CN114620995B

CN114620995B - Black pottery product firing process and firing equipment thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114620995B
Application number: CN202210261266.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陶苏萌; 陆玲玲
Original assignee: Hangzhou Liangzhu Black Pottery Culture Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Hangzhou Liangzhu Black Pottery Culture Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-03-16
Filing date: 2022-03-16
Publication date: 2023-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-16
Also published as: CN114620995A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of black ceramic products, and discloses a firing process for black ceramic products, wherein red daub is pure and fine and has good plasticity, kaolin has high hardness, good contractibility, strong plasticity and lower firing temperature, the fired black ceramic products have high strength, are not easy to crack, have excellent fire resistance and sintering performance, and can improve the hardness of the black ceramic, the added black metal powders, namely manganese dioxide and copper oxide, have good metal luster and hardness, and can improve the brightness and hardness of the black ceramic products, bamboo charcoal powder is added for carburizing treatment, the bamboo charcoal powder has hard texture and moisture resistance, carbon particles gradually penetrate into the deep inside of a blank body in the carburizing process, pores generated by uniform filling are carburized, after the carburization is finished, the temperature in the kiln body is gradually reduced, the pores are gradually contracted, the carbon particles and the blank body are fused into a whole, and the hardness is greatly improved.

Description

Black pottery product firing process and firing equipment thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of black ceramic products, in particular to a black ceramic product firing process and firing equipment thereof.

Background

Black pottery is a glazed pottery which is a treasure in the ceramic art treasury in China, born in the age of Chinese stone novelties, has the characteristics of 'black as paint, sound as chime, bright as mirror, thin as paper and hard as porcelain', and is represented by good tea culture black pottery before history in Zhejiang. However, the black pottery gradually goes out of daily life due to brittleness and fragility, the advanced pottery technology is lost for many years, and the technology is gradually and completely decoded until the modern times.

The black pottery manufacturing process mainly comprises three steps of material selection, processing and firing, wherein red clay impacted by a yellow river is pure and fine and has good viscosity and plasticity, and is an excellent natural raw material for manufacturing the black pottery, kaolin has excellent plasticity, can spontaneously fill gaps to improve the compactness of the pottery and improve the performance of the pottery in a sintering process, green paste is fine and smooth in texture, strong in reversibility, high in green strength, large in viscosity, small in water permeability and compact in molecules, and can also be used as a pottery clay raw material for firing the black pottery.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a black ceramic product firing process and firing equipment thereof, which solve the problem of poor hardness of the traditional black ceramic product.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a black ceramic product firing process comprises the following steps:

step (1), raw material treatment: drying the raw materials red daub and kaolin in the air, crushing after drying in the air, and sieving to obtain red daub powder and kaolin powder;

and (2) draining mud: uniformly mixing distilled water, red daub powder, kaolin powder, manganese dioxide and copper oxide, soaking for 1-4h, filtering, and removing impurities to obtain slurry;

and (3) concentrating: precipitating the slurry, removing the water on the upper layer, drying the precipitate on the lower layer in the shade, and drying in the shade until the water content of the obtained mud blank is 30-50%;

kneading mud: placing the mud blank in a vacuum mud stirring machine for kneading and stirring, cutting the kneaded mud block into blocks, and placing to obtain clay;

step (5) forming: performing blank drawing and molding on the pottery clay, and drying in the shade after molding until the water content of the obtained pottery clay is 10-15%;

and (6) shaping, carving and polishing: trimming the greenware to enable the surface of the greenware to be flat and smooth, carving, polishing after the carving is finished, and obtaining a processed greenware after the polishing is finished;

step (7), blank drying: drying the treated greenware in a closed space in the shade, and drying the greenware to obtain a dry greenware;

step (8) firing and carburizing: when the dry blank is fired in the kiln body, the bottom of the diversion assembly is communicated with the firing chamber, so that black smoke generated during firing is guided and collected by the bottom of the smoke collection mechanism, and a black pottery semi-finished product is obtained after firing;

when the black pottery semi-finished product is carburized, the collected black smoke and bamboo charcoal powder provided by the charcoal powder supply mechanism are dispersed in the firing chamber through the flow guide assembly, and the black pottery semi-finished product is carburized to obtain a black pottery product.

Preferably, the size of the sieved hole in the step (1) is 150-200 meshes.

Preferably, the mass parts of the distilled water, the red daub powder, the kaolin powder, the manganese dioxide and the copper oxide in the step (2) are 120-400 parts, 100 parts, 8-15 parts, 2-6 parts and 1-5 parts respectively.

Preferably, the raw materials in the step (1) can also comprise green plaster.

Preferably, the firing process in the step (8) is divided into four stages, a first stage: heating the kiln to 105 ℃, wherein the firing time is 1-2h; and a second stage: the firing temperature is 105-295 ℃, and the firing time is 1-2h; and a third stage: the firing temperature is 295-600 ℃, and the firing time is 2-6h; a fourth stage: the firing temperature is 600-850 ℃, and the firing time is 4-8h.

Preferably, black pottery products firing equipment is used for firing the dry blank, the black pottery products firing equipment comprises a firing chamber, a storage rack and a smoke collecting mechanism, the storage rack comprises a rotating rack, a placing layer and a carbon guide port, the smoke collecting mechanism comprises a flow guide assembly, a collecting assembly and a moving member, and the black pottery firing comprises the following steps:

(1) Placing the dry blank on a placing layer in a firing chamber, heating and firing, wherein in the firing process, a guide assembly in a smoke collection mechanism collects smoke generated in the firing process, and after firing, a black pottery semi-finished product is obtained, wherein a sealing plate on a moving piece is matched with a carbon guide port, so that the middle upper part of a guide channel is in a closed state, the bottom of the guide channel is in an open state and is communicated with the firing chamber, and the smoke in the firing chamber is guided and collected;

(2) Placing bamboo charcoal powder in a carbon powder supply mechanism, wherein the carbon powder supply mechanism is matched with the smoke collected by the smoke collection mechanism to provide carbon particles for the interior of a firing chamber, dispersing the carbon particles around a black pottery semi-finished product through a carbon guide opening arranged on a rotating frame in a reduction atmosphere, and performing carburization treatment on the black pottery semi-finished product; after the carburization is accomplished, the catch bar drives the moving member and moves down, make the closing plate on the moving member with lead the carbon mouth and separate, opening and leading carbon mouth coincidence on the moving member for upper portion is in open state in the water conservancy diversion passageway, with fire the room intercommunication, and water conservancy diversion passageway bottom merges with fire room bottom, flue gas and bamboo charcoal powder can distribute in firing the room through leading the carbon mouth this moment, for black pottery semi-manufactured goods carburization provides the carbon granule, wherein the carbon granule includes the carbon in the flue gas, the bamboo charcoal powder who adds in the carbon powder feed mechanism.

Preferably, the kiln body comprises a flue gas collecting mechanism and a carbon powder supplying mechanism, the flue gas collecting mechanism is arranged inside the firing chamber, and the flue gas collecting mechanism comprises a flow guide assembly; when the dry blank is fired in the kiln body, the bottom of the flow guide assembly is communicated with the firing chamber, so that black smoke generated during firing is guided and collected by the bottom of the smoke collection mechanism, and high-temperature parts in the firing chamber can flow; when the black pottery semi-finished product obtained by firing the dry blank is subjected to carburization treatment, the collected black smoke and the bamboo charcoal powder provided by the carbon powder supply mechanism are dispersed in the firing chamber through the flow guide assembly.

Preferably, the flue gas collecting mechanism further comprises a collecting assembly, the collecting assembly comprises a collecting cover, the collecting cover is arranged above the firing chamber, one side of the collecting cover is connected with the flue gas collecting chamber, and the carbon powder supplying mechanism is connected with the other side of the collecting cover.

Preferably, the diversion assembly comprises a diversion channel, a diversion auger is arranged in the diversion channel, one end of the diversion auger is connected with a first driving motor, the first driving motor is arranged above the collecting cover and penetrates through the coupler, the collecting cover is connected with the diversion auger, and the top of the diversion channel is communicated with the collecting cover.

Preferably, a storage rack is arranged in the firing chamber, the storage rack comprises a rotating rack, a plurality of placing layers are distributed on the rotating rack, and the placing layers are used for placing greenware; the flow guide channel is positioned in the middle of the rotating frame.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the black ceramic product sintering process comprises the steps of firstly drying red clay and kaolin, crushing and sieving the red clay and the kaolin to obtain powder, wherein the red clay is a pure and fine raw material subjected to impact and has good plasticity, the prepared black ceramic has the advantages of better compactness, high kaolin hardness, good contractibility, strong plasticity and lower sintering temperature, the sintered black ceramic product has high strength and is not easy to crack, the black ceramic product has excellent fire resistance and sintering performance and can improve the hardness of the black ceramic, the obtained raw material red clay powder, the kaolin powder, manganese dioxide and copper oxide are uniformly mixed under the action of distilled water, slurry is obtained after filtering, the added black metal powder has good metal luster and hardness and can improve the brightness and hardness of the black ceramic product, the black ceramic is endowed with certain black brightness and luster degree before carburization, meanwhile, the density of a ceramic body is effectively improved due to small particle size, the obtained slurry is precipitated, a part of the precipitated distilled water is separated out, the precipitated distilled water is removed, the slurry after concentration and the slurry is placed in a vacuum stirring machine, the slurry after concentration is subjected to stirring, the slurry is subjected to a large amount of drying process, the slurry is prevented from cracking after the evaporation and the ceramic blank is sintered, the ceramic product is subjected to the polishing process, and the ceramic product is subjected to the wet-drying process, the ceramic product, the ceramic blank is prevented from being damaged, and the ceramic product is subjected to the ceramic product, and the ceramic product is subjected to be subjected to the ceramic product, and is subjected to the ceramic product.

The black ceramic product firing process comprises the steps of firing in black ceramic product firing equipment, placing a dry blank in the black ceramic product firing equipment for firing, heating and firing in stages in the firing process, firstly firing the dry blank in a low-temperature stage, further removing residual moisture caused by air humidity and the like, not generating chemical change at this time, further raising the temperature, removing partial organic matters and crystal water contained in the dry blank, volatilizing or decomposing, gradually vitrifying the dry blank after a series of chemical changes, gradually increasing the porosity of a blank body of the dry blank in the high-temperature firing process, more uniformly and regularly arranging components such as silicon dioxide in a ceramic body at this time, collecting smoke generated in the firing process in a smoke collecting chamber for storage through a flow guide assembly in the firing process, and effectively relieving air pollution caused in the black ceramic production process, meanwhile, the rotation of the rotating frame can also drive the air inside the firing chamber to flow, further the temperature inside the firing chamber is uniform, the dry blank is uniformly fired, the bamboo charcoal powder is added for carburization, the bamboo charcoal powder has the characteristics of hard texture and moisture resistance, a large amount of fine carbon particles are generated in the carburization process, in a reduction atmosphere, the bamboo charcoal powder and the flue gas enter the upper part of the diversion channel in the closed kiln body, the bamboo charcoal powder and the flue gas can fall downwards due to the fact that the middle upper part of the diversion channel is communicated with the inside of the firing chamber, the diversion auger is driven by the first driving motor to rotate while falling, the diversion auger has an upward driving force and further collides with the falling bamboo charcoal powder and the carbon in the flue gas, then the carbon particles are dispersed to each layer of placement layer through the carbon guide port, the carbon particles gradually permeate into the deep inside the blank body, and the generated air holes are uniformly filled, after carburization is finished, the temperature in the kiln body is gradually reduced, air holes are gradually contracted, and the hardness of the carbon particles and the blank body which are integrated is greatly improved. In addition, the invention can realize the uniform carburization of carbon particles and uniformly fill generated pores, so that the black pottery has black inside and outside color and more uniform color.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the whole construction of the black ceramic firing apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall explosion structure of the black ceramic firing equipment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a firing chamber of the black ceramic product firing apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of a rotating frame and a flow guide assembly of the black ceramic product firing equipment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a partially exploded view of a storage rack of the black ceramic firing apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a tray part structure of the black ceramic firing apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the black ceramic product firing process of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a firing chamber; 11. fixing the inner gear ring; 12. a closing door; 2. a storage rack; 21. a rotating frame; 211. a support gear; 212. a connecting plate; 213. a second drive motor; 22. placing the layer; 221. a placing table; 222. a driven gear; 223. a card slot; 224. placing the plate; 225. a clamping block; 23. a carbon guide port; 3. a flue gas collection mechanism; 31. a flow guide assembly; 311. a flow guide channel; 312. a diversion auger; 313. a first drive motor; 32. a collection assembly; 321. a collection hood; 322. a flue gas collection chamber; 33. a moving member; 331. an opening; 332. a closing plate; 333. a push rod; 4. a carbon powder supply mechanism.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

(1) And (3) blank preparation: drying red daub and kaolin in the air, crushing after drying in the air, crushing, sieving, and obtaining red daub powder and kaolin powder, wherein the aperture of the sieve is 150 meshes; uniformly mixing 120 parts by mass of distilled water, 100 parts by mass of red daub powder, 8 parts by mass of kaolin powder, 2 parts by mass of manganese dioxide and 1 part by mass of copper oxide, soaking for 1 hour, filtering, and removing impurities to obtain slurry; precipitating the slurry, removing the water on the upper layer, drying the precipitate on the lower layer in the shade, and drying in the shade until the water content of the obtained mud blank is 30%; placing the mud blank in a vacuum mud stirring machine for stirring, cutting the stirred mud blocks into blocks, and placing to obtain the clay; performing blank drawing and molding on the pottery clay, and drying in the shade until the water content is 10% to obtain a pottery blank; trimming the greenware to enable the surface of the greenware to be flat and smooth, then carving, polishing after the carving is finished, and obtaining a processed greenware after the polishing is finished; drying the treated greenware in a closed space in the shade for 48 hours to obtain a dried greenware;

(2) Preparing a black ceramic product: putting the dry blank into black ceramic product firing equipment for firing, wherein the firing process is divided into four stages, namely: heating the kiln to 105 ℃ for 1h; and a second stage: heating to 295 ℃ at the firing temperature for 1h; and a third stage: the firing temperature is heated to 600 ℃, and the firing time is 2h; a fourth stage: heating the firing temperature to 850 ℃ for 4h, adding bamboo charcoal powder after firing, wherein the mass ratio of the added bamboo charcoal powder to the dry blank is 3.

Example 2

(1) Preparing a dry blank: drying red daub and kaolin in the air, crushing after drying in the air, crushing, sieving, and obtaining red daub powder and kaolin powder, wherein the aperture of the sieve is 180 meshes; uniformly mixing 300 parts by mass of distilled water, 100 parts by mass of red daub powder, 12 parts by mass of kaolin powder, 4 parts by mass of manganese dioxide and 3 parts by mass of copper oxide, soaking for 3 hours, filtering, and removing impurities to obtain slurry; precipitating the slurry, removing the water on the upper layer, drying the precipitate on the lower layer in the shade, and drying in the shade until the water content of the obtained mud blank is 40%; placing the mud blank in a vacuum mud stirring machine for kneading and stirring, cutting the kneaded mud block into blocks, and placing to obtain clay; performing blank drawing and shaping on the pottery clay, and drying in the shade until the water content is 12% to obtain a pottery blank; trimming the greenware to enable the surface of the greenware to be flat and smooth, then carving, polishing after the carving is finished, and obtaining a processed greenware after the polishing is finished; drying the treated greenware in a closed space in the shade for 72 hours to obtain a dried greenware;

(2) Preparing a black ceramic product: the dry blank is placed in black ceramic product firing equipment for firing, the firing process is divided into four stages, namely: the kiln temperature is heated to 105 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a second stage: the firing temperature is heated to 295 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a third stage: the firing temperature is heated to 600 ℃, and the firing time is 4h; a fourth stage: and heating to 850 ℃ at the firing temperature, wherein the firing time is 6h, adding bamboo charcoal powder after the firing is finished, wherein the mass ratio of the added bamboo charcoal powder to the dry blank is 1.

Example 3

(1) And (3) blank preparation: drying red daub and kaolin in the air, crushing after drying, sieving with a sieve with 200 meshes to obtain red daub powder and kaolin powder; uniformly mixing 400 parts by mass of distilled water, 100 parts by mass of red daub powder, 15 parts by mass of kaolin powder, 6 parts by mass of manganese dioxide and 5 parts by mass of copper oxide, soaking for 4 hours, filtering, and removing impurities to obtain slurry; precipitating the slurry, removing the water on the upper layer, and drying the lower layer of the precipitate in the shade until the water content of the obtained mud blank is 50%; placing the mud blank in a vacuum mud stirring machine for kneading and stirring, cutting the kneaded mud block into blocks, and placing to obtain clay; performing blank drawing and molding on the pottery clay, and drying in the shade until the water content is 15% to obtain a pottery blank; trimming the greenware to enable the surface of the greenware to be flat and smooth, carving, polishing after the carving is finished, and obtaining a processed greenware after the polishing is finished; drying the treated greenware in a closed space in the shade for 96 hours to obtain a dried greenware;

(2) Preparing a black ceramic product: the dry blank is placed in black ceramic product firing equipment for firing, the firing process is divided into four stages, namely: the kiln temperature is heated to 105 ℃, and the firing time is 2h; and a second stage: heating to 295 ℃ at the firing temperature for 2h; and a third stage: the firing temperature is heated to 600 ℃, and the firing time is 6h; a fourth stage: heating the firing temperature to 850 ℃ for 8h, adding bamboo charcoal powder after firing, wherein the mass ratio of the added bamboo charcoal powder to the dry blank is 1.

Example 4

(1) And (3) blank preparation: drying the green paste mud, drying in the air, crushing, sieving, and obtaining green paste mud powder, wherein the aperture of a sieve is 180 meshes; uniformly mixing 300 parts by mass of distilled water, 100 parts by mass of green paste mud powder, 4 parts by mass of manganese dioxide and 3 parts by mass of copper oxide, soaking for 3 hours, filtering, and removing impurities to obtain slurry; precipitating the slurry, removing the water on the upper layer, and drying the lower layer of the precipitate in the shade until the water content of the obtained mud blank is 40%; placing the mud blank in a vacuum mud stirring machine for stirring, cutting the stirred mud blocks into blocks, and placing to obtain the clay; performing blank drawing and molding on the pottery clay, and drying in the shade until the water content is 12% to obtain a pottery blank; trimming the greenware to enable the surface of the greenware to be flat and smooth, carving, polishing after the carving is finished, and obtaining a processed greenware after the polishing is finished; drying the treated greenware in a closed space in the shade for 72 hours to obtain a dried greenware;

(2) Preparing a black ceramic product: the dry blank is placed in black ceramic product firing equipment for firing, the firing process is divided into four stages, namely: the kiln temperature is heated to 105 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a second stage: the firing temperature is heated to 295 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a third stage: the firing temperature is heated to 600 ℃, and the firing time is 4h; a fourth stage: heating the firing temperature to 850 ℃ for 6h, adding bamboo charcoal powder after firing, wherein the mass ratio of the added bamboo charcoal powder to the dry blank is 1.

Example 5

This example also discloses a black ceramic article firing apparatus that satisfies the fired carburization process of examples 1-4.

Referring to fig. 1, a black ceramic product firing apparatus includes a kiln body, the kiln body includes a firing chamber 1, the kiln body includes a flue gas collecting mechanism 3 and a carbon powder supplying mechanism 4, the flue gas collecting mechanism 3 is disposed inside the firing chamber 1, the flue gas collecting mechanism 3 includes a flow guide assembly 31, when a dry blank is fired in the kiln body, the bottom of the flow guide assembly 31 is communicated with the firing chamber 1, so that the bottom of the flue gas collecting mechanism 3 guides and collects black smoke generated during firing, and a high-temperature portion in the firing chamber 1 can flow; when the black pottery semi-finished product is carburized, the collected black smoke and bamboo charcoal powder provided by the carbon powder supply mechanism 4 are dispersed in the firing chamber 1 through the flow guide assembly 31.

Further, the high temperature portion is heated air in the firing chamber 1 during firing.

The dry blank after drying in the shade is arranged in the firing chamber 1 of the kiln body, the dry blank after drying in the shade is fired into a pottery through the firing chamber 1, when the dry blank is fired in the firing chamber 1, the bottom of the diversion assembly 31 is communicated with the firing chamber 1, the smoke generated by combustion is collected through the smoke collection mechanism 3, when the semi-finished black pottery which is fired is required to be carburized after the firing is finished, the carbon powder supply mechanism 4 is matched with the smoke collected by the smoke collection mechanism 3 to provide carbon particles into the firing chamber 1, at the moment, because the gas in the dry blank and the natural water are exhausted due to thermal expansion under the high-temperature state, organic matters and crystal water are decomposed or volatilized, and the porosity of the blank is gradually increased in the continuous firing process. Then, the carbon particles which are filled in the kiln just flow into the air holes through the carbon particles provided in the firing chamber 1 and permeate into the semi-finished black pottery product. The carbon particles are sealed in the semi-finished product of the black pottery and are integrated with the semi-finished product of the black pottery, thereby completing the whole process of carburizing and blackening.

Referring to fig. 2, further, the flue gas collecting mechanism 3 further includes a collecting assembly 32, the collecting assembly 32 includes a collecting cover 321, the collecting cover 321 is disposed above the firing chamber 1, one side of the collecting cover 321 is connected to the flue gas collecting chamber 322, the carbon powder supplying mechanism 4 is connected to the other side of the collecting cover 321, and black smoke generated by combustion in the firing chamber 1 is collected in the flue gas collecting chamber 322 and stored when the dry blank needs to be carburized after being fired through the collecting cover 321 located above the firing chamber 1; in addition, the combustion substances capable of generating a large amount of black smoke can be ignited at the bottom of the firing chamber 1 when needed, so that the black smoke is provided in an auxiliary manner.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, further, the flow guiding assembly 31 includes a flow guiding channel 311, a flow guiding auger 312 is disposed inside the flow guiding channel 311, one end of the flow guiding auger 312 is connected to a first driving motor 313, the first driving motor 313 is disposed above the collecting hood 321, the first driving motor 313 passes through the collecting hood 321 through a coupling to be connected to the flow guiding auger 312, the top of the flow guiding channel 311 is connected to the collecting hood 321, the flow guiding auger 312 disposed inside the flow guiding channel 311 is utilized, when the firing chamber 1 fires the dried green bricks, the first driving motor 313 drives the flow guiding auger 312 to draw out the flue gas inside the firing chamber 1 and guide the flue gas into the flue gas collecting chamber 322 through the collecting hood 321 for storage, wherein during collection, the upper portion of the flow guiding channel 311 is in a closed state, and the bottom portion thereof is communicated with the firing chamber 1, the high temperature generated by combustion is collected at the top of the firing chamber 1, at this time, the flow guiding assembly 31 drives the air inside the firing chamber 1 to flow, so that the high temperature air at the top of the inner cavity of the firing chamber 1 can flow, and the flue gas in the flue gas can flow out of the firing chamber 1 and flow into the flue gas collecting chamber 322 through the flow guiding assembly 31.

In some embodiments, the toner supply mechanism 4 includes a storage tank, a delivery tube; the two ends of the delivery pipe are respectively connected with the storage tank and the collecting cover 321. Storing the bamboo charcoal powder in a storage tank. When the bamboo charcoal powder needs to be supplied to the firing chamber 1, the storage tank, the delivery pipe and the collection cover 321 are communicated by opening the valve and the pump on the delivery pipe, and the bamboo charcoal powder is delivered to the collection cover 321 and then falls into the firing chamber 1 under the action of the pump.

Of course, the toner supply mechanism 4 of the present invention may be other devices for storing the material (bamboo charcoal powder) and transporting the material (bamboo charcoal powder) to the collecting cover 321.

Referring to fig. 2 and 5, further, a storage rack 2 is arranged inside the firing chamber 1, the storage rack 2 includes a rotating rack 21, a plurality of placing layers 22 are distributed on the rotating rack 21, and the placing layers 22 are used for placing dry blanks; the diversion channel 311 is located in the middle of the rotating frame 21, and the placing layer 22 is driven to rotate by the rotating frame 21, so that when the dry blank located on the placing layer 22 is fired in the firing chamber 1, the dry blank is not always located at the same position, and the dry blank is conveniently and uniformly fired.

Referring to fig. 2, further, a carbon guide port 23 is provided at a position of the rotating frame 21 facing each placement layer 22, a moving member 33 is provided on an inner wall of the guide passage 311, an opening 331 corresponding to the carbon guide port 23 is provided on the moving member 33, a closing plate 332 is provided between the two openings 331, the closing plate 332 is used for blocking the carbon guide port 23, a push rod 333 is provided at a bottom of the firing chamber 1, the push rod 333 is located at a bottom of the firing chamber 1, the carbon guide port 23 provided at a position corresponding to each placement layer 22 is matched with the moving member 33, during firing, the closing plate 332 on the moving member 33 is matched with the carbon guide port 23, so that an upper portion of the guide passage 311 is in a closed state, and a bottom portion thereof is in an open state and is communicated with the firing chamber 1, after firing, the push rod 333 drives the moving member 33 to move downward, so that the closing plate 332 on the moving member 33 is separated from the carbon guide port 23, the opening 331 on the moving member 33 is matched with the carbon guide port 23, so that an upper portion of the guide passage 311 is in an open state and is communicated with the firing chamber 1, and the bottom portion of the guide passage 311 is combined with the bottom of the firing chamber 1, and the flue gas is distributed in the carbon guide port 23 for processing of the semi-charcoal powder.

Referring to fig. 5, a connecting plate 212 is further disposed on the rotating frame 21 at each layer of the placing layer 22, the middle portion of the rotating frame 21 penetrates the bottom of the firing chamber 1, and is connected to a second driving motor 213, and the rotating frame 21 is driven by the second driving motor 213 to rotate.

Referring to fig. 5, the placing layer 22 further includes a placing table 221, the bottom of the placing table 221 penetrates through the connecting plate 212 and is rotatably connected with the connecting plate 212, and the bottom of the placing table 221 is provided with a driven gear 222, and the rotating frame 21 drives the whole placing layer 22 to rotate.

Referring to fig. 5, further, a fixed inner gear ring 11 is disposed on the sidewall of the inner cavity of the firing chamber 1, the fixed inner gear ring 11 corresponds to each layer of the placing layer 22, and the fixed inner gear ring 11 is engaged with the driven gear 222 of each layer of the placing layer 22, a closed door 12 is disposed on one side of the outer wall of the firing chamber 1, and is engaged with the fixed inner gear ring 11 through the driven gear 222, when the rotating frame 21 drives the placing layer 22 to rotate, the driven gear 222 of the placing layer 22 also rotates, at this time, the driven gear 222 is engaged with the fixed inner gear ring 11, so that the driven gear 222 rotates reversely, and the placing platform 221 above the driven gear 222 is driven by the driven gear 222 to rotate opposite to the rotating frame 21.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 5, further, a supporting gear 211 is disposed on the rotating frame 21 at each layer of the placing layer 22, a connecting plate 212 is disposed on the upper periphery of the supporting gear 211, the middle portion of the rotating frame 21 penetrates through the bottom of the firing chamber 1, and a second driving motor 213 is connected to the rotating frame 21, and the second driving motor 213 drives the rotating frame 21 to rotate.

Referring to fig. 5, further, the placing layer 22 includes a placing table 221, the bottom of the placing table 221 penetrates through the connecting plate 212 and is rotatably connected with the connecting plate 212, a driven gear 222 is disposed at the bottom of the placing table 221, one side of the driven gear 222 is engaged with the supporting gear 211, and the rotating frame 21 drives the whole placing layer 22 to rotate.

Referring to fig. 5, further, a fixed inner gear ring 11 is disposed on the sidewall of the inner cavity of the firing chamber 1, the fixed inner gear ring 11 corresponds to each of the placing layers 22, and the fixed inner gear ring 11 is engaged with the other side of the driven gear 222 in each of the placing layers 22, a closed door 12 is disposed on one side of the outer wall of the firing chamber 1, and is engaged with the supporting gear 211 through one side of the driven gear 222 and the other side of the driven gear 11, when the rotating frame 21 drives the placing layers 22 to rotate, the driven gear 222 in the placing layers 22 also rotates, at this time, the driven gear 222 is engaged with the fixed inner gear ring 11, so that the driven gear 222 performs reverse rotation, and the placing platform 221 above the driven gear 222 is driven by the driven gear 222 to rotate opposite to the rotating frame 21.

The support gear 211 is utilized to further support and guide the rotation of the driven gear 222, and the stability of the rotation of the driven gear 222 is further ensured.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, further, a clamping groove 223 is disposed above the placing table 221, a placing tray 224 is disposed above the placing table 221, a clamping block 225 is disposed at the bottom of the placing tray 224 and is matched with the clamping groove 223, the bottom of the placing tray 224 is a hollow structure, dried blanks are borne by the placing tray 224 after being dried in the shade, the placing tray 224 is placed on the placing table 221 through the opened closed door 12, and the clamping groove 223 on the placing table 221 is matched with the clamping block 225 at the bottom of the placing tray 224, so that the placing tray 224 is stabilized on the placing layer 22.

The working principle is as follows: when in use, firstly, dried dry blanks after being dried in the shade are stacked in the placing tray 224, then the closing door 12 is opened, one vertical row of placing tables 221 is aligned to the opened closing door 12, then the placing tray 224 is placed on the placing table 221, the placing table 224 is fixed on the placing layer 22 through the matching of the clamping grooves 223 on the placing table 221 and the clamping blocks 225 at the bottom of the placing table 224, then the whole rotating frame 21 is driven by the second driving motor 213 to rotate, the placing table 221 in the vertical row is rotated away from the position of the closing door 12, the placing table 221 in the next vertical row replaces the placing table 221 in the previous vertical row, and all the dry blanks to be fired are placed on the storage frame 2 in a sequential manner;

after all the dry blanks to be fired are placed on the storage rack 2 in the firing chamber 1, the dry blanks in the firing chamber 1 are fired through the kiln body;

during firing, the second driving motor 213 drives the rotating frame 21 to rotate, so as to drive the whole placing layer 22 to rotate, because one side of the driven gear 222 at the bottom of the placing table 221 in the placing layer 22 is meshed with the supporting gear 211, and the other side is meshed with the fixed inner toothed ring 11, when the rotating frame 21 drives the placing layer 22 to integrally rotate, the driven gear 222 also rotates, at this time, the driven gear 222 is meshed with the fixed inner toothed ring 11, so that the driven gear 222 reversely rotates, and the driven gear 222 drives the placing table 221 above the driven gear to rotate opposite to the rotating frame 21;

the flue gas generated during firing is collected in the flue gas collecting chamber 322 through the guide assembly 31 for storage, the guide auger 312 arranged in the guide channel 311 is used for driving the guide auger 312 by the first driving motor 313 when the dry blank is fired by the firing chamber 1, the flue gas in the firing chamber 1 is pumped out and is guided into the flue gas collecting chamber 322 through the collecting cover 321 for storage, wherein during collection, the middle upper part of the guide channel 311 is in a closed state, the bottom of the guide channel is communicated with the firing chamber 1, high temperature generated by combustion can be gathered at the top of the inner cavity of the firing chamber 1, at the moment, the guide assembly 31 drives the air in the firing chamber 1 to flow, so that high-temperature air at the top of the inner cavity of the firing chamber 1 can flow, and the flue gas in the air is discharged out of the firing chamber 1 through the guide assembly 31 along with the flowing air;

then after firing is finished, when the black pottery semi-finished product obtained after firing is required to be carburized, the pushing rod 333 drives the moving member 33 to move downwards, so that the sealing plate 332 on the moving member 33 is separated from the carbon guide port 23, the opening 331 on the moving member 33 is matched with the carbon guide port 23, the middle upper part of the guide channel 311 is in an open state and is communicated with the firing chamber 1, the bottom of the guide channel 311 is combined with the bottom of the firing chamber 1, and at the moment, flue gas and carbon powder can be distributed in the firing chamber 1 through the carbon guide port 23 to provide carbon particles for the carburizing treatment of the black pottery semi-finished product;

then the carbon powder supply mechanism 4 is matched with the smoke collected by the smoke collection mechanism 3, carbon powder and smoke are led into the collection cover 321, at the moment, the carbon powder and the smoke enter the upper part of the flow guide channel 311, the middle upper part of the flow guide channel 311 is communicated with the interior of the firing chamber 1 at the moment, the carbon powder and the smoke can fall downwards, and when the carbon powder and the smoke fall, the first driving motor 313 drives the flow guide auger 312 to rotate, so that the flow guide auger 312 has upward driving force to collide with the falling carbon powder and the carbon particles in the smoke, then the carbon particles are dispersed to each layer of placement layer 22 through the carbon guide opening 23, at the moment, as the gas and natural water in the black pottery semi-finished product in a high-temperature state are discharged due to thermal expansion, organic matters and crystal water are decomposed or volatilized, the porosity of the blank is gradually increased in the continuous firing process, and then the carbon particles diffused in the kiln are just gushed into the air holes through the carbon particles provided for penetrating into the black pottery semi-finished product. The carbon particles are sealed in the black pottery semi-finished product and are fused into a whole, thereby completing the whole process of carburizing and blackening.

Comparative example 1

(1) And (3) blank preparation: drying red daub and kaolin in the air, crushing after drying in the air, crushing, sieving, and obtaining red daub powder and kaolin powder, wherein the aperture of the sieve is 180 meshes; uniformly mixing 300 parts by mass of distilled water, 100 parts by mass of red daub powder and 12 parts by mass of kaolin powder, soaking for 3 hours, filtering, and removing impurities to obtain slurry; precipitating the slurry, removing the water on the upper layer, drying the precipitate on the lower layer in the shade, and drying in the shade until the water content of the obtained mud blank is 40%; placing the mud blank in a vacuum mud stirring machine for kneading and stirring, cutting the kneaded mud block into blocks, and placing to obtain clay; performing blank drawing and molding on the pottery clay, and drying in the shade until the water content is 12% to obtain a pottery blank; trimming the greenware to enable the surface of the greenware to be flat and smooth, carving, polishing after the carving is finished, and obtaining a processed greenware after the polishing is finished; drying the treated greenware in a closed space in the shade for 72 hours to obtain a dried greenware;

(2) Preparing a black ceramic product: the dry blank is placed in the black ceramic product firing equipment for firing, the firing process is divided into four stages, and the first stage comprises the following steps: the kiln temperature is heated to 105 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a second stage: the firing temperature is heated to 295 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a third stage: the firing temperature is heated to 600 ℃, and the firing time is 4h; a fourth stage: and heating to 850 ℃ at the firing temperature, wherein the firing time is 6h, adding bamboo charcoal powder after the firing is finished, wherein the mass ratio of the added bamboo charcoal powder to the dry blank is 1.

Comparative example 2

(1) And (3) blank preparation: drying the red daub in the air, crushing, sieving, and screening to obtain red daub powder, wherein the aperture of the sieve is 180 meshes; uniformly mixing 300 parts by mass of distilled water, 100 parts by mass of red daub powder, 4 parts by mass of manganese dioxide and 3 parts by mass of copper oxide, soaking for 3 hours, filtering, and removing impurities to obtain slurry; precipitating the slurry, removing the water on the upper layer, drying the precipitate on the lower layer in the shade, and drying in the shade until the water content of the obtained mud blank is 40%; placing the mud blank in a vacuum mud stirring machine for kneading and stirring, cutting the kneaded mud block into blocks, and placing to obtain clay; performing blank drawing and molding on the pottery clay, and drying in the shade until the water content is 12% to obtain a pottery blank; trimming the greenware to enable the surface of the greenware to be flat and smooth, carving, polishing after the carving is finished, and obtaining a processed greenware after the polishing is finished; drying the treated greenware in a closed space in the shade for 72 hours to obtain a dried greenware;

(2) Preparing a black ceramic product: the dry blank is placed in the black ceramic product firing equipment for firing, the firing process is divided into four stages, and the first stage comprises the following steps: the kiln temperature is heated to 105 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a second stage: the firing temperature is heated to 295 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a third stage: the firing temperature is heated to 600 ℃, and the firing time is 4h; a fourth stage: heating the firing temperature to 850 ℃ for 6h, adding bamboo charcoal powder after firing, wherein the mass ratio of the added bamboo charcoal powder to the dry blank is 1.

Comparative example 3

(1) And (3) blank preparation: drying red daub and kaolin in the air, crushing after drying in the air, crushing, sieving, and obtaining red daub powder and kaolin powder, wherein the aperture of the sieve is 180 meshes; uniformly mixing 300 parts by mass of distilled water, 100 parts by mass of red daub powder, 12 parts by mass of kaolin powder, 4 parts by mass of manganese dioxide and 3 parts by mass of copper oxide, soaking for 3 hours, filtering, and removing impurities to obtain slurry; precipitating the slurry, removing the water on the upper layer, drying the precipitate on the lower layer in the shade, and drying in the shade until the water content of the obtained mud blank is 40%; placing the mud blank in a vacuum mud stirring machine for kneading and stirring, cutting the kneaded mud block into blocks, and placing to obtain clay; performing blank drawing and shaping on the pottery clay, and drying in the shade until the water content is 12% to obtain a pottery blank; trimming the greenware to enable the surface of the greenware to be flat and smooth, then carving, polishing after the carving is finished, and obtaining a processed greenware after the polishing is finished; drying the treated greenware in a closed space in the shade for 72 hours to obtain a dried greenware;

(2) Preparing a black ceramic product: the dry blank is placed in the black ceramic product firing equipment to be fired without carburizing treatment, and the firing process is divided into four stages, namely: the kiln temperature is heated to 105 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a second stage: the firing temperature is heated to 295 ℃, and the firing time is 1.5h; and a third stage: the firing temperature is heated to 600 ℃, and the firing time is 4h; a fourth stage: and heating to 850 ℃ at the firing temperature, wherein the firing time is 6h, and after the firing is finished, keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ and the firing time at 10h to obtain the black pottery product.

The black ceramics of the examples and comparative examples were tested using an HTS type 1000A digital developing Brookfield hardness tester.

TABLE 1 Black pottery hardness and crack testing

The results show that the hardness of the black ceramic product prepared by adding the metal powder and the kaolin into the red daub is greatly improved to 73.1HB, and after carburization, carbon particles are uniformly filled in air holes, so that the crack rate is effectively reduced to 0.01%.

Claims

1. A black ceramic product sintering process is characterized in that: the black ceramic product firing process comprises the following steps:

step (5) forming: performing blank drawing and shaping on the pottery clay, and drying in the shade after shaping until the water content of the obtained pottery blank is 10-15%;

step (8) firing and carburizing: use black pottery product to fire equipment and fire and carburize dry base, black pottery product fires equipment and collects the mechanism including firing room, storage rack, flue gas, and the storage rack includes the rotating turret, places the layer, leads the carbon mouth, and the mechanism is collected including water conservancy diversion subassembly, collection subassembly and moving member to the flue gas, including following steps:

s1, placing a dry blank on a placing layer in a firing chamber, heating and firing, wherein in the firing process, a guide assembly in a smoke collection mechanism collects smoke generated in the firing process, a sealing plate on a moving piece is matched with a carbon guide port, the middle upper part of a guide channel is in a closed state, the bottom of the guide channel is in an open state and communicated with the firing chamber, the smoke in the firing chamber is guided and collected, and a black pottery semi-finished product is obtained after firing;

s2, placing bamboo charcoal powder in a charcoal powder supply mechanism, wherein the charcoal powder supply mechanism is matched with the smoke collected by the smoke collection mechanism to provide carbon particles for the interior of a firing chamber, dispersing the carbon particles around the black pottery semi-finished product through a carbon guide port arranged on a rotating frame in a reduction atmosphere, and performing carburization treatment on the black pottery semi-finished product; after firing is finished, the pushing rod drives the moving piece to move downwards, so that the sealing plate on the moving piece is separated from the carbon guide port, the opening on the moving piece is matched with the carbon guide port, the middle upper part of the flow guide channel is in an open state and is communicated with the firing chamber, the bottom of the flow guide channel is combined with the bottom of the firing chamber, and at the moment, flue gas and bamboo charcoal powder can be distributed in the firing chamber through the carbon guide port to provide carbon particles for carburizing of a black pottery semi-finished product;

and (5) carburizing the semi-finished black pottery product to obtain a black pottery product.

2. A black ceramic firing process according to claim 1, wherein: the aperture of the sieve in the step (1) is 150-200 meshes.

3. A black ceramic firing process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the mass parts of the distilled water, the red daub powder, the kaolin powder, the manganese dioxide and the copper oxide are 120-400 parts, 100 parts, 8-15 parts, 2-6 parts and 1-5 parts respectively.

4. A black ceramic product firing process according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials in the step (1) also comprise green paste mud.

5. A black ceramic product firing process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (8), the firing process is divided into four stages, namely: heating the kiln to 105 ℃ for 2-4h; and a second stage: the firing temperature is 105-295 ℃, and the firing time is 2-4h; and a third stage: the firing temperature is 295-600 ℃, and the firing time is 4-6h; a fourth stage: the firing temperature is 600-850 ℃, and the firing time is 8-10h.

6. The utility model provides a black ceramics burns equipment, includes the furnace body, the furnace body is including firing the room, its characterized in that: the furnace kiln body comprises a flue gas collecting mechanism and a carbon powder supplying mechanism, the flue gas collecting mechanism is arranged in the firing chamber, and the flue gas collecting mechanism comprises a flow guide assembly; when the dry blank is fired in the kiln body, the bottom of the flow guide assembly is communicated with the firing chamber, so that black smoke generated during firing is guided and collected by the bottom of the smoke collection mechanism, and high-temperature parts in the firing chamber can flow; when the black pottery semi-finished product obtained by firing the dry blank is subjected to carburization treatment, the collected black smoke and the bamboo charcoal powder provided by the carbon powder supply mechanism are dispersed in the firing chamber through the flow guide assembly; the flue gas collecting mechanism further comprises a collecting assembly, the collecting assembly comprises a collecting cover, the collecting cover is arranged above the firing chamber, one side of the collecting cover is connected with the flue gas collecting chamber, and the carbon powder supplying mechanism is connected with the other side of the collecting cover;

the flow guide assembly comprises a flow guide channel, a flow guide auger is arranged in the flow guide channel, one end of the flow guide auger is connected with a first driving motor, the first driving motor is arranged above the collecting cover, the first driving motor penetrates through the collecting cover through a coupler to be connected with the flow guide auger, and the top of the flow guide channel is communicated with the collecting cover;

a storage rack is arranged in the firing chamber and comprises a rotating rack, a plurality of placing layers are distributed on the rotating rack, and the placing layers are used for placing greenware; the flow guide channel is positioned in the middle of the rotating frame.