is 300-550 ℃, and pyrolysis time is 40-80min;
the pyrolysis gas and auxiliary fuel generated by the pyrolysis chamber are ignited and combusted in the combustion chamber through the ignition device, the generated high-temperature flue gas flows in from a flue gas inlet at the lower end of the heat exchange device and flows out from a flue gas outlet at the upper end of the heat exchange device, and after heating and heat preservation of the pyrolysis chamber are completed, the flue gas flows into the drying chamber to directly dry excrement;
the auxiliary fuel is saturated biochar after adsorbing non-condensable gas.
9. The application method of the system for preparing the excrement biochar and the water-producing toilet by utilizing the solar energy collaborative pyrolysis waste heat according to claim 7, wherein in the excrement drying pyrolysis, wet air from a drying chamber is cooled and dehumidified by a refrigerating system of a heat pump in the excrement drying process, so that combustion heat supply of auxiliary fuel is omitted;
the temperature of the dry hot air used for drying the excrement is 70-90 ℃.
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