CN114600606B - Light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator and control system and method thereof - Google Patents
Light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator and control system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114600606B CN114600606B CN202210212249.3A CN202210212249A CN114600606B CN 114600606 B CN114600606 B CN 114600606B CN 202210212249 A CN202210212249 A CN 202210212249A CN 114600606 B CN114600606 B CN 114600606B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/16—Fertiliser distributors with means for pushing out the fertiliser, e.g. by a roller
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
- A01C5/068—Furrow packing devices, e.g. press wheels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator and a control system and a control method thereof, wherein the light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator comprises a walking power assembly, a ditching and fertilizer discharging device, an earthing and pressing device, a detection mechanism, a vibration motor, an alarm device and a controller; the ditching and fertilizer discharging device and the earthing press device are respectively arranged on the walking power assembly, and the earthing press device is positioned behind the ditching and fertilizer discharging device; the vibration motor is arranged on the ditching and fertilizer discharging device; the ditching and fertilizer-discharging device comprises a spiral fertilizer-discharging device, and the detection mechanism is used for detecting the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer-discharging device r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r And transmitted to the controller; the controller is respectively connected with the walking power assembly, the ditching and fertilizer discharging device, the detection mechanism, the vibration motor and the alarm device. The intelligent operation functions of blockage early warning, uneven filling detection and control, no-material early warning control and the like are realized, and the operation performance of the fertilizer applicator is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator and a control system and method thereof.
Background
Solid fertile fertilization operation process includes processes such as ditching, fertilization, earthing, and traditional fertilization operation mainly relies on the manual work to realize operations such as ditching fertilization earthing, has intensity of labour big, the inhomogeneous and inefficiency scheduling problem of fertilization, not only influences the fertilization effect and very easily causes the serious waste of manpower, material resources, and partial solid fertilizer is volatile and has corrosivity moreover, causes the damage of different degree to the human body experience.
In order to solve the above problems, researchers at home and abroad have conducted corresponding research. The intelligent fertilizer applicator control system and method can realize accurate fertilization, but the fertilizer applicator has large structural size and complex structure, is not suitable for mountainous and hilly areas and small field areas, has no fault early warning and corresponding solving measures, and cannot make timely judgment on abnormal conditions such as fertilizer blockage; the quantitative fertilizer applicator in the prior art provides a variable fertilization control system which can realize the uniformity of fertilization, but the unpowered system of the fertilizer applicator needs external power traction, so that the whole fertilizer applicator is huge, the fertilization uniformity is not monitored by feedback information, a fertilizer application unit of the fertilizer applicator is a grooved pulley fertilizer discharger, the fertilizer applicator is easy to block in the fertilizer discharge process, no alarm device is arranged after the blockage, key parts are easy to damage, the fertilizer discharge effect on powdery organic fertilizer is not ideal, and the fertilizer applicator is easy to absorb moisture and harden, so that the phenomena of uneven fertilizer filling and the like in the fertilizer application process are caused.
Therefore, the fertilizer applicator needs to be further researched in the aspects of operation environment adaptability, flexibility, blockage reduction, fault early warning, overload protection intellectualization and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator and a control system and method thereof, and improves the operation performance of the fertilizer applicator.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a simple intelligent fertilizer applicator comprises a walking power assembly, a ditching and fertilizer discharging device, an earthing and pressing device, a detection mechanism, a vibration motor, an alarm device and a controller;
the ditching and fertilizer discharging device and the earthing press device are respectively arranged on the walking power assembly, and the earthing press device is positioned behind the ditching and fertilizer discharging device; the vibration motor is arranged on the ditching and fertilizer discharging device;
the ditching and fertilizer arranging device comprises a spiral fertilizer arranging device, and the detection mechanism is used for detecting the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer arranging device r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r And transmitted to the controller; the controller is respectively connected with the walking power assembly, the ditching and fertilizer discharging device, the detection mechanism, the vibration motor and the alarm device.
In the above scheme, the controller receives the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device detected by the detection mechanism r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r When the torque value T caused by fertilizer discharging of the spiral fertilizer discharging device r When the normal value range is exceeded, the controller controls the alarm device to give out a blockage alarm;
when the flow rate of the fertilizer is discharged in real time F r Less than normal range of torque value T r When the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, the controller controls the vibration motor to increase the vibration frequency;
when the flow rate of the fertilizer is discharged in real time F r Less than normal range of values and torque value T r And when the temperature is smaller than the normal value range, the controller controls the alarm device to give out a filling alarm.
In the above scheme, the detection mechanism comprises a torque sensor and a blanking sensor;
the torque sensor is used for detecting the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device r (ii) a The blanking sensor is used for detecting the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r (ii) a The torque sensor and the blanking sensor are respectively connected with the controller.
In the scheme, the ditching fertilizer discharging device further comprises a material box, a transmission assembly, a land wheel, a ditching fertilizer guiding pipe and a material box support;
the feed box passes through the feed box support mounting in on the walking frame, spiral fertilizer discharging device rotate connect in the fertilizer discharging channel of feed box lower part, spiral fertilizer discharging device one end axis of rotation pass through the transmission assembly with land wheel rotation axis connection, the ditching is led the fertile pipe and is installed at the feed box export.
Furthermore, the transmission assembly comprises a driven chain wheel, a gear reversing mechanism, a transmission chain and a driving chain wheel; the driving sprocket with land wheel rotation axis connection, driven sprocket passes through drive chain with driving sprocket connects, gear reversing mechanism input with driven sprocket connects, fertile device one end axis of rotation of spiral row with gear reversing mechanism output is connected and is realized the switching-over of power.
Furthermore, the ditching and fertilizer discharging device also comprises an adjustable stepless speed changer and a torque overload protector, wherein the adjustable stepless speed changer and the torque overload protector are connected in series between the spiral fertilizer discharging device and the transmission assembly;
the adjustable continuously variable transmission is used for changing the transmission ratio from the land wheel to the spiral fertilizer discharging device; the torque overload protector is used for automatically disconnecting power transmission between the spiral fertilizer discharging device and the land wheel when the torque borne by the spiral fertilizer discharging device is larger than a preset value.
In the above scheme, the soil covering and compacting device comprises a limit nut, a compression spring, a pressure adjusting nut and a soil covering element;
and the upper shaft end of the soil covering element is vertically and slidably arranged below the middle part of the walking frame of the walking power assembly through the limiting nut, the compression spring and the pressure adjusting nut.
In the scheme, the number of the vibration motors is at least two, the two vibration motors are respectively arranged on the adjacent side plates of the material box,
the two vibrating motors can respectively generate cross vibration with the vibration direction of 90 degrees, so that the fertilizer in the feed box 201 generates bidirectional vibration.
A control system according to the light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator comprises a detection mechanism, a controller and an execution mechanism;
the detection mechanism is used for detecting the spiral fertilizer discharging deviceTorque value T r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r And transmitted to the controller;
the actuating mechanism comprises a vibrating motor and an alarm device;
the controller comprises a normal fertilization module, a blockage early warning module, a non-uniform filler module and a non-material early warning module;
the normal fertilization module is used for performing ditching, fertilizing and earthing operations according to the fertilization amount required by the unit operation length;
the blockage early warning module is used for acquiring the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device according to the detection mechanism r When T is r When the normal value range is exceeded, the alarm device is controlled to give out a blockage alarm;
the uneven-packing module is used for discharging fertilizer flow F in real time according to detection of the detection mechanism r And torque value T of spiral fertilizer-discharging device r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r When the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, controlling the vibration motor to increase the vibration frequency;
the no-material early warning module is used for real-time fertilizer discharge flow F detected by the detection mechanism r And torque value T of spiral fertilizer-discharging device r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r And when the temperature is smaller than the normal value range, controlling the alarm device to give out a filling alarm.
A control method according to the light and simple intelligent fertilizer distributor control system comprises the following steps:
and (4) normal fertilization control: according to the fertilizing amount required by unit operation length, carrying out ditching, fertilizing and earthing operations;
and (3) blockage early warning control: the blockage early warning module of the controller acquires the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device through the detection mechanism r When T is r When the normal value range is exceeded, the alarm device is controlled to give out a blockage alarm;
controlling the uneven filling: the uneven packing module of the controller detects the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F through the detection mechanism r And the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r When the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, the controller controls the vibration motor to increase the vibration frequency, and when F is within the normal value range r In the normal value range and T r After the vibration motor is in the normal value range, the controller controls the vibration motor to recover the normal vibration frequency;
and (3) no-material early warning control: the material-free early warning module of the controller detects the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F through the detection mechanism r Torque value T of spiral fertilizer-discharging device r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r And when the value is smaller than the normal value range, the alarm device gives out a filling alarm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the structure of the whole machine is designed to be simplified, and the flexibility and the adaptability to special terrains such as hills, fields and the like are improved by adopting the hand-push type monocycle travelling mechanism; the fertilizer discharging unit adopts a spiral fertilizer discharging structure, so that the condition that a grooved pulley type fertilizer discharging mechanism is easy to cause fertilizer discharging blockage is effectively avoided, and the adaptability to powdery fertilizer is improved; the torque overload protector is connected in series in power transmission, so that the key parts can be protected after fertilizer discharge is blocked, and the problem that the key parts are damaged due to overlarge load caused by blockage is solved; the fertilizer in the material box is vibrated in two directions by the combined vibration motor, so that the phenomenon of extrusion and arching caused by hardening of the fertilizer in the material box can be effectively avoided; the detection mechanism is used for monitoring the fertilizer discharging torque and the fertilizer applying flow of the spiral fertilizer discharging unit, and the controller is used for visually analyzing the load condition of key parts and the fertilizer applying effect in the fertilizer discharging process; the intelligent operation functions such as blockage early warning, uneven filling detection and control, no-material early warning control and the like are realized by analyzing the information detected by the detection mechanism through the control system, and the operation performance of the fertilizer applicator is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front schematic view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a rear side schematic view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front side view of the overall structure of the walking power assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a rear side view of the overall construction of a locomotion assembly according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a ditching and fertilizer applying device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the ditching and fertilizer applying device in one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a soil covering and compacting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an alarm execution device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a schematic view of a bin configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer applicator in the no-material state and the no-material warning according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view showing the effect of controlling the unevenness of the filler according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a blockage situation and blockage warning according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a walking power assembly; 101. a traveling frame; 102. an engine; 103. a flywheel clutch; 104. a driving pulley; 105. a V-belt; 106. a driven pulley; 107. a drive wheel; 108. a support bar; 109. a connecting rod; 110. a grab bar; 111. a manual operating mechanism; 111-1, a clutch pull rod; 111-2, an accelerator pull wire; 112. a sudden stop device; 2. a ditching and fertilizer discharging device; 201. a material box; 201-1, a material box main body; 201-2, a bin baffle; 202. a spiral fertilizer discharging device; 203. a torque sensor; 204. an adjustable continuously variable transmission; 205. a torque overload protector; 206. a transmission assembly; 206-1, a driven sprocket; 206-2, a gear reversing mechanism; 206-3, a drive chain; 206-4, a drive sprocket; 207. a land wheel; 208. ditching and fertilizer guiding pipes; 209. a blanking sensor; 210. a bin support; 3. a soil covering and compacting device; 301. a limit nut; 302. a compression spring; 303. a pressure adjusting nut; 304. a casing element; 4. an alarm execution device; 401. a vibration motor; 402. an alarm device; 5. a control system; 6. a power source.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example 1
Fig. 1 and 2 show a simple intelligent fertilizer applicatorIn a preferred embodiment, the light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator comprises a walking power assembly 1, a ditching and fertilizer discharging device 2, a soil covering and pressing device 3, a detection mechanism, a vibration motor 401, an alarm device 402, a controller 5 and a power supply 6; the ditching and fertilizing device 2 and the earthing press device 3 are respectively arranged on the walking power assembly 1, and the earthing press device 3 is positioned behind the ditching and fertilizing device 2; the vibration motor 401 is arranged on the ditching and fertilizer discharging device 2; the ditching and fertilizer arrangement device 2 comprises a spiral fertilizer arrangement device 202, and the detection mechanism is used for detecting the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer arrangement device 202 r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r And transmitted to the controller 5; the controller 5 is respectively connected with the walking power assembly 1, the ditching and fertilizer discharging device 2, the detection mechanism, the vibration motor 401 and the alarm device 402, and the power supply 6 is used for supplying power to the fertilizer applicator.
The controller 5 receives the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 detected by the detection mechanism r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r When the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 discharges the fertilizer, the torque value T is caused r When the normal value range is exceeded, the controller 5 controls the alarm device 402 to give an alarm of blockage; when the flow rate of the fertilizer is discharged in real time F r Less than normal range of values and torque value T r When the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, the controller 5 controls the vibration motor 401 to increase the vibration frequency; when the flow rate of the fertilizer is discharged in real time F r Less than normal range of values and torque value T r When the value is smaller than the normal value range, the controller 5 controls the alarm device 402 to give a filling alarm.
According to the present embodiment, preferably, the detection mechanism includes a torque sensor 203 and a blanking sensor 209; the torque sensor 203 is used for detecting the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 r (ii) a The blanking sensor 209 is used for detecting the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r (ii) a The torque sensor 203 and the blanking sensor 209 are connected to the controller 5, respectively.
The ditching and fertilizer discharging device 2 is arranged on a walking rack 101 of the walking power assembly 1 through the feed box bracket 201, the soil covering and pressing device 3 is arranged on the walking rack 101 of the walking power assembly 5 and is positioned behind a ditching and fertilizer guiding pipe 208 of the ditching and fertilizer discharging device 2, the alarm execution device 4 is arranged on a feed box 201 in the ditching and fertilizer discharging device 2 and the walking rack 101 in the walking power assembly 1, and the power supply 6 is arranged on the walking rack 101 of the walking power assembly 1; the controller 5 is arranged on a walking frame 101 of the walking power assembly 1 and is respectively and electrically connected with the ditching and fertilizer-discharging device 2 and the alarm execution device 4.
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic structural diagrams of the walking power assembly 1, wherein the walking power assembly 1 is in a light and simple wheelbarrow structure and comprises a walking frame 101, an engine 102, a flywheel clutch 103, a driving pulley 104, a V-belt 105, a driven pulley 106, a driving wheel 107, a support rod 108, a connecting rod 109, a hand lever 110, a manual operating mechanism 111 and an emergency stop device 112; the manual operating mechanism 111 comprises the clutch pull rod 111-1 and a throttle pull wire 111-2; the flywheel clutch 103 is mounted at the power output end of the engine 102, the driving pulley 104 is centrally nested on the flywheel clutch 103, the driven pulley 106 is mounted on the rotating shaft of the driving pulley 107, and the driven pulley 106 realizes power transmission with the driving pulley 104 through the V-belt 105; the manual control mechanism 111 and the emergency stop device 112 are mounted on the traveling frame 101; the engine 102 provides power for the driving wheel 107 through the flywheel clutch 103, the driving pulley 104, the V-belt 105 and the driven pulley 106, when the rotating speed of the engine 102 reaches a certain value, the flywheel clutch 103 is spread and worn on the driving pulley 104, the power of the engine 102 is transmitted to the driving pulley 104 through the flywheel clutch 103, the power is controlled to be disconnected from the driving wheel 107 through the clutch pull rod 111-1, the speed of the engine 102 is controlled through the accelerator pull wire 111-2, and the emergency stop device 112 is used for stopping the engine 102 from working.
Fig. 5 and 6 are schematic structural diagrams of the ditching fertilizer apparatus 2, wherein the ditching fertilizer apparatus 2 comprises a material box 201, a spiral fertilizer apparatus 202, a transmission assembly 206, a land wheel 207, a ditching fertilizer guide pipe 208 and a material box support 210; the feed box 201 is arranged on the walking frame 101 through the feed box support 210, the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 is rotatably connected in a fertilizer discharging channel at the lower part of the feed box 201, and the ditching fertilizer guiding pipe 208 is arranged at the outlet of the feed box 201. A rotating shaft at one end of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 is connected with a rotating shaft of the land wheel 207 through the transmission assembly 206; the feed box 201 comprises a feed box main body 201-1 and a feed box baffle 201-2, wherein a window is formed in the side wall of the feed box main body 201-1 and is sealed by the detachable feed box baffle 201-2; the rotating shaft of the land wheel 207 transmits the rotating power generated by the friction between the fertilizer applicator and the soil surface to the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 through the transmission assembly 206 according to a certain rotating speed ratio, so that the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 rotates to transmit the fertilizer from the inside of the fertilizer box 201 to the outlet of the fertilizer box and discharge the fertilizer through the ditching fertilizer guide pipe 208.
The transmission assembly 206 comprises a driven sprocket 206-1, a gear reversing mechanism 206-2, a transmission chain 206-3 and a driving sprocket 206-4; the driving chain wheel 206-4 is connected with the rotating shaft of the land wheel 207, the driven chain wheel 206-1 is connected with the driving chain wheel 206-4 through the transmission chain 206-3, the input end of the gear reversing mechanism 206-2 is connected with the driven chain wheel 206-4, and the rotating shaft at one end of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 is connected with the output end of the gear reversing mechanism 206-2 to realize power reversing.
According to the present embodiment, preferably, the ditching and fertilizing device 2 further includes an adjustable stepless transmission 204 and a torque overload protector 205, and the torque sensor 203, the adjustable stepless transmission 204 and the torque overload protector 205 are connected in series between the spiral fertilizing device 202 and the transmission assembly 206; the torque sensor 203 can detect a torque value generated by the rotation of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202; the adjustable stepless speed changer 9 can change the transmission ratio from the rotation of the land wheel 207 to the rotation of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202, namely, the fertilizer discharging amount of unit walking length can be changed; the torque overload protector 205 can realize that when the torque applied to the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 is too large, the power transmission between the spiral fertilizer discharging device and the land wheel 207 is automatically cut off, so that the damage caused by too large load of a transmission part is avoided; the power supply 6 supplies power to the torque sensor 203, and the torque sensor 203 is connected with the controller 5.
According to the present embodiment, preferably, the blanking sensor 209 is mounted on the ditching fertilizer guide pipe 208, and the blanking sensor 209 is an annular window type blanking sensor or an annular proximity non-metal sensor, and is configured to detect a flow rate of a flowing state of fertilizer; the power supply 6 supplies power to the blanking sensor 209, and the blanking sensor 209 is connected with the controller 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the soil covering and compacting device 3, wherein the soil covering and compacting device 3 comprises a limiting nut 301, a compression spring 302, a pressure adjusting nut 303 and a soil covering element 304; the upper shaft end of the covering element 304 is vertically movably arranged below the middle part of the walking frame 101 through the limiting nut 301, the pressing spring 302 and the pressure adjusting nut 303; the limiting nut 301 is connected to the upper shaft end of the soil covering element 304 and the upper portion of the traveling frame 101 and is used for adjusting the vertical height of the soil covering and pressing device 3, the pressing spring 302 and the pressure adjusting nut 303 are combined to achieve adjustment of pre-tightening force between the soil covering element 304 and the soil surface, the height and the pre-tightening force of the soil covering and pressing device 3 can be adjusted according to terrain, and the applicability is stronger.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the alarm execution device 4, wherein the vibration motor 401 and the alarm device 402 form the alarm execution device 4; the two vibrating motors 401 are respectively arranged on adjacent side plates of the material box 201, and the alarm device 402 is arranged on the walking frame 101; the two vibration motors 401 can respectively generate cross vibration with the vibration direction of 90 degrees, so that the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 201 generates bidirectional vibration to avoid the fertilizer from being accumulated in the fertilizer box to block and form an arch bridge; the alarm device 402 may emit different types of alarm signals; the power supply 6 supplies power to the vibration motor 401 and the alarm device 402, and the vibration motor 401 and the alarm device 402 are connected with the controller 5.
Aiming at the problems that the existing fertilizer applicator is large in structural size and inapplicable to mountainous regions, hills and small fields, the whole structure of the fertilizer applicator is light and simple to optimize, and the fertilizer applicator is light, flexible and convenient to carry by adopting a light and simple wheelbarrow structure, so that the fertilizer applicator can meet the fertilizer application operation conditions of complex terrains.
The invention provides a spiral fertilizer discharging device 202, which aims to solve the problems that the conventional pocket grooved pulley type fertilizer discharging unit is easy to block in the fertilizer discharging process and has poor fertilizer discharging effect on powdery fertilizer, and can effectively avoid the problem of blocking caused by fertilizer extrusion in the fertilizer discharging process.
Aiming at the problem that the load on key fertilizer discharging components is increased rapidly due to blockage of the fertilizing unit in the fertilizing process of the fertilizer applicator to cause component damage, the torque overload protector 205 is connected in series in the power transmission chain, so that power transmission can be cut off automatically when the torque value is too large, and the key components are protected from being damaged.
Aiming at the problem that the arch bridge is generated due to the fact that fertilizer in the feed box is easy to extrude and block, and further the fertilizer is uneven, the vibration motor 401 is additionally arranged on the adjacent side plate of the feed box, so that the fertilizer in the feed box 201 can vibrate in two directions, and the phenomenon that the arch bridge is formed due to the fact that the fertilizer is blocked in the feed box 201 is avoided.
Aiming at the problem that the operation condition of key parts and the fertilization effect of the fertilizer applicator in the fertilization process cannot be monitored, the invention provides the method for monitoring the fertilizer discharging torque and the fertilization flow of the spiral fertilizer discharging unit by the torque sensor 203 and the blanking sensor 209, and the visual analysis of the load condition and the fertilization effect of the key parts in the fertilizer discharging process is realized.
Aiming at the problem of low intelligent operation level of fault detection and early warning, uneven fertilization and fertilizer discharging and the like in the fertilizing process of the fertilizer applicator, the invention provides that the intelligent operation functions of blockage early warning, uneven filling detection and control, no-material early warning control and the like are realized by analyzing the control system according to the information detected by the torque sensor 203 and the blanking sensor 209, and the operation performance and the intelligent level of the fertilizer applicator are improved.
Example 2
The control system of the light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator in the embodiment 1 has the beneficial effects of the embodiment 1, and the details are not repeated herein.
The control system of the light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator comprises a detection mechanism, a controller 5 and an execution mechanism;
the detection mechanism is used for detecting the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r And is passed on to the controlA device 5; preferably, the detection mechanism comprises a torque sensor 203 and a blanking sensor 209;
the actuating mechanism comprises a vibration motor 401 and an alarm device 402;
the controller 5 comprises a normal fertilization module, a blockage early warning module, a non-uniform filling module and a non-material early warning module;
the normal fertilizing module performs ditching, fertilizing and earthing operations under the operation of a worker according to the fertilizing amount required by the unit operation length;
the blockage early warning module acquires a torque value T caused by fertilizer discharge of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 through the torque sensor 203 r When T is r When the normal value range is exceeded, the alarm device 402 is controlled to give out an occlusion alarm;
the uneven filling module detects the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F through the blanking sensor 209 r Acquiring a torque value T caused by fertilizer discharging of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 through the torque sensor 203 r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r When the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, the controller 5 controls the vibration motor 401 to increase the vibration frequency, so that the vibration intensity of the fertilizer in the material box 201 is improved, the phenomenon of fertilizer arching is eliminated, and the filler uniformity is recovered;
the no-material early warning module detects real-time fertilizer discharge flow F through the blanking sensor 209 r Acquiring a torque value T caused by fertilizer discharging of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 through the torque sensor 203 r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r If the value is smaller than the normal value range, the alarm device 402 gives a filling alarm.
Example 3
A control method of the light and simple intelligent fertilizer distributor control system according to embodiment 2 has the beneficial effects of embodiment 2, and is not described herein again.
The control method of the light and simple intelligent fertilizer distributor control system comprises the following steps:
and (4) normal fertilization control: before normal fertilizing operation, fertilizer is added into the feed box 201, and a worker adjusts the adjustable continuously variable transmission 204 to change the transmission ratio from the rotation of the land wheel 207 to the rotation of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 according to the fertilizing amount required by unit operation length, so that the fertilizing amount in unit length reaches the target requirement; after the fertilizing amount per unit length is adjusted, normal ditching, fertilizing and earthing operations are carried out; when the torque of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 is increased sharply due to the blockage of the fertilizer, the torque overload protector 205 automatically cuts off the power transmission caused by the land wheel 207 to protect the machine;
and (3) blockage early warning control: as shown in fig. 12, the blockage warning module of the controller 5 obtains a torque value T caused by fertilizer discharging of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 through the torque sensor 203 r When T is r When the normal value range is exceeded, the alarm device 402 gives an occlusion alarm; the worker stops the fertilizer applicator, removes the bin baffle 201-2 from the bin main body 201-1, removes the fertilizer blocked in the bin 201, then reinstalls the bin baffle 201-2, and continues the fertilizing operation;
controlling the uneven filling: as shown in fig. 11, the uneven filling module of the controller 5 detects the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F through the blanking sensor 209 r Acquiring a torque value T caused by fertilizer discharging of the spiral fertilizer discharging device 202 through the torque sensor 203 r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r When the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, the controller 5 controls the vibration motor 401 to increase the vibration frequency, so that the vibration intensity of the fertilizer in the material box 201 is improved, the phenomenon of fertilizer arching is eliminated, and the filler uniformity is recovered; when F is present r In the normal value range and T r After the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, the controller 5 controls the vibration motor 401 to recover the normal vibration frequency;
and (3) no-material early warning control: as shown in fig. 10, the material-free early warning module of the controller 5 detects the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F through the blanking sensor 209 r A torque value T caused by fertilizer discharge of the spiral material guiding device 7 is obtained through the torque sensor 203 r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r When it is smaller than the normal value range, theThe alarm device 402 gives a filling alarm, and a worker stops the fertilizer applicator to check whether fertilizer is in the bin 201, and if no fertilizer is in the bin 201, fertilizer is added into the bin 201.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A simple intelligent fertilizer applicator is characterized by comprising a walking power assembly (1), a ditching and fertilizer discharging device (2), a soil covering and pressing device (3), a detection mechanism, a vibration motor (401), an alarm device (402) and a controller (5);
the ditching and fertilizing device (2) and the earthing press device (3) are respectively arranged on the walking power assembly (1), and the earthing press device (3) is positioned behind the ditching and fertilizing device (2); the vibration motor (401) is arranged on the ditching and fertilizer discharging device (2);
the ditching and fertilizer arrangement device (2) comprises a spiral fertilizer arrangement device (202), and the detection mechanism is used for detecting the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer arrangement device (202) r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r And transmitted to the controller (5); the controller (5) is respectively connected with the walking power assembly (1), the ditching and fertilizer discharging device (2), the detection mechanism, the vibration motor (401) and the alarm device (402);
the controller (5) receives the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) detected by the detection mechanism r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r ；
Torque value T caused by fertilizer discharging of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) r When the normal value range is exceeded, the controller (5) controls the alarm device (402) to give out a blockage alarm;
when the flow rate of the fertilizer is discharged in real time F r Less than normal range of values and torque value T r When the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, the controller (5) controls the vibration motor (401) to increase the vibration frequency;
when the flow rate of the fertilizer is discharged in real time F r Less than normal range of values and torque value T r And when the value is smaller than the normal value range, the controller (5) controls the alarm device (402) to send out a filling alarm.
2. The smart fertilizer applicator of claim 1 wherein the detection mechanism comprises a torque sensor (203) and a drop sensor (209);
the torque sensor (203) is used for detecting the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) r (ii) a The blanking sensor (209) is used for detecting the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r (ii) a The torque sensor (203) and the blanking sensor (209) are respectively connected with the controller (5).
3. The light and simple intelligent fertilizer distributor according to claim 1, wherein the ditching and fertilizer discharging device (2) further comprises a fertilizer box (201), a transmission assembly (206), a land wheel (207), a ditching and fertilizer guiding pipe (208) and a fertilizer box bracket (210);
the utility model discloses a fertilizer applying device, including workbin (201), workbin support (210), spiral fertilizer discharging device (202), transmission assembly (206) and land wheel (207) pivot axis, workbin (201) export is installed in through workbin support (210) is installed on walking frame (101), spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) rotate connect in the fertile passageway is arranged to workbin (201) lower part, spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) one end axis of rotation passes through transmission assembly (206) with land wheel (207) pivot axis is connected, and ditching is led fertile pipe (208) and installed in workbin (201) export.
4. The lightweight intelligent fertilizer applicator of claim 3, wherein the drive assembly (206) comprises a driven sprocket (206-1), a gear reversing mechanism (206-2), a drive chain (206-3), and a drive sprocket (206-4); the driving chain wheel (206-4) is connected with a rotating shaft of the land wheel (207), the driven chain wheel (206-1) is connected with the driving chain wheel (206-4) through the transmission chain (206-3), the input end of the gear reversing mechanism (206-2) is connected with the driven chain wheel (206-4), and a rotating shaft at one end of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) is connected with the output end of the gear reversing mechanism (206-2) to achieve power reversing.
5. The lightweight and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator of claim 3, wherein the ditching and fertilizer discharging device (2) further comprises an adjustable stepless speed changer (204) and a torque overload protector (205), and the adjustable stepless speed changer (204) and the torque overload protector (205) are connected in series between the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) and the transmission assembly (206);
the adjustable continuously variable transmission (204) is used for changing the transmission ratio of the land wheel (207) to the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202); the torque overload protector (205) is used for automatically disconnecting power transmission with the land wheel (207) when the torque borne by the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) is larger than a preset value.
6. A lightweight and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casing press (3) comprises a limit nut (301), a compression spring (302), a pressure regulating nut (303) and a casing element (304);
and the upper shaft end of the soil covering element (304) is vertically and slidably arranged below the middle part of the walking frame (101) of the walking power assembly (1) through the limiting nut (301), the pressing spring (302) and the pressure adjusting nut (303).
7. The lightweight and simple intelligent fertilizer distributor as claimed in claim 3, wherein there are at least two vibration motors (401), two vibration motors (401) are respectively installed on the adjacent side plates of the feed box (201),
the two vibrating motors (401) can respectively generate cross vibration with the vibration direction of 90 degrees, so that the fertilizer in the feed box (201) generates bidirectional vibration.
8. A control system of a light and simple intelligent fertilizer applicator according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized by comprising a detection mechanism, a controller (5) and an execution mechanism;
the detection mechanism is used for detecting the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) r And real-time fertilizer discharge flow F r And transmitted to the controller (5);
the actuating mechanism comprises a vibration motor (401) and an alarm device (402);
the controller (5) comprises a normal fertilization module, a blockage early warning module, a non-uniform filling module and a non-material early warning module;
the normal fertilizing module is used for performing ditching, fertilizing and earthing operations according to the fertilizing amount required by unit operation length;
the blockage early warning module is used for acquiring the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) according to the detection mechanism r When T is r When the normal value range is exceeded, the alarm device (402) is controlled to give out an occlusion alarm;
the uneven packing module is used for discharging fertilizer flow F in real time according to the detection of the detection mechanism r And the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r When the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, controlling the vibration motor (401) to increase the vibration frequency;
the no-material early warning module is used for real-time fertilizer discharge flow F detected by the detection mechanism r And the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r And when the value is smaller than the normal value range, controlling the alarm device (402) to give a filling alarm.
9. The control method of the light and simple intelligent fertilizer distributor control system according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (4) normal fertilization control: according to the fertilizing amount required by unit operation length, carrying out ditching, fertilizing and earthing operations;
and (3) blockage early warning control: the blockage early warning module of the controller (5) acquires the torsion of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) through a detection mechanismMoment value T r When T is r When the normal value range is exceeded, the alarm device (402) is controlled to give out an occlusion alarm;
controlling the uneven filling: the uneven-packing module of the controller (5) detects the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F through the detection mechanism r And the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r When the vibration frequency is in the normal value range, the controller (5) controls the vibration motor (401) to increase the vibration frequency when F r In the normal value range and T r After the vibration frequency is within the normal value range, the controller (5) controls the vibration motor (401) to recover the normal vibration frequency;
and (3) no-material early warning control: the material-free early warning module of the controller (5) detects the real-time fertilizer discharge flow F through the detection mechanism r And the torque value T of the spiral fertilizer discharging device (202) r When F is r Less than normal range of values and T r If the value is smaller than the normal value range, the alarm device (402) gives a filling alarm.
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