CN207706736U - A kind of antifouling only formula silage harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anti-blockage type silage harvester, which comprises: forage clamping rollers to fixed rollers, the central axis of which is fixed to the harvester; forage clamping rollers to floating rollers, the central axis of which is fixed by tension springs The central axis of the roller is connected; the first position sensor is fixed and rotated at one end of the central axis of the forage clamping roller to the floating roller; the second position sensor is fixed on the receiving bottom plate; the speed sensor is fixed on the cutting One end of the central shaft of the knife roller; the transmission device of the operating system, the output shaft of which is connected to the central shaft of the fixed roller; the transmission device of the traveling system; Transmission device and travel system transmission device; wherein, the electronic control unit can adjust the transmission ratio of the operation system transmission device and the travel system transmission device according to the opening distance, height and rotation speed.

Description

A kind of anti-clogging type silage harvester

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural and animal husbandry machinery, in particular to an anti-block type silage harvester.

Background technique

In order to meet the needs of the rapid development of animal husbandry, the land area used for cultivating silage is becoming more and more large-scale. A large area of silage arable land needs to be harvested within a specified time limit. It is difficult to meet the requirements of silage on feed quality, harvest timing and large-scale operation by relying on traditional manpower. Self-propelled silage machine is a kind of agricultural and animal husbandry machinery specially used for silage harvesting. This equipment has the advantages of high working efficiency, strong adaptability to silage types, and the harvested feed can be directly fed to livestock. The welcome of the majority of farmers and herdsmen has also greatly improved the efficiency of silage harvesting, and played a positive role in promoting the large-scale operation of animal husbandry.

Currently widely used self-propelled silage harvesters, the power of the operating system and the walking system are often distributed in a fixed ratio, and the power of the operating system and the walking system cannot be properly adjusted due to the density of the silage, the advantages and disadvantages of growth, and the level of moisture. distribution ratio. This silage harvester can only perform efficient and smooth harvesting operations for limited types of silage; for silage with higher plant density, better growth or higher moisture, the operating system cannot effectively distribute more silage. The clogging of the operating system of the silage harvester due to the power of the silage harvester must be shut down for clearing, which seriously affects the operating efficiency and quality of work; and for silage with low plant density, poor growth or low moisture, due to the operation The power allocated to the system is too much, so that the walking system cannot get enough power and it is difficult to increase the driving speed, which in turn affects the improvement of its operating efficiency.

Utility model content

The utility model designs and develops an anti-blockage type silage harvester. The utility model prevents the blockage of the harvester's operating system by distributing the power of the control walking system and the operating system on demand.

The technical scheme provided by the utility model is:

An anti-blocking silage harvester, comprising:

Forage pinching rollers are paired with fixed rollers, the central axis of which is fixed to the harvester;

Forage pinching rollers are paired with floating rollers, the central axis of which is connected to the central axis of the fixed roller through a tension spring;

The first position sensor, which is fixed and rotated on one end of the central axis of the forage pinch roller pair of floating rollers, is used to monitor the opening distance of the forage pinch roller pair of the harvester;

The second position sensor, which is fixedly installed on the receiving base plate, is used to monitor the height of the receiving base plate of the harvester relative to the central axis of the cutter roller;

A speed sensor, which is fixedly installed at one end of the central axis of the cutter roller, is used to monitor the rotation speed of the cutter roller;

An operating system transmission device, the output shaft of which is connected to the central shaft of the fixed roller;

Traveling system transmission;

An electronic control unit, which is electrically connected to the first position sensor, the second position sensor, the rotational speed sensor, the operating system transmission and the traveling system transmission;

Wherein, the electronic control unit can adjust the transmission ratio of the working system transmission device and the travel system transmission device according to the opening distance, the height and the rotation speed.

Preferably, it also includes:

Forage feeding roller pair lower roller, which has the central axis of forage feeding roller pair lower roller, and the first transmission sprocket is arranged on one side;

Forage feeding roller pair upper roller, which has a central axis of forage feeding roller pair upper roller, and a second transmission sprocket is arranged on one side;

Wherein, the first transmission sprocket and the second transmission sprocket are arranged on the same side and connected by a first transmission chain.

Preferably, the forage feeding roller is provided with a third transmission sprocket on one side of the central axis of the lower roller, and the fourth transmission sprocket is provided on the central axis side of the forage clamping roller of the fixed roller;

Wherein, the third transmission sprocket and the fourth transmission sprocket are arranged on the same side, connected by a second transmission chain, and the first transmission sprocket and the third transmission sprocket are coaxially arranged.

Preferably, it also includes:

supporting sprocket;

tensioning sprocket;

The forage clamping roller is provided with the fifth transmission sprocket on one side of the central axis of the floating roller, and the sixth transmission sprocket is provided on the one side of the central axis of the fixed roller of the forage clamping roller;

Wherein, the supporting sprocket, the tensioning sprocket, the fifth transmission sprocket and the sixth transmission sprocket are arranged on the same side, connected by a third transmission chain, and the fourth transmission sprocket and the sixth transmission sprocket The sixth drive sprocket is set coaxially.

Preferably, the seventh drive sprocket is set on one side of the central axis of the cutter roller, and the eighth drive sprocket is set on one side of the central axis of the forage clamping roller to the fixed roller;

Wherein, the seventh transmission sprocket and the eighth transmission sprocket are arranged on the same side, connected by a fourth transmission chain, and the eighth transmission sprocket and the sixth transmission sprocket are coaxially arranged.

Preferably, the transmission device of the working system adopts a hydraulic volume speed regulating device.

Preferably, the traveling system transmission adopts a continuously variable transmission or a stepped transmission.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects: the utility model uses three sensors to effectively monitor the load of the silage harvester operating system, and senses the tendency of the silage harvester to be blocked in real time. The calculation and processing of the electronic control unit sends a transmission ratio coordination control signal to the transmission ratio control device of the variable speed transmission device of the operating system and the transmission ratio control device of the transmission system of the walking system at the same time. Control to adjust the power distribution ratio to adapt to the harvesting requirements of various density, growth and water content silage, which not only avoids the clogging phenomenon caused by insufficient power of the operating system, but also effectively improves the silage due to reasonable power distribution. Improve the operating efficiency of the silage harvester.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the operating system of the silage harvester.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the power transmission system of the silage harvester.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the coordinated control of the silage harvester.

Detailed ways

The utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it by referring to the description.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the utility model provides an anti-blocking silage harvester, which prevents the blockage of the operating system by controlling the power distribution of the walking system and the operating system on demand, and makes it according to the load change of the operating system Flexible adjustment of the distribution ratio of power between the operating system and the walking system, so that the silage harvester can adapt to the density, growth and water content of the current silage, which can effectively prevent the operating system of the silage harvester Blocking, but also to maximize the use of engine power, improve operating efficiency.

The utility model provides an anti-block type silage harvester, mainly comprising: forage clamping roller pair fixed roller 120, forage clamping roller pair floating roller 130, first position sensor transmitting end 450, first position sensor receiving end 460, the second position sensor transmitting end 440, the second position sensor receiving end 470, the rotational speed sensor 420, the operating system variable speed transmission device 510, the traveling system variable speed transmission device 530 and the electronic control unit 500; The central axis 121 is fixed to the harvester, the central axis 131 of the forage clamping roller to the floating roller is connected to the central axis 121 of the forage clamping roller to the fixed roller through the tension spring 430, and the receiving end 460 of the first position sensor is fixed and rotated on the forage clamping One end of the central axis 131 of the roller pair floating roller is used to monitor the distance from the first position sensor transmitting end 450, that is, the opening distance of the forage clamping roller pair of the harvester, and the second position sensor receiving end 470 is fixedly installed on the material receiving bottom plate 410, used to monitor the distance of the second position sensor transmitting end 440, that is, the height of the harvester's receiving base plate 410 relative to the central axis 141 of the cutter roller, and the rotational speed sensor 420 is fixedly installed on one end of the central axis 141 of the cutter roller. In order to monitor the rotation speed of the cutter roller 140, the output shaft of the operation system transmission device 510 is connected to the center shaft 121 of the forage clamping roller pair fixed roller, and the electronic control unit 500 is connected to the first position sensor receiving end 460 and the second position sensor receiving end respectively. terminal 470, rotational speed sensor 420, operating system variable transmission device 510 and traveling system variable transmission device 530, wherein the electronic control unit 500 can control the operating system variable transmission device 510 and the traveling system variable transmission device according to the opening distance, height and rotation speed. The transmission ratio of the device 530 is adjusted.

The operating system of the silage harvester adopts four transmission chains 310, 320, 330, 340 and eight transmission sprockets 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280 to drive the corresponding rotating shafts 111a, 111b, 121, 131,141, and then drive corresponding roller 110a, 110b, 120,130 and cutter roller 140 and other ancillary device operation; Forage feeding roller is to lower roller 110a, and it has forage feeding roller and lower roller central axis 111a, in One side is provided with the first transmission sprocket 210; the fodder feeding roller is to the upper roller 110b, which has the fodder feeding roller to the upper roller central axis 111b, and the second transmission sprocket 220 is set on one side, wherein the first transmission sprocket 210 and the second transmission sprocket 220 are set on the same side, connected by the first transmission chain 310; the third transmission sprocket 230 is set on the side of the forage feeding roller to the lower roller central axis 111a, and the forage clamping roller is fixed to the center of the roller. A fourth transmission sprocket 240 is arranged on one side of the shaft 121, wherein the third transmission sprocket 230 and the fourth transmission sprocket 240 are arranged on the same side, connected by the second transmission chain 320, and the first transmission sprocket 210 and the third transmission sprocket The sprocket 230 is coaxially arranged; the forage clamping roller is provided with the fifth transmission sprocket 250 on one side of the floating roller central axis 131, and the forage clamping roller is provided with the sixth transmission sprocket 260 on one side of the fixed roller central axis 121, wherein the forage The clamping system support sprocket 170, the forage clamping system tensioning sprocket 180, the fifth transmission sprocket 250 and the sixth transmission sprocket 260 are arranged on the same side, connected by the third transmission chain 330, the fourth transmission sprocket 240 and the sixth transmission sprocket The sixth drive sprocket 260 is coaxially arranged; the seventh drive sprocket 270 is set on one side of the cutter stick central axis 141, and the eighth drive sprocket 280 is set on one side of the forage clamping roller to the fixed roller central axis 121, wherein the seventh Transmission sprocket 270 and the eighth transmission sprocket 280 are arranged on the same side, connected by the fourth transmission chain 340, and the eighth transmission sprocket 280 and the sixth transmission sprocket 260 are coaxially arranged; 121 is the power input shaft of the entire silage harvester operating system, which is connected with the output shaft of the operating system speed change transmission device 510; in this embodiment, as a preference, in order to adapt to the floating characteristics of the forage clamping roller pair, The two central shafts 121, 131 transmit power through the third transmission chain 330 with adjustable wheelbase, and the transmission chain passes through four transmission sprockets 250, 170, 180, 260, two of which are respectively installed in the center of the pinch roller On the shafts 121 and 131, power is transmitted to the forage clamping rollers, and the tensioning sprocket 180 and the support sprocket 170 jointly play the role of tensioning the third drive chain 330. When the distance between the forage clamping rollers increases The tensioning sprocket 180 moves outward under the tension of the clamped forage, otherwise it moves inward under the tension of the tension spring 430, no matter how the distance between the forage clamping roller central shafts 121, 131 changes, the total Can make the two central shafts 121, 131 The transmission sprockets 250, 260 and the transmission chain 330 have sufficient tightness to ensure stable power transmission between the pinch roller pairs.

In the utility model, the forage clamping roller pair of the silage harvester is designed as a floating type, and the roller pair is connected by a tension spring 430; one of the two rollers of the forage clamping roller pair is a fixed roller, and The position of the central axis is fixed on the silage harvester; the other roller is a floating roller, and the distance between the central axis of the central axis and the fixed roller can be changed with the amount of forage fed per unit time. The central axis distance is determined by the balance between the elastic force of the spring and the tension of the clamped grass.

The forage clamping roller of the silage harvester is provided with a transmitting end 450 of a position sensor on the central axis 121 of the fixed roller, and a position sensor receiving end 460 is set on the central axis 131 of the forage clamping roller for the floating roller to monitor the forage clamping The opening distance of the roller pair. The value of the opening distance reflects the growth of the harvested silage or the plant density. The amount of forage fed in is large, the opening distance of the forage clamping roller pair is relatively large, and the operating system needs to distribute more power to overcome the additional load caused by the increase in the amount of silage to be harvested within the unit driving distance, because the engine The power of 541 is limited. At this time, the power allocated to the walking system should be relatively reduced, reduce the driving speed, reduce the feeding amount of silage per unit time, and then reduce the workload of the operating system; on the contrary, if the silage grows poorly , the plant density is low, the opening distance of the forage clamping roller pair is small, and the amount of silage to be harvested per unit driving distance is small. More power, faster driving speed, higher operating efficiency, the operating system only needs to allocate less power to overcome the load of harvesting silage within a unit driving distance.

The position sensor transmitting end 440 that is arranged on the cutter roller central axis 141 of the silage harvester collects the receiving end 470 of the position sensor relative to the cutter roller 140 on the receiving bottom plate 410 of collecting chopped forage, to monitor the receiving base plate 410 Relative to the height of the central axis 141 of the cutter roller, this height value reflects the power distribution of the silage harvester operating system and the adaptation of the current load; when the height of the receiving bottom plate 410 from the cutter roller 140 is less than a certain value, It shows that the power allocated by the operating system is sufficient, and the power distribution of the traveling system should be increased at this time to speed up the operation; when the height of the receiving bottom plate 410 from the cutter roller 140 exceeds a certain value, it indicates that the power allocated by the operating system is insufficient. At this time, the power distribution of the walking system should be reduced, and more power should be given to the operating system to overcome the increased operating resistance and prevent the silage harvester from being blocked.

The expected value of the cutter roller 140 rotating speed is related to operating factors such as the depth of the accelerator pedal of the silage harvester, the expected rotating speed of the engine, the transmission ratio of the transmission, and the transmission ratio of the operating system.

The position sensor receiving end 470 relative to the cutter roller 140 is set on the receiving bottom plate 410 where the silage harvester collects chopped grass, to monitor the height of the receiving bottom plate 410 relative to the central axis 141 of the cutter roller. The power distribution of the silage harvester operating system and the adaptation of the current load are given; when the height of the receiving bottom plate 410 from the cutter roller 140 is less than a certain value, it indicates that the power allocated by the operating system is sufficient, and the walking system should be increased at this time. power distribution to speed up the operation; when the height of the receiving base plate 410 from the cutter roller 140 exceeds a certain value, it indicates that the power allocated by the operation system is insufficient. Operating system to overcome increased operating resistance and prevent blockage of the silage harvester.

The threshold value of the height of the material receiving bottom plate 410 from the cutter roller 140 should be set and adjusted according to the specific configuration of the power system of the silage harvester and the type of harvested feed.

The operating system of the silage harvester also includes the tempered front roller 150a installed on the tempered front roller central shaft 151a and the tempered rear roller 150b installed on the tempered rear roller central shaft 151b, the tempered front roller 150a and the tempered front roller 150a. The post-conditioning roller 150b is installed in parallel, and the rotating speed of the pre-conditioning roller 150a is higher than that of the post-conditioning roller 150b, relying on the speed difference to further pulverize forage. In addition, it also includes a blowing roller 160 installed on the central shaft 161 of the blowing roller, which functions to send the conditioned forage into the forage collecting device.

The transmission ratio of the variable speed transmission device 510 of the silage harvester operating system can be adjusted on demand within a certain range, and it can be a stepped transmission device or a continuously variable transmission device, and its transmission ratio is controlled by the electronic control unit 500; As a preference, the working system speed change transmission device 510 is a hydraulic volume speed regulating system composed of a hydraulic variable pump 512, a hydraulic variable motor 513 and an oil charge pump 511. Through the displacement control of the hydraulic variable pump 512 and the hydraulic variable motor 513, continuous Adjust the transmission ratio to realize the continuously variable speed function.

The transmission ratio of the speed change transmission device 530 of the walking system of the silage harvester can be adjusted as needed within a certain range, and it can be a stepped transmission or a continuously variable transmission, and its transmission ratio is controlled by the electronic control unit 500; as a preference, The variable speed transmission device 530 of the walking system can adopt a metal belt type continuously variable transmission 531 , and can also adopt other continuously variable transmissions or stepped transmissions that can receive transmission ratio control instructions from the electronic control unit 500 .

The power distribution ratio adjustment of the silage harvester operating system and the walking system is controlled by the electronic control unit 500. Coordinated control of the transmission ratio of the variable speed transmission device 510 of the operating system and the transmission ratio of the variable speed transmission device 530 of the walking system, through the coordinated control of the two transmission ratios, the power distribution ratio of the silage harvester between the two systems can be changed to achieve both prevention The operation system is blocked and the power of the engine 541 is fully utilized, and then the purpose of improving the working efficiency of the whole machine is achieved.

In another embodiment, the number of sensors can be more than three, the number can be increased due to system requirements, or the required number can be reduced due to system simplification, but there is at least one sensor.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a kind of work process of the present utility model is as follows:

The electronic control unit 500 receives the load information of the silage harvester operating system from the position sensors 460, 470 and the rotational speed sensor 420;

When the output signals of the three sensors 460, 470, and 420 do not show that the operating system has a large load, the traveling system needs more power, and it is necessary to reduce the transmission ratio of the traveling system speed change transmission device 530 and increase the speed change of the operating system at the same time. The transmission ratio of the transmission device 510; at this time, under the same power input of the engine 541, the walking system gets more power, and the operating system gets less power, so that the driving speed of the silage harvester is faster and the operating efficiency is higher. higher; in this embodiment, as a preference, when all sources of information reflect that the load on the operating system is small, the electronic control unit 500 immediately issues a coordinated control command, by increasing the transmission ratio of the operating system variable speed transmission 510, that is, reducing Reduce the displacement of the hydraulic variable pump 512, increase the displacement of the hydraulic variable motor 513, slow down the running speed of the operating system, and distribute more power to the walking system; reduce the transmission ratio of the variable speed transmission device 530 of the walking system at the same time, Accelerate the traveling speed of the walking system, increase the feeding amount of silage per unit time, change the power distribution ratio between the operating system and the walking system in the same way, make full use of the power of the engine, and improve the working efficiency of the silage harvester.

When the signal output by one of the three sensors 460, 470, 420 shows that the load of the operating system is large, the operating system needs to allocate more power, and it is necessary to reduce the transmission ratio of the operating system variable speed transmission device 510, and at the same time increase the variable speed of the traveling system. The gear ratio of the transmission 530 . At this time, under the same engine 541 speed and power input, the traveling system gets less power, and the operating system gets more power, so that the speed of the silage harvester is reduced, because more power is distributed to the operating system , increase its power to overcome the working resistance, and at the same time, because the driving speed of the silage harvester is reduced, the feeding amount of silage per unit time is reduced, and the working resistance of the silage harvester is reduced, preventing from two aspects The occurrence of blockage; in this embodiment, as a preference, when any source of information reflects that the operating system load increases and blockage is about to occur, the electronic control unit 500 issues a coordinated control command, by reducing the operating system variable speed transmission The transmission ratio of the device 510 is to increase the displacement of the hydraulic variable pump 512 and reduce the displacement of the hydraulic variable motor 513 to make the operating system run faster and distribute more power to the operating system so that it has sufficient The power overcomes the increased load of the operating system; at the same time, increase the transmission ratio of the variable speed transmission device 530 of the traveling system to slow down the traveling speed of the traveling system, reduce the feeding amount of silage per unit time, reduce the load of the operating system, and then change the operating system. The power distribution ratio with the walking system avoids the jamming of the silage harvester.

Although the embodiment of the present utility model has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the use listed in the description and the implementation, and it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present utility model. For those familiar with the art, Further modifications can be readily effected, so the invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of antifouling only formula silage harvester, which is characterized in that including：

Forage pinch roll fixes fixing roller, central shaft with the cropper；

The center axis connection that forage pinch roll passes through tensioning spring and the fixing roller to dancer, central shaft；

First position sensor is fixed peace and is turned in the forage pinch roll to central shaft one end of dancer, for monitoring State the opening distance of the forage pinch roll pair of cropper；

Second position sensor is fixedly mounted on splicing bottom plate, for monitor the splicing bottom plate of the cropper relative to The height of cutting roller central shaft；

Speed probe is fixedly mounted on central shaft one end of the cutting roller, the rotation speed for monitoring the cutting roller Degree；

Operating system transmission device exports the central shaft of fixing roller described in axis connection；

Running gear transmission device；

Electronic control unit, distinguish Electricity Federation described in first position sensor, the second position sensor, the speed probe, The operating system transmission device and the running gear transmission device；

Wherein, the electronic control unit can be according to opening distance, the height and the rotary speed, to the operation system The transmission ratio of system transmission device and the running gear transmission device is adjusted.

2. antifouling only formula silage harvester as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include：

Forage feeding roller is to lower roll, and with forage feeding roller to lower roll central shaft, the first drive sprocket is arranged in side；

Forage feeding roller is to upper roller, and with forage feeding roller to upper roller central shaft, the second drive sprocket is arranged in side；

Wherein, first drive sprocket and the second drive sprocket homonymy setting, are connected by the first driving chain.

3. antifouling only formula silage harvester as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that forage feeding roller is to lower roller center Third drive sprocket is arranged in the side of axis, and the 4th drive sprocket is arranged to the central shaft side of fixing roller in the forage pinch roll；

Wherein, the third drive sprocket and the 4th drive sprocket homonymy setting, are connected by the second driving chain, and First drive sprocket and third drive sprocket coaxial arrangement.

4. antifouling only formula silage harvester as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that further include：

Support sprocket wheel；

Tightener sprocket；

The 5th drive sprocket is arranged to the central shaft side of dancer in the forage pinch roll, and the forage pinch roll is to fixing roller Central shaft side be arranged the 6th drive sprocket；

Wherein, the support sprocket wheel, the tightener sprocket, the 5th drive sprocket and the 6th drive sprocket homonymy are set It sets, is connected by third driving chain, the 4th drive sprocket and the 6th drive sprocket coaxial arrangement.

5. antifouling only formula silage harvester as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the central shaft one of the cutting roller The 7th drive sprocket is arranged in side, and the 8th drive sprocket is arranged to the central shaft side of fixing roller in the forage pinch roll；

Wherein, the 7th drive sprocket and the 8th drive sprocket homonymy setting, are connected by the 4th driving chain, and 8th drive sprocket and the 6th drive sprocket coaxial arrangement.

6. antifouling only formula silage harvester as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the operating system transmission device Using hydraulic volume speed regulation device.

7. antifouling only formula silage harvester as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the running gear transmission device Using contiuously variable transmission or step change transmission.