CN114591113A - Special fertilizer for tomatoes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for tomatoes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114591113A CN114591113A CN202210388897.4A CN202210388897A CN114591113A CN 114591113 A CN114591113 A CN 114591113A CN 202210388897 A CN202210388897 A CN 202210388897A CN 114591113 A CN114591113 A CN 114591113A
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- tomatoes
- acrylate
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- fertilizer
- prepolymer
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- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title description 48
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims abstract 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical group CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960002645 boric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001781 ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 20
- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005094 fruit set Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015193 tomato juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015113 tomato pastes and purées Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/10—Esters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention provides a special fertilizer for tomatoes and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizer preparation. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for tomatoes provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) mixing acrylate with an alkaline catalyst and water, and reacting to obtain a prepolymer; (2) and mixing the prepolymer with inorganic nutrients, polyglutamic acid, a cross-linking agent and an initiator, and reacting to obtain a copolymer, namely the special fertilizer for the tomatoes. The special fertilizer for tomatoes provided by the invention can improve the growth performance and yield of tomato plants and the quality and nutritive value of tomato fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a special fertilizer for tomatoes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Tomato (academic name: Lycopersicon esculentum), i.e., tomato. Tomato is cultivated widely in south America and south and north China. The tomato has rich nutrition and special flavor. Can be eaten raw, boiled, processed tomato paste, juice or canned.
At present, the application of chemical fertilizers in tomato planting can effectively improve the yield, but various adverse effects are brought along with the increase of the application amount of the chemical fertilizers and the unscientific application mode. The most significant of these are the effects on soil and tomato quality. The increase of the application amount of the chemical fertilizer increases the contents of heavy metals and nitrates in the soil, and destroys the structure and physical properties of the soil. The alteration of soil structure further affects the quality and yield of tomatoes. For example, it results in a decrease in the content of nutrients such as amino acids in tomato fruits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special fertilizer for tomatoes and a preparation method thereof, which are used for improving the yield and the quality of tomatoes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a special fertilizer for tomatoes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing acrylate with an alkaline catalyst and water, and reacting to obtain a prepolymer;
(2) and mixing the prepolymer with inorganic nutrients, polyglutamic acid, a cross-linking agent and an initiator, and reacting to obtain a copolymer, namely the special fertilizer for the tomatoes.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the acrylate to the basic catalyst is 0.65-0.85: 1; the alkaline catalyst is sodium hydroxide solution and/or potassium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the acrylate to the water is 35-45: 45-50.
Preferably, the reaction temperature in the step (1) is 80-85 ℃, and the reaction time is 25-35 min.
Preferably, the inorganic nutrients comprise urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid and manganese sulfate; the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium nitrate to the monoammonium phosphate to the calcium nitrate to the zinc sulfate to the ferrous sulfate to the boric acid to the manganese sulfate is 15-20: 25-35: 10-15: 8-12: 0.3-0.7: 0.1-0.5: 0.1-0.5: 0.2 to 0.6.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the acrylic ester to the inorganic nutrients to the polyglutamic acid is 10-15: 4-8: 0.1 to 0.5.
Preferably, the crosslinking agent is isopropanol, and the crosslinking agent accounts for 15-20% of the mass of the acrylate.
Preferably, the initiator is one of potassium persulfate, calcium persulfate and ammonium persulfate, and the initiator accounts for 1-5% of the mass of the acrylate.
Preferably, the reaction temperature in the step (2) is 60-70 ℃, and the reaction time is 30-50 min.
The invention also provides the special tomato fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.
The special fertilizer for tomatoes provided by the invention can improve the growth performance and yield of tomato plants and the quality and nutritive value of tomato fruits. Particularly, after the synthesis conditions of the prepolymer are improved, the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity of the fertilizer is improved; in addition, because the special fertilizer for tomatoes contains the polyglutamic acid, the yield and the nutritional value of tomato plants are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a special fertilizer for tomatoes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing acrylate with an alkaline catalyst and water, and reacting to obtain a prepolymer;
(2) and mixing the prepolymer with inorganic nutrients, polyglutamic acid, a cross-linking agent and an initiator, and reacting to obtain a copolymer, namely the special fertilizer for the tomatoes.
The invention mixes acrylate with alkaline catalyst and water to react and obtain prepolymer.
In the present invention, the molar ratio of the acrylate to the basic catalyst is preferably 0.65 to 0.85:1, more preferably 0.7 to 0.8:1, and still more preferably 0.75: 1.
In the present invention, the basic catalyst is preferably a sodium hydroxide solution and/or a potassium hydroxide solution, and more preferably a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
In the present invention, the pH of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and the pH of the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution are independently preferably 8 to 9, and further independently preferably 8.5.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the acrylate to water is preferably 35 to 45:45 to 50, and more preferably 40: 48.
In the invention, the reaction temperature of the acrylate and the alkaline catalyst is preferably 80-85 ℃, and more preferably 83 ℃; the reaction time is preferably 25 to 35min, and more preferably 30 min.
After the prepolymer is prepared, the prepolymer is mixed with inorganic nutrients, the prepolymer, a crosslinking agent and an initiator to react to obtain a copolymer
In the present invention, the inorganic nutrients preferably include urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, and manganese sulfate.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the urea, the potassium nitrate, the monoammonium phosphate, the calcium nitrate, the zinc sulfate, the ferrous sulfate, the boric acid and the manganese sulfate is preferably 15-20: 25-35: 10-15: 8-12: 0.3-0.7: 0.1-0.5: 0.1-0.5: 0.2 to 0.6, more preferably 18:30:15:10:0.5:0.3:0.2: 0.4.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the acrylic ester to the inorganic nutrients to the polyglutamic acid is preferably 10-15: 4-8: 0.1 to 0.5, and more preferably 12:6: 0.3.
In the invention, the cross-linking agent is preferably isopropanol, and the isopropanol is preferably 15-20% of the mass of the acrylate, and is more preferably 17% of the mass of the acrylate.
In the present invention, the initiator is preferably one of potassium persulfate, calcium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate, and more preferably potassium persulfate.
In the present invention, the amount of the initiator is preferably 1 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 3% by mass, based on the mass of the acrylate.
In the invention, the reaction temperature of the prepolymer, inorganic nutrients, polyglutamic acid, a cross-linking agent and an initiator is preferably 60-70 ℃, and more preferably 65 ℃; the reaction time is preferably 30-50 min, and more preferably 35 min.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Adding acrylic ester and sodium hydroxide solution (pH is 8.5) into water according to the molar ratio of 0.75:1 (the mass ratio of the acrylic ester to the water is 40:48), and reacting at 83 ℃ for 30min to obtain a prepolymer. Adding the inorganic nutrient and the polyglutamic acid into the prepolymer according to the mass ratio of the acrylate to the inorganic nutrient to the polyglutamic acid of 12:6:0.3, uniformly mixing, adding an isopropanol cross-linking agent accounting for 17% of the mass of the acrylate and a potassium persulfate initiator accounting for 3%, and reacting at 65 ℃ for 35min to obtain a copolymer, namely the special fertilizer for the tomatoes. Wherein the inorganic nutrients comprise urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid and manganese sulfate in a mass ratio of 18:30:15:10:0.5:0.3:0.2: 0.4.
Example 2
Adding acrylic ester and a sodium hydroxide solution (pH is 8) into water according to a molar ratio of 0.7:1 (the mass ratio of the acrylic ester to the water is 25-45), and reacting at 80 ℃ for 35min to obtain a prepolymer. Adding the inorganic nutrient and the polyglutamic acid into the prepolymer according to the mass ratio of the acrylate to the inorganic nutrient to the polyglutamic acid of 10:4:0.1, uniformly mixing, adding an isopropanol cross-linking agent accounting for 20% of the mass of the acrylate and a potassium persulfate initiator accounting for 1%, and reacting for 50min at 60 ℃ to obtain a copolymer, namely the special fertilizer for the tomatoes. Wherein the inorganic nutrients comprise urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid and manganese sulfate in a mass ratio of 18:30:15:10:0.5:0.3:0.2: 0.4.
Example 3
Adding acrylic ester and sodium hydroxide solution (pH is 9) into water according to a molar ratio of 0.85:1 (the mass ratio of the acrylic ester to the water is 45:50), and reacting at 85 ℃ for 25min to obtain a prepolymer. Adding the inorganic nutrient and the polyglutamic acid into the prepolymer according to the mass ratio of the acrylate to the inorganic nutrient to the polyglutamic acid of 15:8:0.5, uniformly mixing, adding an isopropanol cross-linking agent accounting for 15% of the mass of the acrylate and a potassium persulfate initiator accounting for 5%, and reacting at 70 ℃ for 30min to obtain a copolymer, namely the special fertilizer for the tomatoes. Wherein the inorganic nutrients comprise urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid and manganese sulfate in a mass ratio of 18:30:15:10:0.5:0.3:0.2: 0.4.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that polyglutamic acid is omitted.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 in that the reaction temperature and reaction time of acrylate with sodium hydroxide were changed. In comparative example 6, the reaction temperature of the reaction of sodium acrylate and sodium hydroxide solution to synthesize the prepolymer was 95 ℃ and the reaction time was 15 min.
Experimental example 1
The experimental site: the city of the flatness is the same as the city of Yaojiajing village.
Experiment time: 9 days 12 and 12 months in 2020 (transplanting tomato seedlings) to 11 days 6 and 6 months in 2021 (harvesting).
Tomato varieties to be tested: greenhouse tomato, Yanma powder No. 6.
Soil type: the mortar is black soil, the pH value of the soil is 7.0, the organic matter of the soil is 14.5mg/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 65.4mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 52.3mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 141 mg/kg.
Experiment design: the experiment adopts an experiment method of random block arrangement of field cells, and the area of each cell is 30m2Each set of 3 replicates.
Control group: before field planting, 250 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are applied.
Treatment 1: before field planting, 150 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are applied, and the special fertilizer for the tomatoes prepared in example 1 is 50 kg/mu.
And (3) treatment 2: before field planting, 150 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer, 50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of special fertilizer for tomatoes prepared in example 2 are applied.
And (3) treatment: before field planting, 150 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer is applied, and 80 kg/mu of the special fertilizer for tomatoes prepared in example 3 is applied.
And (4) treatment: before field planting, 150 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer, 50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of fertilizer prepared in comparative example 1 are applied.
And (4) treatment 5: before field planting, 150 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer, 50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of fertilizer prepared in comparative example 2 are applied.
The field management during the experiment is carried out according to the general management method of the No. 6 tomato Brilliant powder, and the conditions of different treatment groups are consistent.
As a result:
TABLE 1 comparison of biological traits in tomato treated differently
| Treatment of | Internode length (cm) | Percentage of fruit set (%) | Rate of malformed fruits (%) | Average single fruit weight (g) |
| Control group | 8.2 | 90.5 | 1.1 | 176.3 |
| Process 1 | 8.8 | 96.8 | 0.2 | 220.4 |
| Treatment 2 | 8.7 | 96.6 | 0.3 | 218.4 |
| Treatment 3 | 8.8 | 96.7 | 0.3 | 219.9 |
| Treatment 4 | 8.4 | 93.4 | 0.8 | 190.6 |
| Treatment 5 | 8.4 | 93.1 | 0.5 | 205.4 |
As can be seen from the table 1, the fertilizer special for tomatoes, provided by the invention (treatment 1-3), has a remarkable promoting effect on the internode length, the fruit setting rate and the average single fruit weight average of tomato plants, and can remarkably reduce the malformed fruit rate. After the polyglutamic acid is omitted, the promotion effect on the tomato plant internode length, the fruit setting rate and the average single fruit weight is obviously reduced, the malformed fruit rate is obviously increased, and after the treatment 5 changes the synthesis temperature and time of the prepolymer, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the fertilizer is influenced, so that the indexes of the tomato plant internode length, the fruit setting rate, the average single fruit weight, the malformed fruit rate and the like are reduced compared with the treatment 1-3. The water and fertilizer retention agent (copolymer) synthesized by the invention can improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the fertilizer and has certain effect on promoting the growth of tomato plants.
TABLE 2 yield of different treatments and yield increase relative to control
As can be seen from Table 2, the tomato yields can be significantly improved by the treatments 1-3, and the yields are respectively increased by 37.38%, 37.08% and 37.13% compared with the control group. While treatments 4 to 5 also had a certain yield-increasing effect, the difference was significant compared with treatments 1 to 3. Especially, the yield increase rate was significantly decreased after treatment 4 omitted polyglutamic acid, which indicates that polyglutamic acid has a significant promoting effect on increasing tomato yield.
TABLE 3 amino acid content in the treated tomato fruits
As can be seen from Table 3, the total content of amino acids in the tomato fruits harvested by the treatment of 1-3 is higher than that of the control group and that of the tomato fruits harvested by the treatment of 4-5 groups, which indicates that the special fertilizer for tomatoes provided by the invention can improve the quality of the tomato fruits, especially the nutritional value of the tomato fruits.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for the tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) mixing acrylate with an alkaline catalyst and water, and reacting to obtain a prepolymer;
(2) and mixing the prepolymer with inorganic nutrients, polyglutamic acid, a cross-linking agent and an initiator, and reacting to obtain a copolymer, namely the special fertilizer for the tomatoes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the acrylate to the basic catalyst is 0.65 to 0.85: 1; the alkaline catalyst is sodium hydroxide solution and/or potassium hydroxide solution.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylate to the water is 35 to 45:45 to 50.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the reaction temperature in the step (1) is 80 to 85 ℃ and the reaction time is 25 to 35 min.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the inorganic nutrients include urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, and manganese sulfate; the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium nitrate to the monoammonium phosphate to the calcium nitrate to the zinc sulfate to the ferrous sulfate to the boric acid to the manganese sulfate is (15-20): 25-35: 10-15: 8-12: 0.3-0.7: 0.1-0.5: 0.1-0.5: 0.2 to 0.6.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylate to the inorganic nutrients to the polyglutamic acid is 10-15: 4-8: 0.1 to 0.5.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the crosslinking agent is isopropanol, and the crosslinking agent accounts for 15-20% of the mass of the acrylate.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the initiator is one of potassium persulfate, calcium persulfate and ammonium persulfate, and the initiator accounts for 1-5% of the mass of the acrylate.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the reaction in the step (2) is carried out at a temperature of 60 to 70 ℃ for 30 to 50 min.
10. The fertilizer special for tomatoes, which is obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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