CN114623609B - Efficient photo-thermal conversion method based on foam material - Google Patents
Efficient photo-thermal conversion method based on foam material Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency photo-thermal conversion method based on a foam material, which belongs to the technical field of new material preparation and establishes a multi-scale structure database of the foam material; analyzing the propagation law of the high-density radiant energy flow when the high-density radiant energy flow acts on the foam rib; summarizing the photo-thermal conversion effects of different structural sizes of the foam material, and correcting the effects by combining factors influencing the radiation transmission of the foam material; quantifying the apparent and medium radiation characteristics of the foam material and the dependence relationship between the pore structure and the physical properties of the material; based on a trans-scale transfer rule of light-heat characteristic information in the foam material, reversely designing a foam material multi-scale structure with specific light-heat conversion efficiency; on the basis of researching the foam material, the invention improves the solar photo-thermal conversion efficiency, solves the key problems of matching, controlling, optimizing and the like of the foam material related to the technology and the high-temperature application thereof, and can promote the development of the solar photo-thermal conversion technology, so that the foam material can exert the maximum efficiency in the technical field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new material preparation, and particularly relates to a foam material-based efficient photo-thermal conversion method.
Background
Solar energy is a renewable clean energy source, is inexhaustible, and has wide application in the fields of photo-thermal conversion, photovoltaic conversion, photochemical conversion and the like. Based on solar energy photo-thermal conversion, two main factors influencing the efficient utilization of the solar energy photo-thermal conversion are photo-thermal conversion efficiency and heat energy utilization rate, and in the solar energy efficient photo-thermal conversion process, the foam material is generally used as the photo-thermal conversion material because the foam material has excellent characteristics of wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, large specific surface area and the like. The photo-thermal conversion technology is not mature from development to the present, and the reason is that a photo-thermal conversion material with low cost, simple preparation method and high conversion efficiency, particularly a photo-thermal conversion mechanism in the material, is not yet developed, so that the photo-thermal conversion material becomes a key problem to be solved in the field of solar photo-thermal conversion.
For this reason, attempts have been made to manufacture various foam materials to obtain high light-heat conversion efficiency. In terms of improving the solar energy absorptivity, the Chinese patent document CN201910675183.X provides a preparation method of a foam nickel-based photo-thermal conversion material, and the prepared material is a semiconductor material, has high absorptivity, and in addition, the material has excellent photo-thermal conversion performance, so that absorbed light energy can be fully converted into heat energy; in terms of improving solar photo-thermal conversion efficiency, the Chinese patent document CN201811395196.3 provides a preparation method of a foam titanium dioxide loaded active carbon photo-thermal conversion material, and the active carbon material prepared by hydrothermal/high-temperature calcination and carbonization of fruit residues is used for carrying out surface deposition on the foam titanium dioxide, so that the sunlight absorption range and the sunlight absorption intensity can be effectively improved, and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is improved.
In the above patent, the applicant found after study that: only the preparation method of the foam material has been studied, and for the new technology of solar energy photo-thermal conversion, the research on the photo-thermal conversion mechanism and the characteristics of the foam material is lacking, especially the research on the trans-scale step regulation mechanism and the method of the spectrum radiation energy of the foam material is lacking, so that the reverse design research of the multi-scale structure of the material for high-temperature application is limited, and the development of the high-temperature application of the foam material and the solar energy efficient photo-thermal conversion technology is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention discloses a high-efficiency photo-thermal conversion method based on a foam material, which improves the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of solar energy on the basis of researching the foam material, solves the key problems of matching, controlling, optimizing and the like of the foam material related to the technology and the high-temperature application thereof, and can promote the development of the solar photo-thermal conversion technology, so that the foam material can exert the maximum efficiency in the technical field.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides a foam material-based efficient photo-thermal conversion method, which comprises the following steps: the multi-scale structure database of the foam material is obtained by representing and reconstructing the multi-scale structure of the foam material;
step two: analyzing the propagation rule of high-density radiant energy flow acting on the foam rib based on computational electromagnetic software, and mainly researching reflection, transmission, scattering, attenuation and absorption behaviors;
step three: summarizing the photo-thermal conversion effects of different structural sizes of the foam material, and correcting the effects by combining factors influencing the radiation transmission of the foam material;
step four: quantifying the apparent and medium radiation characteristics of the foam material and the dependence relation between the pore structure and the physical properties of the material, and establishing a self-adaptive matching mechanism between the multi-scale structure and the trans-scale radiation characteristic information;
step five: based on a trans-scale transfer rule of light-heat characteristic information in the foam material, reversely designing a foam material multi-scale structure with specific light-heat conversion efficiency aiming at a typical solar light-heat conversion technology application scene;
step six: correcting the designed foam material structural model by considering the differences of design and manufacture to form a set of multi-scale structure reverse design theory and method of typical foam materials; manufacturing foam materials with corresponding specifications by using a 3D printing technology; the light-heat conversion efficiency of the material was measured.
Preferably, in the first step: pore morphology characteristics of the foam material on macro scale, pore scale and micro scale are obtained, and a multi-scale structure database of a typical foam material is established; the macro scale is used for guiding engineering application to describe the macro size of the foam board; the pore size mainly quantitatively describes the porosity, pore diameter, pore cell configuration, rib diameter, rib longitudinal shape, rib section shape and rib hollow characteristics of the material; microscale mainly considers the surface roughness of the ribs, and the diameter/distribution/packing density of particles inside the ribs.
Preferably, the foam is scanned using SEM techniques and μ -CT techniques to obtain pore morphology features of the foam at different scales.
Preferably, optical information transmission from microscale to pore scale in the foam material is carried out, and bidirectional reflection distribution function, direction-hemispherical reflectance and specular diffuse reflectance specific gravity data of a representative microstructure on the surface of the rib skeleton are obtained in a simulation mode by adopting an FDTD method; if the foam rib substrate has translucency, the equivalent attenuation coefficient, the scattering albedo and the scattering phase function characteristic data of the internal micro-pores/particle groups of the foam rib substrate are also required to be obtained; transmitting the optical parameters obtained from the microscale simulation to the hole scale simulation for use in assigning the optical characteristics of the rib;
transmitting optical characteristic information of the inner pore size of the foam material to the macro size, and based on a light transmission mean free path and a scattering distribution statistical model, adopting an MCRT method or a DO model to simulate and obtain equivalent attenuation coefficient, scattering albedo and scattering phase function data of a foam pore simulation structure and a mu-CT scanning structure; and transmitting the optical characteristic data acquired from the hole scale simulation to the macro scale simulation for use in the assignment of the optical characteristic of the macro equivalent medium.
Preferably, in step three: loading the obtained heat source item into an energy equation according to the space coordinate relation, and solving the energy equation to obtain a temperature field;
taking the photo-thermal effect of micro-scale-pore scale and Kong Chedu-macro-scale of the foam material into consideration, and correcting and updating a temperature field by combining the rib microstructure, the material spectral selectivity and the translucency factors; the multi-scale structure of the foam material and the optical/heat conduction physical properties of the base material are reasonably adjusted, and the photo-thermal characteristics of the foam material are controlled to be changed, so that the foam material can cover a wider data range as much as possible.
Preferably, in the fourth step: the influence degree of the foam material structure and physical parameters on light-heat transmission is quantitatively evaluated from macro-scale, hole scale and micro-scale levels respectively, and the multi-scale structure data of the foam material are divided into three gradient levels according to influence intensity by comparing the established multi-scale structure database of the foam material: macro-scale apparent size W, D, L; porosity of pore scaleCell diameter d c Rib shapes t, k, h; microscale rib surface roughness Ra, ry, rib internal microporosity pore diameter d p0 Rib porosity->Determining the priority sequence of structure regulation; introducing a radiation characteristic optimization evaluation function, timely calling a cross-scale radiation characteristic database, sequentially carrying out iterative optimization on the optimal radiation characteristic combination according to the priority order on macro-scale, hole-scale and micro-scale levels, then carrying out reverse matching on the cross-scale radiation characteristic data selected by optimization and multi-scale structure data, and sequentially determining corresponding multi-scale structure parameters of the foam material on macro-scale, hole-scale and micro-scale levels.
Preferably, in step six: according to the designed foam material multi-scale structure scheme, programming a user application program interface to control modeling software to carry out automatic simulation reconstruction of the foam material multi-scale structure, deriving data for 3D printing, manufacturing foam materials with corresponding specifications by using a 3D printing technology, obtaining multi-scale structure morphology data of the printed foam materials by using SEM and mu-CT technologies, and observing the similarity degree of the obtained material structure and the design scheme; the apparent spectral radiation characteristics of the foam material, mainly the directional-directional transmittance, the directional-directional reflectance and the directional emission ratio data, are measured to verify whether the designed foam material has specific radiation performance or not, and further verify the correctness and reliability of theory and model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. based on the development requirements of solar photo-thermal conversion technology in China, the invention clearly knows how pore structure morphology, parameters and material properties influence the photo-radiation-thermal conversion process and characteristics of the foam material through modeling and analyzing fine sightseeing-thermal transmission of the pore scale layer of the foam material; meanwhile, the apparent of the foam material and the photo-thermal characteristic parameters of the medium are accurately predicted, and the lack of experimental data can be made up.
2. By researching the heat generation mechanism and the heat generation rule of the high-density radiant energy flow in the foam rib, the related research progress can provide reliable theoretical basis and technical support for analysis of the light-heat transport process in the foam material, so that the design, production and application of the foam material are promoted, and the development of solar photo-thermal technology taking the high-pore foam material as a heat transport medium is promoted. Meanwhile, the related research also has higher theoretical value, and is beneficial to promoting the rapid development of optics, heat transfer science, topology and the like in the field of pore materials.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the trans-scale transfer of radiation characteristic information within a foam material;
wherein, 1-a photo-thermal conversion system; 2-macro scale; 3-Kong Chedu; 4-microscale.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a foam-based efficient photo-thermal conversion method, step one: the multi-scale structure database of the foam material is obtained by representing and reconstructing the multi-scale structure of the foam material; specifically, scanning and acquiring pore morphology features of the foam material on macro scale 2, pore scale 3 and micro scale 4 by adopting the most effective SEM technology and mu-CT technology at present, and establishing a multi-scale structure database of the typical foam material; wherein, macro scale 2 takes engineering application as guidance to describe the macro size of the foam board; pore size 3 primarily quantitatively describes the porosity, pore diameter, pore cell configuration (Lord Kelvin type, weiire-Phelan type, voronoi mosaic, etc.), rib diameter, rib longitudinal shape (spindle shape), rib cross-sectional shape (concave, convex, etc.), rib hollow features of the material; microscale 4 mainly considers the surface roughness of the ribs, and the diameter/distribution/packing density of particles inside the ribs; of course, other pore morphology features of different size structures in the foam may also be incorporated.
Step two: analyzing the propagation rule of high-density radiant energy flow acting on the foam rib based on computational electromagnetic software, and mainly researching reflection, transmission, scattering, attenuation and absorption behaviors; specifically, optical information transmission from a microscale 4 to a pore scale 3 in the foam material is carried out, and Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function (BRDF), direction-hemispherical reflectance and specular diffuse reflectance specific gravity data of a rib skeleton surface representative microstructure are obtained in a simulation mode by adopting an FDTD method; if the foam rib substrate has translucency, the equivalent attenuation coefficient, the scattering albedo and the scattering phase function characteristic data of the internal micro-pores/particle groups of the foam rib substrate are also required to be obtained; transmitting the optical parameters obtained from the micro-scale 4 simulation to the hole scale 3 for simulation use, wherein the optical parameters are used for assigning the optical characteristics of the rib;
transmitting optical characteristic information of the foam material inner pore scale 3 to the macro scale 2, and based on a light transmission mean free path and a scattering distribution statistical model, adopting an MCRT method or a DO model to simulate and obtain equivalent attenuation coefficient, scattering albedo and scattering phase function data of a foam pore simulation structure and a mu-CT scanning structure; the optical characteristic data obtained from the hole scale 3 simulation are transferred to the macro scale 2 for use in macro equivalent medium optical characteristic assignment.
Step three: summarizing the photo-thermal conversion effects of different structural sizes of the foam material, and correcting the effects by combining factors influencing the radiation transmission of the foam material; specifically, according to the space coordinate relation, loading the obtained heat source item into an energy equation, and solving the energy equation to obtain a temperature field;
taking the photo-thermal effect of the micro-scale 4-pore scale 3 and the micro-scale 3-macro-scale 2 of the foam material into consideration, and correcting and updating the temperature field by combining the rib microstructure, the material spectrum selectivity and the translucency factors; the multi-scale structure of the foam material and the optical/heat conduction physical properties of the base material are reasonably adjusted, and the photo-thermal characteristics of the foam material are controlled to be changed, so that the foam material can cover a wider data range as much as possible.
Step four: quantifying the apparent and medium radiation characteristics of the foam material and the dependence relation between the pore structure and the physical properties of the material, and establishing a self-adaptive matching mechanism between the multi-scale structure and the trans-scale radiation characteristic information; specifically, the influence degree of the foam material structure and the physical property parameters on the light-heat transmission is quantitatively evaluated from macro scale 2, hole scale 3 and micro scale 4 layers respectively, and the multi-scale structure data of the foam material are divided into three gradient grades according to influence strength by comparing the established multi-scale structure database of the foam material: macro-scale 2 external dimension W, D, L; porosity of pore size 3Cell diameter d c Rib shapes t, k, h; microscale 4 rib surface roughness Ra, ry, rib internal microporosity pore diameter d p0 Rib porosity->Determining the priority sequence of structure regulation; introducing a radiation characteristic optimization evaluation function, timely calling a cross-scale radiation characteristic database, sequentially carrying out iterative optimization on the optimal radiation characteristic combination according to the priority order from the macro-scale 2, the hole-scale 3 and the micro-scale 4 layers, then carrying out reverse matching on the cross-scale radiation characteristic data selected by optimization and the multi-scale structure data, and sequentially determining corresponding multi-scale structure parameters of the foam material from the macro-scale 2, the hole-scale 3 and the micro-scale 4 layers.
Step five: based on a trans-scale transfer rule of light-heat characteristic information in the foam material, reversely designing a foam material multi-scale structure with specific light-heat conversion efficiency aiming at a typical solar light-heat conversion technology application scene;
step six: correcting the designed foam material structural model by considering the differences of design and manufacture to form a set of multi-scale structure reverse design theory and method of typical foam materials; manufacturing foam materials with corresponding specifications by using a 3D printing technology; the light-heat conversion efficiency of the material was measured. Specifically, according to a designed foam material multi-scale structure scheme, programming a user application program interface to control modeling software to carry out automatic simulation reconstruction of the foam material multi-scale structure, deriving data for 3D printing, manufacturing a foam material with corresponding specification by using a 3D printing technology, then obtaining multi-scale structure morphology data of the printed foam material by using SEM and mu-CT technologies, and examining the similarity degree of the obtained material structure and the design scheme; the apparent spectral radiation characteristics of the foam material, mainly the directional-directional transmittance, the directional-directional reflectance and the directional emission ratio data, are measured to verify whether the designed foam material has specific radiation performance or not, and further verify the correctness and reliability of theory and model.
The foam material prepared by the steps is placed in a photo-thermal conversion system 1 for comparison test, and when the light concentration ratio is 600:1, the light-heat conversion efficiency (calculated by calorimeter) is improved by more than 10% compared with the prior literature data; when the light concentration ratio is 1000:1, the light-heat conversion efficiency (in terms of calorimeter) is improved by 5% or more than that of the conventional literature data. At a condensing ratio of 600:1, specifically explaining: based on the specific steps of the invention, the foam material with corresponding specification is manufactured by utilizing the 3D printing technology, the foam material is applied to a high-temperature foam heat absorber for gathering solar energy, and the device is utilized for carrying out a test experiment of photo-thermal conversion efficiency, helium is selected as a heat transfer fluid under the condition that solar radiation is normal, the air inlet temperature is set to 300K, the temperature of outlet air can reach 1500K at most after the air enters the device, and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the device is calculated to be more than 70%, while the photo-thermal conversion of the prior art is calculated to be about 60%. Therefore, the foam material is designed by the method, and the improvement of the photo-thermal efficiency is greatly facilitated.
In summary, the invention uses the high-temperature application of the foam material as traction, applies the foam material to the solar photo-thermal conversion technology, develops the research on the heat generation mechanism and the heat generation rule of the foam rib under the action of high-density light radiation based on the optical action mechanism of the space concentrated high-density radiation energy flow on the foam rib, further, reversely designs the multi-scale structure of the foam material with specific photo-thermal conversion efficiency according to the application scene of the technology, considers the design and manufacturing differences, corrects the designed foam material structural model, utilizes the 3D printing technology to manufacture foam materials with corresponding specifications, measures the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the materials, and forms a set of method and strategy for improving the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of solar energy, thereby breaking through the relevant high-temperature heat utilization technical bottleneck in the solar photo-thermal conversion technology.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The high-efficiency photo-thermal conversion method based on the foam material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: the multi-scale structure database of the foam material is obtained by representing and reconstructing the multi-scale structure of the foam material;
step two: analyzing the propagation rule of high-density radiant energy flow acting on the foam rib based on computational electromagnetic software, and mainly researching reflection, transmission, scattering, attenuation and absorption behaviors;
step three: summarizing the photo-thermal conversion effects of different structural sizes of the foam material, and correcting the effects by combining factors influencing the radiation transmission of the foam material;
step four: quantifying the apparent and medium radiation characteristics of the foam material and the dependence relation between the pore structure and the physical properties of the material, and establishing a self-adaptive matching mechanism between the multi-scale structure and the trans-scale radiation characteristic information;
step five: based on a trans-scale transfer rule of light-heat characteristic information in the foam material, reversely designing a foam material multi-scale structure with specific light-heat conversion efficiency aiming at a typical solar light-heat conversion technology application scene;
step six: correcting the designed foam material structural model by considering the differences of design and manufacture to form a set of multi-scale structure reverse design theory and method of typical foam materials; manufacturing foam materials with corresponding specifications by using a 3D printing technology; measuring the light-heat conversion efficiency of the material;
in the third step: loading the obtained heat source item into an energy equation according to the space coordinate relation, and solving the energy equation to obtain a temperature field;
taking the photo-thermal effect of micro-scale-pore scale and Kong Chedu-macro-scale of the foam material into consideration, and correcting and updating a temperature field by combining the rib microstructure, the material spectral selectivity and the translucency factors; the multi-scale structure of the foam material and the optical/heat conduction physical properties of the base material are reasonably adjusted, and the photo-thermal characteristics of the foam material are controlled to be changed, so that the foam material can cover a wider data range as much as possible.
2. The foam-based efficient photothermal conversion method according to claim 1, wherein in step one: pore morphology characteristics of the foam material on macro scale, pore scale and micro scale are obtained, and a multi-scale structure database of a typical foam material is established; the macro scale is used for guiding engineering application to describe the macro size of the foam board; the pore size mainly quantitatively describes the porosity, pore diameter, pore cell configuration, rib diameter, rib longitudinal shape, rib section shape and rib hollow characteristics of the material; microscale mainly considers the surface roughness of the ribs, and the diameter/distribution/packing density of particles inside the ribs.
3. The foam-based efficient photothermal conversion method of claim 2, wherein SEM techniques and μ -CT techniques are employed to scan the foam to obtain pore morphology features of the foam at different scales.
4. The foam material-based efficient photothermal conversion method of claim 2, wherein the optical information transmission from micro-scale to pore-scale in the foam material is simulated by adopting an FDTD method to obtain bidirectional reflection distribution function, direction-hemispherical reflectance and specular diffuse reflectance specific gravity data of a representative microstructure on the surface of the rib skeleton; if the foam rib substrate has translucency, the equivalent attenuation coefficient, the scattering albedo and the scattering phase function characteristic data of the internal micro-pores/particle groups of the foam rib substrate are also required to be obtained; transmitting the optical parameters obtained from the microscale simulation to the hole scale simulation for use in assigning the optical characteristics of the rib;
transmitting optical characteristic information of the inner pore size of the foam material to the macro size, and based on a light transmission mean free path and a scattering distribution statistical model, adopting an MCRT method or a DO model to simulate and obtain equivalent attenuation coefficient, scattering albedo and scattering phase function data of a foam pore simulation structure and a mu-CT scanning structure; and transmitting the optical characteristic data acquired from the hole scale simulation to the macro scale simulation for use in the assignment of the optical characteristic of the macro equivalent medium.
5. The foam-based efficient photothermal conversion method according to claim 4, wherein in step four: the influence degree of the foam material structure and physical parameters on light-heat transmission is quantitatively evaluated from macro-scale, hole scale and micro-scale levels respectively, and the multi-scale structure data of the foam material are divided into three gradient levels according to influence intensity by comparing the established multi-scale structure database of the foam material: macro-scale apparent size W, D, L; porosity at the pore scale, cell diameter, rib shape t, k, h; the surface roughness Ra, ry of the rib, the aperture of the micro-pore inside the rib and the porosity of the rib are determined, and the priority order of the structure during regulation is determined; introducing a radiation characteristic optimization evaluation function, timely calling a cross-scale radiation characteristic database, sequentially carrying out iterative optimization on the optimal radiation characteristic combination according to the priority order on macro-scale, hole-scale and micro-scale levels, then carrying out reverse matching on the cross-scale radiation characteristic data selected by optimization and multi-scale structure data, and sequentially determining corresponding multi-scale structure parameters of the foam material on macro-scale, hole-scale and micro-scale levels.
6. The foam-based efficient photothermal conversion method as defined in claim 5, wherein in step six: according to the designed foam material multi-scale structure scheme, programming a user application program interface to control modeling software to carry out automatic simulation reconstruction of the foam material multi-scale structure, deriving data for 3D printing, manufacturing foam materials with corresponding specifications by using a 3D printing technology, obtaining multi-scale structure morphology data of the printed foam materials by using SEM and mu-CT technologies, and observing the similarity degree of the obtained material structure and the design scheme; the apparent spectral radiation characteristics of the foam material, mainly the directional-directional transmittance, the directional-directional reflectance and the directional emission ratio data, are measured to verify whether the designed foam material has specific radiation performance or not, and further verify the correctness and reliability of theory and model.
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