EP0414266B1

EP0414266B1 - Stripline patch antenna with slot plate

Info

Publication number: EP0414266B1
Application number: EP90116272A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Masahiko Ohta; Kazuo Kaneko; Hiroyuki Iyama; Seizi Kado; Mituru Hirao; Hironori Ishizaka; Ken Ji Ohmaru; Takao Murata
Original assignee: Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd; Nippon Hoso Kyokai NHK; Japan Broadcasting Corp
Current assignee: Japan Broadcasting Corp; Showa Denko Materials Co ltd
Priority date: 1989-08-25
Filing date: 1990-08-24
Publication date: 1995-11-08
Anticipated expiration: 2010-08-24
Also published as: JPH0382205A; DE69023427T2; EP0414266A1; KR910005515A; DE69023427D1; JP2898659B2; KR0142567B1

Description

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a so called stripline patch type antenna to be utilized in a microwave communication, as set forth in the preamble of claim 1. An antenna of this kind is known from IEEE Transactions on Broadcastings, vol.34, no.4 December 1988, pages 457-464, Ito et al. "Planar antennas for satellite reception".

Description of the Background Art

Presently, parabola antennas and plane antennas are utilized for the microwave communication. Since the satellite broadcasting has started, although the parabola antennas are more commonly employed for this purpose so far, the plane antennas have been attracting much attentions, because the plane antennas are thin plate shaped, light weighted, and hence easier to handle.
Up to date, various types of the plane antennas have been developed, including a microstrip antenna, a strip patch antenna, a radial line antenna, a triplate antenna, and a suspended line antenna.
In particular, a type of a plane antenna in which the strip patch antenna is combined with a slot plate is known to be capable of obtaining a high antenna gain.
An example of a stripline patch antenna with a slot plate is shown in Figs. 1(A) and 1(B). This stripline patch antenna 101 comprises a plate shaped dielectric substrate 102, a grounding conductor plate 103 attached on a back of the dielectric substrate 102, a square shaped radiating element 104 attached on a front of the dielectric substrate 102, a feed line 105 connected to the radiating element 104, and a slot plate 107 having a slot 106 above the radiating element 104, which is mounted at a prescribed distance above the dielectric substrate 102. Although not shown in Figs. 1(A) and 1(B), the entire antenna is formed from a plurality of radiating element 104 and slot 106 combinations just described.
In this stripline patch antenna 101, when signals to be transmitted are supplied from a transmitter device through the feed line 105, the signals are transformed into radio wave by the radiating element 104, which is then emitted through the slot 106. On the other hand, when the radio wave is received through the slot 106, this radio wave is transformed into signals by the radiating element 104, and the obtained signals are then supplied to a receiver device through the feed line 105.
A relationship between a relative antenna gain and an angle for this stripline patch type antenna 101 at 12 GHz frequency is shown in Fig. 2, while a relationships between a relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 102 and an antenna gain for this stripline patch antenna 101 is shown in Fig. 3. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the antenna gain for this stripline patch antenna is at most 10 dB, but the material having a relative dielectric constant of about 2 is normally used, so that the antenna gain is usually about 7 to 8 dB.
This implies that in order to obtain the antenna gain of over 30 dB, which is required for a receiver of the satellite broadcasting, it is necessary to have 500 to 1000 radiating elements 104 in a single plane antenna.
However, if the number of the radiating elements 104 is increased, with ample separation between neighboring radiating elements maintained, then the feed lines 105 have to be lengthened, which in turn increases a loss due to the feed lines 105. This is because, in order to obtain the maximum effective signal transmission through the feed lines 105, the impedance of the feed lines 105 have to be adjusted by changing the widths of the feed lines 105, while the feed lines 105 also have to make turns and branches in order to be arranged in the space between the radiating elements 104, and such changing widths and turning and branching of the feed lines 105 are the source of the loss due to the feed lines 105, which will be increased when the feed lines 105 are lengthened.
In a case of the stripline patch antenna 101 which is equipped with the slot plate 107, the feed lines 105 are effectively shielded between the grounding conductor plate 103 and the slot plate 107, so that the loss due to the feed lines 105 is less than that for an antenna without a slot plate. However, in this case, the transmission loss within the feed lines 105 themselves are larger, so that when the gain of over 30 dB is to be obtained, the efficiency of only about 50 to 60% can be achieved. This is inferior to the parabola antenna which can achieve the efficiency of over 70% for the same gain. Consequently, in order to achieve the same high efficiency as the parabola antenna does by the plate antenna, an area of the plane antenna have to be 20 to 40% larger than that of the parabola antenna.
On the other hand, if the separation between the neighboring radiating elements is shortened, the loss due to interference between the neighboring radiating elements 104 or between the radiating elements 104 and the feed lines 105 increases, so that it is difficult to obtain the efficiency of over 90% by devising the arrangement, even if the loss due to the feed lines 105 themselves is ignored.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a stripline patch antenna having a slot plate which is capable of obtaining higher antenna gain, while reducing the loss due to the feed lines.
According to one aspect of the present invention, this object is attained by the features of claim 1.
According to another aspect of the present invention, this object is attained by the features of claim 26.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a stripline patch type plane antenna, comprising: a plurality of antenna units as set forth in claim 1 arranged in array on a common dielectric substrate.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are subject matter of the respectively dependent claims.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1(A) is a cross sectional view of an example of a conventional stripline patch antenna having a slot plate.
Fig. 1(B) is a top view of the example of a conventional stripline patch antenna of Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is a graph of a relative antenna gain versus a angle for the example of a conventional stripline patch antenna of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph of an antenna gain versus a relative dielectric constant for the example of a conventional stripline patch antenna of Fig. 1.
Figs. 4(A) and 4(B) are cross sectional view and top plan view, respectively, of a first embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to tee present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of a relative antenna gain versus an angle for an example of a stripline patch antenna constructed in accordance with the first embodiment of Figs. 4(A) and 4(B).
Fig. 6 is a graph of a relative antenna gain versus a frequency for an example of a stripline patch antenna constructed in accordance with the first embodiment of Figs. 4(A) and 4(B).
Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view of a second embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view of a third embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a stripline patch-type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view of a fifth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a cross sectional view of a sixth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a cross sectional view of a seventh embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Figs. 13(A) and 13(B) are cross sectional view and top plan view, respectively, of an eighth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Figs. 14(A) and 14(B) are cross sectional view and top plan view, respectively, of a ninth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a graph of a relative antenna gain versus a radius of a circle along which the slots are arranged in the eighth and ninth embodiments of a stripline patch antenna of Figs. 13(A) and 13(B), and Figs. 14(A) and 14(B).
Figs. 16(A) and 16(B) are cross sectional view and top plan view, respectively, of a tenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate 'according to the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a cross sectional view of an eleventh embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a cross sectional view of a twelfth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a cross sectional view of a thirteenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a top view of one example of arrangement of the slots in array to construct a plane antenna from antenna units.
Fig. 21 is a top view of another example of arrangement of the slots in array to construct a plane antenna from antenna units.
Fig. 22 is a top view of another example of arrangement of the slots in array to construct a plane antenna from antenna units.
Fig. 23 is a top view of another example of arrangement of the slots in array to construct a plane antenna from antenna units.
Figs. 24(A) and 24(B) are cross sectional view and top plan view, respectively, of a fourteenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 25 is a cross sectional view of a fifteenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 26 is a cross sectional view of a sixteenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 27 is an expanded cross sectional view of an example of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate according to the present invention, for explaining one possible manner of its construction.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to Figs. 4(A) and 4(B), a first embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention, will be described.
This stripline patch type antenna 1 comprises a flat plate shaped dielectric substrate 2, a grounding conductor plate 3 attached underneath the dielectric substrate 2, a square shaped radiating element 4 attached over the dielectric substrate 2, a feed line 5 connected to two sides of the radiating element 4, an air layer 6 formed above the dielectric substrate 2, and a metal plate 8 having a plurality (more than a number of associated radiating element 4) of slots 7 on a circle centered around a position directly above the radiating element 4. This arrangement of the slots 7 on a circle is not indispensable but preferable. In general, it is preferable to arrange the slots 7 symmetrically with respect to the associated radiating element 4. In practice, a plurality of such an antenna unit will be arranged in array to form a single plane antenna.
In this stripline patch type antenna 1, when signals to be transmitted are supplied from a transmitter device through the feed line 5, the signals are transformed into radio wave by the radiating element 4, which is then emitted through the slots 7. On the other hand, when the radio wave is received through the slots 7, this radio wave is transformed into signals by the radiating element 4, and the obtained signals are then supplied to a receiver device through the feed line 5.
The dielectric substrate 2 is made from an insulative material of small dielectric loss and relative dielectric constant, such as foamed polyethylene. For this dielectric substrate 2, a use of an organic insulative material is preferable, but a foamed material containing air inside, or air itself may also be used. In a case the air is used for the dielectric substrate 2, supporting members for supporting the radiating element 4 and the grounding conductor plate 3 have to be provided.
The grounding conductor plate 3 is made of a metallic material or a metallic film formed from a metallic material such as aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, or an alloy containing these metals. Actually, any metallic material can be used for this grounding conductor plate 3, although those enumerated above are preferable choices in terms of economical consideration and mechanical and electrical properties. This grounding conductor plate can be manufactured as a thin layer formed by a sputtering or a vaporization applied to the dielectric substrate 3, or as a thin metal foil formed by a metal rolling, or an electrolyric metal plating, which is attached to the dielectric substrate 2. The thickness of this grounding conductor plate is such that a transmission efficiency of over 90% is attainable for a conducting body given by a surface skin effect which depends on a frequency and an amount of current, and more preferably such that the transmission efficiency of over 99% is attainable for the conducting body given by the surface skin effect. Also, this grounding conductor plate 3 may be placed at a prescribed distance apart from the dielectric substrate 3 if desired.
The radiating element 4 and the feed line 5 can be formed by a general wiring method such as an etching of a selected portion of a metal foil attached in advance to the dielectric substrate 2, or an electroless plating applied to an appropriate conductor element, or a silk printing of an appropriate conductor element in paste like state.
The metal plate 8 is made from a metallic material such as aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, or an alloy containing these metals. The slots 7 on this metal plate 8 can be formed by a press die cutting, an etching, or a laser manufacturing. As for a shape of each slot 7, a cross shape is most common, but other shapes such as circular one, square one, and others may also be used.
As an example, a stripline patch type antenna was constructed by using an aluminum plate of 0.5 mm thickness as the metal plate 8, foamed polyethylene sheet of 0.8 mm thickness and 1.77 relative dielectric constant as the dielectric substrate 2, metal rolled copper foils of 35 µm thickness manufactured by etching as the radiating element 4 and feed line 5, and an aluminum plate of 1 mm thickness as the grounding conductor plate 3. In this example of a stripline patch type antenna, the air layer 6 of 8 mm thickness is formed between the dielectric substrate 2 and the metal plate 8, and eight slots 7 are arranged at regular intervals on a circle of 14 mm radius centered around the radiating element 4, where each slot is formed by combining a slot of 3 mm width and 12.5 mm length in cross shape.
With this example of a stripline patch type antenna, the relationships between a relative antenna gain and an angle at 11.7 GHz and 12 GHz frequencies, and a relative antenna gain and a frequency were measured, the results of which are shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, respectively. By comparing the graph of Fig. 5 with a corresponding graph for a conventional stripline patch type antenna shown in Fig. 2, it can be seen that the antenna gain can be improved by about 4 dB by this example of a stripline patch type antenna. This improvement is due to the improved directivity achieved by narrowing a beam width of the radio wave transmitted or received through the slots 7, which is resulting from the configuration of this first embodiment in which a number of the slots 7 provided is greater than that of the radiating element 4, so that the radio wave to be transmitted or received by the radiating element 4 is broken up into narrow beams having the same gain.
Since it is possible to improve the antenna gain by using this first embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna, it becomes possible to reduce a number of radiating elements 4 to be incorporated in a single antenna for satellite broadcasting reception, which in turn enable to reduce a length of the feed line 5 as well as a number of branchings and turnings on the feed line 5.
Now, there are various other embodiments of the present invention which can be viewed as variations of the first embodiment described above. Such embodiments will now be described with references to the drawings, where those elements identical to corresponding elements appeared in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals in the drawings and their descriptions will be omitted.
Referring now to Fig. 7, a second embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this second embodiment, the antenna 1b differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that the air layer 6 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a foamed material layer 10 of 8 mm thickness and relative dielectric constant of approximately 1. Since this foamed material layer 10 can functions similarly to the air layer 6 of the first embodiment, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this second embodiment.
Referring now to Fig. 8, a third embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this third embodiment, the antenna 1c differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that the dielectric substrate 2 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a combination of a dielectric film 11 such as a polyethylene film of 25 µm thickness and another air layer 13 formed between this dielectric film 11 and the grounding conductor plate 3. Since this combination of the dielectric film 11 and the air layer 13 can functions similarly to the dielectric substrate 2 of the first embodiment, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this third embodiment.
Referring now to Fig. 9, a fourth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this fourth embodiment, the antenna 1d differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that the dielectric substrate 2 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a combination of a dielectric film 11 such as a polyethylene film of 25 µm thickness and a foamed material layer 15 of low relative dielectric constant formed between this dielectric film 11 and the grounding conductor plate 3. Since this combination of the dielectric film 11 and the foamed material layer 15 can functions similarly to the dielectric substrate 2 of the first embodiment, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this fourth embodiment.
Referring now to Fig. 10, a fifth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this fifth embodiment, the antenna 1e differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that the metal plate 8 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a layer film 22 formed from a dielectric film 20 made of a polyethylene sheet of 25 µm thickness and relative dielectric constant of 2.44, and a metal rolled copper foil 21 of 35 µm thickness, where the slots 7 are formed by etching the copper foil 21 at appropriate locations, while the air layer 6 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a foamed material layer 10 of 8 mm thickness and relative dielectric constant of approximately 1, as in the second embodiment above, where the layer film 22 has the dielectric film 20 facing the foamed material layer 10. Since these layer film 22 and the the foamed material layer 10 can function similarly to the metal plate 8 and the air layer 6 of the first embodiment, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this fifth embodiment.
Referring now to Fig. 11, a sixth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this sixth embodiment, the antenna 1f differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that the metal plate 8 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a layer film 26 formed from a dielectric film 24 made of a polyethylene sheet of 25 µm thickness and relative dielectric constant of 2.44, and a metal rolled copper foil 25 of 35 µm thickness, where the slots 7 are formed by die cutting this layer film 26 at appropriate locations, while the dielectric substrate 2 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a combination of a dielectric film 11 and another air layer 13 formed between this dielectric film 11 and the grounding conductor plate 3, as in the third embodiment above. Since these layer film 26 and the combination of the dielectric film 11 and the the air layer 13 can function similarly to the metal plate 8 and the dielectric substrate 2 of the first embodiment, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this sixth embodiment.
Referring now to Fig. 12, a seventh embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this seventh embodiment, the antenna 1g differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that the metal plate 8 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a layer film 31 formed from a dielectric film 30 made of a polyethylene sheet 28 of 25 urn thickness and relative dielectric constant of 2.44, and a metal rolled copper foil 29 of 35 urn thickness, where the slots 7 are formed by etching the copper foil 29 at appropriate locations, and where the layer film 30 has the copper foil 29 facing the air layer 6, while the dielectric substrate 2 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a combination of a dielectric film 11 and another air layer 13 formed between this dielectric film 11 and the grounding conductor plate 3, as in the third embodiment above. Since these layer film 30 and the combination of the dielectric film 11 and the the air layer 13 can function similarly to the metal plate 8 and the dielectric substrate 2 of the first embodiment, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this seventh embodiment.
Referring now to Figs. 13(A) and 13(B), an eighth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this eighth embodiment, the antenna 1h differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that the air layer 6 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a foamed material layer of 8 mm thickness and relative dielectric constant of approximately 1, as in the second embodiment above, while the dielectric substrate 2 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a combination of a dielectric film 11 and another air layer 13 formed between this dielectric film 11 and the grounding conductor plate 3, as in the third embodiment above, and furthermore an additional slot 39 is provided on the metal plate 8 at a position directly above the radiating element 4. Even with this additional slot 39, because of the function of the other slots 7, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this eighth embodiment.
Referring now to Figs. 14(A) and 14(B), a ninth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this ninth embodiment, the antenna 1i differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that the air layer 6 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a foamed material layer of 8 mm thickness and relative dielectric constant of approximately 1, as in the second embodiment above, while an additional slot 39 is provided on the metal plate 8 at a position directly above the radiating element 4, as in the eighth embodiment above, and furthermore the slots 7 are formed such that each one of the slots 7 is oriented in a direction which differs by 450 from those of the neighboring ones. Even with this configuration of the slots 7, because the slots 7 function essentially in the same manner, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this ninth embodiment.
Now, as variations of these eighth and ninth embodiments just described, samples have been constructed in which a radius of the circle on which the slots 7 are arranged is changed from 14 mm of the eighth and ninth embodiments to 16 mm, 18mm, and 20 mm, while the other elements are retained exactly the same as in the eighth and ninth embodiments. The results obtained by these samples for the relative antenna gain are shown in Fig. 15, which shows that the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment can also be obtained by these variations.
Referring now to Figs. 16(A) and 16(B), a tenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this tenth embodiment, the antenna 1j differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that the eight slots 7 shown in Fig. 4(A) are replaced by four slots 46 arranged on the same circle of 14 mm radius centered around the position directly above the radiating element 4, while the dielectric substrate 2 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a combination of a dielectric film 11 and another air layer 13 formed between this dielectric film 11 and the grounding conductor plate 3, as in the third embodiment above. Even with these slots 46 of reduced number, because these slots 46 can still function essentially in the same manner as the slots 7 of the first embodiment, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this tenth embodiment.
Referring now to Fig. 17, an eleventh embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this eleventh embodiment, the antenna 1k differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that an additional slot 39 is provided on the metal plate 8 at a position directly above the radiating element 4, as in the eighth embodiment above, while the dielectric substrate 2 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a combination of a dielectric film 11 and another air layer 13 formed between this dielectric film 11 and the grounding conductor plate 3, as in the third embodiment above, and furthermore the radiating element 4 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a passive element 47 located below the additional slot 39 on the dielectric film 11 and a lower radiating element 48 located below the passive element 47 on another side of the dielectric film 11 to which the feed line 5 is connected. Even with this combination of the passive element 47 and the lower radiating element 48, because of the slots 7, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this eleventh embodiment.
Referring now to Fig. 18, a twelfth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this twelfth embodiment, the antenna 1ℓ differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that an additional slot 39 is provided on the metal plate 8 at a position directly above the radiating element 4, as in the eighth embodiment above, while the dielectric substrate 2 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a combination of a dielectric film 11 and another air layer 13 formed between this dielectric film 11 and the grounding conductor plate 3, as in the third embodiment above, and furthermore the radiating element 4 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by an upper radiating element 49 located below one of the slots 7 on the dielectric film 11 and a lower radiating element 48 located below the additional slot 39 on another side of the dielectric film 11, where the upper radiating element 49 and the lower radiating element 48 are supplied with signals with 900 phase difference from the feed lines 5 connected to them. Even with this combination of the upper radiating element 49 and the lower radiating element 48, because of the slots 7, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this twelfth embodiment.
Referring now to Fig. 19, a thirteenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this thirteenth embodiment, the antenna 1m differs from the antenna 1 of the first embodiment in that an additional slot 39 is provided on the metal plate 8 at a position directly above the radiating element 4, as in the eighth embodiment above, while the dielectric substrate 2 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a combination of a dielectric film 11 and another air layer 13 formed between this dielectric film 11 and the grounding conductor plate 3, as in the third embodiment above, and furthermore the radiating element 4 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a passive element 47 located below the additional slot 39 on the dielectric film 11 and a lower radiating element 48 located below the passive element 47 on another side of the dielectric film 11 to which the feed line 5 is connected, as in the eleventh embodiment above, and moreover the metal plate 8 shown in Fig. 4(A) is replaced by a layer film 33 formed from a dielectric film 31 made of a polyethylene sheet of 25 urn thickness and relative dielectric constant of 2.44, which is sandwiched between two metal rolled copper foils 32 of 35 urn thickness each, where the slots 7 and 39 are formed by etching these copper foils 32 at appropriate locations. Even with such a layer film 33, because of the slots 7, the results similar to those obtained for the first embodiment, such as those shown in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be obtained by this thirteenth embodiment.
Now, as already mentioned above, in practice, a plurality of antenna units such as those described as various embodiments will be arranged in array to form a single plane antenna. In forming this array, it is preferable to arrange the slots 7 such that some of the slots 7 can be shared by neighboring antenna units, so as to reduce the area of the entire plane antenna.
For example, as shown in Fig. 20, a plurality of antenna units, each in a form of the first embodiment described above, may be arranged such that each antenna unit shares two of the slots 7 with each one of the neighboring antenna units, where these two slots to be shared are located on the intersections made on the circles for the slots 7 of the neighboring antenna units.
Another example is shown in Fig. 21, where the plurality of antenna units, each having four slots 46 in a manner similar to the tenth embodiment described above, may be arranged such that each antenna unit shares one of the slots 46 with each one of the antenna units located at upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right sides.
Another example is shown in Fig. 22, where the plurality of antenna units, each in a form of the tenth embodiment described above, may be arranged such that each antenna unit shares one of the slots 46 with each one of the antenna units located at left, right, upper, and lower sides.
Another example is shown in Fig. 23, where the plurality of antenna units, each having four slots 46 in a manner similar to the tenth embodiment described above plus one slot 39 located above the radiating element 4, may be arranged such that each antenna unit shares two of the slots 46 with each one of the antenna units located at left, right, upper, and lower sides.
Referring now to Figs. 24(A) and 24(B), a fourteenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
This stripline patch type antenna 50 comprises a plate shaped triplate substrate 51 including a lower metal plate 60 having a rectangular shaped lower slot 55, a dielectric substrate 58, a feed conductor 54 located on the dielectric substrate 58, a dielectric plate 57 placed between the lower metal plate 60 and the dielectric substrate 58, and a grounding conductor plate 59 attached underneath the dielectric substrate 58; an upper metal plate 52 having a plurality of rectangular shaped upper slots 56; and a supporting dielectric member 53 placed between the upper metal plate 52 and the lower metal plate 60 of the triplate substrate 51. As can be see from Figs. 24(A) and 24(B), the feed conductor 54 is extending to a position below the lower slot 55, while the upper slots 56 are arranged at regular intervals in two rows, along a direction of the feed conductor 54, symmetrically with respect to the lower slot 55.
Each of the dielectric substrate 58, the dielectric plate 57 and the supporting dielectric member 53 is made from an insulative material of small dielectric loss and relative dielectric constant, such as foamed polyethylene.
The feed conductor 54 can be formed by a general wiring method such as an etching of a selected portion of a metal foil attached in advance to either the dielectric substrate 58 or the dielectric plate 57, or an electroless plating applied to an appropriate conductor element, or a silk printing of an appropriate conductor element in paste like state.
The grounding conductor plate 59 is a metallic film formed from a metallic material such as aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, or an alloy containing these metals, which can be manufactured as a thin layer formed by a sputtering or a vaporization applied to the dielectric substrate 58, or as a thin metal foil formed by a metal rolling, or an electrolyric metal plating, which is attached to the dielectric substrate 58.
The lower metal plate 60 is made from a metallic material such as aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, or an alloy containing these metals, which may be manufactured as a thin layer formed by a sputtering or a vaporization applied to the dielectric plate 57, or as a thin metal foil formed by a metal rolling, or an electrolyric metal plating. which is attached to the dielectric plate 57. A part of this lower metal plate 60 is connected with the grounding conductor plate 59 physically.
The upper metal plate 52 is made from a metallic material such as aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, or an alloy containing these metals. The upper slots 56 on this upper metal plate 52 can be formed by a press die cutting, an etching. or a laser manufacturing.
In this stripline patch type antenna 50, when signals to be transmitted are supplied from a transmitter device through the feed conductor 54, the signals are transformed into radio wave by the combination of the feed conductor 54 and the lower slot 55, which is then emitted through the upper slots 56. On the other hand, when the radio wave is received through the upper slots 56, this radio wave is transformed into signals by the combination of the lower slot 55 and the feed conductor 54, and the obtained signals are then supplied to a receiver device through the feed conductor 54.
Thus, in this embodiment, an improved directivity can be achieved by adjusting the shape, number and pitch of the upper slots 56 which function as radio wave lenses.
Moreover, because the transmission and reception of radio waves are achieved by utilizing the triplate substrate 51 in this embodiment, the loss due to the feed conductor 54 can be reduced, and the number of radiating elements per unit area can be reduced. As a result, it is possible in this embodiment to reduce the number of non-smooth portions in the wiring so that the loss due to these non-smooth portions can be reduced, which in turn enable to reduce the size of the entire plane antenna when a plurality of the antenna units are arranged in array.
Now, there are various other embodiments of the present invention which can be viewed as variations of the fourteenth embodiment described above. Such embodiments will now be described with references to the drawings, where those elements identical to corresponding elements appeared in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals in the drawings and their descriptions will be omitted.
Referring now to Fig. 25, a fifteenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this fifteenth embodiment, the antenna 50b differs from the antenna 50 of the fourteenth embodiment in that the rectangular shaped lower and upper slots 55 and 56 shown in Fig. 24(A) are replaced by cross shaped lower and upper slots 66 and 67, while the feed conductor 54 shown in Fig. 24(A) is replaced by a feed line 65 having two branched ends 65a and 65b which are oriented in directions crossing at 900 with each other and which have a length difference equal to a quarter of a wavelength to be transmitted or received, where the lower slot 66 is located above the region enclosed by the two branched ends 65a and 65b of the feed line 65.
With this configuration, the results similar to those obtained for the fourteenth embodiment can also be obtained by this fifteenth embodiment, as the loss due to the feed line 65 can be made small. In addition, it is possible in this embodiment to perform the transmission or reception of the circularly polarized radiation.
Referring now to Fig. 26, a sixteenth embodiment of a stripline patch type antenna with a slot plate, according to the present invention will be described.
In this sixteenth embodiment, the antenna 50b differs from the antenna 50 of the fourteenth embodiment in that the rectangular shaped upper slots 56 shown in Fig. 24(A) are replaced by cross shaped upper slots 67, as in the fifteenth embodiment above, while the feed conductor 54 shown in Fig. 24(A) is replaced by a feed line 65 having two branched ends 65a and 65b which are connected to two adjacent sides of a square patch 68, and furthermore, the rectangular shaped lower slot 55 is replaced by a square shaped lower slot 70 located above the square patch 68.
Since this configuration can functions substantially the same manner as that of the fifteenth embodiment above, the results similar to those obtained for the fourteenth embodiment can also be obtained by this sixteenth embodiment, and it is also possible in this embodiment to perform the transmission or reception of the circularly polarized radiation.
It is to be noted that in the embodiments described above, the antenna may be constructed by combining separately manufactured elements together, rather than using the manufacturing methods described above such as etching, electroless plating, silk printing, sputtering, vaporization, metal rolling, and electrolyric metal plating. Namely, as shown in Fig. 27, the feed conductor 54 is formed by attaching a separately manufactured tape like rolled copper foil 71 on a film like dielectric member 70, then this feed conductor 54 is sandwiched between the separately prepared dielectric substrate 58 and dielectric plate 57, and then separately prepared conductive plates 73 and 74 are attached as the metal plate 55 and the grounding conductor plate 59.
Besides this, many modifications and variations of the above embodiments may be made without departing from the novel and advantageous features of the present invention. Accordingly, all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

A stripline patch type antenna, comprising:
a dielectric substrate (2);
a grounding conductor (3) provided on one side of the dielectric substrate (2);
radiating element means (4) supported on the dielectric substrate (2), for transmitting and receiving radio waves;
feed line means (5) supported on another side of the dielectric substrate (2) opposite to said one side, for transmitting signals to and from the radiating element means (4); and
a slot plate (8) provided on the same side of the dielectric substrate (2) as the feed line means (5) so that the feed line means (5) an between the dielectric substrats and the slot plate (8);
CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the slot plate (8) has a plurality of slots (7) more numerous than the radiating element means (4).
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the slots (7) are arranged on the slot plate (8) symmetrically with respect to a position of the radiating element means (4).
The antenna of claim 2, wherein the slots (7) are arranged at regular intervals along a circle centered around the position of the radiating element means (4).
The antenna of claim 1, wherein all the slots (7) are located offset with respect to a position directly opposite the radiating element means (4).
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the slot plate (8) has an additional slot (39) located directly opposite the radiating element means (4).
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating element means (4) comprises a metal layer formed on the dielectric substrate (2).
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the grounding conductor (3) comprises a metal layer formed on the dielectric substrate (2).
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate (2) comprises a dielectric film.
The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a dielectric layer (6, 10) between the slot plate (8) and the dielectric substrate (2).
The antenna of claim 9, wherein the dielectric layer (6, 10) is an air layer (6).
The antenna of claim 9, wherein the dielectric layer (6, 10) is a foamed material layer (10).
The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a dielectric layer (13, 15) between the grounding conductor (3) and the dielectric substrate (2).
The antenna of claim 12, wherein the dielectric layer (13, 15) is an air layer (13).
The antenna of claim 12, wherein the dielectric layer (13, 15) is a foamed material layer (15).
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the slot plate (8) comprises a metal plate.
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the slot plate (8) comprises a metal foil (21, 25, 29) attached to a dielectric film (20, 24, 28).
The antenna of claim 16, wherein the slots (7) are formed by removing appropriate portions of the metal foils (21, 29).
The antenna of claim 17, wherein the metal foil (29) is facing toward the radiating element means (4).
The antenna of claim 17, wherein the metal foil (21, 25) is facing away from the radiating element means (4).
The antenna of claim 16, wherein the slots (7) are formed by removing appropriate portions of the metal foil (25) and the dielectric film (24) together.
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the slots (7) are oriented such that neighbouring slots (7) are oriented along different directions.
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating element means (4) is supported on said other side of the dielectric substrate (2) facing toward the slot plate (8).
The antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating element means (48) is supported on said one side of the dielectric substrate (2) facing away from the slot plate (8).
The antenna of claim 23, further comprising a passive element (47) supported on said other side of the dielectric substrate (2) facing toward the slot plate (8), at a position directly over the radiating element means (48).
The antenna of claim 1, further comprising additional radiating element means (49) located under one of the slots (7).
A stripline patch type antenna, comprising:
a triplate substrate (51), including:
a dielectric substrate (58);
a grounding conductor (59) provided on one side of the dielectric substrate (58);
a lower slot plate (60) provided on the other side of the dielectric substrate (58) opposite to said one side, the lower slot plate (60) having a lower slot (55, 66); and
feed conductor means (54, 65) supported on the dielectric substrate (58) and extending to a position of the lower slot (55, 66), for transmitting signals; and
an upper slot plate (52) provided on said other side of the triplate substrate (51) so that the lower slot plate (60) is between the dielectric substrate (58) and the upper slot plate (52) and having a plurality of upper slots (56, 67);
CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the upper slot plate (52) has a plurality of upper slots (56, 67) more numerous than the lowor slot (55, 66).
The antenna of claim 26, wherein the feed line means (65) has two branched ends (65a, 65b) which are oriented in directions crossing at 90° with each other, where the lower slot (66) is located opposite the region enclosed by the two branched ends (65a, 65b).
The antenna of claim 27, wherein the two branched ends (65a, 65b) of the feed line means (65) have a length difference equal to a quarter of a wavelength of signals to be transmitted.
The antenna of claim 26, wherein the feed line means (65) has two branched ends (65a, 65b) which are connected to two adjacent sides of a square patch (68), and wherein the lower slot (70) is located directly opposite the square patch (68).
A stripline patch type plane antenna, comprising a plurality of antenna units as set forth in claim 1 and arranged in an array on a common dielectric substrate.
The antenna of claim 30, wherein the antenna units are arranged such that at least one of the slots (7) of each antenna unit is shared with a neighbouring antenna unit.
The antenna of claim 31, wherein each antenna unit has the slots (7) arranged at regular intervals along a circle centered around the position of the radiating element means (4), and wherein the slots (7) shared with a neighbouring antenna unit are located at intersections of circles for the neighbouring antenna units.
The antenna of claim 31, wherein each antenna unit has the slots (7) arranged along a rectangle, and wherein the slots (7) shared with a neighbouring antenna unit are located on corners shared with the same neighbouring antenna unit.
The antenna of claim 31, wherein each antenna unit has the slots (7) arranged along a rectangle, and wherein the slots (7) shared with a neighbouring antenna unit are located on sides shared with the same neighbouring antenna unit.