CN111261989A

CN111261989A - Non-reciprocal power divider and electromagnetic wave transmission device

Info

Publication number: CN111261989A
Application number: CN202010206412.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 臧家伟; 王守源; 安少赓; 潘娟
Original assignee: China Academy of Information and Communications Technology CAICT
Current assignee: China Academy of Information and Communications Technology CAICT
Priority date: 2020-03-23
Filing date: 2020-03-23
Publication date: 2020-06-09

Abstract

The invention provides a nonreciprocal power divider and an electromagnetic wave transmission device, wherein the nonreciprocal power divider comprises: the dielectric substrate is provided with at least one Wilkinson power divider; the port of the Wilkinson power divider is used as a radio frequency port of the nonreciprocal power divider; the Wilkinson power divider is arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, each branch of the Wilkinson power divider comprises a filter, and the filter is composed of at least two resonators; the back of the medium substrate is provided with a plurality of variable capacitance diodes, a plurality of signal feed-in circuits, a plurality of metallized through holes and a plurality of modulation ports; the modulation ports are used for receiving modulation signals, each modulation port is connected to a metalized through hole through a signal feed-in circuit, one end of each variable capacitance diode is connected to one end of a resonator through a metalized through hole, and the other end of each variable capacitance diode is grounded. The invention realizes the nonreciprocal power divider without any magnetic material bias, and can be integrated with a circuit.

Description

Non-reciprocal power divider and electromagnetic wave transmission device

Technical Field

The invention relates to a semiconductor technology, in particular to a nonreciprocal power divider and an electromagnetic wave transmission device.

Background

In a mobile communication system, a radio frequency non-reciprocal device is an indispensable system component. The non-reciprocity means that the transmission of electromagnetic waves in two opposite directions in a medium presents different transmission characteristics of the electromagnetic waves.

Common radio frequency non-reciprocal devices are isolators, circulators, and the like. The isolator can protect the signal source from being damaged by high-power reflected signals, and the circulator can enable electromagnetic waves to be transmitted in a directional mode. In the prior art, non-reciprocal devices usually adopt a magnetic material and an external magnetic field bias mode to break time reversal symmetry so as to realize the non-reciprocity of electromagnetic wave transmission, and the non-reciprocal devices have the defects of high loss, large volume, high manufacturing cost, incapability of being integrated with a circuit and the like due to the use of the magnetic material.

With the rapid development of 5G communication, the frequency spectrum adopted by mobile communication is higher and higher, and the requirements for miniaturization and integration of devices are higher and higher. In the prior art, the nonreciprocal radio frequency devices almost all need to adopt ferrite and other magnetic materials to break time reversal symmetry, and the magnetic material lattices are incompatible with the processing technology of a CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) integrated circuit, so that the radio frequency devices are difficult to integrate with a system circuit, and the miniaturization of equipment is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a non-reciprocal power divider capable of being integrated with a circuit without a magnetic material bias. The non-reciprocal power divider provided by the invention comprises: the dielectric substrate is provided with at least one Wilkinson power divider; a port of the Wilkinson power divider is used as a radio frequency port of the nonreciprocal power divider; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the Wilkinson power divider is arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, each branch of the Wilkinson power divider comprises a filter, and the filter is composed of at least two resonators;

the back surface of the medium substrate is provided with a plurality of variable capacitance diodes, a plurality of signal feed-in circuits, a plurality of metallized through holes and a plurality of modulation ports; the modulation ports are used for receiving modulation signals, each modulation port is connected to a metalized through hole through a signal feed-in circuit, one end of each variable capacitance diode is connected to one end of a resonator through a metalized through hole, and the other end of each variable capacitance diode is grounded.

In the embodiment of the invention, the resonators of the filters are arranged in a staggered mode.

In the embodiment of the invention, the Wilkinson power divider is a microstrip-structured Wilkinson power divider.

In the embodiment of the invention, the back surface of the dielectric substrate is also provided with a plurality of inductors, and each signal feed-in circuit is respectively connected to the metalized through hole through one inductor.

In the embodiment of the invention, each signal feed-in circuit is a circuit with a coplanar waveguide structure.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the modulation signal includes: a dc bias voltage signal and/or a low frequency modulation signal.

In the embodiment of the invention, the resonator is a microstrip resonator.

Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a nonreciprocal electromagnetic wave transmission device, which is characterized in that the nonreciprocal power divider, the direct-current voltage source and the low-frequency signal source are arranged in front of the device;

and the direct-current voltage source and the low-frequency signal source provide modulation signals for the nonreciprocal power divider through the modulation port.

The non-reciprocal power divider does not need any magnetic material bias, breaks time reversal symmetry by adopting the control of space-time modulation, realizes the non-reciprocal power divider, and can realize the non-reciprocal power divider with adjustable working frequency by controlling the numerical value of direct-current bias voltage. The filter does not need any magnetic material bias and is integrated with the filter, so that the filter has the advantages of low cost, miniaturization, integration with a circuit and the like, and has the capability of filtering and inhibiting an out-of-band interference signal besides the function of distributing energy of the power divider.

In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a top view of a non-reciprocal power divider of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the structure of the non-reciprocal power divider of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a metalized via in the non-reciprocal power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a test curve of scattering parameter test of the power divider when the low-frequency modulation signal is not loaded and only the dc bias voltage signal is loaded in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a scattering parameter test curve of the non-reciprocal power divider after loading the modulation signal according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a scattering parameter test curve of the non-reciprocal power divider after changing the phase relationship of the modulation signals according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a scattering parameter test curve of the non-reciprocal power divider after reducing the DC bias voltage according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a scattering parameter test curve of the non-reciprocal power divider after increasing the dc bias voltage in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a non-reciprocal power divider, which comprises: the dielectric substrate is provided with at least one Wilkinson power divider; the port of the Wilkinson power divider is used as a radio frequency port of the nonreciprocal power divider; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

The invention relates to a space-time modulation-based non-reciprocal power divider, which realizes the non-reciprocity of electromagnetic wave transmission without any magnetic material bias. The transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave can be controlled by controlling the phase relation of each path of low-frequency modulation signal; and the reconfigurable characteristic of the working frequency can be realized by adjusting the direct current bias voltage loaded by the variable capacitance diode.

The nonreciprocal power divider provided by the invention can break the time reversal symmetry by applying a modulation signal to the modulation port by adopting a space-time modulation method, and can realize a nonreciprocal radio frequency device without any magnetic material. In the embodiment of the invention, a general implementation method of space-time modulation comprises the following steps: the time-varying modulation signals are loaded discretely, and the frequency, amplitude and initial phase of each modulation signal are controlled to realize the nonreciprocal propagation of the electromagnetic waves.

With the gradual large-scale commercial deployment of 5G and the deep research on B5G/6G mobile communication, a mobile communication system is continuously developing towards the direction of integration, the requirement on the integration level of a radio frequency device is higher and higher, and the space-time modulation based non-reciprocal device provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need magnetic material bias, has the characteristic of being compatible with a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process, and can be integrated with a system circuit, so that the space-time modulation based non-reciprocal device has a huge application prospect in the aspects of circuit miniaturization and integration.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to a specific example.

The non-reciprocal power divider based on space-time modulation provided by the embodiment is integrally realized by a wilkinson power divider and a filter. In the embodiment of the present invention, the non-reciprocal power divider includes: the microstrip resonator comprises a dielectric substrate, a plurality of microstrip resonators, a plurality of radio frequency ports, a plurality of modulation signal input ends, a plurality of inductors and a plurality of variable capacitance diodes.

Fig. 1 is a top view of a structure diagram of a non-reciprocal power divider according to this embodiment. The power divider provided in this embodiment is a one-to-two power divider.

The top surface of the dielectric substrate includes: three rf ports, a one-to-two wilkinson power divider 102, each power divider branch containing a filter. In the embodiment of fig. 1, the filter is a third order filter consisting of three resonators 1031 arranged in an interleaved manner.

In this embodiment, the wilkinson power divider 102 is implemented by a microstrip structure, and is composed of a microstrip line structure 1021 with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, a microstrip line structure 1022 with a length of a quarter-wavelength and a characteristic impedance of 70.7 ohms, a microstrip line structure 1023 with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, and a resistor 1024 with a resistance of 100 ohms.

The rear of the microstrip line structure 1023 in the two branches of the Wilkinson power divider is respectively connected with a third-order microstrip filter in a cascade mode, and the coupling output end of the third-order filter is a microstrip line structure 1025 with characteristic impedance of 50 ohms and is respectively a radio frequency port 2 and a radio frequency port 3.

The radio frequency port 1, the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3 are input and output ports of radio frequency signals. If the radio frequency signal is fed in from the radio frequency port 1, the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3 are radio frequency signal output ports; if rf signals are fed from

rf ports

2 and 3, rf port 1 is an rf signal output port.

Each third-order filter is composed of three microstrip resonators, a first branch comprises a resonator 1031, a resonator 1032 and a resonator 1033, a second branch comprises a resonator 1034, a resonator 1035 and a resonator 1036, the three microstrip resonators of each branch are sequentially arranged in a staggered mode, coupling strength can be effectively controlled by controlling the distance between the microstrip resonators, and one end of each microstrip resonator is connected with a varactor on the back side through a metalized through hole.

As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic view of a bottom of a dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the dielectric substrate in this embodiment includes: six modulation signal feed-in circuits, six modulation signal ends, six inductors and six variable capacitance diodes.

On the back copper-clad plate of the dielectric plate, six modulation signals are fed into the circuit 20, and each low-frequency modulation signal and the direct-current bias voltage signal are fed into the modulation signal feeding circuit from the modulation port.

The six modulation signal feed-in circuits adopt a coplanar waveguide structure to transmit low-frequency modulation signals and direct-current bias voltage signals, and in the embodiment, the characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide is designed to be 50 ohms. The ends of each modulated signal feed circuit are inductively coupled to the metallized vias 30 to increase the isolation between the rf signal ports and the modulated signal ports.

One end of the variable capacitance diode is connected with the microstrip resonator through the metallized through hole, the other end of the variable capacitance diode is connected with the metal ground, and the variable capacitance diode works in a reverse bias state and plays a role of a capacitor. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the metalized via 30 and the inductor 40 and the varactor 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention.

After the modulation port 301 is fed with the low-frequency modulation signal with the dc bias voltage, the microstrip resonator 1 connected to the varactor diode also becomes a time-varying resonator. Similarly, after the modulation port 302 feeds a low-frequency modulation signal with a dc bias voltage, the microstrip resonator 1032 connected to the varactor diode also becomes a time-varying resonator; after a low-frequency modulation signal with a direct-current bias voltage is fed into the modulation port 303, the microstrip resonator 1033 connected with the varactor diode also becomes a time-varying resonator; after a low-frequency modulation signal with a dc bias voltage is fed to the modulation port 304, the microstrip resonator 1034 connected to the varactor diode also becomes a time-varying resonator; after the modulation port 305 feeds a low-frequency modulation signal with a dc bias voltage, the microstrip resonator 1035 connected to the varactor diode also becomes a time-varying resonator; the microstrip resonator 1036 connected to the varactor diode also becomes a time-varying resonator after the low frequency modulation signal with dc bias voltage is fed into the modulation port 306.

The non-reciprocal power divider of the embodiment of the invention is symmetrical, the two branches are completely the same, and the space-time modulation implementation method comprises the following steps: a modulation port 301, a modulation port 302 and a modulation port 303 are sequentially fed with a time-varying low-frequency modulation signal with direct-current bias;

the frequency of the low frequency modulation signal is:

ω_m＝2πf_m

phase is

(i corresponds to

modulation port number

301, 302, 303).

At this time, the capacitance value of each varactor diode changes with time near the quiescent point according to the following formula:

in the formula, C₀The static capacitance value is determined by the DC bias voltage, and the static capacitance value can influence the resonant frequency of the resonator, so that the working frequency of the nonreciprocal power divider is influenced;

in practical engineering use, a capacitance-voltage curve of the varactor exists, namely, a relationship (curve) of capacitance value changing along with bias voltage, and the relationship curve is usually provided by a selected varactor data manual;

secondly, static state means that a low-frequency time-varying modulation signal (dynamic signal) is not loaded on the varactor diode, only a direct-current bias voltage is loaded, and only the direct-current bias voltage exists (not changing along with time, which is called as static state), the capacitance value presented by the varactor diode at the moment is called as a static capacitance value (not changing along with time), and the capacitance value can be determined by a relation curve of the capacitance value changing along with the bias voltage, namely by specifically referring to a product data manual of the selected varactor diode, so that the static capacitance value can be determined according to the direct-current bias voltage.

Δ_m＝Δ_C/C₀Is a modulation factor (0)<Δ_m<1),Δ_CThe amplitude of the capacitance fluctuation is controlled by the amplitude of the modulation signal.

Meanwhile, modulation port 304 and modulation port 301, modulation port 305 and modulation port 302, and modulation port 306 and modulation port 303 feed the same time-varying low-frequency modulation signal with dc bias, including the same dc bias voltage value, the same low-frequency modulation signal frequency, amplitude and initial phase.

The direct current bias voltage fed in by the modulation port is controlled by a direct current voltage source externally connected with the modulation port; the low-frequency modulation signal fed in by the modulation port is controlled by a low-frequency signal source externally connected with the modulation port. The direct current bias voltage acts on the variable capacitance diode, the magnitude of the bias voltage directly influences the working frequency of the power divider, and the initial value of the bias voltage is determined according to a data manual of the variable capacitance diode of the selected type; the frequency of the low frequency modulation signal should be less than the passband bandwidth of the integrated filter; the amplitude of the low frequency modulation signal influences the modulation factor Δ_mThe modulation factor initial value may be set to 0.1; the initial value of the phase of the low frequency modulated signal may be between 30 and 120 degrees.

When the method is implemented, the non-reciprocal power divider can obtain optimal response after the direct-current bias voltage, the frequency of the low-frequency modulation signal, the amplitude of the low-frequency modulation signal and the phase of the low-frequency modulation signal are comprehensively adjusted according to the specific working frequency requirement of the required non-reciprocal power divider. The control of the radio frequency signal transmission is realized by adjusting the phase of the low frequency modulation signal fed in from the adjusting port.

When the phases of the low-frequency modulation signals fed into the modulation port 301, the modulation port 302 and the modulation port 303 are controlled to sequentially satisfy

In which

For the step phase, the rf signals can be transmitted from the rf port 1 to the

rf ports

2 and 3 in an evenly distributed manner, but the rf signals cannot be effectively transmitted from the

rf ports

2 and 3 to the rf port 1;

on the contrary, when the phases of the low-frequency modulation signals fed into the modulation port 301, the modulation port 302 and the modulation port 303 are controlled to satisfy in sequence

During the process, the radio frequency signals can be transmitted to the radio frequency port 1 from the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3, but the radio frequency signals cannot be effectively transmitted to the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3 from the radio frequency port 1, so that the nonreciprocal transmission of electromagnetic waves is realized.

The above

And

wherein i is used for counting, i is 1,2 … n; n is the filter order;

in an embodiment, if the filter integrated in each branch of the power divider is third-order, i.e. three modulation signals need to be loaded, i is 1,2, and 3.

If the filter integrated in each branch of the power divider is of the second order, i is 1, 2.

If the filter integrated in each branch of the power divider is of the fifth order, i is 1,2,3,4, 5.

In general, the value of i starts from 1, and the maximum value is the integrated filter order.

The value of the direct current bias voltage fed into the modulation port is changed, and the static capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode is also changed, so that the working frequency of the nonreciprocal power divider can be controlled. When the value of the direct current bias voltage fed into the modulation port is reduced, the static capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode is increased, so that the working frequency of the nonreciprocal power divider is reduced; when the value of the direct current bias voltage fed into the modulation port is increased, the static capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode is reduced, and therefore the working frequency of the nonreciprocal power divider is increased.

In addition, after the modulation signal port 301, the modulation signal port 302, the modulation signal port 303, the modulation signal port 304, the modulation signal port 305, and the modulation signal port 306 of the nonvolatile power divider provided in the embodiment of the present invention remove the low-frequency modulation signal, the transmission of the electromagnetic wave in the power divider provided in the embodiment of the present invention is completely reciprocal.

Fig. 1 and fig. 2 in the embodiment of the present invention are only illustrated by taking a one-to-two wilkinson power divider and a third-order filter as examples, and by adopting the technical scheme described in the present invention, any one-to-many wilkinson power divider can be integrated with any two-order or more filters according to actual engineering requirements, so that a required non-reciprocal power divider can be implemented, that is, the implementation manner mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.

The non-reciprocal power divider provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need any magnetic material bias, adopts a space-time modulation method to break time reversal symmetry, realizes the non-reciprocal power divider, and can realize the non-reciprocal power divider with adjustable working frequency by controlling the numerical value of direct-current bias voltage.

The non-reciprocal power divider provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need any magnetic material bias and is integrated with the filter, has the advantages of low cost, miniaturization, capability of being integrated with a circuit and the like, and has the capability of filtering and inhibiting out-of-band interference signals besides the function of power divider energy distribution.

In the embodiment of the invention, the adopted dielectric substrate is an F4B substrate, the relative dielectric constant of the F4B substrate is 2.55, the loss tangent value is 0.0015, the thickness is 1.27mm, and the size is l₁＝114mm，w₁69.4 mm. As shown in the top view of fig. 1, the non-reciprocal power splitter of the present invention is symmetrical in structure.

The parameters of the Wilkinson power divider integrated in the embodiment of the invention are as follows:

the characteristic impedance of the first part 1021 of the micro-strip structure of the Wilkinson power divider is 50 ohms, and the length l₂15mm, width 3.4 mm;

the characteristic impedance of transition band 1022 of Wilkinson power divider is 70.7 ohm, and length l₃20.4mm, 1.85mm width, and a spacing g₃＝1.65mm；

The characteristic impedance of the third part 1023 of the microstrip structure of the Wilkinson power divider is 50 ohms, and the length l₄＝43.7mm，l₅6.7mm, 3.4mm wide;

the resistance value of the resistor 1024 welded between the two branches of the wilkinson power divider is 100 ohms.

The length of the resonator 1031 and the resonator 1033 of the microstrip structure in the third-order filter structure integrated by the invention is l₈Resonator 1032 is l length, 25mm₉The width of the microstrip resonator is 1.6mm, which is 24.4 mm.

When the microstrip line filter is optimally designed, attention needs to be paid to adjusting the distance between the resonators to realize good impedance matching, and the distance g in the preferred embodiment₁＝0.5mm，g₂＝2.4mm。

The diameter of the metallized through hole at the tail end of the microstrip resonator is 0.5 mm.

The

radio frequency ports

2 and 3 adopt a microstrip line structure with characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, namely w₂3.4mm, length dimension l of the microstrip line structure₆28.3mm and l₇＝16.7mm。

In the embodiment of the invention, the type of the variable capacitance diode is SMV1232, and the inductance of the inductor is 52 nH. The characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide is 50 ohms, g₄＝0.22mm，w₃3mm, length dimension l of coplanar waveguide₁₀＝10.3mm，l₁₁＝8mm。

As shown in FIG. 3, the metal base plate is removed of diameter Φ₁2mm round surface, and placing the diameter phi₂The 1mm round metal surface is used for fixedly welding the variable capacitance diode and the inductor.

The rf signal is fed from rf port 1 or rf

ports

2 and 3, the dc bias voltage and the low frequency modulation signal are fed from modulation port 301, modulation port 302, and modulation port 303 in sequence, and it is ensured that the dc bias voltage and the low frequency modulation signal fed from modulation port 304 and modulation port 301, modulation port 305 and modulation port 302, and modulation port 306 and modulation port 303 are identical. The nonreciprocal of electromagnetic wave transmission is realized by controlling the frequency, amplitude and phase relationship of the low-frequency modulation signal.

When the modulation port 301, the modulation port 302, the modulation port 303, the modulation port 304, the modulation port 305, and the modulation port 306 are only loaded with the dc bias voltage signal and not with the low frequency modulation signal, the designed power divider is reciprocal, experimental test data thereof is shown in fig. 4, and return loss S of the power divider₁₁The power divider has a good return loss characteristic when the power divider is smaller than-10 dB near an in-band working frequency band of 2.4GHz, and meanwhile, the power divider has a good filtering and inhibiting effect on out-of-band interference signals.

As shown in fig. 4, at this time, the rf signal is transmitted from the rf port 1 to the rf port 2 and the rf port 3 with equal power distribution, and the rf signal can also be transmitted from the rf port 2 and the rf port 3 to the rf port 1, i.e. S₂₁＝S₁₂、S₃₁＝S₁₃Since it is an equipower division, S₂₁＝S₃₁. An additional 2.5dB insertion loss is introduced due to the energy loss of lumped devices such as varactors and inductors.

When the modulation port 301, the modulation port 302 and the modulation port 303 are sequentially fed with the low-frequency modulation signal with the direct current bias, and the phases of the three modulation signals are sequentially satisfied

Step phase

Meanwhile, the dc bias voltage and the low frequency modulation signal fed into the

modulation ports

304 and 301, 305 and 302, 306 and 303 are all the same, and the non-reciprocal power divider response is as shown in fig. 5, trying to obtain the sameThe DC bias voltage is 1.9V in the test, and the frequency f of the low-frequency modulation signal_m70MHz, modulation factor Δ_m＝0.08。

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the return loss S of the non-reciprocal power divider₁₁The power consumption is less than-10 dB near the in-band working frequency band of 2.4GHz, so that the power consumption has good return loss characteristic, and meanwhile, the power consumption has good filtering and inhibiting effects on out-of-band interference signals. As can be seen from FIG. 3, S₂₁≠S₁₂、S₃₁≠S₁₃Electromagnetic wave propagation has non-reciprocity of about 10dB, electromagnetic waves can be transmitted from the radio frequency port 1 to the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3, and electromagnetic waves cannot be transmitted from the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3 to the radio frequency port 1. The inventive non-reciprocal power divider has good port isolation S₃₂Better than 30 dB.

When the modulation port 301, the modulation port 302 and the modulation port 303 are sequentially fed with the low-frequency modulation signal with the direct current bias, and the phases of the three modulation signals are adjusted to sequentially meet the requirements

Step phase

Meanwhile, the direct current bias voltage and the low-frequency modulation signal fed into the modulation port 304 and the modulation port 301, the modulation port 305 and the modulation port 302, and the modulation port 306 and the modulation port 303 are ensured to be identical, and the non-reciprocal power divider responds. As shown in FIG. 6, the DC bias voltage was 1.9V and the frequency f of the low frequency modulation signal was tested_m70MHz, modulation factor Δ_m＝0.08。

As can be seen from FIG. 6, the return loss S of the non-reciprocal power divider₁₁The power consumption is less than-10 dB near the in-band working frequency band of 2.4GHz, so that the power consumption has good return loss characteristic, and meanwhile, the power consumption has good filtering and inhibiting effects on out-of-band interference signals. As can be seen from FIG. 4, S₁₂≠S₂₁、S₁₃≠S₃₁Electromagnetic wave propagation has a nonreciprocal of about 10dB, and electromagnetic waves can be transmitted from the RF port 2 and the RF port 3 to the RF port 1Cannot be transmitted from rf port 1 to rf port 2 and rf port 3.

Step phase

Meanwhile, it is ensured that the dc bias voltage and the low frequency modulation signal fed into the modulation port 304 and the modulation port 301, the modulation port 305 and the modulation port 302, and the modulation port 306 and the modulation port 303 are completely the same, and the dc bias voltage is controlled to be 0.4V, at this time, the non-reciprocal power divider responds as shown in fig. 7, and the frequency f of the low frequency modulation signal in the experimental test is shown as the frequency f_m70MHz, modulation factor Δ_m＝0.08。

As can be seen from FIG. 7, the return loss S of the non-reciprocal power divider₁₁The power consumption is less than-10 dB near the in-band working frequency band of 2.2GHz, so that the power consumption has good return loss characteristic, and meanwhile, the power consumption has good filtering and inhibiting effects on out-of-band interference signals. As can be seen from FIG. 5, S₂₁≠S₁₂、S₃₁≠S₁₃Electromagnetic wave propagation has non-reciprocity of about 10dB, electromagnetic waves can be transmitted from the radio frequency port 1 to the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3, and electromagnetic waves cannot be transmitted from the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3 to the radio frequency port 1. Therefore, when the value of the direct current bias voltage fed into the modulation port is reduced, the working frequency of the nonreciprocal power divider is reduced, and the adjustable characteristic of the working frequency is realized.

Step phase

The degree of the magnetic field is measured,meanwhile, the direct current bias voltage and the low-frequency modulation signal fed into the modulation port 304 and the modulation port 301, the modulation port 305 and the modulation port 302, and the modulation port 306 and the modulation port 303 are completely the same, the direct current bias voltage is controlled to be 3.5V, at this time, the response of the nonreciprocal power divider is as shown in fig. 8, and the frequency f of the low-frequency modulation signal in the experimental test is_m70MHz, modulation factor Δ_m＝0.08。

As can be seen from FIG. 8, the return loss S of the non-reciprocal power divider₁₁The power consumption is less than-10 dB near the in-band working frequency band of 2.6GHz, so that the power consumption has good return loss characteristic, and meanwhile, the power consumption has good filtering and inhibiting effects on out-of-band interference signals. As can be seen from FIG. 8, S₂₁≠S₁₂、S₃₁≠S₁₃Electromagnetic wave propagation has non-reciprocity of about 10dB, electromagnetic waves can be transmitted from the radio frequency port 1 to the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3, and electromagnetic waves cannot be transmitted from the radio frequency port 2 and the radio frequency port 3 to the radio frequency port 1. Therefore, when the value of the direct current bias voltage fed into the modulation port is increased, the working frequency of the nonreciprocal power divider is increased, and the adjustable characteristic of the working frequency is realized.

Furthermore, it can be seen from fig. 4 to 8 that the partial energy coupling between the resonators is modulated and converted to higher order harmonics due to the use of lumped devices such as varactors and inductors, and

it can be seen from the above embodiments that, unlike the existing rf non-reciprocal device that relies on the bias of magnetic materials such as ferrite, the non-reciprocal power divider provided by the present invention can adopt a space-time modulation mode, that is, break the time reversal symmetry by discretely loading a low-frequency modulation signal with dc bias voltage on the resonator and controlling the phase relationship of the modulation signal, thereby implementing the non-reciprocal transmission of electromagnetic waves. The nonreciprocal power divider provided by the invention does not need magnetic material bias such as ferrite and the like, and the problem that the magnetic material lattice is incompatible with the CMOS integrated circuit processing technology does not exist.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. The many features and advantages of the embodiments are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the embodiments that fall within the true spirit and scope thereof. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiments of the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope thereof.

The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-reciprocal power divider is characterized in that the non-reciprocal power divider comprises: the dielectric substrate is provided with at least one Wilkinson power divider; a port of the Wilkinson power divider is used as a radio frequency port of the nonreciprocal power divider; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

2. The non-reciprocal power divider of claim 1, wherein the resonators of the filters are staggered.

3. The non-reciprocal power divider of claim 1, wherein the wilkinson power divider is a microstrip configuration wilkinson power divider.

4. The non-reciprocal power divider of claim 1, wherein a plurality of inductors are disposed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate, and each signal feeding circuit is connected to the metalized via an inductor.

5. The non-reciprocal power divider of claim 1, wherein the signal feeding circuit is a coplanar waveguide structure circuit.

6. The non-reciprocal power divider of claim 1, wherein the modulation signal comprises: a dc bias voltage signal and/or a low frequency modulation signal.

7. The non-reciprocal power divider of claim 3, wherein the resonators are microstrip resonators.

8. A non-reciprocal electromagnetic wave transmission device, said device comprising the non-reciprocal power divider, dc voltage source and low frequency signal source of any one of claims 1-6;