CN114600810A - Efficient alternate breeding method for procambarus clarkii and eriocheir sinensis - Google Patents
Efficient alternate breeding method for procambarus clarkii and eriocheir sinensis Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a method for efficiently alternately cultivating procambarus clarkia and mitten crabs. The method comprises the following steps: (1) modifying the rice field; (2) putting the crab seedlings; (3) putting shrimp seeds into the annular culture ditch at the bottom of 3 months, and putting high-protein feed 1, wherein the specification of the shrimp seeds is 300-; (4) planting rice; (5) keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth of 12-15cm from 7 months to 9 months; (6) and fishing the crabs in the middle and late october. The method provided by the invention can reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the rice field and can double the comprehensive benefits of the farmland through the complementation, mutual promotion and mutual control of rice, shrimps and crabs, thereby having remarkable economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a method for efficiently alternately cultivating procambarus clarkia and mitten crabs.
Background
Procambarus clarkii, also known as crayfish, belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, Crustacea, order decapod, Mantis, Procambarus, and Procambarus. At present, the production of procambarus clarkii fries is basically in the conditions of natural propagation, earth pond cultivation and the like, has the defects of irregular fry specification, unstable quantity, large damage, poor operability and the like, and cannot form batch and stable high-quality fry production capacity.
Chinese mitten crabs are commonly called hairy crabs, river crabs and hairy crabs. The aquatic product is a unique variety in China, is widely distributed in China, generally grows in rivers and lakes in coastal areas, takes a Yangtze river system as the best, is superior to other water systems in quality, specification and yield, and is a valuable aquatic product.
In recent years, crayfishes and crabs are creatively polycultured in a paddy field in the south-irrigated county of Jiangsu province, so that better economic benefit and ecological benefit are obtained. Putting crayfish seedlings and crab seedlings before planting rice, catching the crayfish before planting the rice, catching the crabs before the rice is mature, and then harvesting the rice. The demonstration result shows that the shrimp and crab co-farming rotation cultivation is a mutually-beneficial rice field composite cultivation mode, can promote the effective means of agricultural efficiency improvement and farmer income increase, and has important significance for guaranteeing the supply of grains and aquatic products and effectively reducing agricultural non-point source pollution.
However, when procambarus clarkii and eriocheir sinensis are cultured in a mixed manner, the procambarus clarkii affects the survival and the shelling of the eriocheir sinensis, thereby affecting the specification and the yield of the eriocheir sinensis and further affecting the income of farmlands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the comprehensive benefit of farmlands and provides a method for efficiently cultivating procambarus clarkia and mitten crabs alternately.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for efficient alternate breeding of procambarus clarkia and mitten crabs, the method comprising:
(1) and rice field transformation: excavating annular culture ditches around the rice planting area, arranging temporary culture ditches in the middle of the rice planting area, wherein two ends of each temporary culture ditch are respectively communicated with the annular culture ditches, a plurality of inter-field ditches perpendicular to the temporary culture ditches are also arranged in the rice planting area, and the inter-field ditches are communicated with the annular culture ditches; a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the diagonal line of the annular cultivation ditch, and aquatic plants are planted in the temporary cultivation ditch;
(2) and putting the crab larvae: at the beginning of 3 months, putting crab seedlings into the temporary culture ditches, and simultaneously putting 20kg-50 kg/mu of decomposed poultry manure; the specification of the crab seedlings is 100-200 tails/kg, and the throwing density of the crab seedlings is 300-500 tails/mu;
(3) putting shrimp seeds into the annular culture ditch at the bottom of 3 months, and putting high-protein feed 1, wherein the specification of the shrimp seeds is 300-;
fishing the procambarus clarkii from 5 late ten days to 6 middle ten days;
(4) and planting rice: planting rice seedlings in the rice planting area in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, wherein the water depth of the rice planting area is 1-2cm, the row spacing of the rice seedlings is 10-15cm, 1.5-2 ten thousand holes per mu, and 3-5 plants are inserted into each hole; simultaneously putting high-protein feed 2 into the annular culture ditch;
keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth of 0.1-0.5cm after 8-12 days of planting the rice seedlings;
(5) keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth of 12-15cm from 7 months to 9 months;
draining water in the half month before harvesting rice, and lowering the water level of a rice planting area to 5-8 cm; then discharging all water in the rice planting area to an annular cultivation ditch, and keeping the water level of the annular cultivation ditch not lower than 45 cm;
and harvesting the rice half a month after the drainage is finished.
(6) And fishing the eriocheir sinensis in the middle and the last ten days of October.
Preferably, the aquatic plant is at least one selected from the group consisting of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, and water peanut.
Under the optimal condition, the area of the temporary rearing trench is 6-8% of the area of the rice planting area.
Under the optimal conditions, a micropore aerator and/or a waterwheel type aerator are/is arranged on the temporary culture ditch.
Preferably, in step (3), the water is changed every other week.
Preferably, the high protein feed 1 comprises: 30-60 parts of soybean meal, 20-45 parts of corn starch, 8-15 parts of bone meal, 3-8 parts of glucose, 5-12 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamins and 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid.
Preferably, the high protein feed 2 comprises: 40-70 parts of soybean meal, 12-25 parts of starch, 20-45wt parts of jujube kernel powder, 8-15 parts of bone meal, 3-8 parts of glucose, 5-12 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamins, 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid and 0.01-0.2 part of auxin.
Preferably, the auxin comprises 20-60 wt% of taurine and 40-80 wt% of L-carnitine.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the taurine to the L-carnitine is 1: 2-3.
Through the technical scheme, the method provided by the invention can reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the rice field and can double the comprehensive benefits of the farmland through the complementation, mutual promotion and mutual control of rice, shrimps and crabs, thereby having remarkable economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
5 rice fields with loam or clay loam texture are selected, each rice field has an area of about 20 mu, an east-west trend and an aspect ratio of about 4: 1.
Example 1
A method for efficiently cultivating procambarus clarkii and mitten crabs alternately, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and rice field transformation: leveling machinery is used in a rice planting area in the center of the rice field, and the height error is kept to be not more than 2 cm; annular culture ditches (4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep) are excavated around the rice planting area, a temporary culture ditch (6 meters wide and 2 meters deep) is arranged in the middle of the rice planting area, two ends of the temporary culture ditch are respectively communicated with the annular culture ditches, and microporous oxygen-enriching machines are arranged on the temporary culture ditches; a plurality of inter-field ditches (0.5 m in width and 0.5 m in depth) perpendicular to the temporary culture ditches are also arranged in the rice planting area and are communicated with the annular culture ditches; a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the diagonal line of the annular cultivation ditch, the water inlet is provided with a 40-mesh screen, and a reservoir is established on the water inlet side of the rice field to play the roles of water storage, filtration and water transfer;
planting elodea nuttallii and alternanthera philoxeroides in the temporary culture ditch;
beginning in the middle ten days of 2 months, keeping the water level in the paddy field at about 10cm, and filtering a water inlet by using a 40-mesh screen; respectively planting 3 rows of elodea nutans along two slope surfaces of the temporary culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2m, and the plant spacing is 1.5 m; the alternanthera philoxeroides is planted along the two slope surfaces of the cultivation ditch respectively, and the planting distance is 3 m. After the waterweeds are transplanted, throwing a compound fertilizer (the N-P-K ratio is 15-15-15, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%) beside the transplanted waterweeds grass bunch to promote the rooting growth of the waterweeds;
arranging escape-proof nets around the ridges;
(2) and putting the crab larvae: in the last ten days of 3 months, putting crab seedlings into the temporary culture ditches, and simultaneously putting 30 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed poultry manure; the crab larvae are 150 tails/kg in specification, and the putting density of the crab larvae is 450 tails/mu;
(3) putting shrimp larvae into the annular culture ditch in late 3 months, and putting high-protein feed 1, wherein the specifications of the shrimp larvae are 400 tails/kg, the putting density of the shrimp larvae is 3500 tails/mu, and the basic amount of feeding is 6 percent of the total weight of the larvae putting;
fishing the procambarus clarkii in batches from 5 to 6 in the first ten days of the month;
changing water once every other week from 3 late to 6 middle of month;
the high protein feed 1 comprises: 40 parts of soybean meal, 35 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of glucose, 8 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials (from fish and shrimp processing sites in the vegetable market), 0.3 part of vitamin A and 0.3 part of glutamic acid.
(4) And planting rice: in the first ten days of 6 months, planting rice seedlings (the rice variety is Nanjing 9108, and the rice seedlings are raised in the early rice fall in 5 months) in the rice planting area, wherein the water depth of the rice planting area is 1cm, the plant spacing of the rice seedlings is 12cm, 1.8 ten thousand holes per mu, and 4 plants are inserted in each hole (average value); meanwhile, high-protein feed 2 is put into the annular culture ditch, and the basic feeding amount is 6 percent of the total weight of the offspring seeds;
the high protein feed 2 comprises: 60 parts of soybean meal, 22 parts of starch, 35wt parts of jujube kernel powder, 13 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of glucose, 8 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials, 0.3 part of vitamin A, 0.3 part of glutamic acid, 0.025 part of taurine and 0.075 part of L-carnitine;
keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth 0.3cm after 10 days of planting the rice seedlings;
(5) keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth of 15cm from 7 months to 9 months;
draining water in the half month before harvesting rice, and lowering the water level of a rice planting area to 5 cm; then discharging all water in the rice planting area to an annular cultivation ditch, and keeping the water level of the annular cultivation ditch not lower than 45 cm;
and harvesting the rice after the water is drained for half a month.
(6) And fishing the eriocheir sinensis in the middle and the last ten days of October.
Example 2
Following the procedure of example 1 except that the composition of the high protein feed 2 was varied as follows:
a method for efficient alternate culture of Procambarus clarkii and Eriocheir sinensis, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and rice field transformation: leveling machinery is used in a rice planting area in the center of the rice field, and the height error is kept to be not more than 2 cm; annular culture ditches (4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep) are excavated around the rice planting area, a temporary culture ditch (6 meters wide and 2 meters deep) is arranged in the middle of the rice planting area, two ends of the temporary culture ditch are respectively communicated with the annular culture ditches, and microporous oxygen-enriching machines are arranged on the temporary culture ditches; a plurality of inter-field ditches (0.5 m in width and 0.5 m in depth) perpendicular to the temporary culture ditches are also arranged in the rice planting area and are communicated with the annular culture ditches; a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the diagonal line of the annular cultivation ditch, the water inlet is provided with a 40-mesh screen, and a reservoir is established on the water inlet side of the rice field to play roles in storing water, filtering and transferring water;
planting elodea nuttallii and alternanthera philoxeroides in the temporary culture ditch;
beginning in the middle ten days of 2 months, keeping the water level in the paddy field at about 10cm, and filtering a water inlet by using a 40-mesh screen; respectively planting 3 rows of elodea nuttallii along two slope surfaces of the temporary culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2m, and the plant spacing is 1.5 m; the alternanthera philoxeroides is planted along the two slope surfaces of the cultivation ditch respectively, and the planting distance is 3 m. After the waterweeds are transplanted, throwing a compound fertilizer (the N-P-K ratio is 15-15-15, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%) beside the transplanted waterweeds grass bunch to promote the rooting growth of the waterweeds;
arranging escape-proof nets around the ridges;
(2) and putting the crab larvae: in the last ten days of 3 months, putting crab seedlings into the temporary culture ditches, and simultaneously putting 30 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed poultry manure; the crab larvae are 150 tails/kg in specification, and the putting density of the crab larvae is 450 tails/mu;
(3) putting shrimp larvae into the annular culture ditch in late 3 months, and putting high-protein feed 1, wherein the specifications of the shrimp larvae are 400 tails/kg, the putting density of the shrimp larvae is 3500 tails/mu, and the basic amount of feeding is 6 percent of the total weight of the larvae putting;
fishing the procambarus clarkii in batches from 5 to 6 in the first ten days of the month;
changing water once every other week from 3 late to 6 middle of month;
the high protein feed 1 comprises: 40 parts of soybean meal, 35 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of glucose, 8 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials (from fish and shrimp processing sites in the vegetable market), 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A and 0.1-0.5 part of glutamic acid.
(4) And planting rice: in the first ten days of 6 months, planting rice seedlings (the rice variety is Nanjing 9108, and the rice seedlings are raised in the early rice fall in 5 months) in the rice planting area, wherein the water depth of the rice planting area is 1cm, the plant spacing of the rice seedlings is 12cm, 1.8 ten thousand holes per mu, and 4 plants are inserted in each hole (average value); meanwhile, high-protein feed 2 is put into the annular culture ditches, and the basic feeding amount is 6 percent of the total weight of the put seedlings;
the high protein feed 2 comprises: 60 parts of soybean meal, 22 parts of starch, 35wt parts of jujube kernel powder, 13 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of glucose, 8 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials, 0.3 part of vitamin A, 0.3 part of glutamic acid, 0.05 part of taurine and 0.05 part of L-carnitine;
keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth 0.3cm after 10 days of planting the rice seedlings;
(5) keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth of 15cm from 7 months to 9 months;
draining water in the half month before harvesting rice, and lowering the water level of a rice planting area to 5 cm; then discharging all water in the rice planting area to an annular cultivation ditch, and keeping the water level of the annular cultivation ditch not lower than 45 cm;
and harvesting the rice half a month after the drainage is finished.
(6) And fishing the eriocheir sinensis in the middle and the last ten days of October.
Example 3
Following the procedure of example 1, except that taurine was not present in the high protein feed 2, the following were specified:
a method for efficiently cultivating procambarus clarkii and mitten crabs alternately, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and rice field transformation: leveling machinery is used in a rice planting area in the center of the rice field, and the height error is kept to be not more than 2 cm; annular culture ditches (4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep) are excavated around the rice planting area, a temporary culture ditch (6 meters wide and 2 meters deep) is arranged in the middle of the rice planting area, two ends of the temporary culture ditch are respectively communicated with the annular culture ditches, and microporous oxygen-enriching machines are arranged on the temporary culture ditches; a plurality of field ditches (0.5 m in width and 0.5 m in depth) vertical to the temporary culture ditches are also arranged in the rice planting areas and are communicated with the annular culture ditches; a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the diagonal line of the annular cultivation ditch, the water inlet is provided with a 40-mesh screen, and a reservoir is established on the water inlet side of the rice field to play roles in storing water, filtering and transferring water;
planting elodea nuttallii and alternanthera philoxeroides in the temporary culture ditch;
beginning in the middle ten days of 2 months, keeping the water level in the paddy field at about 10cm, and filtering a water inlet by using a 40-mesh screen; respectively planting 3 rows of elodea nutans along two slope surfaces of the temporary culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2m, and the plant spacing is 1.5 m; and (4) planting alternanthera philoxeroides along two slopes of the culture ditch respectively, wherein the planting distance is 3 m. After the waterweeds are transplanted, throwing a compound fertilizer (the N-P-K ratio is 15-15-15, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%) beside the transplanted waterweeds grass bunch to promote the rooting growth of the waterweeds;
arranging escape-proof nets around the ridges;
(2) and putting the crab larvae: in the last ten days of 3 months, putting crab seedlings into the temporary culture ditches, and simultaneously putting 30 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed poultry manure; the crab larvae are 150 tails per kg in specification, and the putting density of the crab larvae is 450 tails per mu;
(3) putting shrimp larvae into the annular culture ditch in late 3 months, and putting high-protein feed 1, wherein the specifications of the shrimp larvae are 400 tails/kg, the putting density of the shrimp larvae is 3500 tails/mu, and the basic amount of feeding is 6 percent of the total weight of the larvae putting;
fishing the procambarus clarkii in batches from 5 to 6 in the first ten days of the month;
changing water once every other week from 3 late to 6 middle of month;
the high protein feed 1 comprises: 40 parts of soybean meal, 35 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of glucose, 8 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials (from fish and shrimp processing sites in the vegetable market), 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A and 0.1-0.5 part of glutamic acid.
(4) And planting rice: in the first ten days of 6 months, planting rice seedlings (the rice variety is Nanjing 9108, and the rice seedlings are raised in the early rice fall in 5 months) in the rice planting area, wherein the water depth of the rice planting area is 1cm, the plant spacing of the rice seedlings is 12cm, 1.8 ten thousand holes per mu, and 4 plants are inserted in each hole (average value); meanwhile, high-protein feed 2 is put into the annular culture ditch, and the basic feeding amount is 6 percent of the total weight of the offspring seeds;
the high protein feed 2 comprises: 60 parts of soybean meal, 22 parts of starch, 35wt parts of jujube kernel powder, 13 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of glucose, 8 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials, 0.3 part of vitamin A, 0.3 part of glutamic acid and 0.1 part of L-carnitine;
keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth 0.3cm after 10 days of planting the rice seedlings;
(5) keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth of 15cm from 7 months to 9 months;
draining water in the half month before harvesting rice, and lowering the water level of a rice planting area to 5 cm; then discharging all water in the rice planting area to an annular cultivation ditch, and keeping the water level of the annular cultivation ditch not lower than 45 cm;
and harvesting the rice after the water is drained for half a month.
(6) And fishing the eriocheir sinensis in the middle and the last ten days of October.
Example 4
Following the procedure of example 1, except that l-carnitine was not present in the high protein feed 2, the following were specified:
a method for efficiently cultivating procambarus clarkii and mitten crabs alternately, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and rice field transformation: leveling machinery is used in a rice planting area in the center of the rice field, and the height error is kept to be not more than 2 cm; annular culture ditches (4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep) are excavated around the rice planting area, a temporary culture ditch (6 meters wide and 2 meters deep) is arranged in the middle of the rice planting area, two ends of the temporary culture ditch are respectively communicated with the annular culture ditches, and microporous oxygen-enriching machines are arranged on the temporary culture ditches; a plurality of inter-field ditches (0.5 m in width and 0.5 m in depth) perpendicular to the temporary culture ditches are also arranged in the rice planting area and are communicated with the annular culture ditches; a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the diagonal line of the annular cultivation ditch, the water inlet is provided with a 40-mesh screen, and a reservoir is established on the water inlet side of the rice field to play roles in storing water, filtering and transferring water;
planting elodea nuttallii and alternanthera philoxeroides in the temporary culture ditch;
beginning in the middle ten days of the month, keeping the water level of the paddy field about 10cm, and filtering a water inlet by using a 40-mesh screen; respectively planting 3 rows of elodea nutans along two slope surfaces of the temporary culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2m, and the plant spacing is 1.5 m; the alternanthera philoxeroides is planted along the two slope surfaces of the cultivation ditch respectively, and the planting distance is 3 m. After the waterweeds are transplanted, throwing a compound fertilizer (the N-P-K ratio is 15-15-15, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%) beside the transplanted waterweeds grass bunch to promote the rooting growth of the waterweeds;
arranging escape-proof nets around the ridges;
(2) and putting the crab larvae: in the last ten days of 3 months, putting crab seedlings into the temporary culture ditches, and simultaneously putting 30 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed poultry manure; the crab larvae are 150 tails/kg in specification, and the putting density of the crab larvae is 450 tails/mu;
(3) putting shrimp larvae into the annular culture ditch in late 3 months, and putting high-protein feed 1, wherein the specifications of the shrimp larvae are 400 tails/kg, the putting density of the shrimp larvae is 3500 tails/mu, and the basic amount of feeding is 6 percent of the total weight of the larvae putting;
fishing the procambarus clarkii in batches from 5 to 6 in the first ten days of the month;
changing water once every other week from 3 late to 6 middle of month;
the high protein feed 1 comprises: 40 parts of soybean meal, 35 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of glucose, 8 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials (from fish and shrimp processing sites in the vegetable market), 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A and 0.1-0.5 part of glutamic acid.
(4) And planting rice: in the first ten days of 6 months, planting rice seedlings (the rice variety is Nanjing 9108, and the rice seedlings are raised in the early rice fall in 5 months) in the rice planting area, wherein the water depth of the rice planting area is 1cm, the plant spacing of the rice seedlings is 12cm, 1.8 ten thousand holes per mu, and 4 plants are inserted in each hole (average value); meanwhile, high-protein feed 2 is put into the annular culture ditch, and the basic feeding amount is 6 percent of the total weight of the offspring seeds;
the high protein feed 2 comprises: 60 parts of soybean meal, 22 parts of starch, 35wt parts of jujube kernel powder, 13 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of glucose, 8 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials, 0.3 part of vitamin A, 0.3 part of glutamic acid and 0.1 part of taurine;
keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth 0.3cm after 10 days of planting the rice seedlings;
(5) keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth of 15cm from 7 months to 9 months;
draining water in the half month before harvesting rice, and lowering the water level of a rice planting area to 5 cm; then discharging all water in the rice planting area to an annular cultivation ditch, and keeping the water level of the annular cultivation ditch not lower than 45 cm;
and harvesting the rice half a month after the drainage is finished.
(6) And fishing the eriocheir sinensis in the middle and the last ten days of October.
Example 5
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the high protein feed 2 did not contain jujube kernel powder.
Comparative example 1
The rice is planted according to the traditional method, and lobsters and crabs are not cultured in the rice field.
The rice planting method comprises the following steps: raising rice seedlings (rice variety Nanjing 9108) in the early 5 months, planting rice seedlings in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the water depth is 1cm, the plant spacing of the rice seedlings is 12cm, 1.8 ten thousand holes per mu, and 4 plants are planted in each hole (average value); and harvesting the rice at the bottom of 10 months, and performing daily weeding, deinsectization and other management in the field during the period.
The economic benefits produced by examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 1, wherein the rice unit price is 2.9 yuan/kg; the market price of crayfish is 30.0 yuan/kg, and the market price of crab is 48.0 yuan/kg.
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Examples5 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Rice yield/kg | 569 | 558 | 564 | 549 | 561 | 675 |
| Yield value/yuan of rice | 1650.1 | 1618.2 | 1635.6 | 1592.1 | 1626.9 | 1957.5 |
| Crayfish output/kg | 123 | 116 | 103 | 101 | 114 | 0 |
| Crayfish output value/yuan | 3690 | 3480 | 3090 | 3030 | 3420 | 0 |
| Crab yield/kg | 42 | 39 | 35 | 40 | 32 | 0 |
| Crab yield value/yuan | 2016 | 1872 | 1680 | 1920 | 1536 | 0 |
| Total/yuan | 7356.1 | 6970.2 | 6405.6 | 6542.1 | 6582.9 | 1957.5 |
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for efficiently cultivating the procambarus clarkii and the mitten crabs alternately is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and rice field transformation: excavating annular culture ditches around the rice planting area, arranging temporary culture ditches in the middle of the rice planting area, wherein two ends of each temporary culture ditch are respectively communicated with the annular culture ditches, a plurality of inter-field ditches perpendicular to the temporary culture ditches are also arranged in the rice planting area, and the inter-field ditches are communicated with the annular culture ditches; a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the diagonal line of the annular cultivation ditch, and aquatic plants are planted in the temporary cultivation ditch;
(2) and putting the crab larvae: at the beginning of 3 months, putting crab seedlings into the temporary culture ditches, and simultaneously putting 20kg-50 kg/mu of decomposed poultry manure; the specification of the crab seedlings is 100-;
(3) putting shrimp seeds into the annular culture ditch at the bottom of 3 months, and putting high-protein feed 1, wherein the specification of the shrimp seeds is 300-;
fishing the procambarus clarkii from 5 late ten days to 6 middle ten days;
(4) and planting rice: planting rice seedlings in the rice planting area in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, wherein the water depth of the rice planting area is 1-2cm, the row spacing of the rice seedlings is 10-15cm, 1.5-2 ten thousand holes per mu, and 3-5 plants are inserted into each hole; simultaneously putting high-protein feed 2 into the annular culture ditch;
keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth of 0.1-0.5cm after 8-12 days of planting the rice seedlings;
(5) keeping the ground of the rice planting area moist or the water depth of 12-15cm in 7-9 months;
draining water in the half month before harvesting rice, and lowering the water level of a rice planting area to 5-8 cm; then discharging all water in the rice planting area to an annular cultivation ditch, and keeping the water level of the annular cultivation ditch not lower than 45 cm;
and harvesting the rice half a month after the drainage is finished.
(6) And fishing the eriocheir sinensis in the middle and late October.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aquatic plant is selected from at least one of the group consisting of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, and alternanthera philoxeroides.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the area of the temporary rearing trench is 6 to 8% of the area of the rice planting area.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a microporous aerator and/or a waterwheel aerator is provided on the temporary rearing channel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the water change is performed every other week.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the high protein feed 1 comprises: 30-60 parts of soybean meal, 20-45 parts of corn starch, 8-15 parts of bone meal, 3-8 parts of glucose, 5-12 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamins and 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the high protein feed 2 comprises: 40-70 parts of soybean meal, 12-25 parts of starch, 20-45wt parts of jujube kernel powder, 8-15 parts of bone meal, 3-8 parts of glucose, 5-12 parts of fish and shrimp leftover materials, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamins, 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid and 0.01-0.2 part of auxin.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the auxin comprises 20-60 wt% taurine and 40-80 wt% L-carnitine.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of taurine to L-carnitine is from 1: 2-3.
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