CN107657095A - A kind of porous media solar heat absorber structure and optimization of operating parameters method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of porous media solar heat absorber structure and optimization of operating parameters method applied to solar energy optical-thermal transformation technology field.The heat transfer characteristic of porous media solar heat absorber is calculated using Thermal Non-equilibrium Model, coupling genetic algorithm optimizes to the structural parameters and operational factor of heat dump, to obtain the parameter combination for causing heat dump best performance.The present invention has considered heat dump heat absorption, heat exchange links, and the automatic screening of parameter is realized using intelligent optimization algorithm, realizes multi-parameter while the function of optimization.The present invention has high efficiency, accuracy and versatility, can largely save the manpower and time cost of design, improve the precision of optimization, while can be used in design optimization parameter difference, optimization object function difference, the different porous media heat dump of geometry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar energy heat utilization field, and in particular to a kind of porous media solar heat absorber structure and operation
Parameter optimization method.
Background technology
Light-focusing type solar generation technology is a kind of cleaning, safe and reliable and with bright prospects renewable energy
Source utilization technology.The critical component that solar heat absorber converts as luminous energy to heat energy, for the optimizing research of its heat exchange property
Important leverage is provided for the Effec-tive Function of whole system.As a kind of new positive displacement heat dump, porous media heat dump
The highest attention of domestic and foreign scholars is received in recent years.Its higher through-hole rate causes solar radiation to be inhaled inside heat dump
Receive, form " body absorption " effect；And its complicated unordered three-dimensional structure, heat exchange surface is increased, enhances heat exchanging fluid and suction
Heat convection efficiency before hot device.However, the actual installation commercialized running of porous media solar heat absorber, still faces
Series of challenges.Including：(1) research of porous media solar heat absorber concentrates on unitary variant to heat dump performance
Influence, lack the method for multi-variables analysis；(2) design method of porous media heat dump is lacked.Under specified requirements, lack conjunction
The method of reason selection heat dump structural parameters and operational factor, to ensure that heat dump is efficiently run.
Domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a series of researchs for porous media solar heat absorber at present.Wu et al. is using non-thermal
Balance model (LTNE) couples P1 models, solves the heat transfer characteristic of porous media solar heat absorber.Porous Jie is have studied respectively
Influence of the porosity, aperture, thermal conductivity and heat dump inlet flow rate of matter to heat dump interior temperature distribution characteristic.Chen etc.
(MCRT) technology is followed the trail of using Monte Carlo ray, obtains distribution feelings of the solar radiation energy inside porous media absorber
Condition, Thermal Non-equilibrium Model and P1 models are coupled, has solved the fluid interchange process inside porous media solar heat absorber.Analysis
Influences of the different solar radiation models to result of calculation.S.Mey-Cloutier et al. experimental studies ceramics of different materials
Photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the porous media as solar energy heat absorbing.Meanwhile analyze porous media geometrical structure parameter (porosity,
Aperture etc.) influence to heat dump overall performance.Analysis more than is as can be seen that for porous media solar heat absorber
Research focuses mostly in analysis of the single parameter to heat dump performance impact, in order to which the excellent heat dump of screenability needs to carry out greatly
The numerical simulation of amount and experimental work.Meanwhile under multi-parameter simultaneously situation of change, existing research work fails to provide heat dump
The method for optimizing of parameter.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for deficiency present in the research of current porous media solar heat absorber and design, carry
Gone out a kind of effectively optimizing suitable for single argument and multivariable, it is possible to achieve heat dump parameter it is automatic preferably, to be expired
The porous media structure parameter of foot optimization demand and the porous media solar heat absorber structure of heat dump operational factor and operation
Parameter optimization method.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
Step 1)：Determine the unoptimizable geometric parameter and operational factor of porous media solar heat absorber to be optimized；
Step 2)：Initialize the geometric parameter and operational factor of porous media solar heat absorber to be optimized；
Step 3)：According to initialization or the geometric parameter and operational factor of genetic algorithm optimization, using Beer laws and more
Hole dieletric reflection characteristic, the transmission loss and reflection loss of porous media heat dump are calculated, so that it is determined that absorptivity；According to Beer
Law exports distribution of the solar radiation energy-flux density inside absorber：
I (x)=I (0) C β e-βx
I (x) is the radiant emittance at x position, and C is according to the correction factor transmitted and reflection loss is calculated, β
It is the attenuation coefficient of porous media；
Step 4)：Rosseland diffusion equations are coupled using Thermal Non-equilibrium Model, solve porous media solar heat absorber
Internal fluid interchange：
In formula：ρ、u、μ、cp、Tf、λfeBe respectively the density of heat exchanging fluid, speed, dynamic viscosity coefficient, specific heat capacity at constant pressure,
Temperature and efficient thermal conductivity；ε、K、CF、λse、Ts、n、krIt is the porosity of porous media skeleton, permeability, inertia coeffeicent, effectively
Thermal conductivity, temperature, refractive index and equivalent radiated power thermal conductivity.hvBody convection transfer rate between porous media and heat exchanging fluid；
Step 5) calculates convergence, and characteristic is changed in the flowing for obtaining porous media solar heat absorber, calculates the heat dump thermal efficiency
Evaluating：
For mass flow, qinFor intensity of solar radiation, SinFor heat dump front end area.And evaluating is passed into something lost
Propagation algorithm；
Step 6) genetic algorithm is intersected according to the evaluating in step 5), made a variation, migrating genetic operation, and renewal is treated
Optimized variable, repeat step 3), step 4), step 5), progressively obtain cause the higher porous media structure parameter of the thermal efficiency and
Heat dump operational factor, final genetic algorithm reach convergence, obtain optimal value of the parameter.
The physical dimension of the geometric parameter of described porous media including porous media is length, the hole of porous media
Gap rate, the aperture of porous media；Operational factor includes inlet flow rate, inlet temperature, solar radiation energy-flux density.
The present invention, which carries, to be applicable the feature of heat dump and is：Heat absorption using metal foam or porous ceramic film material as heat absorption core
The three-dimensional through hole structure of device, metal foam or porous ceramic film material with three-dimensional UNICOM, with higher through-hole rate and good
Heat conductivility.
Because the factor for influenceing porous media solar heat absorber is numerous, restricted between each factor there is mutual, therefore,
The present invention takes full advantage of the efficient optimal solution search characteristic of genetic algorithm.Thermal Non-equilibrium Model is used to calculate under specified requirements
The heat transfer characteristic and the thermal efficiency of porous media solar heat absorber, genetic algorithm are used for automatically and efficiently search and meet optimal conditions
Optimal solution.Thermal balance model and genetic algorithm are taken by coupling, so as to realize that the automatic of porous media solar heat absorber is commented
Estimate and screen, improve the efficiency of optimization design.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is optimization method flow chart of the present invention；
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, exemplified by optimizing porosity of porous medium, aperture and heat dump inlet flow rate simultaneously, to this hair
It is bright to be described in detail：
As shown in figure 1, the method for present invention optimization porous media solar heat absorber structure and operational factor is as follows：
First, the unoptimizable geometrical structure parameter and operational factor of porous media heat dump are specified.Choose the calculating of two dimension
Area attribute porous media solar heat absorber, it is respectively 5cm and 4cm to set its width and thickness respectively；Porous media material
Elect carborundum as, heat exchanging fluid elects air as；The temperature of intake air is set as 300K；Entrance solar radiation energy-flux density is set
For 600kW/m2.Meanwhile limit the value orientation of parameter to be optimized.Here, the porosity of porous media is set as 0.65-
0.95, aperture is 0.5mm-2.0mm, and inlet flow rate is 0.5-2m/s.
Secondly, the reflection loss of porous media is calculated according to specified heat dump structural parameters (thickness, porosity, aperture)
R and transmission loss T.Reflection loss is calculated according to Simon Gu é velou et al. numerical simulation result；Transmission loss profit
It is derived by with Beer laws：
T=1-e-βx
In formula, attenuation coefficient is assumed to be calculated using geometric optics：
D in formulapIt is the aperture of porous media.Correction factor C=1-R-T.Solar radiation energy-flux density is inside heat dump
Be distributed as：
I (x)=I (0) C β e-βx
Then, porous media solar heat absorber fluid interchange governing equation is solved：
Empirical parameter in formula uses the Empirical Equation related to porous media structure parameter to be calculated.Here adopt
With Wu et al. empirical equation：
Governing equation obtains the heat transfer characteristic of the porous media solar heat absorber after solving, select the thermal efficiency as heat absorption
The evaluation index of device：
Next, the thermal efficiency value of the heat dump is fed back into genetic algorithm, genetic algorithm is intersected, made a variation, migrated
Deng genetic operation, retained parameter combination to be optimized is updated.Then calculating, the solar radiant energy of solar radiative absorption rate are repeated
The calculating of current density distribution and the calculating of the heat dump thermal efficiency, until genetic algorithm restrains.
Finally, porosity of porous medium, aperture and the heat dump inlet flow rate for make it that the heat dump thermal efficiency is optimal are obtained.It is excellent
Change result to show, under the experiment condition, the optimum porosity of heat dump is 0.95, optimum aperture 1.78mm, optimal entrance stream
Speed is 2.0m/s.
Table 1 is given using optimization method proposed by the present invention, in different porous media solar heat absorber thickness conditions
Under, optimal porosity, aperture and inlet flow rate parameter combination.
The different-thickness porous media solar heat absorber optimum porosity of table 1, aperture and inlet flow rate combination
As can be seen that porous media solar heat absorber structure proposed by the present invention and optimization of operating parameters method can be same
The multiple variables of Shi Youhua, it can efficiently obtain heat dump best parameter group.In the case where heat dump thickness is larger, Gao Kong
Gap rate and high flow rate are advantageous to be lifted the efficiency of heat dump.Because high porosity is advantageous to increase solar radiation transmission deeply
Degree, heat dump surface energy flux density is reduced, radiation heat loss is reduced so as to reduce heat dump surface temperature.And high flow rate is advantageous to
Strengthen heat convection, be equally beneficial for reducing heat dump surface temperature.And optimum aperture with the increase of heat dump thickness and by
It is cumulative big.And in the case of thickness is less, optimum porosity and aperture are all relatively reduced.Smaller porosity and aperture can
Weaken the transmission heat loss of heat dump while reduce section when solid liquid phase reaches thermal balance.Fluid is enabled to shorter with this
Heat exchange section in reach higher temperature.
The present invention is by coupling porous media Thermal Non-equilibrium Model and genetic algorithm, it is proposed that a kind of porous media solar energy
Heat dump structure and optimization of operating parameters method.The present invention easily can be designed to porous media solar heat absorber,
A kind of new approaches are provided for the screening of heat dump structural parameters and operational factor.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of porous media solar heat absorber structure and optimization of operating parameters method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1)：Determine the unoptimizable geometric parameter and operational factor of porous media solar heat absorber to be optimized；
Step 2)：Initialize the geometric parameter and operational factor of porous media solar heat absorber to be optimized；
Step 3)：According to initialization or the geometric parameter and operational factor of genetic algorithm optimization, using Beer laws and porous Jie
Matter reflection characteristic, the transmission loss and reflection loss of porous media heat dump are calculated, so that it is determined that absorptivity；According to Beer laws
Export distribution of the solar radiation energy-flux density inside absorber：
I (x)=I (0) C β e-βx
I (x) is the radiant emittance at x position, and C is the correction factor being calculated according to transmission and reflection loss, and β is more
The attenuation coefficient of hole medium；
Step 4)：Rosseland diffusion equations are coupled using Thermal Non-equilibrium Model, solved inside porous media solar heat absorber
Fluid interchange：
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And efficient thermal conductivity；ε、K、CF、λse、Ts、n、krIt is porosity, permeability, inertia coeffeicent, the effective thermal conductivity of porous media skeleton
Rate, temperature, refractive index and equivalent radiated power thermal conductivity.hvBody convection transfer rate between porous media and heat exchanging fluid；
Step 5) calculates convergence, and characteristic is changed in the flowing for obtaining porous media solar heat absorber, calculates the evaluation of the heat dump thermal efficiency
Parameter：
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For mass flow, qinFor intensity of solar radiation, SinFor heat dump front end area.And evaluating is passed into hereditary calculation
Method；
Step 6) genetic algorithm is intersected according to the evaluating in step 5), made a variation, migrating genetic operation, and renewal is to be optimized
Variable, repeat step 3), step 4), step 5), progressively obtain and cause the higher porous media structure parameter of the thermal efficiency and heat absorption
Device operational factor, final genetic algorithm reach convergence, obtain optimal value of the parameter.
2. porous media solar heat absorber structure according to claim 1 and optimization of operating parameters method, its feature exist
In：The physical dimension of the geometric parameter of described porous media including porous media is length, the porosity of porous media,
The aperture of porous media；Operational factor includes inlet flow rate, inlet temperature, solar radiation energy-flux density.
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| 许昌 等: "一种多孔介质太阳能吸热器传热研究", 《能源研究与利用》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109697315A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-30 | 浙江大学 | The optimization method of radiation energy hot spot analytic modell analytical model parameter |
| CN114623609A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-14 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Efficient photo-thermal conversion method based on foam material |
| CN114623609B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-08-22 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Efficient photo-thermal conversion method based on foam material |
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| CN107657095B (en) | 2019-07-23 |
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