CN114616948A - 一种水稻栽培高产浸种方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水稻栽培高产浸种方法,主要包括晒种、选种、洗种、消毒、再次洗种、药剂浸种、清水浸种等步骤,通过多次清洗、消毒和浸种,确保稻种获得足够的水分和氧气,确保稻种在发芽萌发阶段胚和胚乳具有良好的呼吸,代谢加强,加快稻种的发芽,且发芽后在育秧过程中,秧苗长势良好,为水稻的高产提供基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水稻种植领域,更具体的说涉及一种水稻栽培高产浸种方法。
背景技术
水稻是我国栽培历史悠久的主要粮食作物之一。稻米营养价值高,适口性好,容易消化,不仅是我国的主要食粮,世界上也约有一半人口以稻米为主食。稻谷副产品用途广泛,其米糠既是家畜的精饲料,也是医药原料,谷壳可作为工业原料,稻草除可做家畜饲料和食用菌生产原料以及有机肥料外,还是造纸工业等的原料,可以说水稻全身是宝。我国农业学家研发人员等一直致力于水稻高产培育和种植研究,发现水稻浸种催芽过程是影响水稻产量的重要过程。在水稻种植中,正确且有效的浸种和催芽操作,为水稻高产提供了保证。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种水稻栽培高产浸种方法,通过对浸种过程和步骤的控制,确保水稻种子发芽率高,秧苗壮实,水稻整体长势好,穗长,结实饱满。
本发明技术方案一种水稻栽培高产浸种方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)晒种:选择具有阳光的晴朗天气,且温度在15-25℃,将稻种进行薄摊,采用阳光直射照射晾晒,连续晾晒时长不小于5小时,总晾晒时长为40-50小时;
(2)选种:通过风选、水选或色选去除霉粒、虫粒和空粒稻,获得健康的饱实的水稻种子;
(3)第一次洗种:浸种前采用温度为20-28℃清水对水稻种子进行清洗,清洗2-3遍,清洗中伴随缓慢搅拌,清洗时长控制在30分钟内;清洗完成后,阴凉风干;
(4)消毒:将清洗后的稻种完全浸没至氯水中,进行消毒,控制水温在20-25℃,缓慢搅拌,消毒时间控制在1-1.5小时;
(5)第二次洗种:将消毒后的稻种进行清洗,利用20-28℃清水对其进行缓慢搅拌清洗,清洗时长控制在20分钟以内;
(6)第一次浸种:选用复合浸种液进行浸种,将稻种全部淹没浸泡在浸种液中,连续浸种15-20小时;在连续浸种过程中,至少进行一次搅拌和一次更换相同浓度与成分的复合浸种液,复合浸种液温度控制在30-32℃;
(7)第二次浸种:将经过第一次浸种的稻种置于清水中,控制浸种清水温度在25-28℃,5-5.5小时换一次水,浸种至露白,然后进入育秧过程。
优选地,所述复合浸种液浓度为0.05-0.08%g/L,为浸种剂溶解至清水中调配而成;所述浸种剂为按照重量计包括有:苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂0.03-0.06份,10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂0.02-0.05份,20%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂0.02-0.05份,25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂0.08-0.15份,乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.05-0.15份,石膏粉1-5份,聚乙二醇1-3份,碳酸钠10-20份,柠檬酸12-20份。
本发明技术方案的一种水稻栽培高产浸种方法的有益效果是:通过多次清洗、消毒和浸种,确保稻种获得足够的水分和氧气,确保稻种在发芽萌发阶段胚和胚乳具有良好的呼吸,代谢加强,加快稻种的发芽,且发芽后在育秧过程中,秧苗长势良好,为水稻的高产提供基础。
具体实施方式
为便于本领域技术人员理解本发明技术方案,现结合说明书实施例对本发明技术方案做进一步的说明。
本发明技术方案一种水稻栽培高产浸种方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)晒种:选择具有阳光的晴朗天气,且温度在15-25℃,将稻种进行薄摊,采用阳光直射照射晾晒,连续晾晒时长不小于5小时,总晾晒时长为40-50小时。通过较低温缓慢晾晒,将水稻种子由外之内均晾晒除去因存放吸收的空气中的水分,同时利用紫外线进行杀菌和消毒,提高种子抗病能力。
(2)选种:通过风选、水选或色选去除霉粒、虫粒和空粒稻,获得健康的饱实的水稻种子。确保种子的发芽率和存活率,筛除坏种,为水稻高产提供条件。
(3)第一次洗种:浸种前采用温度为20-28℃清水对水稻种子进行清洗,清洗2-3遍,清洗中伴随缓慢搅拌,清洗时长控制在30分钟内。清洗完成后,阴凉风干。通过清洗去除种子上的粘附物,同时在清洗时,避免时间过长,确保仅仅对种子表面进行清洗,避免过长的清洗时间,使得水稻种子吸收了大量水分,应后续浸种操作和作用。
(4)消毒:将清洗后的稻种完全浸没至氯水中,进行消毒,控制水温在20-25℃,缓慢搅拌,消毒时间控制在1-1.5小时。对水稻种子进行消毒除菌处理,确保消毒彻底,但是也避免过长时间的消毒操作,使得稻种内部吸收消毒液。
(5)第二次洗种:将消毒后的稻种进行清洗,利用20-28℃清水对其进行缓慢搅拌清洗,清洗时长控制在20分钟以内。彻底去除水稻表面的消毒液和粘附物,为后续浸种处理做好准备。
(6)第一次浸种:选用复合浸种液进行浸种,将稻种全部淹没浸泡在浸种液中,连续浸种15-20小时。在连续浸种过程中,至少进行一次搅拌和一次更换相同浓度与成分的复合浸种液,复合浸种液温度控制在30-32℃。通过搅拌,确保浸种均匀。通过更换浸种液,确保浸种液的浓度和浸种液中氧气量,避免在浸种中大量的二氧化碳溶解在浸种液中,应该水稻种子的呼吸。通过浸种,杀灭种子中的病虫害和细菌,提高秧苗的抗病虫害能力。
所述复合浸种液浓度为0.05-0.08%g/L,为浸种剂溶解至清水中调配而成;所述浸种剂为按照重量计包括有:苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂0.03-0.06份,10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂0.02-0.05份,20%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂0.02-0.05份,25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂0.08-0.15份,乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.05-0.15份,石膏粉1-5份,聚乙二醇1-3份,碳酸钠10-20份,柠檬酸12-20份。采用本浸种剂浸种,在种植发芽后,能够快速复绿,帮助发芽的种子快速进入光合作用,快速生长。
(7)第二次浸种:将经过第一次浸种的稻种置于清水中,控制浸种清水温度在25-28℃,5-5.5小时换一次水,浸种至露白,然后进入育秧过程。在浸种液浸种后,再采用清水浸种,直至水稻种子露白。再次采用清水浸种,使得稻种吸足水分,使稻种表皮膨胀软化,氧气溶于水中,随水分吸收渗入到种子细胞内,增强胚和胚乳的呼吸作用。种子内部代谢加强,使胚乳贮藏的复杂的不溶性物质转变为简单的可溶性物质,供幼小器官生长。水分将有机物质迅速运送到生长中的胚芽、胚根中去,加速种子发芽进程。
本发明技术方案在上面结合实施例对发明进行了示例性描述,显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制,只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性改进,或未经改进将发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的,均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种水稻栽培高产浸种方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)晒种:选择具有阳光的晴朗天气,且温度在15-25℃,将稻种进行薄摊,采用阳光直射照射晾晒,连续晾晒时长不小于5小时,总晾晒时长为40-50小时;
(2)选种:通过风选、水选或色选去除霉粒、虫粒和空粒稻,获得健康的饱实的水稻种子;
(3)第一次洗种:浸种前采用温度为20-28℃清水对水稻种子进行清洗,清洗2-3遍,清洗中伴随缓慢搅拌,清洗时长控制在30分钟内;清洗完成后,阴凉风干;
(4)消毒:将清洗后的稻种完全浸没至氯水中,进行消毒,控制水温在20-25℃,缓慢搅拌,消毒时间控制在1-1.5小时;
(5)第二次洗种:将消毒后的稻种进行清洗,利用20-28℃清水对其进行缓慢搅拌清洗,清洗时长控制在20分钟以内;
(6)第一次浸种:选用复合浸种液进行浸种,将稻种全部淹没浸泡在浸种液中,连续浸种15-20小时;在连续浸种过程中,至少进行一次搅拌和一次更换相同浓度与成分的复合浸种液,复合浸种液温度控制在30-32℃;
(7)第二次浸种:将经过第一次浸种的稻种置于清水中,控制浸种清水温度在25-28℃,5-5.5小时换一次水,浸种至露白,然后进入育秧过程。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻栽培高产浸种方法,其特征在于,所述复合浸种液浓度为0.05-0.08%g/L,为浸种剂溶解至清水中调配而成;所述浸种剂为按照重量计包括有:苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂0.03-0.06份,10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂0.02-0.05份,20%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂0.02-0.05份,25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂0.08-0.15份,乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.05-0.15份,石膏粉1-5份,聚乙二醇1-3份,碳酸钠10-20份,柠檬酸12-20份。
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