CN217025740U - System for preparing excrement biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat - Google Patents
System for preparing excrement biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN217025740U CN217025740U CN202220389762.5U CN202220389762U CN217025740U CN 217025740 U CN217025740 U CN 217025740U CN 202220389762 U CN202220389762 U CN 202220389762U CN 217025740 U CN217025740 U CN 217025740U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a system for preparing excrement biochar and producing water to flush a toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat, and belongs to the technical field of environment and resource utilization. The system comprises an excrement-urine separation unit, an excrement drying and pyrolysis unit, a combustion heat supply unit and an urine flue gas treatment unit, wherein the excrement-urine separation unit is connected with the excrement drying and pyrolysis unit and the urine flue gas treatment unit, the combustion heat supply unit supplies heat to the excrement drying and pyrolysis unit, and flushing water treated by the urine flue gas treatment unit returns to a flushing water tank. This system realizes the simple and easy separation of excrement and urine through foot-operated slide separator, and excrement and urine obtains excrement and urine biochar through the mummification pyrolysis, and the urine passes through excrement and urine biochar adsorption, photocatalytic degradation produces "purified water" for towards lavatory etc. the toper solar panel that the light energy utilization ratio is higher and auxiliary fuel provide the energy for the entire system operation, form from supplying water, from the new mode of towards lavatory of energy supply, be applicable to no drain pipe network and the fecal treatment and the resourceization in the area of lacking in electricity.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of environment and resource utilization, in particular to a system for preparing excrement biochar and producing water to flush a toilet by using solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat.
Background
The feces which are not effectively treated have high water content and are inconvenient to transport, and can not be directly applied to crops as fertilizer, so that potential environmental and health risks exist. There is an increasing interest in how to treat faeces quickly, efficiently and at low cost.
At present, the treatment modes of excrement in China mainly include aerobic composting and anaerobic biogas production, wherein the composting method is easy to generate odor, and the use of the produced fertilizer is greatly influenced by seasons; the method for producing the biogas has complex maintenance and management, high investment cost and difficult treatment of biogas residues and biogas slurry. Meanwhile, the two methods have the problems of long time consumption, large occupied area and the like. On the other hand, the water for flushing the toilet bowl accounts for more than one third of the domestic water, and if the use of the water can be reduced or even avoided, the water resource saving amount is considerable.
At present, in order to achieve the purpose of water saving, water-saving toilets, ecological toilets and the like exist in the market, according to investigation, 3-5L of water is also needed for one-time flushing of the water-saving toilets, and although the ecological toilets can be flushed without flushing, the ecological toilets utilize the growth and reproduction activities of microorganisms to biodegrade available macromolecular organic compounds in excrement and convert the macromolecular organic compounds into bacterial biomass, and competitively inhibit and kill pathogenic microorganisms in excrement. But as the biochemical raw materials are required to be packed or added regularly, the trouble of transportation and labor cost is brought, and meanwhile, the problem of odor is not thoroughly solved.
In order to solve the problem of excrement treatment in many remote rural areas and sparsely populated areas without drainage pipe networks and without electricity and improve the environmental sanitation condition, the utility model provides an energy-saving water-producing toilet system which is used for preparing biochar by separating excrement from urine and drying and pyrolyzing the excrement, and converting the urine into flushing water by absorbing the biochar in the excrement and carrying out photocatalytic oxidation.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system for preparing excrement biochar and producing water to flush a toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat.
The system comprises a feces-urine separation unit, a feces drying and pyrolysis unit, a combustion heat supply unit and a urine smoke treatment unit;
wherein, the excrement-urine separation unit comprises a pedal sliding plate type separator and a urinal;
the excrement drying and pyrolyzing unit comprises a drying chamber and a pyrolyzing chamber;
the combustion heat supply unit comprises a combustion chamber and an air distribution system;
the urine smoke treatment unit comprises a urine temporary storage chamber, a photocatalytic reactor, a conical solar panel and a non-condensable gas adsorption tower;
the bottom of the urinal is provided with a pedal sliding plate type separator, and the urinal is connected with a toilet flushing water tank;
the lower part of the pedal sliding plate type separator is respectively connected with the drying chamber and the urine temporary storage chamber;
the dried material in the drying chamber enters a pyrolysis chamber, hot flue gas is input into the drying chamber through an air distribution system, waste gas enters a photocatalytic reactor, and the pyrolysis chamber is connected with a combustion chamber and the air distribution system through a three-way valve;
the urine temporary storage chamber enables primary purified water obtained after urine treatment to enter the photocatalytic reactor, the primary purified water returns to a toilet flushing water tank after being treated by the photocatalytic reactor, non-condensable gas in the photocatalytic reactor enters the non-condensable gas absorption tower, the photocatalytic reactor is powered by a storage battery, and the storage battery is charged by the tapered solar panel.
Wherein the pedal sliding plate type separator comprises a sliding plate, a return spring, a pedal sliding type connecting rod, a pedal plate and a water seepage hole with a filter screen,
take filter screen infiltration hole to be located the minimum of urinal, and vertical setting, take filter screen infiltration hole one side to be the urine export, the opposite side sets up the sliding plate, the sliding plate passes through reset spring and connects pedal slidingtype connecting rod, and pedal slidingtype connecting rod is connected subaerial push pedal of stepping on.
The drying chamber comprises a dispersing wheel with a sieve hole, a crushing cutter, a high-temperature flue gas inlet I, a feces feeding hole, a dried feces discharging hole, a waste gas outlet with a filter screen, a first sensor module, a rotating shaft, a crushing chamber and a hot air chamber,
the upper part of the drying chamber is a crushing chamber, the lower part of the drying chamber is a hot air chamber, the crushing chamber and the hot air chamber are separated by a dispersing wheel with sieve holes, the diameter of the sieve holes of the dispersing wheel with sieve holes is 5-10mm, and a gap of 5-10mm is formed between the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying chamber; a first sensor module is arranged on the inner wall of the drying chamber and used for detecting the temperature in the drying chamber; an excrement feeding hole is reserved at the top of the crushing room, a waste gas outlet with a filter screen is reserved on the side face of the upper part of the crushing room, the center of a dispersing wheel with sieve holes is connected with a rotating shaft, and crushing cutters are uniformly arranged on the dispersing wheel with the sieve holes; a high-temperature flue gas inlet I is reserved in the hot air chamber, and a dried excrement discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the hot air chamber.
The pyrolysis chamber comprises a dried excrement feeding hole, an excrement biochar discharging hole, a pyrolysis gas outlet, a heat exchange device flue gas inlet, a heat exchange device flue gas outlet and a second sensor module,
the top of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a dried excrement feeding hole and a pyrolysis gas outlet, the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with an excrement biochar discharging hole, a heat exchange device is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, the lower part of the heat exchange device is provided with a heat exchange device flue gas inlet, the upper part of the heat exchange device flue gas outlet is provided with a heat exchange device flue gas outlet, and a second sensor module is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber and used for detecting the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber. The heat exchange device can be a tubular heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger or a heating interlayer.
The drying mode can also adopt heat pump low-temperature drying, namely the drying chamber realizes low-temperature drying by connecting a heat pump chamber, the heat pump chamber comprises a high-temperature flue gas inlet II, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a wet cold air inlet, a dry hot air outlet, a flue gas heat exchanger, a condensed water outlet, a circulating air pipeline and a heat pump, and the heat pump consists of a finned evaporator, a compressor, a finned condenser, a throttle valve and a working medium pipeline;
high-temperature flue gas from the outlet of the pyrolysis chamber heat exchange device enters the heat pump chamber through the high-temperature flue gas inlet II, passes through the flue gas heat exchanger, is discharged from the low-temperature flue gas outlet, and flows to the photocatalytic reactor;
wet and cold air in the drying chamber enters a circulating air pipeline of the heat pump chamber through a wet and cold air inlet by virtue of an air pump, exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas inlet II in the flue gas heat exchanger, sequentially passes through the fin-type evaporator and the fin-type condenser along the circulating air pipeline, and is delivered to the drying chamber through a dry and hot air outlet;
the medium in the heat pump enters the finned condenser along the working medium pipeline after passing through the compressor and then enters the finned evaporator after passing through the throttle valve.
The agitator is arranged in the urine temporary storage chamber, the bottom of the urine temporary storage chamber is a feces biochar storage chamber, and the upper part of the urine temporary storage chamber is provided with a urine inlet and a primary purified water outlet.
The photocatalytic reactor comprises an ultraviolet lamp tube, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder,
a toilet flushing water outlet is reserved at the upper part of the photocatalytic reactor, a primary purified water inlet is reserved at one side of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor, a waste gas inlet is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor, a noncondensable gas outlet is reserved at the center of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder are sleeved in the photocatalytic reactor, the upper end of the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder is connected with the top end of the photocatalytic reactor, the lower end of the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder is connected with the bottom end of the photocatalytic reactor, and a lamp tube is arranged between the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder; the ultraviolet lamp tube is connected with the storage battery through a lead.
Furthermore, the upper end of the outer photocatalyst coating cylinder is connected with the top end of the photocatalytic reactor, the lower end of the inner photocatalyst coating cylinder is connected with the bottom end of the photocatalytic reactor, and 4-8 ultraviolet lamp tubes are arranged.
The technical scheme of the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the simple separation of excrement and urine is realized by utilizing a pedal type sliding plate separator, excrement pyrolytic biochar is adopted to adsorb the urine, photocatalytic disinfection is adopted to purify produced water to flush the toilet, pyrolysis gas combustion waste heat is used for drying and pyrolysis of the excrement, solar energy and storage battery are used for electric energy of ultraviolet lamp tubes, air pumps, water pumps, mixers and the like, a novel toilet flushing mode with self-water supply and self-energy supply is formed, and the novel toilet flushing device is particularly suitable for excrement treatment and resource utilization in remote areas without drainage networks and power shortage, tourist attractions and other places.
(2) The large excrement is repeatedly sent to a crushing knife for crushing by utilizing the high-speed rotation of a dispersing wheel with a sieve hole and the vortex formed by dry hot air, the formed vortex also ensures that the dispersibility of the material is good, the drying efficiency is high, and the condition that the material is attached to the inner wall of the drying chamber can be avoided; the crushed and primarily dried small-particle-size excrement falls into a hot air chamber through the sieve holes on the dispersion wheel and the gaps between the dispersion wheel and the inner wall of the drying chamber for further drying, so that the integration of excrement crushing and drying is realized.
(3) The utility model adopts the low temperature of less than 550 ℃ to pyrolyze the excrement, the product takes the solid excrement biochar as the main material, the retention time of volatile gas in the pyrolysis chamber is longer under the condition of low temperature rise speed, and the secondary reaction of gaseous components and solid occurs, thus strengthening the production process of the charcoal, and the smoke gas produced by direct combustion after the excrement is dried is greatly reduced compared with the smoke gas produced by direct combustion after the same amount of excrement is dried, thereby leading the NOx and SO to be greatly reduced2The emission of atmospheric pollutants is greatly reduced; the obtained fecal biochar can also adsorb substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in urine, and can be taken out for use as a slow release fertilizer with rich nitrogen and phosphorus after saturated adsorption.
(4) Waste gas (smoke/water vapor and the like) from the drying chamber and ' primary clean water ' from the urine temporary storage chamber are mixed in the photocatalytic reactor, and the waste gas is ' primary clean waterThe grade clean water "absorbs and condenses" residual NH in the "primary clean water4 +With CO dissolved in water in the exhaust gas3 2-、HCO3 -、NO3 -And SO4 2-Form (NH)4)2CO3、NH4HCO3、 NH4NO3And NH4SO4And other organic pollutants are effectively removed under the ultraviolet light intensity and the photocatalysis of the photocatalyst coating. The photocatalytic reactor forms a baffling channel of waste gas through the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the photocatalyst coating, compared with a non-baffling reactor, the waste gas has long residence time in the photocatalytic reactor and is fully absorbed by primary purified water, and the waste gas with residual heat is helpful for killing residual bacteria and viruses in the primary purified water. In addition, residual odor substances and other pollutants in waste gas condensate water and 'primary purified water' can be eliminated through photocatalytic reaction, the treated 'purified water' can be recycled for flushing toilets, greening, irrigation and the like, tap water or natural water is not needed for flushing toilets, so that not only is the water resource greatly saved, but also the synergistic treatment of waste gas and urine is realized.
(5) Compared with the conventional pyrolysis system, the utility model greatly improves the heat utilization efficiency: pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis chamber is directly pumped into the combustion chamber for combustion without being cooled, so that tar byproducts are avoided; the excrement biochar with saturated non-condensable gas adsorption has a certain calorific value and can be used as combustion chamber auxiliary fuel, combustion flue gas supplies heat to the pyrolysis chamber through the heat exchange device, and the flue gas after heat exchange enters the drying chamber to directly supply hot air for drying excrement, so that the cascade utilization of high-temperature flue gas is realized.
(6) When the excrement is directly dried by using pyrolysis flue gas, the required energy consumption is larger than the energy released by combustion of the pyrolysis gas, auxiliary fuel needs to be supplemented for combustion heat supply, but when the heat pump is used for low-temperature drying, a large amount of energy consumption can be saved, and the heat pump can replace the combustion heat supply of the auxiliary fuel. The heat pump dehumidification drying is different from the traditional hot air drying in air circulation modes, the drying chamber is also different in air dehumidification modes, a refrigeration system of a heat pump is utilized to cool and dehumidify the humid air from the drying chamber, a large amount of latent heat released during moisture condensation in the excrement drying process and heat released during cooling of the circulating air can be recovered, waste heat recovery is realized, and the energy consumption is reduced by more than 70% compared with that of the direct heat drying of the common flue gas; meanwhile, most of moisture in the excrement is condensed, so that the generation amount of waste gas is further reduced, and the generation amount of the waste gas is reduced by more than 80% compared with direct heat drying.
(7) Compared with the method for treating the excrement by biological methods such as aerobic composting and the like, the device has the advantages of small occupied area, high treatment speed, high efficiency and simple operation, can convert the excrement into biochar fertilizer, toilet flushing water and greening irrigation water, and realizes harmlessness, reclamation and zero emission of pollutants of the excrement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water to flush a toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an excrement-urine separation unit of the system for producing excrement biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a drying chamber of the system for producing fecal biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat according to the utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a pyrolysis chamber of the system for producing fecal biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat according to the utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a photocatalytic purification chamber of a system for producing fecal biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat in cooperation with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a photocatalytic purification chamber of the system for producing fecal biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a heat pump chamber of the system for producing fecal biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat according to the utility model;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a feces drying unit utilizing a heat pump and solar energy in a system for producing feces biochar by utilizing solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat and flushing toilet with produced water according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a process flow diagram of the application method of the system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat.
Wherein: 1-pedal sliding plate type separator, 101-sliding plate, 102-reset spring, 103-pedal sliding type connecting rod, 104-pedal plate, 105-water seepage hole with filter screen, 106-urinal;
2-a drying chamber, 201-a dispersing wheel with a screen hole, 202-a crushing knife, 203-a high-temperature flue gas inlet I, 204-a feces feeding hole, 205-a dried feces discharging hole, 206-a waste gas outlet with a screen, 207-a first sensor module, 208-a rotating shaft, 209-a crushing chamber, 210-a hot air chamber and 211-a dry hot air inlet;
3-a pyrolysis chamber, 301-a dried excrement feeding hole, 302-an excrement biochar discharging hole, 303-a pyrolysis gas outlet, 304-a heat exchange device, 305-a heat exchange device flue gas inlet, 306-a heat exchange device flue gas outlet and 307-a second sensor module;
4-a urine temporary storage chamber; 5-a stirrer; 6-excrement biochar storage chamber;
7-a photocatalytic reactor, 701-an ultraviolet lamp tube, 702-a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and 703-a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder; 801-conical solar panel, 802-storage battery, 803-wire; 901-urine inlet, 902-primary purified water outlet; 10-primary purified water inlet; 11-toilet flushing water outlet;
12-a water pump; 13-flushing cistern;
14-a combustion chamber; 15-an ignition device; 16-three-way valve; 17-an air pump;
18-an exhaust gas inlet; 19-noncondensable gas outlet; 20-noncondensable gas adsorption tower; 21-a wind distribution system;
22-a heat pump chamber, 221-a high-temperature flue gas inlet II, 222-a low-temperature flue gas outlet, 223-a wet cold air inlet, 224-a dry hot air outlet, 225-a flue gas heat exchanger, 226-a condensed water outlet, 227-a finned evaporator, 228-a compressor, 229-a finned condenser, 230-a throttle valve, 231-a circulating air pipeline and 232-a working medium pipeline.
Detailed Description
To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The utility model provides a system for preparing excrement biochar and producing water to flush a toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat.
As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a feces-urine separation unit, a feces drying and pyrolysis unit, a combustion heat supply unit and a urine smoke treatment unit;
wherein, the excrement-urine separation unit comprises a pedal sliding plate type separator 1 and a urinal 106;
the excrement drying and pyrolyzing unit comprises a drying chamber 2 and a pyrolyzing chamber 3;
the combustion heat supply unit comprises a combustion chamber 14 and an air distribution system 21;
the urine smoke treatment unit comprises a urine temporary storage chamber 4, a photocatalytic reactor 7, a conical solar panel 801 and a non-condensable gas adsorption tower 20;
the bottom of the urinal 106 is provided with a pedal sliding plate type separator 1, and the urinal 106 is connected with a toilet flushing water tank 13;
the lower part of the pedal sliding plate type separator 1 is respectively connected with a drying chamber 2 and a urine temporary storage chamber 4;
the dried material in the drying chamber 2 enters a pyrolysis chamber 3, hot flue gas is input into the drying chamber 2 through an air distribution system 21, waste gas enters a photocatalytic reactor 7, and the pyrolysis chamber 3 is connected with a combustion chamber 14 and the air distribution system 21 through a three-way valve 16;
the urine temporary storage chamber 4 enables primary purified water obtained after urine treatment to enter the photocatalytic reactor 7, the primary purified water is processed by the photocatalytic reactor 7 and then returns to the toilet flushing water tank 13, non-condensable gas in the photocatalytic reactor 7 enters the non-condensable gas absorption tower 20, the photocatalytic reactor 7 is powered by the storage battery 802, and the storage battery 802 is charged by the conical solar panel 801.
As shown in fig. 2, the pedal-slide separator 1 includes a slide plate 101, a return spring 102, a pedal-slide link 103, a pedal plate 104 and a filter-equipped water seepage hole 105,
the seepage hole 105 with the filter screen is positioned at the lowest part of the urinal 106 and is vertically arranged, one side of the seepage hole 105 with the filter screen is a urine outlet, the other side of the seepage hole with the filter screen is provided with a sliding plate 101, the sliding plate 101 is connected with a pedal sliding type connecting rod 103 through a return spring 102, and the pedal sliding type connecting rod 103 is connected with a pedal pushing plate 104 on the ground.
As shown in FIG. 3, the drying chamber 2 comprises a dispersing wheel 201 with a screen hole, a crushing knife 202, a high-temperature flue gas inlet I203, a feces inlet 204, a dried feces outlet 205, a waste gas outlet 206 with a screen, a first sensor module 207, a rotating shaft 208, a crushing chamber 209 and a hot air chamber 210,
the upper part of the drying chamber 2 is a crushing chamber 209, the lower part is a hot air chamber 210, the crushing chamber and the hot air chamber are separated by a dispersing wheel 201 with sieve holes, the diameter of the sieve holes of the dispersing wheel 201 with sieve holes is 5-10mm, and a gap of 5-10mm is reserved between the dispersing wheel 201 with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying chamber 2; a first sensor module 207 is arranged on the inner wall of the drying chamber 2 and used for detecting the temperature in the drying chamber 2; the top of the crushing room 209 is provided with a feces feeding hole 204, the side surface of the upper part of the crushing room 209 is provided with a waste gas outlet 206 with a filter screen, the center of the dispersing wheel 201 with the sieve holes is connected with a rotating shaft 208, and the dispersing wheel 201 with the sieve holes is uniformly provided with crushing knives 202; the hot air room 210 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet I203, and the bottom of the hot air room 210 is provided with a dried excrement discharge port 205.
As shown in fig. 4, the pyrolysis chamber 3 comprises a dried feces feeding port 301, a feces biochar discharging port 302, a pyrolysis gas outlet 303, a heat exchange device 304, a heat exchange device flue gas inlet 305, a heat exchange device flue gas outlet 306 and a second sensor module 307,
the top of the pyrolysis chamber 3 is provided with a dried excrement feeding hole 301 and a pyrolysis gas outlet 303, the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 3 is provided with an excrement biochar discharging hole 302, a heat exchanging device 304 is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber 3, the lower part of the heat exchanging device 304 is provided with a heat exchanging device flue gas inlet 305, the upper part of the heat exchanging device 304 is provided with a heat exchanging device flue gas outlet 306, and the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 3 is provided with a second sensor module 307 for detecting the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 3.
Set up agitator 5 in the urine temporary storage room 4, urine temporary storage room 4 bottom is excrement and urine biochar storeroom 6, and urine entry 901 and elementary water purification export 902 are left on 4 upper portions of urine temporary storage room.
As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the photocatalytic reactor 7 includes an ultraviolet lamp tube 701, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder 702 and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder 703,
a toilet flushing water outlet 11 is reserved at the upper part of the photocatalytic reactor 7, a primary pure water inlet 10 is reserved at one side of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor 7, a waste gas inlet 18 is arranged at the side surface of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor 7, a non-condensable gas outlet 19 is reserved at the center of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor 7, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder 702 and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder 703 are sleeved in the photocatalytic reactor 7, and an ultraviolet lamp tube 701 is arranged between the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder 702 and the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder 703; ultraviolet lamp tube 701 is connected with battery 802 through conducting wire 803.
The upper end of the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder 702 is connected with the top end of the photocatalytic reactor 7, the lower end of the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder 703 is connected with the bottom end of the photocatalytic reactor 7, and the number of the ultraviolet lamp tubes is 4-8.
The application method of the system comprises three processes of feces-urine separation, feces drying and pyrolysis and urine smoke treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
separating excrement from urine: after using the toilet, urine quickly passes through the filter screen seepage hole 105 positioned at the lowest part of the urinal 106 and flows into the urine temporary storage chamber 4, the filter screen at the filter screen seepage hole 105 blocks the formed excrement, and the excrement falls on the sliding plate 101; pushing a stepping push plate 104 positioned in front of a urinal 106 by feet to drive a lower stepping sliding type connecting rod 103 and a sliding plate 101 at the tail end of the stepping sliding type connecting rod 103 to move away, so that excrement falls to a crushing room 209 of the drying chamber 2 from the sliding plate 101, and pressing a button on a toilet flushing water tank 13, so that the water in the water tank washes the urinal 106 and then enters a temporary urine storage chamber 4;
drying and pyrolyzing excrement: high-temperature flue gas is adjusted to a proper temperature by an air distribution system 21, then is input to a crushing room 209 of a drying room through a high-temperature flue gas inlet I203, a dispersing wheel 201 with sieve holes, a gap between the dispersing wheel 201 with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying room 2, a vortex is formed in the crushing room, large excrement entering the crushing room is sent to a crushing knife 202 to be repeatedly crushed, the crushed and preliminarily dried excrement with small particle size falls into a hot air room 210 from the sieve holes of the dispersing wheel 201 with sieve holes and the gap between the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying room, the excrement is fully dried and then enters a pyrolysis room 3 from a dried excrement discharge port 205, and excrement biochar is prepared after pyrolysis and then is discharged; pyrolysis gas enters the combustion chamber 14 to be mixed and combusted with air or auxiliary fuel, and the combusted flue gas is introduced into the heat exchange device 304 of the pyrolysis chamber 3 to provide heat for pyrolysis reaction; the temperature of the flue gas is reduced, and the flue gas is adjusted by an air distribution system 21 to be at a required temperature and then is sent to a drying chamber 2 to provide heat for drying; the smoke gas which completes the drying of the excrement and organic matters and water vapor volatilized in the drying process are discharged into the photocatalytic reactor 7 through a waste gas outlet 206 with a filter screen;
the first sensor module and the second sensor module respectively detect the temperatures of the drying chamber and the pyrolysis chamber, and control the air distribution system, the three-way valve and the air pump to adjust the amount of flue gas flowing through the drying chamber and the heat exchange device according to needs, so that the temperature regulation of the drying chamber and the pyrolysis chamber and the cascade utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas are realized;
treating urine smoke: the excrement biochar in the urine temporary storage chamber 4 adsorbs nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in urine to obtain primary purified water, the primary purified water is pumped to the photocatalytic reactor 7 through a water pump, and is subjected to photocatalytic degradation reaction under the action of the ultraviolet lamp tube 701 and the photocatalyst coating to form sterile and nontoxic purified water, and the sterile and nontoxic purified water is pressed into a toilet flushing water tank 13 by a water pump 12 for standby;
the waste gas entering the photocatalytic reactor 7 passes through a baffling channel formed by the outer photocatalyst coating cylinder 702 and the inner photocatalyst coating cylinder 703 from outside to inside, after being fully absorbed and condensed by primary purified water, the residual non-condensable gas is introduced into the non-condensable gas adsorption tower 20 filled with fecal biochar for purification and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
Wherein, the temperature of the direct heat drying of the excrement by the flue gas is 150-200 ℃, and the dried excrement is pyrolyzed at a low temperature of less than 550 ℃ to generate solid excrement biochar with strong adsorption capacity; further, the pyrolysis conditions are: the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the pyrolysis temperature is 300-.
Excrement biochar generated by pyrolysis is periodically discharged from a discharge hole at the lower end and is used as an adsorbent for urine and non-condensable gas; and gas generated by pyrolysis enters the combustion chamber through a pyrolysis gas outlet for combustion.
Pyrolysis gas and auxiliary fuel generated by the pyrolysis chamber are ignited and combusted through the ignition device 15 in the combustion chamber, generated high-temperature flue gas flows in from a heat exchange device flue gas inlet 305 at the lower end of the heat exchange device and flows out from a heat exchange device flue gas outlet 306 at the upper end of the heat exchange device, and after heating and heat preservation of the pyrolysis chamber 3 are completed, the high-temperature flue gas flows into the drying chamber 2 to directly heat-dry excrement;
the auxiliary fuel is saturated biochar and the like after the non-condensable gas is adsorbed.
In the excrement drying process, the wet air from the drying chamber 2 can be cooled and dehumidified through a refrigeration system of the heat pump, so that combustion heat supply of auxiliary fuel is omitted;
as shown in fig. 7, the heat pump chamber 22 includes a high temperature flue gas ii inlet 221, a low temperature flue gas outlet 222, a wet cold air inlet 223, a dry hot air outlet 224, a flue gas heat exchanger 225, a condensed water outlet 226, a circulating air pipe 231, and a heat pump, and the heat pump is composed of a finned evaporator 227, a compressor 228, a finned condenser 229, a throttle valve 230, and a working medium pipe 232;
as shown in fig. 8, the high-temperature flue gas from the outlet 304 of the heat exchange device in the pyrolysis chamber 3 enters the heat pump chamber 3 through the high-temperature flue gas inlet ii 221, passes through the flue gas heat exchanger 225, is discharged from the low-temperature flue gas outlet 222, and flows to the photocatalytic reactor 7;
wet cold air in the drying chamber 2 enters a circulating air pipeline 231 of the heat pump chamber through a wet cold air inlet 223 by virtue of an air pump 17, exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas entering from a high-temperature flue gas inlet II in a flue gas heat exchanger 225, then sequentially passes through a fin-type evaporator 227 and a fin-type condenser 229 by virtue of the circulating air pipeline 231, and then is sent to a dry hot air inlet 211 of the drying chamber 2 through a dry hot air outlet 224;
the medium in the heat pump enters the finned condenser 229 after passing through the compressor 228 along the working medium pipeline 232, and then enters the finned evaporator 227 after passing through the throttle valve 230.
In practical application, the high-temperature flue gas flows out from the upper end of the heat exchange device 304 of the pyrolysis chamber 3 and enters the flue gas of the heat pump chamber 22 to exchange heat with the wet cold air from the lower end of the drying chamber 2 in the circulating air pipeline 231, and after the wet cold air is changed into wet hot air, the wet hot air is cooled and condensed into dry cold air by absorbing heat by the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant in the heat pump working medium pipeline 232 when flowing through the heat pump finned evaporator 227, and most of condensed water is discharged; the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant is a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant obtained by compressing the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant by the compressor 228 after changing from a liquid state into a high-temperature low-pressure refrigerant due to heat absorption; when the dehumidified and cooled dry and cold air flows through the heat pump finned condenser 229, the dry and cold air is heated by the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the heat pump working medium pipeline 232 to become dry and hot air, and the dry and hot air returns to the drying chamber 2 to continuously dry the excrement. The low-temperature high-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the finned condenser 229 is depressurized by the throttle valve 230 and then returns to the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant, and flows into the finned evaporator 227 to continue the next cycle; the air pump 17 circulates the air in the circulating air pipe 231 in a certain direction, so that the air is circulated between the drying chamber 2 and the heat pump in a closed manner, and the processes of cooling, heating and drying are repeated continuously.
The temperature of the dry hot air for drying the feces is 70-90 ℃; a large amount of latent heat released when the damp and hot air is condensed is absorbed by the refrigerant, and the effect of recovering the waste heat is achieved.
The whole set of system for preparing the fecal biochar and flushing the toilet by using the solar energy and the pyrolysis waste heat has the process flow as shown in fig. 9, simple separation of feces and urine is realized by a pedal type sliding plate separator, the feces are directly dried by heat through smoke or dried by a heat pump at low temperature and pyrolyzed to prepare a solid product, namely the fecal biochar, and gas obtained by pyrolysis is combusted to generate high-temperature smoke (when pyrolysis gas is insufficient, saturated biochar can be used as auxiliary fuel); the high-temperature flue gas provides required energy for the pyrolysis or drying process, the generated waste gas (containing residual heat flue gas and organic matters and water vapor volatilized in the drying process) is absorbed by 'primary purified water' in the photocatalytic reactor and condensed into liquid, and the residual very small amount of non-condensable gas is adsorbed by the excrement biochar and then discharged; urine enters a photocatalytic reaction chamber after being adsorbed by excrement biochar in a urine temporary storage chamber, and is subjected to photocatalytic degradation, neutralization reaction with substances dissolved in water in waste gas and the like to obtain germ-free and nontoxic purified water for flushing toilets, greening and irrigation; the solar energy and the storage battery are used for electric energy of the ultraviolet lamp tube, the air pump, the water pump, the stirrer, the heat pump and the like to form a new toilet flushing mode with self-water supply and self-energy supply, so that the problems of dirt and odor remained on the surface of the toilet or the squatting pan are solved, and the feces and urine treatment and resource utilization of places such as remote areas, tourist attractions and the like without drainage networks and power shortage are realized.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat combined excrement biochar preparation and water production toilet flushing system is characterized by comprising an excrement-urine separation unit, an excrement drying and pyrolysis unit, a combustion heat supply unit and an urine smoke treatment unit;
wherein, the excrement-urine separation unit comprises a pedal sliding plate type separator and a urinal; the excrement drying and pyrolyzing unit comprises a drying chamber and a pyrolyzing chamber; the combustion heat supply unit comprises a combustion chamber and an air distribution system; the urine smoke treatment unit comprises a urine temporary storage chamber, a photocatalytic reactor, a conical solar panel and a non-condensable gas adsorption tower; the bottom of the urinal is provided with a pedal sliding plate type separator, and the urinal is connected with a toilet flushing water tank;
the lower part of the pedal sliding plate type separator is respectively connected with a drying chamber and a urine temporary storage chamber; the pedal sliding plate type separator comprises a sliding plate, a reset spring, a pedal sliding type connecting rod, a pedal plate and a water seepage hole with a filter screen, wherein the water seepage hole with the filter screen is positioned at the lowest part of the urinal and is vertically arranged;
the dried material in the drying chamber enters a pyrolysis chamber, hot flue gas is input into the drying chamber through an air distribution system, waste gas enters a photocatalytic reactor, and the pyrolysis chamber is connected with a combustion chamber and the air distribution system through a three-way valve;
the urine temporary storage chamber enables primary purified water obtained after urine treatment to enter the photocatalytic reactor, the primary purified water is returned to a toilet flushing water tank after being treated by the photocatalytic reactor, non-condensable gas in the photocatalytic reactor enters the non-condensable gas absorption tower, the photocatalytic reactor is powered by a storage battery, and the storage battery is charged by the conical solar panel.
2. The system for preparing fecal biochar and flushing toilet by utilizing waste heat through solar energy and pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the drying chamber comprises a dispersing wheel with a sieve hole, a crushing cutter, a high-temperature flue gas inlet I, a fecal feeding hole, a dried fecal discharging hole, a waste gas outlet with a filter screen, a first sensor module, a rotating shaft, a crushing chamber and a hot air chamber,
the upper part of the drying chamber is a crushing chamber, the lower part of the drying chamber is a hot air chamber, the crushing chamber and the hot air chamber are separated by a dispersing wheel with sieve holes, the diameter of the sieve holes of the dispersing wheel with sieve holes is 5-10mm, and a gap of 5-10mm is formed between the dispersing wheel with sieve holes and the inner wall of the drying chamber; a first sensor module is arranged on the inner wall of the drying chamber and used for detecting the temperature in the drying chamber; an excrement feeding hole is reserved at the top of the crushing room, a waste gas outlet with a filter screen is reserved on the side face of the upper part of the crushing room, the center of a dispersing wheel with sieve holes is connected with a rotating shaft, and crushing cutters are uniformly arranged on the dispersing wheel with the sieve holes; a high-temperature flue gas inlet I is reserved in the hot air chamber, and a dried excrement discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the hot air chamber.
3. The system for preparing fecal biochar and flushing a toilet by using waste heat through solar energy and pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis chamber comprises a dried fecal feeding hole, a fecal biochar discharging hole, a pyrolysis gas outlet, a heat exchange device flue gas inlet, a heat exchange device flue gas outlet and a second sensor module,
the top of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a dried excrement feeding port and a pyrolysis gas outlet, the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with an excrement biochar discharging port, a heat exchange device is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, the lower portion of the heat exchange device is provided with a heat exchange device smoke inlet, the upper portion of the heat exchange device smoke outlet is provided with a heat exchange device smoke outlet, and a second sensor module is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber and used for detecting the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber.
4. The system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water for flushing a toilet by using waste heat through solar energy and pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying chamber is connected with a heat pump chamber to realize low-temperature drying, the heat pump chamber comprises a high-temperature flue gas inlet II, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a wet cold air inlet, a dry hot air outlet, a flue gas heat exchanger, a condensate water outlet, a circulating air pipeline and a heat pump, and the heat pump consists of a fin-type evaporator, a compressor, a fin-type condenser, a throttle valve and a working medium pipeline;
high-temperature flue gas from the outlet of the heat exchange device of the pyrolysis chamber enters the heat pump chamber through the high-temperature flue gas inlet II, passes through the flue gas heat exchanger, is discharged from the low-temperature flue gas outlet and flows to the photocatalytic reactor;
wet and cold air in the drying chamber enters a circulating air pipeline of the heat pump chamber through a wet and cold air inlet by virtue of an air pump, exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas inlet II in the flue gas heat exchanger, sequentially passes through the fin-type evaporator and the fin-type condenser along the circulating air pipeline, and is delivered to the drying chamber through a dry and hot air outlet;
the medium in the heat pump enters the finned condenser along the working medium pipeline after passing through the compressor and then enters the finned evaporator after passing through the throttle valve.
5. The system for preparing the fecal biochar and producing the water for flushing the toilet by the waste heat through the solar energy and the pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein a stirrer is arranged in the urine temporary storage chamber, the bottom of the urine temporary storage chamber is a fecal biochar storage chamber, and a urine inlet and a primary purified water outlet are reserved at the upper part of the urine temporary storage chamber.
6. The system for preparing fecal biochar and producing water to flush toilet according to claim 1, wherein the photocatalytic reactor comprises an ultraviolet lamp tube, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder,
a toilet flushing water outlet is reserved at the upper part of the photocatalytic reactor, a primary purified water inlet is reserved on one side of the bottom, a waste gas inlet is arranged on the side face of the bottom, a noncondensable gas outlet is reserved at the center of the bottom of the photocatalytic reactor, a photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and a photocatalyst coating inner cylinder are sleeved in the photocatalytic reactor, the upper end of the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder is connected with the top end of the photocatalytic reactor, the lower end of the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder is connected with the bottom end of the photocatalytic reactor, lamp tubes are arranged between the photocatalyst coating outer cylinder and the photocatalyst coating inner cylinder, and the number of the lamp tubes is 4-8; the ultraviolet lamp tube is connected with the storage battery through a lead.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114634286A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-17 | 北京科技大学 | System and method for preparing excrement biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat |
| CN115417548A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-02 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Black water in-situ recycling method and equipment |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114634286A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-17 | 北京科技大学 | System and method for preparing excrement biochar and producing water to flush toilet by solar energy and pyrolysis waste heat |
| CN115417548A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-02 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Black water in-situ recycling method and equipment |
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