CN114628885A - Miniaturized comb antenna and vehicle-mounted comb antenna array - Google Patents

Miniaturized comb antenna and vehicle-mounted comb antenna array Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114628885A
CN114628885A CN202011458723.8A CN202011458723A CN114628885A CN 114628885 A CN114628885 A CN 114628885A CN 202011458723 A CN202011458723 A CN 202011458723A CN 114628885 A CN114628885 A CN 114628885A
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comb
branch
miniaturized
antenna
branches
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戴佳伟
李文超
李怡强
赵孔瑞
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Shanghai Geometry Partner Intelligent Driving Co ltd
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Shanghai Geometry Partner Intelligent Driving Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support

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Abstract

The invention provides a miniaturized comb antenna and a vehicle-mounted comb antenna array, wherein the miniaturized comb antenna comprises: a dielectric substrate; the comb-shaped metal strip is laid on the surface of the dielectric substrate and comprises a feeder line and M divergent branches fixed on the feeder line; notches for prolonging the current path are symmetrically arranged on the resonance edge of each branch section; wherein M is greater than 1. The miniaturized comb antenna and the vehicle-mounted comb antenna array reduce the length of the branches by introducing the gaps on the radiation branches, further achieve the purpose of miniaturization, and have the advantages of compact structure, convenience in processing and suitability for large-scale array formation.

Description

Miniaturized comb antenna and vehicle-mounted comb antenna array
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar antennas, relates to an antenna, and particularly relates to a miniaturized comb antenna and a vehicle-mounted comb antenna array.
Background
The comb antenna is a common form of the microstrip antenna, and compared with the traditional antenna, the comb antenna has the advantages of simple processing, low profile, light weight, easy integration with a radio frequency circuit and the like. In recent years, with the progress of a PCB process and the improvement of processing precision, a completely exposed corner of a comb antenna starts on a 77GHz millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar, and an existing comb antenna is beneficial to reducing the influence of a side lobe, but the antenna adopts horizontal polarization, and if the antenna also adopts a horizontally polarized antenna for an oncoming vehicle, interference is easily caused, and in order to avoid the interference, the antenna usually adopts 45 ° polarization, but a general radar antenna adopts 45 ° polarization due to a large size of a radiation branch, and different branches are easy to interfere in array formation, or the branch spacing is too small to realize processing (fig. 1), so that the antenna is often used in a sparse layout (fig. 2), and the requirements of large-scale array formation and equipment miniaturization are often difficult to meet.
Therefore, how to provide a miniaturized comb antenna and a vehicle-mounted comb antenna array to solve the defects that interference is easy to occur during array formation, or due to too small distance, processing is difficult to achieve, large-scale array formation and equipment miniaturization requirements are difficult to meet, and the like in the prior art becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a miniaturized comb antenna and a vehicle-mounted comb antenna array, which are used to solve the problems that interference is easy to occur when the array is formed, or it is difficult to process and implement due to too small pitch, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale array formation and miniaturization of equipment in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, an aspect of the present invention provides a miniaturized comb antenna, comprising: the comb-shaped metal strip is laid on the surface of a dielectric substrate and comprises a feeder line and M divergent branches fixed on the feeder line; notches for prolonging the current path are symmetrically arranged on the resonance edge of each branch section; wherein M is greater than 1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the branches are alternately distributed on both sides of the feeder line; distance between adjacent branchesIs equal to
Figure BDA0002830417740000011
λgRepresenting the medium wavelength.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when M is an odd number, the size of the branches distributed on both sides of the feeder line is symmetric around (M +1)/2 th branch; the (M +1)/2 th branch knot is arranged in the middle of the feeder line.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when M is an even number, the sizes of the branches distributed at both sides of the feeder line are symmetric about the M/2 th and (M +1)/2 th branches; the M/2 th and (M +1)/2 th branches are arranged in the middle of the feeder line.
In an embodiment of the invention, the branch is dumbbell-shaped.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of each dumbbell-shaped branch is equal to
Figure BDA0002830417740000021
λgRepresents a medium wavelength; the width of the branch is determined by a specific weight, and the weight can be obtained by a commonly used amplitude weighting algorithm such as Chebyshev or Taylor according to the sidelobe suppression level required by the antenna.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the length of the gap of the dumbbell-shaped branch is smaller than the length of the branch; the width of the gap of the dumbbell-shaped branch is less than one half of the width of the branch.
In an embodiment of the invention, the width of the feeding line is determined by the characteristic impedance of the comb antenna and the dielectric substrate.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted comb antenna array, comprising: a dielectric substrate; the N dressing metal strips are laid on the surface of the medium substrate and comprise feeder lines and M divergent branches fixed on the feeder lines; notches for prolonging the current path are symmetrically arranged on the resonance edge of each branch section; wherein N is greater than 1 and M is greater than 1.
In an embodiment of the invention, N comb-shaped metal strips are laid in parallel on the dielectric substrate; the N comb-shaped metal strips are arrayed in an equidistant mode.
As described above, the miniaturized comb antenna and the vehicle-mounted vanity antenna array of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
the miniaturized comb antenna and the vehicle-mounted comb antenna array reduce the length of the branches by introducing the gaps on the branches, further achieve the purpose of miniaturization, and have the advantages of compact structure, convenience in processing and suitability for large-scale array formation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation structure of a radar antenna in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another implementation structure of a radar antenna in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a miniaturized comb antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the center frequency and bandwidth of the miniaturized comb antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a gain diagram of the miniaturized comb antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the beam width of the miniaturized comb antenna according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicular combline array in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the center frequency and bandwidth of the vehicular comb antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the gain of the comb antenna array for a vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the beam width of the on-board comb antenna array according to the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
3 miniaturized comb antenna
31 dielectric substrate
32 comb-shaped metal strip
321 feeder line
322 branch knot
3221 resonant edge
3222 gap
7 vehicle-mounted comb antenna array
71 dielectric substrate
72 comb-shaped metal strip
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Example one
The present embodiment provides a miniaturized comb antenna, comprising:
the comb-shaped metal strip is laid on the surface of a dielectric substrate and comprises a feeder line and M divergent branches fixed on the feeder line; notches for prolonging the current path are symmetrically arranged on the resonance edge of each branch section; wherein M is greater than 1.
The miniaturized comb antenna provided by the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The miniaturized comb antenna of the present embodiment can be applied to vehicles (e.g., cars, tanks, armored cars, etc.) or blind guiding devices. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a miniaturized comb antenna in an embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, the miniaturized comb antenna 3 includes a dielectric substrate 31 and a comb-shaped metal strip 32.
In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 31 is a double-sided copper-clad plate, a comb-shaped metal strip 32 is etched on the top surface, and the bottom surface is a complete metal layer.
The dielectric substrate 31 has a relative dielectric constant of 3.04 and a thickness of 0.127mm, and the coated copper foil is a rolled copper foil and has a thickness of 18 um.
Comb-shaped metal strips 32 are laid in parallel on the dielectric substrate 31. The comb-shaped metal strip 32 includes a feeder 321 and radial branches 322 fixed on the feeder 321.
In this embodiment, the width S of the feeding line 321 is determined by the characteristic impedance of the comb antenna and the dielectric substrate.
The number of the branches 322 is M. When M is an odd number, the sizes of the branches distributed on the two sides of the feeder line are symmetrical by taking the (M +1)/2 th branch as a center; the (M +1)/2 th branch knot is arranged in the middle of the feeder line.
When M is an even number, the sizes of the branches distributed on the two sides of the feeder line are centrosymmetric by taking the M/2 th branch and the (M +1)/2 th branch as centers; the M/2 th and (M +1)/2 th branches are arranged in the middle of the feeder line.
A plurality of branches are alternately distributed on two sides of the feeder line, and the distance between adjacent branches is equal to
Figure BDA0002830417740000041
λgRepresenting the medium wavelength.
With continuing reference to fig. 3, the dressing metal strip 32 has 15 branches 322, which are sequentially arranged from left to right, numbered from 1 st to 15 th, with the 8 th branch as the center, and the rest branches are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides.
As shown in fig. 3, notches 3222 for extending the current path are symmetrically disposed on the resonant side 3221 of each branch 322. The length of the branch 322 is mainly determined by the operating frequency of the antenna and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, the length of the branch, that is, the length of the path through which the current passes, is often about half the wavelength of the medium, and is called as the resonant length, and once the dielectric substrate is determined, the resonant length corresponds to the operating frequency one by one. In this embodiment, the notch (fig. 3) is introduced into the branch 322, the current path is extended by using the notch, and on the premise that the branches are equal in length, the notched branch can realize a larger resonance length due to a longer current path, in other words, on the premise that the dielectric substrate is determined, after the working frequency required by the design is determined, the resonance length is determined accordingly, and the notched branch can realize the resonance length of the same size with a shorter length, thereby achieving the purpose of miniaturization.
In this embodiment, the shape of all the branches 322 of the comb-shaped metal strip 32 is preferably dumbbell-shaped, the size of the branch decreases from the 8 th branch to the two ends in turn, and a certain distribution rule is satisfied.
Length L of each dumbbell-shaped branch 322iIs equal to
Figure BDA0002830417740000042
λgRepresents a medium wavelength; width W of branch 322iThe weight of a specific state is determined, and the weight can be obtained by a common amplitude weighting algorithm such as Chebyshev or Taylor according to the sidelobe suppression level required by the antenna. The length CL of the gap of the dumbbell-shaped branchiLess than the length L of the branchi(ii) a Width CW of the gap of said dumbbell-shaped branchiLess than the width W of the branchiOne-half of (1), the specific size can be optimized according to the miniaturization degree required by the design; the distance between adjacent branches is DiIs equal to
Figure BDA0002830417740000051
The center frequency of the miniaturized comb antenna described in this embodiment is 76.5GHz, and the-10 dB bandwidth is about 2GHz as shown in fig. 4. As shown in fig. 5, the gain of the comb antenna is about 15 dBi. As shown in fig. 6, the E-plane 3dB beamwidth of the miniaturized comb antenna is about 11.5 °, the H-plane 3dB beamwidth is about 71 °, and the side lobe suppression level is about-19 dB.
The miniaturized comb antenna of the embodiment reduces the length of the branch knot by introducing the notch on the radiation branch knot, further achieves the purpose of miniaturization, and has the advantages of compact structure, convenience in processing and suitability for large-scale array formation.
Example two
The present embodiment provides an on-vehicle comb antenna array, including:
a dielectric substrate;
the N comb-shaped metal strips are laid on the surface of the dielectric substrate and comprise feeder lines and M divergent branches fixed on the feeder lines; notches for prolonging the current path are symmetrically arranged on the resonance edge of each branch section; wherein N is greater than 1 and M is greater than 1.
Referring to fig. 7, a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicular combline array is shown. The dielectric substrate 71 is a double-sided copper-clad plate, N comb-shaped metal strips 72 are etched on the top surface, for example, as shown in fig. 7, N is 3, and the bottom surface is a complete metal layer.
The dielectric substrate 71 has a relative dielectric constant of 3.04 and a thickness of 0.127mm, and the coated copper foil is a rolled copper foil and has a thickness of 18 um.
The three comb-shaped metal strips 72 are laid on the medium substrate in parallel, and the three comb-shaped metal strips 72 are arrayed in an equidistant mode. For example, the arrays are grouped at a pitch of 1.96 mm.
Each comb-shaped metal strip comprises a feeder line and dumbbell-shaped radiation branches fixed on the feeder line.
In this embodiment, the width of the feeding line is determined by the characteristic impedance of the comb antenna and the dielectric substrate.
The number of the branches is M. When M is an odd number, the sizes of the branches distributed on the two sides of the feeder line are symmetrical by taking the (M +1)/2 th branch as a center; the (M +1)/2 th branch knot is arranged in the middle of the feeder line.
When M is an even number, the sizes of the branches distributed on the two sides of the feeder line are centrosymmetric by taking the M/2 th branch and the (M +1)/2 th branch as centers; the M/2 th and (M +1)/2 th branches are arranged in the middle of the feeder line.
A plurality of branches are alternately distributed on two sides of the feeder line, and the distance between adjacent branches is equal to
Figure BDA0002830417740000052
λgRepresenting the medium wavelength.
Notches for extending current paths are symmetrically arranged on the resonance edge of each branch. The length of the branch is mainly determined by the working frequency of the antenna and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, the length of the branch, namely the length of a path through which current passes, is often about half of the wavelength of the medium and is called as a resonance length, and once the dielectric substrate is determined, the resonance length corresponds to the working frequency one by one. In this embodiment, the notch is introduced into the branch, the current path is extended by the notch, and on the premise that the branch is equal in length, the branch with the notch can realize a larger resonance length due to a longer current path.
Length L of each dumbbell-shaped branchiIs equal to
Figure BDA0002830417740000061
λgRepresents a medium wavelength; width W of branchiThe weight value is determined by a specific weight value, and the weight value can be obtained by a commonly used amplitude weighting algorithm such as Chebyshev or Taylor according to the sidelobe suppression level required by the antenna. The length CL of the gap of the dumbbell-shaped branchiLess than the length L of the branchi(ii) a Width CW of the gap of said dumbbell-shaped branchiLess than the width W of the branchiOne-half of (1), the specific size can be optimized according to the miniaturization degree required by the design; the distance between adjacent branches is DiIs equal to
Figure BDA0002830417740000062
The center frequency of the vehicular combantenna array of the present embodiment is 76.5GHz, and the bandwidth of-10 dB is about 2GHz as shown in fig. 8. As shown in fig. 9, the gain of the comb antenna is about 18.8 dBi. As shown in fig. 10, the E-plane 3dB beamwidth of the miniaturized comb antenna is about 11.4 °, the H-plane 3dB beamwidth is about 32 °, and the side lobe suppression level is about-19 dB.
In summary, the miniaturized comb antenna and the vehicle-mounted comb antenna array of the present invention reduce the length of the branches by introducing the notches into the radiation branches, so as to achieve the purpose of miniaturization. The invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A miniaturized comb antenna, comprising:
the comb-shaped metal strip is laid on the surface of a dielectric substrate and comprises a feeder line and M divergent branches fixed on the feeder line; notches for prolonging the current path are symmetrically arranged on the resonance edge of each branch section; wherein M is greater than 1.
2. The miniaturized comb antenna of claim 1, wherein: the branches are alternately distributed on two sides of the feeder line; the distance between adjacent branches being equal to
Figure FDA0002830417730000011
λgRepresenting the medium wavelength.
3. The miniaturized comb antenna of claim 1, wherein: when M is an odd number, the sizes of the branches distributed on the two sides of the feeder line are symmetrical by taking the (M +1)/2 th branch as a center; the (M +1)/2 th branch knot is arranged in the middle of the feeder line.
4. The miniaturized comb antenna of claim 1, wherein: when M is an even number, the sizes of the branches distributed on the two sides of the feeder line are centrosymmetric by taking the M/2 th branch and the (M +1)/2 th branch as centers; the M/2 th and (M +1)/2 th branches are arranged in the middle of the feeder line.
5. The miniaturized comb antenna of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the branch knot is dumbbell-shaped.
6. The miniaturized comb antenna of claim 6, wherein:
each dumbbell-shaped branch has a length equal to
Figure FDA0002830417730000012
λgRepresents a medium wavelength; the width of the branch is determined by a specific weight, and the weight can be obtained by a commonly used amplitude weighting algorithm such as Chebyshev or Taylor according to the sidelobe suppression level required by the antenna.
7. The miniaturized comb antenna of claim 6, wherein:
the length of the gap of the dumbbell-shaped branch is smaller than that of the branch;
the width of the gap of the dumbbell-shaped branch is less than one half of the width of the branch.
8. The miniaturized comb antenna of claim 1, wherein:
the width of the feed line is determined by the characteristic impedance of the comb antenna and the dielectric substrate.
9. An on-vehicle comb antenna array, comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
the N dressing metal strips are laid on the surface of the medium substrate and comprise feeder lines and M divergent branches fixed on the feeder lines; notches for prolonging the current path are symmetrically arranged on the resonance edge of each branch section; wherein N is greater than 1 and M is greater than 1.
10. The vehicular combantenna array of claim 9, comprising:
n comb-shaped metal strips are laid on the medium substrate in parallel;
the N comb-shaped metal strips are arrayed in an equidistant mode.
CN202011458723.8A 2020-12-11 2020-12-11 Miniaturized comb antenna and vehicle-mounted comb antenna array Pending CN114628885A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011458723.8A CN114628885A (en) 2020-12-11 2020-12-11 Miniaturized comb antenna and vehicle-mounted comb antenna array

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CN114628885A true CN114628885A (en) 2022-06-14

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