CN114597619A - Broadband isolator based on negative group time delay network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network, which comprises a nonreciprocal phase shifter, a directional coupler, a negative group delay circuit structure and two sections of transmission lines. The negative group delay circuit structure consists of six sections of microstrip lines, two sections of coupling lines and four resistors. When the isolator is conducted in the forward direction, the coupler only couples a small part of energy to the upper ring loop, so that the interaction between an incident wave and an active device can be ignored, and the isolator has low loss and high linearity. The invention connects the negative group delay network in series in the path to offset the group delay of other circuits in the path, so that the total group delay of the loop is zero in a wider frequency band near the central frequency, thereby widening the isolation bandwidth of the isolator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of non-reciprocal devices, and relates to a broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network, which can be applied to the fields of modern microwaves and optics such as communication, radars, sensor networks and the like.
Background
With the advent of the 5G communication age, components of communication systems will be further developed toward miniaturization and low power consumption, and thus, a higher demand is placed on the integration of devices. There is therefore an increasing interest in the development of non-magnetic, non-reciprocal devices such as isolators, circulators, etc. Such non-reciprocal devices play a crucial role in applications in the modern microwave and optical fields, including communications, radar and sensor networks. They can double the network capacity of the physical layer while providing many other advantages at the network layer including communications, radar and sensor networks, such as the ability of these devices to protect the active source from the reflected power of the circuitry and enable the in-band fully bi-pass communications to function properly while serving as decoupling and isolation.
The application of the isolator solves a series of practical problems of interstage isolation, impedance, sharing and the like of the radar system, greatly improves the performance of the radar system, and is a key device in the system. Therefore, the isolator is required to have the characteristics of small insertion loss, high isolation, wide working frequency band, high power resistance, good temperature characteristic and the like.
There are many ways to implement a non-reciprocal device, and a conventional isolator usually employs ferrite material with external magnetic field bias to implement its non-reciprocal transmission characteristic, however, since the preparation process of ferrite material is difficult to be compatible with the conventional integrated circuit process, the non-reciprocal device usually appears in a communication system as a discrete component, which limits the miniaturization of the whole system to a certain extent. Therefore, there is a need to research a nonmagnetic design scheme of the non-reciprocal device, and compared with the traditional ferrite isolator and circulator, the active non-reciprocal device has the advantages of more compact structure, smaller volume, lower cost and easier compatibility with the modern integrated circuit technology. However, the active isolator implemented by using the transistor has the problems of small power carrying capacity, small dynamic range and the like.
Document 1(Wang Y, Chen W, Chen x. high hly Linear and magnetic Isolator Based on weak Coupled non reciprocal metals [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and technology, 2019,67(11):4322-4331.) an active Isolator is realized by loading a directional coupler with a non-reciprocal phase shifter, the coupler couples only a small part of the energy to the upper loop when conducting in the forward direction, so the interaction between the incident wave and the active device is negligible, and the Isolator exhibits high power capability and high linearity. However, the isolator is extremely narrow in bandwidth, the center frequency of the isolator is designed to be 1.81GHz, the isolation degree of only one frequency point of a single isolator is 10.3dB, the 20dB bandwidth after three-stage cascade connection is still only 13MHz, and the relative bandwidth is only 0.7%.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects in the prior art, the invention provides a broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network comprises a non-reciprocal phase shifter, a transmission line 1, a coupling directional coupler, a transmission line 2 and a negative group delay circuit structure which are sequentially connected in series, wherein an isolation end of the coupling directional coupler is connected with the transmission line 1, and a coupling end of the coupling directional coupler is connected with the transmission line 2.
Preferably, the non-reciprocal phase shifter comprises a triode BJT, a radio frequency choke C1Radio frequency choke C2RF choke L1RF choke VBRF choke VceLarge resistance R5And four resistors R1、R2、R3、R4. Resistance R1One terminal and a capacitor C1One terminal of (1), resistance R2One end of the first and second connecting wires is connected, and the other end is grounded; resistance R2The other end of the input end is connected with the input end; resistance R3One terminal and a capacitor C2One end of (A), R4One end of the first and second connecting wires is connected, and the other end is grounded; resistance R4The other end is connected with the output end; resistance R5Base electrode of triode BJT and capacitor C1The other end is connected with a direct current power supply VB(ii) a Capacitor C2Another end of (1) and an inductor L1One end of the triode is connected with the collector of the triode BJT; inductor L1The other end is connected with a direct current voltage Vce(ii) a And the emitting set of the triode BJT is grounded.
Preferably, the directional coupler is connected with four microstrip lines TA1、TB1、TA2、TB2Sequential structural realization, in which the microstrip line TA1、TA2Identical impedance, microstrip line TB1、TB2The impedances are the same.
Preferably, the required coupling degree and isolation degree of the directional coupler are further obtained by adjusting the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line.
Preferably, the negative group delay circuit structure comprises six microstrip lines T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6Two sections of coupled lines CL1、CL2And four series resistors RA、RB、Ra、RbMicrostrip line T1One end of the microstrip line T2One end of (1), a resistor RaOne end of which is connected with the microstrip line T and the other end of which is connected with the microstrip line T6One end of the input end is connected with the input end; the other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T3One terminal of (1), resistance RAOne end of the two ends are connected; microstrip line T3The other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T4One terminal of (1), resistance RBOne end of the two ends are connected; microstrip line T4The other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T5Resistance RbOne end of the two ends are connected; microstrip line T5The other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T6The other end of the first switch is connected with the output end; resistance RaAnd the other end of (b) and a coupling line CL1Are connected to select the coupled line CL1And a resistor RaThe connected port is used as an input end, the isolation end and the straight-through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is open-circuited; resistance RbAnd the other end of (b) and a coupling line CL2Are connected to select the coupled line CL2And a resistor RbThe connected port is used as an input end, the isolation end and the straight-through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is open; resistance RAThe other end of the first and second electrodes is grounded; resistance RBAnd the other end of the same is grounded.
Preferably a microstrip line T1、T2、T4、T5、T6Microstrip line T of equal electrical length3Has an electrical length of microstrip line T1、T2、T4、T5、T6Three times the electrical length, coupled line CL1、CL2The odd-even mode impedance is different but the electrical length is the same as the microstrip line T1、T2、T4、T5、T6Are equal.
Preferably, impedance matching is satisfied at both ends of the series line formed by the transmission line 1, the nonreciprocal phase shifter and the negative group delay circuit structure, and the transmission line 2, and at both ends of the series line formed by the directional coupler and the transmission line 1, the nonreciprocal phase shifter and the negative group delay circuit structure, and the transmission line 2.
Preferably, the sum of the phases of the transmission path formed by the transmission line 2, the negative group delay network, the non-reciprocal phase shifter, the transmission line 1 and the directional coupler is an integer multiple of 2 pi.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the directional coupler can ensure that the wave almost propagates from the port 2 to the port 1 along the transmission line without interaction with a field effect tube and the like, and high linearity and low loss are obtained; when the wave is transmitted from the port 1 to the port 2, the wave resonates in the upper loop microwave resonant cavity, the energy is effectively absorbed, and the isolator has high isolation performance;
2. according to the invention, by loading the negative group delay network, the group delay of the total phase of the loop at the central frequency is reduced, so that the circuit meets the requirement that the total phase is zero in a frequency band as wide as possible, and the bandwidth of the isolator is further widened;
3. the invention realizes the coupler structure by adopting the structure that four sections of microstrip lines are connected, avoids the situation that the coupled line can not be processed because the distance between the two lines is too narrow by directly adopting the coupled line, has lower requirement on the processing precision and simultaneously improves the structural stability.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram structure of an implementation of an isolator.
Fig. 2 is a schematic exploded structure of an implementation of the isolator.
Fig. 3 is a negative group delay circuit structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a circuit configuration of a coupler used in the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a phase shifter circuit structure employed in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an overall circuit configuration of an example in which the isolator is implemented.
FIG. 7 shows S parameters obtained by simulation of the circuit structure combined layout.
Detailed Description
It is easily understood that various embodiments of the present invention can be conceived by those skilled in the art according to the technical solution of the present invention without changing the essential spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the technical aspects of the present invention, and should not be construed as all of the present invention or as limitations or limitations on the technical aspects of the present invention. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the innovative concepts of the invention.
The invention relates to a broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network, which comprises a non-reciprocal phase shifter (1), a transmission line 1(4), a coupling directional coupler (2), a transmission line 2(5) and a negative group delay circuit structure (3) which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the isolation end of the coupling directional coupler (2) is connected with the transmission line 1(4), and the coupling end is connected with the transmission line 2 (5).
In a further embodiment, the non-reciprocal phase shifter (1) comprises a triode BJT, a radio frequency choke C1Radio frequency choke C2RF choke L1RF choke VBRF choke VceLarge resistance R5And four resistors R1、R2、R3、R4. Resistance R1One terminal and a capacitor C1One terminal of (1), resistance R2One end of the first and second connecting wires is connected, and the other end is grounded; resistance R2The other end of the input end is connected with the input end; resistance R3One terminal and a capacitor C2One end of (A), R4One end of the first and second connecting wires is connected, and the other end is grounded; resistance R4The other end is connected with the output end; resistance R5One end ofBase electrode and capacitor C of triode BJT1The other end is connected with a direct current power supply VB(ii) a Capacitor C2Another end of (1) and an inductor L1One end of the triode is connected with the collector of the triode BJT; inductor L1The other end is connected with a direct-current voltage Vce(ii) a And the emitting set of the triode BJT is grounded.
In a further embodiment, the directional coupler (3) is formed by four microstrip lines TA1、TB1、TA2、TB2Sequential structural realization of which TA1、TA2Impedance is the same, TB1、TB2The impedances are the same. If the microstrip line T is selected due to symmetrical circuit structureB1、TA2The connected intersection point is used as an output end, namely the microstrip line TA2、TB2The intersection point of the two microstrip lines is a straight-through end of the couplerA1、TB2The intersection point of the two lines is the coupling end of the coupler, microstrip line TA1、TB1The intersection of (a) is the isolated section of the coupler. The required coupling degree and isolation degree of the directional coupler are obtained by adjusting the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line. Therefore, the coupler has lower requirements on processing precision and higher stability.
In a further embodiment, the negative group delay circuit structure (2) comprises six microstrip lines T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6Two sections of coupled lines CL1、CL2And four series resistors RA、RB、Ra、Rb. Wherein the microstrip line T1、T2、T4、T5、T6Microstrip line T of equal electrical length4Has an electrical length three times that of the first five microstrip lines, and a coupling line CL1、CL2The odd-even mode impedance is different but the electrical length is equal to the first five sections of microstrip lines. Microstrip line T1One end of the microstrip line T2One terminal of (1), resistance RaOne end of the microstrip line is connected with the other end of the microstrip line T6One end of the input end is connected with the input end; the other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T3One terminal of (1), resistance RAOne end of the two ends are connected; microstrip line T3Another end of (1) and the microstripLine T4One terminal of (1), resistance RBOne end of the two ends are connected; microstrip line T4The other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T5Resistance RbOne end of the two is connected; microstrip line T5The other end of (A) and the microstrip line T6The other end of the output shaft is connected with the output end; resistance RaAnd the other end of (1) and a coupling line CL1Are connected to select the coupled line CL1And a resistor RaThe connected port is used as an input end, the isolation end and the straight-through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is open-circuited; resistance RbAnd the other end of (1) and a coupling line CL2Are connected to select the coupled line CL2And a resistor RbThe connected port is used as an input end, the isolation end and the straight-through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is open-circuited; resistance RAThe other end of the second switch is grounded; resistance RBAnd the other end of the same is grounded.
The invention is realized by connecting a nonreciprocal phase shifter, a directional coupler, a negative group time delay network circuit and two sections of transmission lines in series. The negative group delay circuit cancels the group delay of other circuits in the path, so that the total group delay of the loop is zero in a wider frequency band near the central frequency, and the bandwidth of the loop is further expanded.
When a wave propagates from port 2 to port 1, the directional coupler couples only a small number of signals to the upper loop containing the negative group delay network and the non-reciprocal phase shifter, thereby ensuring that the wave propagates almost along the transmission line without interacting with the fets etc. resulting in high linearity and low loss. When the wave propagates to the port 2 along the opposite direction, namely the port 1, the wave resonates at the upper loop, the energy is effectively absorbed, the negative group delay circuit cancels the group delay of other circuits in the path, the total group delay of the loop is zero in a wider frequency band near the central frequency, and the circuit shows high isolation and wide isolation bandwidth.
In order to better explain the working principle of the isolator, the circuit is disassembled into an upper part and a lower part, as shown in fig. 2. The upper part circuit comprises a transmission line 1, a transmission line 2, a non-reciprocal phase shifter and a negative group delay circuit structure, and is a two-port network, and two ports are a port 5 and a port 6; the lower part of the circuit comprises a directional coupler which is a four-port network, and the four ports are port 1, port 2, port 3 and port 4. In order to obtain a larger isolation degree of the isolator, a transmission zero point needs to exist in a loop, the transmission zero point needs to enable the ports 5 and 6 and the ports 3 and 4 to meet impedance matching, and the phase sum of the whole transmission path (from the port 5 to the port 6 through the transmission line 2, the negative group delay network, the nonreciprocal phase shifter, the transmission line 1 and the port 4 and then the directional coupler to the port 3) is an integral multiple of 2 pi.
The more frequency points of the phase sum around the central frequency of the loop meet the condition that the phase sum is an integral multiple of 2 pi, namely, the smaller the absolute value of the slope around the zero point is, the larger the isolation bandwidth of the obtained isolator is.
Example 1
The invention adopts a PCB process, as shown in figure 1, which is a schematic diagram structure for realizing an isolator, wherein a negative group delay circuit structure is as shown in figure 2, and a directional coupler circuit structure is as shown in figure 3. Fig. 4 shows the overall circuit structure of the isolator of the present invention. The design of the invention utilizes simulation software ADS to draw a layout on the basis of considering electromagnetic interference, a bonding pad required by a device and actual layout, performs electromagnetic simulation on all microstrip lines in the invention, generates Symbol, and then brings the Symbol into a schematic diagram for combined simulation.
The microstrip line of the invention adopts 4003 process, wherein the dielectric constant is epsilonr3.55, and the thickness H of the dielectric plate is 0.508 mm. The triode is a BFP840FESD triode, and a device library provided by an official network is utilized for simulation.
The size of the microstrip line used at the two ends is as follows: microstrip line T7Has a width W70.8mm long by L71.6 mm; microstrip line T8Has a width of W80.7mm long and L8＝0.2mm。
Microstrip line size adopted by the negative group delay circuit structure part is as follows: microstrip line T1Has a width of W12.05mm, length L146 mm; microstrip line T2Has a width of W22.05mm, length L246 mm; microstrip line T3Has a width of W31mm long and L3139.6 mm; microstrip line T4Has a width of W42.12mm longIs L444.5 mm; microstrip line T5Has a width of W52.12mm long by L544.5 mm; microstrip line T6Has a width of W61.07mm, length L644.5 mm; the width of CL of the coupling line adopted by the negative group delay circuit structure is 1mm, the length of L is 46mm, and the distance of S is 0.2 mm.
The size of the microstrip line adopted by the directional coupler part is as follows: microstrip line TaHas a width of Wa2.3mm long by La46.3 mm; microstrip line TbHas a width Wb0.45mm, length Lb＝43.6mm。
The selected resistance impedances are respectively: r1＝10Ω，R2＝85Ω，R3＝230Ω，R4＝10Ω，R5＝7500Ω，R6＝265Ω，R7＝278Ω，R8＝65Ω，R9＝50Ω。
The selected capacitance values of the capacitors are respectively as follows: c1＝9pF，C20.8 pF. The inductance values selected were: l is1＝22nH。
The voltage loaded by the triode is as follows: vb＝1V，Vce＝2V。
As shown in FIG. 5, the S parameter simulation results for the isolator designed by the present invention show that the 20dB isolation bandwidth is 43MHz (941MHZ- -984MHZ) and the relative isolation bandwidth is 4.47%. At frequencies 950MHZ and 976MHZ, there are two isolation peaks, 41.464dB and 51.237dB respectively.
In summary, the broadband isolator based on the negative group delay network has the advantages of wide isolation bandwidth, large power carrying capacity, simple structure, easy processing and easy realization of circuit integration and system packaging.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
It should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes described in a single embodiment or with reference to a single figure, for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of various aspects of the invention by those skilled in the art. However, the present invention should not be construed such that the features included in the exemplary embodiments are all the essential technical features of the patent claims.
It should be understood that the modules, units, components, and the like included in the apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention may be adaptively changed to be provided in an apparatus different from that of the embodiment. The different modules, units or components comprised by the apparatus of an embodiment may be combined into one module, unit or component or may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules, sub-units or sub-components.
Claims (8)
1. A broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network is characterized by comprising a non-reciprocal phase shifter (1), a transmission line 1(4), a coupling directional coupler (2), a transmission line 2(5) and a negative group delay circuit structure (3) which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the isolation end of the coupling directional coupler (2) is connected with the transmission line 1(4), and the coupling end is connected with the transmission line 2 (5).
2. Negative group delay network based broadband isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-reciprocal phase shifter (1) comprises a triode BJT, a radio frequency choke C1Radio frequency choke C2RF choke L1RF choke VBRF choke VceLarge resistance R5And four resistors R1、R2、R3、R4. Resistance R1One terminal and a capacitor C1One terminal of (1), resistance R2One end of the first and second connecting wires is connected, and the other end is grounded; resistance R2The other end of the input end is connected with the input end; resistance R3One terminal and a capacitor C2One end of (A), R4One end of the first and second connecting wires is connected, and the other end is grounded; resistance R4The other end is connected with the output end; resistance R5Base electrode of triode BJT and capacitor C1The other end is connected with a direct current power supply VB(ii) a Capacitor C2Another end of (1) and an inductor L1One end of the triode is connected with the collector of the triode BJT; inductor L1The other end is connected with a direct current voltage Vce(ii) a And the emitting set of the triode BJT is grounded.
3. Negative group delay network-based broadband isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that the directional coupler (3) is implemented by four microstrip lines TA1、TB1、TA2、TB2Sequential structural realization, in which the microstrip line TA1、TA2Identical impedance, microstrip line TB1、TB2The impedances are the same.
4. The negative group delay network-based wideband isolator of claim 3, wherein the required degree of coupling and isolation of the directional coupler is obtained by adjusting the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line.
5. The negative group delay network-based wideband isolator of claim 1, wherein the negative group delay circuit structure (2) comprises six microstrip lines T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6Two sections of coupled lines CL1、CL2And four series resistors RA、RB、Ra、RbMicrostrip line T1One end of the microstrip line T2One terminal of (1), resistance RaOne end of which is connected with the microstrip line T and the other end of which is connected with the microstrip line T6One end of the input end is connected with the input end; the other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T3One terminal of (1), resistance RAOne end of the two ends are connected; microstrip line T3The other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T4One terminal of (1), resistance RBOne end of the two ends are connected; microstrip line T4The other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T5Resistance RbOne end of the two is connected; microstrip line T5The other end of the microstrip line and the microstrip line T6The other end of the first switch is connected with the output end; resistance RaAnd the other end of (b) and a coupling line CL1Are connected to select the coupled line CL1And a resistor RaConnected port is used asThe input end is the isolating end and the straight-through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is open-circuited; resistance RbAnd the other end of (1) and a coupling line CL2Are connected to select the coupled line CL2And a resistor RbThe connected port is used as an input end, the isolation end and the straight-through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is open; resistance RAThe other end of the first and second electrodes is grounded; resistance RBAnd the other end of the same is grounded.
6. The negative group delay network-based wideband isolator of claim 5, where the microstrip line T is1、T2、T4、T5、T6Microstrip line T of equal electrical length3Has an electrical length of microstrip line T1、T2、T4、T5、T6Three times the electrical length, coupled line CL1、CL2The odd-even mode impedance is different but the electrical length is different from that of the microstrip line T1、T2、T4、T5、T6Are equal.
7. The negative group delay network-based wideband isolator of claim 1, wherein impedance matching is satisfied at both ends of the transmission line 1, the non-reciprocal phase shifter and the negative group delay circuit structure, the two ends of the series path of the transmission line 2, and the two ends of the directional coupler connected to the series path of the transmission line 1, the non-reciprocal phase shifter and the negative group delay circuit structure, and the transmission line 2.
8. The negative group delay network-based wideband isolator of claim 1, wherein the sum of the phases of the transmission path formed by transmission line 2, the negative group delay network, the non-reciprocal phase shifter, transmission line 1 and the directional coupler is an integer multiple of 2 pi.
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| JP2007194870A (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2007-08-02 | Kenwood Corp | Directional coupler |
| KR20150126493A (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-12 | 세원텔레텍 주식회사 | Negative Group Delay Filters |
| CN108566175A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-21 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Adjustable negative group delay circuitry |
| CN110797612A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-14 | 大连海事大学 | Self-equalization linear phase filter based on negative group time delay admittance converter |
| CN112736458A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-30 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-element array broadband decoupling network |
| CN113611999A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-05 | 大连海事大学 | Broadband microwave circuit with low insertion loss and flat negative group delay characteristics |
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