EP0468413A2 - Plane antenna with high gain and antenna efficiency - Google Patents
Plane antenna with high gain and antenna efficiency Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0468413A2 EP0468413A2 EP91112254A EP91112254A EP0468413A2 EP 0468413 A2 EP0468413 A2 EP 0468413A2 EP 91112254 A EP91112254 A EP 91112254A EP 91112254 A EP91112254 A EP 91112254A EP 0468413 A2 EP0468413 A2 EP 0468413A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- dielectric body
- upper side
- slot
- current supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microstrip type plane antenna to be utilized in a microwave communication.
- a plane antenna has been developed as an alternative to a parabola antenna for a microwave communication.
- a microstrip type plane antenna shown in Figs. 1 (A) and 1 (B), where the antenna comprises: a dielectric body 2; a grounding conductor body 1 provided on a lower side of the dielectric body 2; a current supply line 5 in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the dielectric body 2; and a patch shaped radiative element 4 provided on the upper side of the dielectric body 2 at an end of the current supply line 5.
- the antenna for practical use actually has a plurality of the patch shaped radiative elements 4 arranged in an array, among which the current supply lines 5 are arranged with their lengths, branching positions, and line widths appropriately adjusted for the sake of phase matching and impedance matching.
- a microstrip type plane antenna shown in Figs. 2(A) and 2(B), where the antenna comprises: a first dielectric body 2; a first grounding conductor body 1 provided on a lower side of the first dielectric body 2; a current supply line 5 in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the first dielectric body 2; a patch shaped radiative element 4 provided on the upper side of the first dielectric body 2 at an end of the current supply line 5; a second dielectric body 21 formed on the upper side of the first dielectric body 2 over the radiative element 4 and the current supply line 5; and a second grounding conductor body 11 provided on the upper side of the second dielectric body 21, which has a slot 3 at a position located directly above the radiative element 4.
- the current supply lines 5 are arranged in a space sandwiched between the first and second grounding conductor bodies 1 and 11, so that the unnecessary radiations from the branching and curving sections of the current supply lines 5 tend to be suppressed by being obstructed by the second grounding conductor body 11 while the radiations from the radiative elements 4 can be transmitted without any obstruction through the slots 3 as shown in Fig. 2(C), such that the antenna efficiency can be improved.
- this microstrip type plane antenna is effective in suppressing the unnecessary radiations from the current supply lines, it is also associated with a problem that the radiation efficiency of this antenna becomes low when the area of the slot 3 is small such that the gain is lower by 1 to 4 dB compared with the antenna of Figs. 1 (A) and 1 (B). If the area of the slot 3 is increased, the gain may be improved, but the effect of suppressing the unnecessary radiations from the current supply line would be weakened such that the antenna gain becomes low.
- a plane antenna formed by a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array, each of the antenna units comprising: a first dielectric body; a first grounding conductor body provided on a lower side of the first dielectric body; a current supply line in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the first dielectric body; a patch shaped radiative element provided on the upper side of the first dielectric body at an end of the current supply line; a second dielectric body formed on the upper side of the first dielectric body over the radiative element and the current supply line; and a second grounding conductor body provided on the upper side of the second dielectric body, which has a slot at a position located directly above the radiative element; wherein the radiative elements and the slots of the plane antenna are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval in two orthogonal directions, where the constant interval has a value equal to 0.72 to 0.93 times a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for waves to be
- an array antenna formed by a plurality of plane antennas arranged in an array, each of the plane antennas being formed by a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array, each of the antenna units comprising: a first dielectric body; a first grounding conductor body provided on a lower side of the first dielectric body; a current supply line in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the first dielectric body; a patch shaped radiative element provided on the upper side of the first dielectric body at an end of the current supply line; a second dielectric body formed on the upper side of the first dielectric body over the radiative element and the current supply line; and a second grounding conductor body provided on the upper side of the second dielectric body, which has a slot at a position located directly above the radiative element; wherein the radiative elements and the slots of the plane antenna are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval in two orthogonal directions, where the constant interval has a value equal to 0.72 to
- a first embodiment of a microstrip type plane antenna according to the present invention will be described in detail.
- a microstrip type plane antenna 10 is formed from a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array, each of which comprises: a first dielectric body 2; a first grounding conductor body 1 provided on a lower side of the first dielectric body 2; a current supply line 5 in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the first dielectric body 2; a patch shaped radiative element 4 provided on the upper side of the first dielectric body 2 at an end of the current supply line 5; a second dielectric body 21 formed on the upper side of the first dielectric body 2 over the radiative element 4 and the current supply line 5; and a second grounding conductor body 11 provided on the upper side of the second dielectric body 21, which has a slot 3 at a position located directly above the radiative element 4.
- the radiative elements 4 and the slots 3 are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval d in both of longitudinal and transverse directions, where a value of this interval d is set equal to 0.72 to 0.93 or more preferably 0.85 to 0.93 times a wavelength X o corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstrip type plane antenna 10, for the following reason.
- the present inventors conducted an experiment to determine a relationship between a relative slot pitch D/X o and the radiation gain for two cases shown in Figs. 4(A) and 4(B).
- the radiative element 4 has one slot 3 located directly above it and another slot 31 located at a distance D from the slot 3 in a longitudinal or a transverse direction
- the radiative element 4 has one slot 3 located directly above it and another slot 32 located at a distance D from the slot 3 in a diagonal direction.
- phase of the waves radiated from the slot 31 or 32 and the phase of the waves radiated from the slot 3 are substantially aligned with each other only for the relative slot pitch D/X o within a range of 0.72 to 0.93, and that the gain is affected by the phase difference between these waves for the relative slot pitch D/X o outside of this range.
- a case shown in Fig. 6 in which the radiative element 4 has one slot 3 located directly above it and eight other slots neighboring to this slot 3 in the longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal directions is considered, and a range of the relative slot pitch D/X o for which the gain can be greater than that obtained by a single slot and for which the antenna efficiency can be greater than 60% is evaluated to be a range of 0.85 to 0.93.
- this range is selected as an appropriate one for the interval d between the slots 3 in the first embodiment shown in Figs. 3(A) and 3(B).
- the radiative elements 4 and the slots 3 are arranged in an array with such an interval for which the phase of the waves radiated from one slot can be aligned with the phase of the waves radiated from adjacent slots, so that it becomes possible to realize a high antenna gain while retaining a feature to suppress the unnecessary radiation from the current supply lines for the sake of the antenna efficiency.
- each slot 3 is selected to be a square having a length of each side equal to 0.48 to 0.65 times a wavelength X o corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstrip type plane antenna 10, for the following reason.
- the present inventors also conducted an experiment to determine a relationship of a relative slot size l/ ⁇ with respect to the gain per antenna including 384 radiative elements which is indicated by an upper curve, or with respect to the gain per single radiative element which is indicated by a lower curve.
- this range is selected as an appropriate one for the slot size of the slots 3 in the first embodiment shown in Figs. 3(A) and 3(B).
- the antenna efficiency in this first embodiment can be further improved by adopting the slot size within this range.
- each slot 3 may be selected to be a circular disk having a diameter equal to 0.48 to 0.65 times a wavelength X o corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstrip type plane antenna 10, instead of the square shape as described above and depicted in the drawings.
- each radiative element 4 in this first embodiment can be selected from various shapes shown in Figs. 8(A) to 8(F).
- the patch shaped radiative element of a square shape as shown in Fig. 8(A) or of a circular disk shape as shown in Fig, 8(B) may be employed.
- the two-point current supply type radiative element of a square shape as shown in Fig. 8(C) or of a circular disk shape as shown in Fig, 8(D), to which two current supply lines with 90° phase difference are attached may be employed.
- the one-point current supply type radiative element incorporating a so called perturbation in which a ratio with respect to the longitudinal and transverse directions is altered such as those shown in Fig. 8(E) and Fig. 8(F) may be employed instead.
- microstrip type plane antenna 10 of this first embodiment has been actually constructed as follows.
- the first grounding conductor body 1 is formed from an aluminum plate of 140 mm x 140 mm size and 3 mm thickness.
- the first dielectric body 2 is formed from a polyethylene foam of 2 mm thickness having the relative dielectric constant approximately equal to 1.1 which is covered on its upper side by a substrate formed by a copper foil attached to a polyethylene film of 25 ⁇ m thickness, where the antenna circuit including the radiative elements 4 and the current supply lines 5 are formed on this substrate by etching off the unnecessary parts of the copper foil from the substrate.
- the second dielectric body 21 is formed from a polyethylene foam of 2 mm thickness having the relative dielectric constant approximately equal to 1.1, and the second grounding conductor body 11 is formed from an aluminum plate of 0.5 mm thickness, on which the slots 3 are formed at positions located directly above the radiative elements 4.
- the measured antenna gain of this microstrip type plane antenna was 19.5 dB, according to which the gain per single radiative element has been improved by approximately 3 dB compared with a case of the radiative element having only one slot directly above it.
- Figs. 3(A) and 3(B) just described above are arranged in a square array as shown in Fig. 9, with a current supply point located at a center of the square array to form an array antenna.
- the measured antenna gain of this array antenna was 33.2 dB, according to which the gain per single radiative element has been improved by approximately 3.3 dB compared with a case of the radiative element having only one slot directly above it.
- each slot 3 is selected to be a circular disk having a diameter equal to 0.51 times the aforementioned wavelength X o was also constructed, and the result similar to that obtained by the configuration of Figs. 3(A) and 3(B) were also obtained.
- FIG. 10(A) and 10(B) a second embodiment of a microstrip type plane antenna according to the present invention will be described in detail.
- a microstrip type plane antenna is formed from a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array, each of which comprises: a first dielectric body 2; a first grounding conductor body 1 provided on a lower side of the first dielectric body 2; a current supply line 5 in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the first dielectric body 2; a patch shaped radiative element 4 provided on the upper side of the first dielectric body 2 at an end of the current supply line 5; a second dielectric body 21 formed on the upper side of the first dielectric body 2 over the radiative element 4 and the current supply line 5; a second grounding conductor body 11 provided on the upper side of the second dielectric body 21, which has a slot 3 at a position located directly above the radiative element 4; a third dielectric body 22 formed on the upper side of the second grounding conductor body 11; and a passive element 6 provided on the upper side of the third dielectric body 22 at a position directly
- the radiative elements 4 and the slots 3 are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval d in both of longitudinal and transverse directions, where a value of this interval d is set equal to 0.72 to 0.93 or more preferably 0.85 to 0.93 times a wavelength X o corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstrip type plane antenna, as in the first embodiment described above.
- each slot 3 is selected to be a square having a length of each side equal to 0.48 to 0.65 times a wavelength X o corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstrip type plane antenna 10, as in the first embodiment described above.
- the additional feature of the passive element 6 in this second embodiment has the following effect.
- the present inventors conducted an experiment to determine a relationship of a relative slot size l/ ⁇ and the gain for a case using the passive element 6 and a case not using the passive element 6.
- each passive element 6 in this second embodiment can be selected to be any shape used for the usual radiative element, such as a square shape or a circular disk shape.
- microstrip type plane antenna of this second embodiment has been actually constructed as follows.
- the third dielectric body 22 is formed from a polyethylene foam of 2 mm thickness having the relative dielectric constant approximately equal to 1.1 which is covered on its upper side by a substrate formed by a copper foil attached to a polyethylene film of 25 /1.m thickness, where the passive element 6 is formed on this substrate by etching off the unnecessary parts of the copper foil from the substrate at a position located directly above the slot 3 and the radiative element 4.
- the antenna efficiency in of the microstrip type plane antenna can be further improved by using the additional passive element.
- the radiative elements 4 in the above described embodiments may be arranged in units of pairs, as shown in Fig. 12. Namely, one radiative element 4a and another ad- lacent radiative element 4b may be arranged such that the radiative element 4a is rotated by 90 with respect to the radiative element 4b, and the radiative element 4a is connected to the common single current supply line 5 a branch 5a while the radiative element 4b is connected to the common single current supply line 5 through another branch 5b which is longer than the branch 5a such that the phases from the radiative elements 4a and 4b can be matched at the common single current supply line 5.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a microstrip type plane antenna to be utilized in a microwave communication.
- A plane antenna has been developed as an alternative to a parabola antenna for a microwave communication.
- As an example of such a plane antenna, there is a microstrip type plane antenna shown in Figs. 1 (A) and 1 (B), where the antenna comprises: a
dielectric body 2; agrounding conductor body 1 provided on a lower side of thedielectric body 2; acurrent supply line 5 in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of thedielectric body 2; and a patch shapedradiative element 4 provided on the upper side of thedielectric body 2 at an end of thecurrent supply line 5. The antenna for practical use actually has a plurality of the patch shapedradiative elements 4 arranged in an array, among which thecurrent supply lines 5 are arranged with their lengths, branching positions, and line widths appropriately adjusted for the sake of phase matching and impedance matching. - However, in this type of a microstrip type plane antenna, the
current supply lines 5 are exposed on the radiation plane, so that there are unnecessary radiations radiated from branching and curving sections of thecurrent supply lines 5. As a result, the radiation characteristic has been rather low in this type of a microstrip type plane antenna. - As an improvement on such a conventional microstrip type plane antenna, there has been a proposition of a microstrip type plane antenna shown in Figs. 2(A) and 2(B), where the antenna comprises: a first
dielectric body 2; a firstgrounding conductor body 1 provided on a lower side of the firstdielectric body 2; acurrent supply line 5 in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the firstdielectric body 2; a patch shapedradiative element 4 provided on the upper side of the firstdielectric body 2 at an end of thecurrent supply line 5; a seconddielectric body 21 formed on the upper side of the firstdielectric body 2 over theradiative element 4 and thecurrent supply line 5; and a secondgrounding conductor body 11 provided on the upper side of the seconddielectric body 21, which has aslot 3 at a position located directly above theradiative element 4. - In a microstrip type plane antenna formed from a plurality of such antenna units arranged in an array, the
current supply lines 5 are arranged in a space sandwiched between the first and secondgrounding conductor bodies current supply lines 5 tend to be suppressed by being obstructed by the secondgrounding conductor body 11 while the radiations from theradiative elements 4 can be transmitted without any obstruction through theslots 3 as shown in Fig. 2(C), such that the antenna efficiency can be improved. - Although this microstrip type plane antenna is effective in suppressing the unnecessary radiations from the current supply lines, it is also associated with a problem that the radiation efficiency of this antenna becomes low when the area of the
slot 3 is small such that the gain is lower by 1 to 4 dB compared with the antenna of Figs. 1 (A) and 1 (B). If the area of theslot 3 is increased, the gain may be improved, but the effect of suppressing the unnecessary radiations from the current supply line would be weakened such that the antenna gain becomes low. - It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a plane antenna with high gain and antenna efficiency.
- According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a plane antenna formed by a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array, each of the antenna units comprising: a first dielectric body; a first grounding conductor body provided on a lower side of the first dielectric body; a current supply line in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the first dielectric body; a patch shaped radiative element provided on the upper side of the first dielectric body at an end of the current supply line; a second dielectric body formed on the upper side of the first dielectric body over the radiative element and the current supply line; and a second grounding conductor body provided on the upper side of the second dielectric body, which has a slot at a position located directly above the radiative element; wherein the radiative elements and the slots of the plane antenna are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval in two orthogonal directions, where the constant interval has a value equal to 0.72 to 0.93 times a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for waves to be used.
- According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an array antenna formed by a plurality of plane antennas arranged in an array, each of the plane antennas being formed by a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array, each of the antenna units comprising: a first dielectric body; a first grounding conductor body provided on a lower side of the first dielectric body; a current supply line in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the first dielectric body; a patch shaped radiative element provided on the upper side of the first dielectric body at an end of the current supply line; a second dielectric body formed on the upper side of the first dielectric body over the radiative element and the current supply line; and a second grounding conductor body provided on the upper side of the second dielectric body, which has a slot at a position located directly above the radiative element; wherein the radiative elements and the slots of the plane antenna are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval in two orthogonal directions, where the constant interval has a value equal to 0.72 to 0.93 times a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for waves to be used.
- Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
- Figs. 1 (A) and 1 (B) are a top plan view and a cross sectional view, respectively, of an example of a conventional microstrip type plane antenna.
- Figs. 2(A) and 2(B) are a top plan view and a cross sectional view, respectively, of another example of a conventional microstrip type plane antenna.
- Fig. 2(C) is a cross sectional view of a conventional microstrip type plane antenna constructed from antenna units in a form shown in Figs. 2(A) and 2(B).
- Figs. 3(A) and 3(B) are a top plan view and a cross sectional view, respectively, of a first embodiment of a microstrip type plane antenna according to the present invention.
- Figs. 4(A) and 4(B) are top plan views of two configurations of adjacent slots for which a relationship between the gain and the relative slot pitch is examined.
- Fig. 5 is a graph of a relationship between the gain and the relative slot pitch obtained for the two configurations of Figs. 4(A) and 4(B).
- Fig. 6 is a top plan view of a configuration of neighboring slots for which a relationship between the gain and the relative slot pitch is evaluated.
- Fig. 7 is a graph of a relationship between the gain and the relative slot size obtained for an antenna and for a single radiative element.
- Figs. 8(A) to 8(F) are illustration of various possible shapes for the radiative element in the microstrip type plane antenna of Figs. 3(A) and 3-(B).
- Fig. 9 is a top plan view of an array antenna formed by arranging a plurality of the microstrip type plane antennas of Figs. 3(A) and 3(B) in an array.
- Figs. 10(A) and 10(B) are a cross sectional view and a top plan view, respectively, of a second embodiment of a microstrip type plane antenna according to the present invention.
- Fig. 11 is a graph of a relationship between the gain and the relative slot size obtained for a case using the passive element and for a case not using the passive element.
- Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram for a possible arrangement in pair of two radiative elements in the microstrip type plane antenna according to the present invention.
- Referring now to Figs. 3(A) and 3(B), a first embodiment of a microstrip type plane antenna according to the present invention will be described in detail.
- In this first embodiment shown in Figs. 3(A) and 3(B), a microstrip
type plane antenna 10 is formed from a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array, each of which comprises: a firstdielectric body 2; a firstgrounding conductor body 1 provided on a lower side of the firstdielectric body 2; acurrent supply line 5 in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the firstdielectric body 2; a patch shapedradiative element 4 provided on the upper side of the firstdielectric body 2 at an end of thecurrent supply line 5; a seconddielectric body 21 formed on the upper side of the firstdielectric body 2 over theradiative element 4 and thecurrent supply line 5; and a secondgrounding conductor body 11 provided on the upper side of the seconddielectric body 21, which has aslot 3 at a position located directly above theradiative element 4. - In this microstrip
type plane antenna 10, theradiative elements 4 and theslots 3 are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval d in both of longitudinal and transverse directions, where a value of this interval d is set equal to 0.72 to 0.93 or more preferably 0.85 to 0.93 times a wavelength Xo corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstriptype plane antenna 10, for the following reason. - Namely, the present inventors conducted an experiment to determine a relationship between a relative slot pitch D/Xo and the radiation gain for two cases shown in Figs. 4(A) and 4(B). In a case shown in Fig. 4(A), the
radiative element 4 has oneslot 3 located directly above it and anotherslot 31 located at a distance D from theslot 3 in a longitudinal or a transverse direction, while in a case shown in Fig. 4(B), theradiative element 4 has oneslot 3 located directly above it and anotherslot 32 located at a distance D from theslot 3 in a diagonal direction. - The result obtained by this experiment is shown in Fig. 5 along with a case in which the
radiative element 4 has only oneslot 3 located directly above it. According to this result shown in Fig. 5, it can be observed that the gain for the case of Fig. 4(A) or the case of Fig. 4(B) becomes greater than the case of using a single slot only for the relative slot pitch D/Xo within a range of 0.72 to 0.93. - This result implies that the phase of the waves radiated from the
slot slot 3 are substantially aligned with each other only for the relative slot pitch D/Xo within a range of 0.72 to 0.93, and that the gain is affected by the phase difference between these waves for the relative slot pitch D/Xo outside of this range. - On a basis of this observation, a case shown in Fig. 6 in which the
radiative element 4 has oneslot 3 located directly above it and eight other slots neighboring to thisslot 3 in the longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal directions is considered, and a range of the relative slot pitch D/Xo for which the gain can be greater than that obtained by a single slot and for which the antenna efficiency can be greater than 60% is evaluated to be a range of 0.85 to 0.93. - For this reason, this range is selected as an appropriate one for the interval d between the
slots 3 in the first embodiment shown in Figs. 3(A) and 3(B). Thus, in this first embodiment, theradiative elements 4 and theslots 3 are arranged in an array with such an interval for which the phase of the waves radiated from one slot can be aligned with the phase of the waves radiated from adjacent slots, so that it becomes possible to realize a high antenna gain while retaining a feature to suppress the unnecessary radiation from the current supply lines for the sake of the antenna efficiency. - Also, in this first embodiment, the shape of each
slot 3 is selected to be a square having a length of each side equal to 0.48 to 0.65 times a wavelength Xo corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstriptype plane antenna 10, for the following reason. - Namely, the present inventors also conducted an experiment to determine a relationship of a relative slot size ℓ/λ⌀ with respect to the gain per antenna including 384 radiative elements which is indicated by an upper curve, or with respect to the gain per single radiative element which is indicated by a lower curve.
- The result obtained by this experiment is shown in Fig. 7, from which it can be observed that the gain per single radiative element becomes greater than a conventionally attainable 8 dB for the relative slot size ℓ/λφ within a range of 0.48 to 0.65, with a peak at a value approximately equal to 0.59.
- For this reason, this range is selected as an appropriate one for the slot size of the
slots 3 in the first embodiment shown in Figs. 3(A) and 3(B). Thus, the antenna efficiency in this first embodiment can be further improved by adopting the slot size within this range. - Here, it is to be noted that the shape of each
slot 3 may be selected to be a circular disk having a diameter equal to 0.48 to 0.65 times a wavelength Xo corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstriptype plane antenna 10, instead of the square shape as described above and depicted in the drawings. - It is also to be noted that the shape of each
radiative element 4 in this first embodiment can be selected from various shapes shown in Figs. 8(A) to 8(F). In a case of dealing with linearly polarized waves, the patch shaped radiative element of a square shape as shown in Fig. 8(A) or of a circular disk shape as shown in Fig, 8(B) may be employed. In a case of dealing with circularly polarized waves, the two-point current supply type radiative element of a square shape as shown in Fig. 8(C) or of a circular disk shape as shown in Fig, 8(D), to which two current supply lines with 90° phase difference are attached, may be employed. Also, in this case, the one-point current supply type radiative element incorporating a so called perturbation in which a ratio with respect to the longitudinal and transverse directions is altered, such as those shown in Fig. 8(E) and Fig. 8(F) may be employed instead. - More specifically, the microstrip
type plane antenna 10 of this first embodiment has been actually constructed as follows. - In a configuration shown in Figs. 3(A) and 3(B), the first
grounding conductor body 1 is formed from an aluminum plate of 140 mm x 140 mm size and 3 mm thickness. The firstdielectric body 2 is formed from a polyethylene foam of 2 mm thickness having the relative dielectric constant approximately equal to 1.1 which is covered on its upper side by a substrate formed by a copper foil attached to a polyethylene film of 25 µm thickness, where the antenna circuit including theradiative elements 4 and thecurrent supply lines 5 are formed on this substrate by etching off the unnecessary parts of the copper foil from the substrate. The seconddielectric body 21 is formed from a polyethylene foam of 2 mm thickness having the relative dielectric constant approximately equal to 1.1, and the secondgrounding conductor body 11 is formed from an aluminum plate of 0.5 mm thickness, on which theslots 3 are formed at positions located directly above theradiative elements 4. - Here, a number of the
radiative elements 4 and a number ofslots 3 are sixteen respectively, and these sixteenradiative elements 4 and sixteenslots 3 are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval d in both of longitudinal and transverse directions, where a value of this interval d is set equal to 0.89 times a wavelength Xo = 11.85 GHz corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstriptype plane antenna 10, while the shape of eachslot 3 is selected to be a square having a length of each side equal to 0.51 times the aforementioned wavelength Xo, which takes a value of 13 mm. - The measured antenna gain of this microstrip type plane antenna was 19.5 dB, according to which the gain per single radiative element has been improved by approximately 3 dB compared with a case of the radiative element having only one slot directly above it.
- Also, twenty-four of the antennas with a configuration of Figs. 3(A) and 3(B) just described above are arranged in a square array as shown in Fig. 9, with a current supply point located at a center of the square array to form an array antenna. The measured antenna gain of this array antenna was 33.2 dB, according to which the gain per single radiative element has been improved by approximately 3.3 dB compared with a case of the radiative element having only one slot directly above it.
- In addition, the antenna with a configuration similar to that shown in Figs. 3(A) and 3(B) except that the shape of each
slot 3 is selected to be a circular disk having a diameter equal to 0.51 times the aforementioned wavelength Xo was also constructed, and the result similar to that obtained by the configuration of Figs. 3(A) and 3(B) were also obtained. - Referring now to Figs. 10(A) and 10(B), a second embodiment of a microstrip type plane antenna according to the present invention will be described in detail.
- In this second embodiment shown in Figs. 10-(A) and 10(B), a microstrip type plane antenna is formed from a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array, each of which comprises: a first
dielectric body 2; a firstgrounding conductor body 1 provided on a lower side of the firstdielectric body 2; acurrent supply line 5 in a form of a strip line provided on an upper side of the firstdielectric body 2; a patch shapedradiative element 4 provided on the upper side of the firstdielectric body 2 at an end of thecurrent supply line 5; a seconddielectric body 21 formed on the upper side of the firstdielectric body 2 over theradiative element 4 and thecurrent supply line 5; a secondgrounding conductor body 11 provided on the upper side of the seconddielectric body 21, which has aslot 3 at a position located directly above theradiative element 4; a thirddielectric body 22 formed on the upper side of the secondgrounding conductor body 11; and apassive element 6 provided on the upper side of the thirddielectric body 22 at a position directly above theslot 3. - In this microstrip type plane antenna, the
radiative elements 4 and theslots 3 are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval d in both of longitudinal and transverse directions, where a value of this interval d is set equal to 0.72 to 0.93 or more preferably 0.85 to 0.93 times a wavelength Xo corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstrip type plane antenna, as in the first embodiment described above. - Also, in this second embodiment, the shape of each
slot 3 is selected to be a square having a length of each side equal to 0.48 to 0.65 times a wavelength Xo corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstriptype plane antenna 10, as in the first embodiment described above. - The additional feature of the
passive element 6 in this second embodiment has the following effect. - Namely, the present inventors conducted an experiment to determine a relationship of a relative slot size ℓ/λφ and the gain for a case using the
passive element 6 and a case not using thepassive element 6. - The result obtained by this experiment is shown in Fig. 11 along with a case of using an optimized microstrip structure, from which it can be observed that the gain becomes greater for the case using the
passive element 6 compared with the case not using thepassive element 6, for smaller slot sizes. - Here, it is to be noted that the shape of each
passive element 6 in this second embodiment can be selected to be any shape used for the usual radiative element, such as a square shape or a circular disk shape. - More specifically, the microstrip type plane antenna of this second embodiment has been actually constructed as follows.
- In addition to the specific construction of the microstrip
type plane antenna 10 of the first embodiment described above, the thirddielectric body 22 is formed from a polyethylene foam of 2 mm thickness having the relative dielectric constant approximately equal to 1.1 which is covered on its upper side by a substrate formed by a copper foil attached to a polyethylene film of 25 /1.m thickness, where thepassive element 6 is formed on this substrate by etching off the unnecessary parts of the copper foil from the substrate at a position located directly above theslot 3 and theradiative element 4. - The value of the interval d is set equal to 0.89 times a wavelength Xo = 11.85 GHz corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for the waves to be transmitted or received by this microstrip type plane antenna, while the shape of each
slot 3 is selected to be a square having a length of each side equal to 0.51 times the aforementioned wavelength Xo, which takes a value of 13 mm, as in the case of the first embodiment described above. - With this microstrip type plane antenna of the second embodiment, the result similar to that obtained by the configuration of Figs. 3(A) and 3(B) were also obtained.
- Thus, in this second embodiment, the antenna efficiency in of the microstrip type plane antenna can be further improved by using the additional passive element.
- It is to be noted that the
radiative elements 4 in the above described embodiments may be arranged in units of pairs, as shown in Fig. 12. Namely, oneradiative element 4a and another ad-lacent radiative element 4b may be arranged such that theradiative element 4a is rotated by 90 with respect to theradiative element 4b, and theradiative element 4a is connected to the common singlecurrent supply line 5 abranch 5a while theradiative element 4b is connected to the common singlecurrent supply line 5 through anotherbranch 5b which is longer than thebranch 5a such that the phases from theradiative elements current supply line 5. - It is also to be noted that, besides those already mentioned above, many modifications and variations of the above embodiments may be made without departing from the novel and advantageous features of the present invention. Accordingly, all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (12)
wherein the radiative elements and the slots of the plane antenna are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval in two orthogonal directions, where the constant interval has a value equal to 0.72 to 0.93 times a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for waves to be used.
wherein the radiative elements and the slots of the plane antenna are arranged in a planar array with a constant interval in two orthogonal directions, where the constant interval has a value equal to 0.72 to 0.93 times a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency of a frequency band for waves to be used.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2196903A JP2846081B2 (en) | 1990-07-25 | 1990-07-25 | Triplate type planar antenna |
JP196903/90 | 1990-07-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0468413A2 true EP0468413A2 (en) | 1992-01-29 |
EP0468413A3 EP0468413A3 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
EP0468413B1 EP0468413B1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
Family
ID=16365566
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91112254A Expired - Lifetime EP0468413B1 (en) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-07-22 | Plane antenna with high gain and antenna efficiency |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0468413B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2846081B2 (en) |
KR (3) | KR100313264B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69118037T2 (en) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1018778A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-12 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Multi-layered patch antenna |
US6295295B1 (en) | 1995-11-27 | 2001-09-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Scheduler for an information packet switch |
WO2003003507A1 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2003-01-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Phased array antenna |
WO2004070878A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-19 | Ems Technologies, Inc. | Low-cost antenna array |
US6947008B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2005-09-20 | Ems Technologies, Inc. | Conformable layered antenna array |
US7345632B2 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2008-03-18 | Nortel Networks Limited | Multibeam planar antenna structure and method of fabrication |
EP2015396A3 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2009-07-29 | Sony Deutschland GmbH | Circular polarised array antenna |
US20190123448A1 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2019-04-25 | Rogers Corporation | Electromagnetic reflector for use in a dielectric resonator antenna system |
CN111883938A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Single-feed-point array combined phased-array antenna |
US10892544B2 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2021-01-12 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric resonator antenna having first and second dielectric portions |
US10892556B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2021-01-12 | Rogers Corporation | Broadband multiple layer dielectric resonator antenna |
US11031697B2 (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2021-06-08 | Rogers Corporation | Electromagnetic device |
US11108159B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2021-08-31 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric resonator antenna system |
US11283189B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 | 2022-03-22 | Rogers Corporation | Connected dielectric resonator antenna array and method of making the same |
US11367959B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2022-06-21 | Rogers Corporation | Broadband multiple layer dielectric resonator antenna and method of making the same |
US11367960B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2022-06-21 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric resonator antenna and method of making the same |
US11482790B2 (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2022-10-25 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric lens and electromagnetic device with same |
US11616302B2 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2023-03-28 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric resonator antenna having first and second dielectric portions |
US11637377B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2023-04-25 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric electromagnetic structure and method of making the same |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006098054A1 (en) | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-21 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Planar antenna module, triplate planar array antenna, and triplate line-waveguide converter |
JP4562611B2 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2010-10-13 | 日本無線株式会社 | Circularly polarized patch antenna and circularly polarized array antenna |
KR101589872B1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-02-01 | 주식회사 아이두잇 | Flat antenna and system for transporting satellite signal comprising such flat antenna |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0207029A2 (en) * | 1985-06-25 | 1986-12-30 | Communications Satellite Corporation | Electromagnetically coupled microstrip antennas having feeding patches capacitively coupled to feedlines |
EP0345454A1 (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-12-13 | Yagi Antenna Co., Ltd. | Microstrip array antenna |
EP0414266A1 (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1991-02-27 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Stripline patch antenna with slot plate |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6365703A (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1988-03-24 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Planar antenna |
JPS63199503A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-18 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> | Microstrip antenna |
JP2785825B2 (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1998-08-13 | ソニー株式会社 | Planar antenna |
JPH01198806A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1989-08-10 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Planar antenna |
JPH02168703A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1990-06-28 | Toshiba Corp | Plane antenna and its production |
-
1990
- 1990-07-25 JP JP2196903A patent/JP2846081B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-07-22 EP EP91112254A patent/EP0468413B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-22 DE DE69118037T patent/DE69118037T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-25 KR KR1019910012825A patent/KR100313264B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-25 KR KR1019910012825D patent/KR930010834B1/en active
-
1994
- 1994-12-30 KR KR1019940039296A patent/KR950003960B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0207029A2 (en) * | 1985-06-25 | 1986-12-30 | Communications Satellite Corporation | Electromagnetically coupled microstrip antennas having feeding patches capacitively coupled to feedlines |
EP0345454A1 (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-12-13 | Yagi Antenna Co., Ltd. | Microstrip array antenna |
EP0414266A1 (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1991-02-27 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Stripline patch antenna with slot plate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING. vol. 34, no. 4, December 1988, NEW YORK US pages 457 - 464; ITO ET AL.: 'PLANAR ANTENNAS FOR SATELLITE RECEPTION' * |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6295295B1 (en) | 1995-11-27 | 2001-09-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Scheduler for an information packet switch |
EP1018778A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-12 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Multi-layered patch antenna |
WO2003003507A1 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2003-01-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Phased array antenna |
US7158081B2 (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2007-01-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Phased array antenna |
WO2004070878A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-19 | Ems Technologies, Inc. | Low-cost antenna array |
US6947008B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2005-09-20 | Ems Technologies, Inc. | Conformable layered antenna array |
US7345632B2 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2008-03-18 | Nortel Networks Limited | Multibeam planar antenna structure and method of fabrication |
EP2015396A3 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2009-07-29 | Sony Deutschland GmbH | Circular polarised array antenna |
US11367959B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2022-06-21 | Rogers Corporation | Broadband multiple layer dielectric resonator antenna and method of making the same |
US10892556B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2021-01-12 | Rogers Corporation | Broadband multiple layer dielectric resonator antenna |
US11367960B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2022-06-21 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric resonator antenna and method of making the same |
US20190123448A1 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2019-04-25 | Rogers Corporation | Electromagnetic reflector for use in a dielectric resonator antenna system |
US11876295B2 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2024-01-16 | Rogers Corporation | Electromagnetic reflector for use in a dielectric resonator antenna system |
US11283189B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 | 2022-03-22 | Rogers Corporation | Connected dielectric resonator antenna array and method of making the same |
US11108159B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2021-08-31 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric resonator antenna system |
US10892544B2 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2021-01-12 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric resonator antenna having first and second dielectric portions |
US11616302B2 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2023-03-28 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric resonator antenna having first and second dielectric portions |
US11031697B2 (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2021-06-08 | Rogers Corporation | Electromagnetic device |
US11637377B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2023-04-25 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric electromagnetic structure and method of making the same |
US11482790B2 (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2022-10-25 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric lens and electromagnetic device with same |
CN111883938B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-06-14 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Single feed point array combined phased array antenna |
CN111883938A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Single-feed-point array combined phased-array antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR920003578A (en) | 1992-02-29 |
JP2846081B2 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
KR930010834B1 (en) | 1993-11-12 |
DE69118037T2 (en) | 1996-08-01 |
KR950003960B1 (en) | 1995-04-21 |
JPH0482405A (en) | 1992-03-16 |
DE69118037D1 (en) | 1996-04-25 |
EP0468413A3 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
EP0468413B1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
KR100313264B1 (en) | 2001-12-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5278569A (en) | Plane antenna with high gain and antenna efficiency | |
EP0468413A2 (en) | Plane antenna with high gain and antenna efficiency | |
US4401988A (en) | Coupled multilayer microstrip antenna | |
US6281843B1 (en) | Planar broadband dipole antenna for linearly polarized waves | |
US5307075A (en) | Directional microstrip antenna with stacked planar elements | |
US4125838A (en) | Dual asymmetrically fed electric microstrip dipole antennas | |
US6043785A (en) | Broadband fixed-radius slot antenna arrangement | |
US5786793A (en) | Compact antenna for circular polarization | |
US6166701A (en) | Dual polarization antenna array with radiating slots and notch dipole elements sharing a common aperture | |
US5410323A (en) | Planar antenna | |
US6087989A (en) | Cavity-backed microstrip dipole antenna array | |
US5187490A (en) | Stripline patch antenna with slot plate | |
JP2862265B2 (en) | Planar antenna | |
WO2005074073A1 (en) | Antenna arrays using long slot apertures and balanced feeds | |
EP1493205B1 (en) | Horizontally polarized endfire antenna array | |
US4918457A (en) | Antenna formed of strip transmission lines with non-conductive coupling | |
US4740793A (en) | Antenna elements and arrays | |
US5416490A (en) | Broadband quasi-microstrip antenna | |
US5559523A (en) | Layered antenna | |
CN112803159A (en) | Feed linear array and radar antenna | |
CN110165406A (en) | A kind of directional diagram reconstructable aerial unit and phased array | |
US11189939B2 (en) | Dual-polarized wide-bandwidth antenna | |
US4219820A (en) | Coupling compensation device for circularly polarized horn antenna array | |
EP0414266B1 (en) | Stripline patch antenna with slot plate | |
CN219833013U (en) | Broadband series-fed low-sidelobe microstrip array structure |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19910722 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19940610 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69118037 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19960425 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20100805 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20100714 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20100721 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 69118037 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 69118037 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20110721 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20110721 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20110723 |