CN114619724A - 一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114619724A
CN114619724A CN202011435623.3A CN202011435623A CN114619724A CN 114619724 A CN114619724 A CN 114619724A CN 202011435623 A CN202011435623 A CN 202011435623A CN 114619724 A CN114619724 A CN 114619724A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
composite material
layer
wave
metal
absorbing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202011435623.3A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
陈照峰
肖七巧
杨丽霞
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Original Assignee
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics filed Critical Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Priority to CN202011435623.3A priority Critical patent/CN114619724A/zh
Publication of CN114619724A publication Critical patent/CN114619724A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62844—Coating fibres
    • C04B35/62847—Coating fibres with oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62849—Silica or silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62844—Coating fibres
    • C04B35/62857—Coating fibres with non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62865—Nitrides
    • C04B35/62868—Boron nitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/74—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing shaped metallic materials
    • C04B35/76—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/88—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
    • H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/04—Inorganic
    • B32B2266/045—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C04B2235/3826—Silicon carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5244—Silicon carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77—Density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料，由0.2～2mm厚表面层、2～10mm厚混合层和0.2～2mm厚反射层依次叠层而成，表面层为金属网或金属泡沫增强复合材料，混合层为具周期性结构的陶瓷基复合材料，所述反射层为气孔率0～5％的金属。该复合材料的制备方法包括：增强体制备、表面层制备、界面制备、基体制备和反射层制备。本发明改善了碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料在高温下的吸波性能，制备的结构改性的吸波材料具有耐高温性和结构强度，解决了传统吸波材料高温下吸波性能不稳定的问题，有效地实现结构功能一体化。

Description

一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸波材料，尤其涉及一种结构改性的吸波复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着超高声速飞行器的逐步发展，对于吸波部件更是提出了耐高温的要求。而现在的吸波复合材料体系多为树脂基复合材料，采用的吸波剂多为铁基等磁性吸收剂，当其在高温下使用时，传统树脂基吸波复合材料面临基体失效、磁性吸收剂因达到居里温度失去磁性导致复合材料吸波性能下降的问题。因此，对复合材料进行结构改性，开发具有耐高温性能的结构吸波复合材料具有十分重要的实际意义。
然而目前空开的研究较多的吸波复合材料还是以树脂基复合材料、铁磁性吸收剂为主，对于耐高温席海波复合材料体系研究较少。
授权公告号为CN106380626B的中国发明专利公开了一种宽频吸波材料，该宽频吸波材料分为两层，包括底层的低频吸波材料与表层的高频吸波材料，该高频吸波材料表层包含若干层不同浓度的高频吸波层；该低频吸波材料使用的添加剂为FeSi或FeSiAl微粒，该高频吸波材料的添加剂选用羰基铁微粒。该发明宽频吸波材料的制备方法为通过滚压方法制备低频吸波材料底层，采用三维成型工艺制备高频吸波材料表层，改制备方法将多次滚压与三维成型相结合，首先保证了各层之间具有一定的粘结强度，并且能够控制各层的厚度和调节内部结构和微粒分布，有效实现材料的电磁特性设计要求，实有效提升了材料的可设计性，实现了吸波材料空间结构一体化制造，同时生产效率高，制备成本低，具有大规模生产的潜力。
授权公告号为CN105252779B的中国发明专利公开了一种吸波材料三维成型制造系统，该方法包含：制备树脂基片形吸波材料制备；使树脂基片形吸波材料内结构有序成型；制造具有有序结构的吸波微粉；通过三维成型制造热熔塑料基吸波材料；控制热熔塑料基吸波材料的磁场。该发明还提供了一种吸波材料三维成型制造系统，包含树脂基片形吸波微粒成型制造模块，有序分布吸波微团制备模块，脉冲式加压温控打印模块，三维成型三坐标机构模块。通过该方法将吸波材料的电磁设计和制造相结合起来，有效实现了复杂结构吸波材料的制备，提升了对内部结构可控性，提高吸波材料的可设计性和吸波性能。
授权公告号为CN106304820B的中国发明专利公开了一种智能型吸波材料，该智能型吸波材料从上至下依次为高频吸波层、低频吸波层和基底层。高频吸波层材料吸收2GHz～18GHz频段的电磁波，包含表层高频吸波材料和嵌设于表层高频吸波材料中的中间层高频吸波材料，该高频吸波层使用羰基铁颗粒作为添加剂。低频吸波层材料吸收1GHz～2GHz频段电磁波，采用FeSi颗粒添加剂。基底层包含金属衬底和嵌设于金属衬底中的驱动电磁铁。该发明还公开了该吸波材料的制备方法，具有成型效率高，成本低的优点，且制备的吸波材料具有较好的电磁波吸收或屏蔽效果以及很好的抗氧化和耐腐蚀。
由上述发明实例可以看出这类吸波材料的高温性能较差，而碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料具有较好的耐温性能，且由于其介电损耗具有较高的吸波潜力。受限于材料的本证电磁特性及谐振电厚度的影响，单纯使用碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料来吸收电磁波能力也十分有限，采用周期性结构对其进行结构改性可提高材料的宽频吸波能力，同时保持有较好的耐高温性能和结构强度。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提出一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料，由0.2～2mm厚表面层、2～10mm厚混合层和0.2～2mm厚反射层依次叠层而成，所述的表面层为金属网或金属泡沫增强复合材料，所述的混合层为具周期性结构的陶瓷基复合材料，所述反射层为气孔率0～5％的金属。
进一步地，所述的表面层的金属网或金属泡沫增强复合材料，从金属丝或者骨架横截面由圆心向外沿径向依次为金属、氮化硼或氧化硅、碳化硅，金属网的目数为20～200，金属丝的直径为0.1～100μm，金属泡沫的孔径为20～200μm，该层的孔隙率为15％～50％，其表面具有耐烧蚀涂层。
优选地，所述的复合材料混合层为连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料，周期性结构位于碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的中间，为具有周期性结构图案的导电导热膜，周期性图案为线段、多边形、圆形、椭圆中的一种或几种的组合，线段的长度为0.2mm～20mm，宽度为0.01mm～5mm，多边形的边数为3～20，圆形的直径为0.1mm～20mm，椭圆的长轴或短轴为0.1～20mm。
上述耐高温结构吸波复合材料的制备方法包括以下顺序的步骤：
步骤1，制备具有周期性结构图案的导电导热膜，将其铺放在已进行除胶的碳化硅纤维布上，并在其上下再分别铺放一定数量的碳化硅纤维布，纤维布的层数为2～30，制备得到增强体；
步骤2，将金属网或金属泡沫增强复合材料铺放在增强体的最上层；
步骤3，使用硼酸和尿素或者硅溶胶采用浸渍涂覆法对步骤2得到的材料制备氮化硼界面或者氧化硅界面，热解温度为700～1200℃，热解时间为30～200分钟；
步骤4，通过化学气相沉积或者浸渍-热解对纤维预制体制备碳化硅基体，气相沉积或浸渍热解的温度为800～1200℃；
步骤5，抛光复合材料的表面，对复合材料的下表面通过等离子喷涂、电镀或者真空浸渗制备反射层金属。
与现有材料及技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：(1)有效提升复合材料在高温下的的吸波性能；(2)吸波复合材料具有结构功能一体化特性，具有优异的吸波性能、结构强度与耐高温性能；(3)复合材料的反射损耗可达-20dB，吸波频带宽至6GHz。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例1
一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料，由0.5mm厚表面层、2mm厚混合层和0.5mm厚反射层依次叠层而成，所述的表面层为金属网增强复合材料，采用的金属为铜，所述的混合层为具周期性结构的陶瓷基复合材料，所述反射层为气孔率1％的金属。
进一步地，所述的表面层的金属网增强复合材料，从金属丝横截面由圆心向外沿径向依次为金属、氮化硼、碳化硅，金属网的目数为20，金属丝的直径为50μm，该层的孔隙率为20％，其表面具有耐烧蚀涂层。
优选地，所述的复合材料混合层为连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料，周期性结构位于碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的中间，为具有周期性结构图案的导电导热膜，周期性图案为多边形，线段的长度为0.2mm～20mm，宽度为0.01mm～5mm，多边形为边数12的十字形，组成十字的长方形的长为8mm、宽为3mm。
上述耐高温结构吸波复合材料的制备方法包括以下顺序的步骤：
步骤1，制备具有周期性结构图案的导电导热膜，将其铺放在已进行除胶的碳化硅纤维布上，并在其上下再分别铺放3层和6层的碳化硅纤维布，制备得到增强体；
步骤2，将金属网增强复合材料铺放在增强体的最上层；
步骤3，使用硼酸和尿素或者硅溶胶采用浸渍涂覆法对步骤2得到的材料制备氮化硼界面，热解温度为1000℃，热解时间为60分钟；
步骤4，使用三氯甲基硅烷作为反应物，氢气作为载气，通过化学气相沉积对纤维预制体制备碳化硅基体，气相沉积温度为1000℃，沉积时间为10h；
步骤5，抛光复合材料的表面，对复合材料的下表面通过等离子喷涂反射层金属。
制备的上述复合材料在8.2-13.4GHz频段对电磁波的吸收可达90％，反射率最小值可达到-18.1dB，同时材料的耐温性好，600℃下反射率低至-8.4dB，在结构吸波领域有重要应用价值。
实施例2
一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料，由0.3mm厚表面层、3.5mm厚混合层和1mm厚反射层依次叠层而成，所述的表面层为金属泡沫增强复合材料，使用的金属为镍泡沫，所述的混合层为具周期性结构的陶瓷基复合材料，所述反射层为气孔率0.5％的金属。
进一步地，所述的表面层的金属泡沫增强复合材料，从金属骨架横截面由圆心向外沿径向依次为金属、氧化硅、碳化硅，金属泡沫的孔径为100μm，该层的孔隙率为45％，其表面具有耐烧蚀涂层。
优选地，所述的复合材料混合层为连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料，周期性结构位于碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的中间，为具有周期性结构图案的导电导热膜，周期性图案为圆形、圆形的直径为5mm。
上述耐高温结构吸波复合材料的制备方法包括以下顺序的步骤：
步骤1，制备具有周期性结构图案的导电导热膜，将其铺放在已进行除胶的碳化硅纤维布上，并在其上下再分别铺放5层和8层的碳化硅纤维布，备得到增强体；
步骤2，将金属泡沫增强复合材料铺放在增强体的最上层；
步骤3，使用硅溶胶采用浸渍涂覆法对步骤2得到的材料制备氧化硅界面，硅溶胶为先驱体，外加压力0.5MPa进行真空浸渍，在90℃保温12小时脱水凝胶化，750℃保温2小时进行热解，制备二氧化硅界面；
步骤4，通过浸渍-热解对纤维预制体制备碳化硅基体，使用聚碳硅烷为先驱体，二甲苯为溶剂，二者质量比为1∶1，热解的温度为1000℃；
步骤5，抛光复合材料的表面，对复合材料的下表面通过电镀制备反射层金属。
制备的上述复合材料的密度低于2.6g/cm3，耐高温性能好，抗氧化性能优异，在X波段的反射率可达-12dB，吸波频宽达4GHz。
上述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料，由0.2～2mm厚表面层、2～10mm厚混合层和0.2～2mm厚反射层依次叠层而成，所述的表面层为金属网或金属泡沫增强复合材料，所述的混合层为具周期性结构的陶瓷基复合材料，所述反射层为气孔率0～5％的金属。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温结构吸波复合材料，其特征在于所述的表面层的金属网或金属泡沫增强复合材料，从金属丝或者骨架横截面由圆心向外沿径向依次为金属、氮化硼或氧化硅、碳化硅，金属网的目数为20～200，金属丝的直径为0.1～100μm，金属泡沫的孔径为20～200μm，该层的孔隙率为15％～50％，其表面具有耐烧蚀涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温结构吸波复合材料，其特征在于所述的复合材料混合层为连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料，周期性结构位于碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的中间，为具有周期性结构图案的导电导热膜，周期性图案为线段、多边形、圆形、椭圆中的一种或几种的组合，线段的长度为0.2mm～20mm，宽度为0.01mm～5mm，多边形的边数为3～20，圆形的直径为0.1mm～20mm，椭圆的长轴或短轴为0.1～20mm。
4.一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料的制备方法其特征在于包括以下顺序的步骤：
步骤1，制备具有周期性结构图案的导电导热膜，将其铺放在已进行除胶的碳化硅纤维布上，并在其上下再分别铺放一定数量的碳化硅纤维布，纤维布的层数为2～30，制备得到增强体；
步骤2，将金属网或金属泡沫增强复合材料铺放在增强体的最上层；
步骤3，使用硼酸和尿素或者硅溶胶采用浸渍涂覆法对步骤2得到的材料制备氮化硼界面或者氧化硅界面，热解温度为700～1200℃，热解时间为30～200分钟；
步骤4，通过化学气相沉积或者浸渍-热解对纤维预制体制备碳化硅基体，气相沉积或浸渍热解的温度为800～1200℃；
步骤5，抛光复合材料的表面，对复合材料的下表面通过等离子喷涂、电镀或者真空浸渗制备反射层金属。
CN202011435623.3A 2020-12-10 2020-12-10 一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料及其制备方法 Pending CN114619724A (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011435623.3A CN114619724A (zh) 2020-12-10 2020-12-10 一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料及其制备方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011435623.3A CN114619724A (zh) 2020-12-10 2020-12-10 一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料及其制备方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114619724A true CN114619724A (zh) 2022-06-14

Family

ID=81896219

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202011435623.3A Pending CN114619724A (zh) 2020-12-10 2020-12-10 一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料及其制备方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114619724A (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115874159A (zh) * 2022-11-17 2023-03-31 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 一种基于碳吸收剂的耐高温吸波薄膜的制备方法
CN116425558A (zh) * 2023-05-10 2023-07-14 中北大学 一种含有界面层的连续碳化硅纤维增强莫来石基复合材料及其制备方法

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2592395A1 (fr) * 1985-12-26 1987-07-03 Grandclement Gilbert Procede de realisation d'un reflecteur d'ondes hyperfrequences par depot ionique sur matiere plastique injectee.
US5238741A (en) * 1989-10-19 1993-08-24 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Silicon carbide filaments bearing a carbon layer and a titanium carbide or titanium boride layer
CN101259463A (zh) * 2008-04-30 2008-09-10 东北大学 一种泡沫铝合金基吸波材料的制备方法
CN101760706A (zh) * 2008-12-24 2010-06-30 中国科学院金属研究所 一种铝基微/纳米多孔非晶合金材料及其制备方法
CN102002300A (zh) * 2010-10-19 2011-04-06 东北大学 一种泡沫铝合金吸波材料的制备方法
CN103924113A (zh) * 2014-03-21 2014-07-16 苏州宇希新材料科技有限公司 一种以泡沫铝为基体的铁氧体复合吸波材料
CN106042515A (zh) * 2016-05-18 2016-10-26 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 一种夹层结构的耐高温雷达吸波材料及其制备方法
CN109677038A (zh) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-26 北京机电工程研究所 一种兼容耐温性能与力学性能的超宽频吸波结构及其制备方法
CN109720027A (zh) * 2019-03-05 2019-05-07 中南大学 一种基于金属涂层的耐高温结构吸波材料及其制备方法
CN110461137A (zh) * 2019-07-31 2019-11-15 西北工业大学 一种三维泡沫型复合吸波材料及其制备方法

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2592395A1 (fr) * 1985-12-26 1987-07-03 Grandclement Gilbert Procede de realisation d'un reflecteur d'ondes hyperfrequences par depot ionique sur matiere plastique injectee.
US5238741A (en) * 1989-10-19 1993-08-24 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Silicon carbide filaments bearing a carbon layer and a titanium carbide or titanium boride layer
CN101259463A (zh) * 2008-04-30 2008-09-10 东北大学 一种泡沫铝合金基吸波材料的制备方法
CN101760706A (zh) * 2008-12-24 2010-06-30 中国科学院金属研究所 一种铝基微/纳米多孔非晶合金材料及其制备方法
CN102002300A (zh) * 2010-10-19 2011-04-06 东北大学 一种泡沫铝合金吸波材料的制备方法
CN103924113A (zh) * 2014-03-21 2014-07-16 苏州宇希新材料科技有限公司 一种以泡沫铝为基体的铁氧体复合吸波材料
CN106042515A (zh) * 2016-05-18 2016-10-26 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 一种夹层结构的耐高温雷达吸波材料及其制备方法
CN109677038A (zh) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-26 北京机电工程研究所 一种兼容耐温性能与力学性能的超宽频吸波结构及其制备方法
CN109720027A (zh) * 2019-03-05 2019-05-07 中南大学 一种基于金属涂层的耐高温结构吸波材料及其制备方法
CN110461137A (zh) * 2019-07-31 2019-11-15 西北工业大学 一种三维泡沫型复合吸波材料及其制备方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115874159A (zh) * 2022-11-17 2023-03-31 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 一种基于碳吸收剂的耐高温吸波薄膜的制备方法
CN116425558A (zh) * 2023-05-10 2023-07-14 中北大学 一种含有界面层的连续碳化硅纤维增强莫来石基复合材料及其制备方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN114619724A (zh) 一种耐高温结构吸波复合材料及其制备方法
Ren et al. State of the art and prospects in metal-organic framework-derived microwave absorption materials
Wang et al. A review on carbon/magnetic metal composites for microwave absorption
Xu et al. Facile synthesis of three-dimensional porous Co/MnO composites derived from bimetal oxides for highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption
Shu et al. Size-morphology control, surface reaction mechanism and excellent electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics of Fe3O4 hollow spheres
CN106450795B (zh) 一种双频极化不敏感单层超材料吸波结构
CN104250070A (zh) 吸波材料及其制备方法
CN112436286B (zh) 一种频带可调的柔性多层吸波材料及其制备方法
CN107834152B (zh) 一种利用fss和微型热管实现阵面散热的共形承载天线
CN109167181A (zh) 一种图形化蜂窝单元宽带周期吸波结构
CN112659664B (zh) 一种超宽频防隔热/隐身/承载/电磁屏蔽一体化复合材料及其制备方法
Yang et al. Research Progress of Metal Organic Frameworks/Carbon‐Based Composites for Microwave Absorption
CN114466580A (zh) 一种碳化硅/碳化铪纳米线改性碳化硅涂层增强石墨烯蜂窝基纳米气凝胶隔热吸波复合材料
CN103682672A (zh) 基于频率选择表面的超轻薄宽带吸波材料
CN110690579A (zh) 一种基于3d打印技术的结构型宽频带吸波材料的制备方法
CN112095351B (zh) 一种频带可调的一体化多层吸波平面织物及其制备方法
CN101650977A (zh) 纳米铁氧化物/石墨复合电磁波吸收材料及其制备方法
Qi et al. Novel Microwave Absorber of Ni x Mn1–x Fe2O4/Carbonized Chaff (x= 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) Based on Biomass
CN109346848B (zh) 一种SiC-铁氧体/碳质材料高温吸波复合材料及其制备方法
CN114621728A (zh) 一种耐高温宽频吸波结构复合材料及其制备方法
CN101518964B (zh) 一种与偏振无关的高性能可调谐复合型微波吸收材料
CN117002111A (zh) 一种层状耐高温吸波玻璃布蜂窝芯结构及其制备方法
Li et al. Fabrication of a flexible microwave absorber sheet based on a composite filler with fly ash as the core filled silicone rubber
CN111293441B (zh) 一种吸透波一体化吸波器
CN112876271A (zh) 一种基于有耗高温电磁周期结构的吸波陶瓷翼舵类构件及其制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20220614

WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication