CN114586891A

CN114586891A - Functional dietary fiber used in combination with premixed feed and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114586891A
Application number: CN202210312940.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高响; 方龙根; 车亮; 李俊刚; 丁巍; 王亚男; 郭林英
Original assignee: Conti Feed China Co ltd
Current assignee: Conti Feed China Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-03-28
Filing date: 2022-03-28
Publication date: 2022-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-28
Also published as: CN114586891B

Abstract

The invention discloses functional dietary fiber used in combination with premixed feed and a preparation method thereof. The functional fiber comprises a compound modified bagasse raw material and a modified wood raw material. The functional dietary fiber can effectively replace bran to be used in pregnant feed and lactation feed, obviously reduces the content of vomitoxin in the feed, further reduces the adverse effect of the toxin on sows, and improves the production performance of the sows. In addition, the functional fiber can obviously improve constipation of sows and satiety of sows, and has wide market application prospect in sow feed as a functional fiber raw material.

Description

Functional dietary fiber used in combination with premixed feed and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of feeds, in particular to functional dietary fiber matched with a premixed feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The sows are generally restricted to feed in the gestation period to control the body types of the pregnant sows and prevent the problems of difficult labor and the like caused by overlarge body weight. However, excessive feeding restriction causes the sow to become hungry, and the sow exhibits abnormal behaviors during pregnancy, such as empty chewing, biting, frequent standing and lying down, which negatively affect the reproductive performance of the sow. Dietary fiber is low in cost and is an effective way to maintain proper satiety in sows. Therefore, the main development direction of feeding sows in the future by feeding the high fiber is as follows: the intake of the high-fiber daily ration in the gestation period can obviously improve the number born of live sows and the number of weaned piglets, obviously increase the feed intake in the lactation period and improve the production performance of the piglets.

The addition of fiber to daily ration for regulating and controlling the satiety of animals mainly comprises two aspects: on one hand, the dietary fiber influences gastric emptying through physical and mechanical effects by changing the physicochemical property of chyme, and influences digestion and absorption of nutrient substances due to chyme flow rate to finally influence satiety and hunger; on the other hand, Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) are produced by fermentation of the hindgut microbes and exert a series of physiological effects.

The most commonly used commercial fiber source in current sow feed is wheat bran, which has a soluble fiber content of 2% to 5% and an insoluble fiber content of 25% to 50%. Bran is a by-product of the flour industry and is also a standardized industrial product. Because water needs to be added in the production process, the risk of toxin exceeding standard can occur in the storage and transportation processes. The most easily overproof toxins in the bran include vomitoxin and zearalenone. The daily ration containing 1.3mg/kg of vomitoxin can obviously reduce the feed intake of the pigs, the daily ration containing 12mg/kg of vomitoxin can almost completely refuse the pigs to eat, and the daily ration containing 20mg/kg of vomitoxin can cause the pigs to vomit. Vomitoxin can cause the growth of the sows to be blocked, metabolic disturbance, immune disorder and reproductive dysfunction of pregnant sows. Zearalenone can induce sow reproductive dysfunction, and cause symptoms such as vulvovaginitis, estrus cycle disorder, infertility, pseudopregnancy, ovarian tissue injury, endometritis and abortion. Therefore, the standard low-toxin fiber source is required to be added into the daily ration of the sow at a high level, and the use ratio of the bran is reduced, so that the high-fiber feeding of the sow is realized, the health level of the sow is improved, and the production efficiency of the sow is inevitably improved.

At present, functional dietary fiber used by being matched with a premixed feed and a preparation method thereof are still needed, so that bran of a conventional feed is replaced, the health of animals and the safety of food are ensured, the production performance of sows is improved, and the production cost of the feed is greatly reduced.

The information in this background is only for the purpose of illustrating the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defect that the conventional sow feed prepared by adding premix and other raw materials has single available fiber raw material, particularly the feed mainly comprising bran has high toxin, thereby generating a plurality of adverse effects, the inventor carries out intensive research, defines the acceptance standard of bagasse and poplar, and carries out corresponding alkali liquor soaking and steam explosion treatment respectively according to the characteristics of respective fiber compositions of the bagasse and the poplar, thereby obtaining semi-finished products of the bagasse and poplar fibers. And then mixing and granulating the two semi-finished fibers, and finally crushing to obtain a finished product of flaky irregular dietary fiber particles. Specifically, the present invention includes the following.

In a first aspect of the invention, a functional dietary fiber for use with a pre-mixed feed is provided, the functional fiber comprising a compounded modified bagasse raw material and a modified wood raw material.

The functional dietary fiber used by the compound premix feed is preferably more than or equal to 60 percent of total fiber, more than or equal to 33 percent of crude fiber, more than or equal to 42 percent of neutral detergent fiber, more than or equal to 16 percent of acid detergent fiber, 5 to 15 percent of soluble fiber and 43 to 65 percent of insoluble fiber.

The functional dietary fiber used for the compound premix feed according to the present invention preferably has a water binding capacity of 1: 5-7 g/g.

The functional dietary fiber used with the premixed feed according to the present invention is preferably a wood material derived from wood of populus genus of populus family, including poplar.

The functional dietary fiber used in the compound premix feed according to the present invention is preferably obtained by soaking the modified bagasse raw material and the modified wood raw material in alkali solution and performing steam explosion treatment.

In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a functional dietary fiber for use with a premix feed according to the first aspect, comprising:

(1) collecting bagasse raw materials and wood raw materials which meet raw material standards;

(2) contacting the bagasse raw material with alkali liquor to obtain bagasse treated by the alkali liquor, and crushing the bagasse after steam flash explosion to obtain the modified bagasse raw material;

(3) crushing the wood raw material, performing steam explosion, and treating the treated powder with alkali liquor to obtain the modified wood raw material, wherein the steam explosion adopts saturated steam for heating and pressurizing;

(4) and mixing the modified powdery bagasse raw material and the modified powdery wood raw material in proportion, and extruding and granulating to obtain a finished product.

According to the preparation method of the present invention, preferably, in (1), the bagasse raw material: the water content is less than or equal to 25 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 3 percent, the total fiber is more than or equal to 75 percent, the crude fiber is more than or equal to 45 percent, the neutral detergent fiber is more than or equal to 65 percent, the acid detergent fiber is more than or equal to 40 percent, the soluble fiber is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the insoluble fiber is more than or equal to 73 percent; total number of moulds < 2 x 10⁴CFU/g, vomitoxin less than or equal to 500 mu g/kg, aflatoxin B1 less than or equal to 5ppb, gibberellin ketene less than or equal to 125ppb, no salmonella detection, lead less than or equal to 10mg/kg and arsenic less than or equal to 2 mg/kg;

according to the preparation method of the present invention, preferably, in the wood raw material: total fiber is more than or equal to 85 percent, crude fiber is more than or equal to 75 percent, NDF is more than or equal to 75 percent, ADF is more than or equal to 20 percent, soluble fiber is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the fiber is not more thanThe soluble fiber is more than or equal to 83 percent; total number of moulds < 2 x 10⁴CFU/g, vomitoxin less than or equal to 5 mu g/kg, aflatoxin B1 less than or equal to 0.5 mu g/kg, gibberellinone less than or equal to 5 mu g/kg, no salmonella is detected, lead less than or equal to 10mg/kg and arsenic less than or equal to 2 mg/kg.

According to the preparation method of the invention, preferably, the bagasse raw material and the alkali liquor are mixed by weight: the volume ratio is 1:1 to 8; the ratio of the treated wood powder to the alkali liquor is 1: 2-8.

According to the preparation method of the present invention, preferably, in (4), the mixing ratio of the modified bagasse raw material and the modified wood raw material is 1-6: 1.

In a third aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a functional dietary fibre for use in a compound premix feed according to the first aspect in a pig farm ingredient.

The functional dietary fiber can effectively replace bran to be used in pregnant feed and lactation feed, obviously reduces the content of vomitoxin in the feed, further reduces the adverse effect of the toxin on sows, and improves the production performance of the sows. In addition, the functional dietary fiber is pressed into flaky irregular particles, so that the functional dietary fiber can be conveniently used for pig farm ingredients.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that the upper and lower limits of the range, and each intervening value therebetween, is specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control. Unless otherwise indicated, "%" is percent by weight.

Herein, the term "premix feed" is sometimes also referred to as "premix", and thus, the present invention is also referred to as "functional dietary fiber for use in compound premix and a method for preparing the same".

Functional dietary fiber used in combination with premixed feed

The invention provides functional dietary fiber matched with premixed feed for use, which comprises a modified bagasse raw material and a modified wood raw material which are compounded, and preferably consists of the modified bagasse raw material and the modified wood raw material. Unlike the prior art, it is bran-free, thus enabling a significant reduction in vomitoxin content.

The wood material in the functional dietary fiber of the present invention is poplar, preferably varieties selected from populus tremuloides and populus tremuloides, the variety type is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to: zhonglin 46, Zhongxue No. 1 poplar, Zhonghong poplar (Chinese red leaf poplar), 107 poplar, 108 poplar, 2025 poplar, Danhong poplar, Euramerican 107 poplar, American poplar 69, 72, Nankang No. 1, Nankang No. 2, Zhonghua poplar 17, 22, 578 and 592. The wood raw material used in the invention has the advantages of fast growth, wide source, rich resources and higher fiber content, and is more ideal plant fiber raw material compared with other existing trees. However, the inventor of the present invention found through research that since lignin and hemicellulose in trees are tightly connected to form a stable fiber bundle, the fibers in the trees are difficult to decompose and utilize for sows, but the treatment method of steam explosion is adopted to degrade the hemicellulose into soluble oligosaccharides, so that amorphous cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are degraded, and the original fiber bundle tissue structure is damaged. Considering that the varieties of poplar trees are more and the difference of fiber content is large, the special fast growing poplar is needed and the fiber content of the special fast growing poplar can be used only when the special fast growing poplar reaches a certain standard.

The bagasse raw material in the functional dietary fiber is used as a byproduct of a sugar refinery, has centralized sources and large yield, has high total cellulose content, and is a better renewable resource. The bagasse with good quality has high cellulose and hemicellulose content, low protein, starch and soluble sugar content, and the cellulose is insoluble fiber. The bagasse from different sources has large quality difference, and can be used only when the bagasse reaches a certain standard and the sanitation index is qualified.

In the present invention, the term "modification" refers to alkali treatment and blasting treatment of the raw material. By alkali treatment of the raw material, glycosidic bonds in the fiber can be broken, new reducing ends are generated, the polymerization degree of fiber macromolecules is reduced, and the soluble dietary fiber (sometimes referred to as 'SDF') in the fast-growing poplar wood and bagasse is improved. The dietary fiber of the bagasse can be modified by adopting an instantaneous pressure blasting process, so that the physical properties of the bagasse, such as expansibility, water binding force, apparent viscosity and the like, are improved.

Through research, the inventor further finds that the bagasse is high in lignification degree, inconsistent in nutrients and low in digestibility of organic substances, and the bagasse subjected to alkali treatment and instantaneous pressure blasting is improved in soluble fiber content, but the water binding capacity of the bagasse is general, and the bagasse has better synergistic constipation resistance when being matched with poplar fibers with higher water retention. Considering that the poplar treated by steam explosion and alkali still has strong tree smell, the palatability to the sow is poor, the sow possibly has a condition of food refusal, the palatability of the daily ration can be improved by matching with bagasse, and the fiber species can realize complementation. In the present invention, the synergistic effect of the two includes but is not limited to: reduce the content of vomitoxin, increase the feed intake of animals and reduce the secretion of proinflammatory factors in the blood plasma of the animals.

In the present invention, crude fiber (also referred to herein as "CF") refers to the main constituent of plant cell walls, which includes cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, cutin, and other components.

In the present invention, neutral detergent fiber (also sometimes referred to herein as "NDF") refers to a vegetable feed after it has been decomposed with a neutral detergent (3% sodium lauryl sulfate), in which most of the cellular contents are dissolved in the detergent, including fats, sugars, starches and proteins, collectively referred to as NDS, while the insoluble residue is neutral detergent fiber, which is mainly a cell wall fraction such as hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, silicates and very little proteins.

In the present invention, acidic detergent fiber (herein sometimes also referred to as "ADF") refers to a plant feed after acidic detergent treatment, wherein the soluble part is referred to as acidic detergent dissolved substance (ADS), mainly neutral detergent dissolved substance (NDS) and hemicellulose, and the remaining residue is referred to as Acidic Detergent Fiber (ADF), which contains cellulose, lignin and silicate, and the hemicellulose content in the feed can be obtained from the difference between the Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and the Acidic Detergent Fiber (ADF).

In the present invention, the soluble fiber refers to a polysaccharide component which is soluble in water and most of fiber samples which can be fermented by microorganisms in the large intestine, after starch, fat and protein are removed, the soluble fiber is soluble in water but insoluble in 80% ethanol, and is often present in plant cell sap and intercellular substance, and mainly comprises pectin, vegetable gum, mucilage and the like, and mainly comprises arabinoxylan, guar gum, pectin substances and the like.

In the present invention, the insoluble fiber is a part of fiber that cannot be dissolved in water, mainly is a component of cell wall, and most of the fiber is a kind of fiber that cannot be glycolyzed by microorganisms in large intestine, and is often present in roots, stems, leaves, barks, and fruits of plants, and mainly contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc.

In the present invention, the determination method for the content of the above specific components is known in the art, and is not particularly limited herein, including but not limited to, for example, determination by the relevant methods involved in national standards such as GB/T18868-2002, GB/T6434-2006, GB13078-2017, GB/T8381.4-2005, etc.

Preparation method

The preparation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of processing two fiber raw materials of bagasse and poplar to obtain corresponding fiber semi-finished products, then uniformly mixing the two fiber semi-finished products according to a certain proportion, granulating and crushing to obtain irregular flaky particles. In the production process of preparing the feed by using the premix in a pig farm, the powdery raw materials have light specific gravity and large material volume, so that more dust is generated during the mixing of ingredients, and the non-uniform mixing is easily caused by the layering. Therefore, the powdered fiber with low specific gravity needs to be further compressed and granulated to ensure the convenience of pig farm ingredients and the uniformity of feed. The details will be described below.

Step (1)

In step (1) of the present invention, bagasse raw material and wood raw material are collected, wherein raw material that does not meet the criteria of the present invention needs to be removed or passed through further processing to meet acceptance criteria. Specifically, among the bagasse raw materials: the water content is less than or equal to 25 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 3 percent, the total fiber is more than or equal to 75 percent, the crude fiber is more than or equal to 45 percent, the neutral detergent fiber is more than or equal to 65 percent, the acid detergent fiber is more than or equal to 40 percent, the soluble fiber is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the insoluble fiber is more than or equal to 73 percent; total number of moulds < 2 x 10⁴CFU/g, vomitoxin less than or equal to 500 mu g/kg, aflatoxin B1 less than or equal to 5ppb, gibberellin ketene less than or equal to 125ppb, no salmonella detection, lead less than or equal to 10mg/kg and arsenic less than or equal to 2 mg/kg; the wood raw material comprises: the total fiber is more than or equal to 85 percent, the crude fiber is more than or equal to 75 percent, the NDF is more than or equal to 75 percent, the ADF is more than or equal to 20 percent, the soluble fiber is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the insoluble fiber is more than or equal to 83 percent; total number of moulds < 2 x 10⁴CFU/g, vomitoxin less than or equal to 5 mu g/kg, aflatoxin B1 less than or equal to 0.5 mu g/kg, gibberellinone less than or equal to 5 mu g/kg, no salmonella is detected, lead less than or equal to 10mg/kg and arsenic less than or equal to 2 mg/kg.

Step (2)

In the step (2), the bagasse raw material is contacted with alkali liquor to obtain alkali liquor-treated bagasse, and the bagasse is subjected to steam flash explosion and then crushed to obtain the modified bagasse raw material. The alkali solution is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution. Preferably, the mass fraction of the alkali liquor is 1% -4%, more preferably 1% -3%, and still more preferably 1.5% -2.5%. The bagasse raw material and the alkali liquor are as follows by weight: the volume ratio is 1: 1-8, preferably 1: 1-6, preferably 1:1 to 4, more preferably 1:2 to 3.

In the invention, the soaking time in the alkali liquor is 1-5 hours, preferably 1-3 hours, and further preferably 2-3 hours. Soaking in tap water for 1-2 hr. The alkali treatment temperature and the washing temperature are preferably 30 to 80 ℃, more preferably 30 to 60 ℃, still more preferably 30 to 50 ℃, and still more preferably 35 to 45 ℃.

In the present invention, the pressure for blasting bagasse is 0.5 to 4MPa, preferably 0.5 to 3MPa, more preferably 1 to 3MPa, and still more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 MPa. The blasting time is 1-8min, preferably 1-5min, and more preferably 1-3 min. The type of the apparatus or machine used for the steam explosion is not particularly limited, and steam explosion apparatuses known in the art may be used. Preferably, the device at least comprises a flash explosion chamber, a sealing valve, a steam valve and a pressure relief valve. Preferably, the heating temperature after the saturated steam is introduced is 230 ℃, more preferably 190-.

In the present invention, the blasted bagasse is further crushed by a ball mill crusher, which is not particularly limited and can be a ball mill crusher known in the art. Preferably, the crushing particle size of the bagasse after blasting is as follows: more than 90 percent of the powder is sieved by a 20-mesh sieve.

Step (3)

In step (3) of the present invention, the wood raw material of poplar is peeled first, and then pulverized to obtain sawdust-like raw material. Optionally, the fines are ground again.

In the present invention, the pressure for poplar blasting is 0.5 to 4MPa, preferably 0.5 to 3MPa, more preferably 2 to 2.8MPa, and still more preferably 2.2 to 2.6 MPa. The blasting time is 2-10min, preferably 2-8min, more preferably 3-7min, and further preferably 5-7 min. The heating temperature after the saturated steam is introduced is 180-230 ℃, preferably 180-220 ℃, more preferably 190-210 ℃, and further preferably 198-205 ℃. The heat preservation time is 1-3 h.

In the invention, the mass fraction of the alkali liquor used by the poplar is 1-4%, preferably 1-3%. Poplar powder and the alkali liquor are mixed according to the weight percentage: the volume ratio is 1: 1-8, preferably 1: 1-6, preferably 1: 2-4. Soaking poplar powder in the alkali liquor for 1-6h, preferably 1-5 h. Soaking in tap water for 1-2 hr. The alkali treatment temperature and the washing temperature are preferably 30 to 80 ℃, more preferably 30 to 60 ℃, and still more preferably 30 to 50 ℃.

In the present invention, the poplar after the above treatment is further pulverized by a ball mill pulverizer, which is not particularly limited and may be a ball mill pulverizer known in the art. Preferably, the crushing particle size of the bagasse after blasting is as follows: more than 90 percent of the powder is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve.

Step (4)

In the step (4) of the invention, the modified bagasse raw material and the modified wood raw material are mixed in proportion and granulated to obtain the composite material. Preferably, the modified bagasse raw material and the modified wood raw material are mixed in a weight ratio of 1-6:1, more preferably 1-4:1, and even more preferably 1-3: 1.

The step of mixing may be performed using a mixer, which is not particularly limited and a mixer known in the art may be used. In the invention, the flaky dietary fiber suitable for being used in compound premix feed is further obtained by granulation and rolling. The granulating apparatus and the rolling system are not particularly limited, and those known in the art can be used.

The functional dietary fiber obtained by the above process has soluble fiber content of 5-15%, preferably 7-15%, and more preferably 8-11%. Therefore, the method of the present invention is sometimes also referred to as "a method of increasing the soluble fiber content of a functional dietary fiber".

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that other steps or operations, such as further optimizing and/or improving the methods of the present invention, may be included before, after, or between the steps (1) - (4) as long as the objectives of the present invention are achieved. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that steps (1) - (4) need not be performed sequentially, for example step (2) and step (3) may be performed simultaneously, as long as the objects of the present invention can be achieved.

Example 1

The embodiment is a preparation method of functional fiber and application of the functional fiber to sows, and the specific method is as follows:

1. treatment of bagasse

(1) Alkali treatment: mixing bagasse with a sodium hydroxide solution (purity 99%) with a mass fraction of 2% by weight: mixing at a volume ratio of 1:2, soaking the solution at 30 deg.C for 2 hr, soaking in 30 deg.C tap water for 1 hr, and cleaning.

(2) Steam flash explosion: and (2) introducing bagasse into a flash explosion bin through a feeding barrel, increasing the pressure of the flash explosion bin to 2MPa through a pressurizing valve, then exploding for 1min, discharging the exploded bagasse through a discharge pipeline, crushing the bagasse by a scraper and a lifter to a ball mill crusher, and sieving the crushed bagasse with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a bagasse fiber semi-finished product, wherein the crushed bagasse has a particle size of more than 90%.

2. Treatment of poplar

(1) Primary powder of trees: peeling trees, cleaning with tap water, feeding poplar into a wood crusher through a feed inlet to perform primary crushing to obtain saw dust-like raw materials, then crushing the fine powder by the crusher, and feeding the crushed fine powder into a feeding barrel through a scraper blade and a lifter.

(2) Blasting: the crushed wood chips enter a flash explosion bin through a feeding barrel, saturated steam with the temperature of 190 ℃ is introduced for heating, then the flash explosion bin is pressurized by a pressurizing pump, the pressure is maintained for 6min after the pressure is increased to 2MPa, then a pressure relief valve on the flash explosion bin is opened, and the exploded poplar is discharged through a discharge pipeline.

(3) Alkali treatment: mixing the blasted poplar with a sodium hydroxide solution (the purity is 99%) with the mass fraction of 2% according to the weight percentage: soaking at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 2 hours in the volume ratio of 1:2, soaking for 1 hour in tap water at the temperature of 30 ℃, cleaning and drying.

(4) Crushing: pulverizing with ball mill, and sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain powder with particle size of 90% or more.

3. Granulating

Mixing the processed bagasse fiber and the fast-growing poplar fiber according to a weight ratio of 2: 1, the two fluffy fibres are mixed in a mixer for 120 seconds and then lifted to a granulation chamber for granulation. The mixed fiber material is pressed into flaky fiber by a rolling system, and the flaky object is crushed and screened to obtain the oversize product which is flaky irregular fiber particles. And (4) returning the sieved powder to a rolling system, continuously tabletting, crushing and sieving, and circulating the steps to obtain the flaky irregular granular dietary fiber.

The nutritional indicators of the functional fiber prepared in this example are: 71.7% of total fiber, 50% of crude fiber, 59.7% of NDF, 8.4% of soluble fiber and 63.3% of insoluble fiber. The water binding capacity of the fiber is 1: 5.

4. test animals and design

4.1 the test was performed in pig farm in Zhejiang on 3/5-4/3 of 2021. Selecting 100 pregnant sows with 3-6 pregnancies with good body conditions and similar gestation times, randomly dividing into 2 groups, wherein each group has 20 repetitions, and each repetition has 1 sow. The diet formulas fed by the test were divided into control and test groups as shown in table 1. The test was carried out from the first day to the thirtieth day after the sow was bred. The composition of the ration is shown in table 1.

Table 1 experimental diet composition

The stool properties were observed and recorded once a day in the morning throughout the test, and the stool properties were ranked in 6 grades in total, as shown in table 2. Constipation was judged at a score of 4 or less. Calculating the constipation rate of the sow, wherein the constipation rate is the total constipation times/(total test times total test days) times 100%.

TABLE 2 grade standard of sow's excrement shape

Degree of constipation	Stool appearance description	Scoring
			Very severe constipation	Without discharging excrement	0
Severe constipation	Secret knot (graininess)	1
			Moderate constipation	Stool consistency	2
Mild constipation	Slight firmness	3
			Defecation is normal	Soft, firm and organic excrement	4
Mild diarrhea	The appearance is of a certain type but not firm, and is between normal feces and wet feces	5
			Severe diarrhea	Loose dung, no fixed shape and liquid	6

4.2 test results and analysis

TABLE 3 Effect on sow constipation Rate and Constipation scores

Item	Control group	Test group
			Constipation Rate (%)	26.57±4.32^a	10±1.21^b
Constipation scoring	3.02±0.34^a	3.99±0.42^b

Note: the letters in the same row of data are used to indicate significant differences between data, and all the letters in the same row are used as the same.

As can be seen from table 1, the wheat bran of the test group is reduced by 4 percentage points compared with the control group, and the results are shown in table 3, compared with the control group, the constipation rate of the test group is significantly reduced by 62.36% (P <0.05) compared with the control group, and the constipation score of the test group is significantly improved compared with the control group. The functional fiber in the invention can obviously improve the constipation of sows even if the wheat bran added water level is reduced.

Example 2

1. treatment of bagasse

(1) Alkali treatment: mixing bagasse with a 3% sodium hydroxide solution (purity 99%) by weight: mixing at a volume ratio of 1:3, soaking the solution at 40 deg.C for 2 hr, soaking in tap water at 40 deg.C for 1 hr, and cleaning.

(2) Steam flash explosion: the bagasse enters a flash explosion bin through a feeding barrel, the flash explosion bin is subjected to pressure increase to 2MPa through a pressurizing valve and then is exploded for 1min, the exploded bagasse is discharged through a discharge pipeline and is crushed by a scraper and a lifter to a ball mill crusher, and the crushed grain size is more than 90 percent and the crushed grain size is sieved by a 20-mesh sieve.

2. Treatment of poplar

(1) Primary powder of trees: peeling trees, cleaning with tap water, feeding poplar into a wood crusher through a feed inlet for primary crushing into sawdust-like raw materials, then crushing into fine powder through the crusher, and feeding the fine powder into a feeding barrel through a scraper and a lifter after crushing.

(2) Blasting: the wood dust after smashing gets into through the feed bucket and dodges in exploding the storehouse, heats behind the saturated steam that lets in the temperature for 200 ℃, then utilizes the force (forcing) pump to carry out the pressurization to dodging and exploding the storehouse, maintains 6min after the pressurization reaches 2.4MPa, then opens and dodges the relief valve on exploding the storehouse, and the poplar after the blasting is discharged through ejection of compact pipeline.

(3) Alkali treatment: mixing the blasted fast-growing poplar with a sodium hydroxide solution (the purity is 99%) with the mass fraction of 3 percent according to the weight percentage: soaking at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 2 hours in the volume ratio of 1:3, soaking for 1 hour in tap water at the temperature of 40 ℃, cleaning and drying.

(4) And crushing: pulverizing with ball mill, and sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain powder with particle size of 90% or more.

3. Granulating

Mixing the processed bagasse fiber and the fast-growing poplar fiber according to a weight ratio of 3:1, the two fluffy fibres are mixed in a mixer for 120 seconds and then lifted to a granulation chamber for granulation. The mixed fiber material is pressed into flaky fiber by a rolling system, and the flaky object is crushed and screened to obtain the oversize product which is flaky irregular fiber particles. And (4) returning the sieved powder to a rolling system, continuously tabletting, crushing and sieving, and circulating the steps to obtain the flaky irregular granular dietary fiber.

The nutritional indicators of the functional fiber in this example are: 66.7% of total fiber, 43.5% of crude fiber, 50.7% of NDF, 11.2% of soluble fiber and 55.5% of insoluble fiber. The water binding capacity of the fiber is 1: 6.

4. test animals and design

4.1 the test was carried out on a pig farm in Henan on days 4-30 to 5-29 of 2021. 40 pregnant sows with 3-6 births with good body conditions and similar gestation times are selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, each group has 20 repetitions, and each repetition has 1 sow. The daily ration formula fed by the test is divided into a control group and a test group, and as shown in table 4, the content of the vomitoxin in the daily ration of the test group and the control group is detected on the first day of the test. The test development time is from the first day to the thirtieth day after the sow is bred; on the thirty-third day of the test, the sows took the feed 30 minutes and then were subjected to the anterior vena cava blood collection, serum was separated, and the biochemical index was measured. The analysis of the test data was carried out by means of the T test, and the composition of the ration is shown in Table 4.

Table 4 experimental diet composition

4.2 test results and analysis

4.2.1 vomitoxin

TABLE 5 content of emetic toxins in the feed

Item	Control group	Test group
			Vomitoxin (mug/kg)	1422.50±30.56	818.00±15.23

As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the control group, the content of vomitoxin in the feed of the test group is lower than that of the control group, and the toxin of the control group exceeds the standard, so that the toxin of the test group does not exceed the standard. It is demonstrated that the toxin content in the feed can be reduced by using the functional fiber of the invention.

4.2.2 sow blood index

TABLE 6 serum Biochemical index of sows

Item	Control group	Test group
			IGF-1(pg/mL)	81.03±2.62^a	92.18±2.51^b
GLP-1(pg/mL)	200.76±17.32^a	150.02±15.54^b
			IL-1β(ng/mL)	0.51±0.09^a	0.32±0.05^b
IL-6(pg/mL)	170.32±8.42^a	145.87±7.35^b

The content of the control group was about 70% higher than that of the test group in view of the content of vomitoxin in the feed, which may be caused by the high wheat bran addition of the control group. The results of the feeding test are shown in Table 6, the contents of IGF-1, GLP-1, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in the plasma of the test group are all obviously lower than those of the control group, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6 can reduce the feed intake of animals, and the contents are all caused by high vomitoxin content. Therefore, the raw materials with low toxin are used for preparing the feed, which is more beneficial to the health of the sows.

Example 3

1. treatment of bagasse

(1) Alkali treatment: mixing bagasse with a sodium hydroxide solution (purity 99%) with a mass fraction of 4% by weight: mixing at a volume ratio of 1:4, soaking the solution at 50 deg.C for 2 hr, soaking in tap water at 50 deg.C for 1 hr, and cleaning.

2. Treatment of poplar

(2) Blasting: the wood dust after smashing gets into through the feed bucket and dodges and explode the storehouse in, lets in the temperature and heats behind the saturated steam of 210 ℃, then utilizes the force (forcing) pump to explode the storehouse to the dodging and pressurize, maintains 6min after pressurizing to 2.8MPa, then opens the relief valve on the storehouse of dodging exploding, and the poplar after the blasting is discharged through the ejection of compact pipeline.

(3) Alkali treatment: mixing the blasted fast-growing poplar with a sodium hydroxide solution (the purity is 99%) with the mass fraction of 4% according to the weight percentage: soaking at the solution temperature of 50 ℃ for 2 hours in a volume ratio of 1:4, soaking in tap water at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 1 hour after soaking, cleaning, and drying.

3. Granulating

Mixing the processed bagasse fiber and the fast-growing poplar fiber according to a weight ratio of 1:1, mixing the two fluffy fibers in a mixer for 120 seconds to uniformly mix the materials, and then lifting the materials to a to-be-granulated bin for granulation. The mixed fiber material is pressed into flaky fiber by a rolling system, and the flaky object is crushed and screened to obtain the oversize product which is flaky irregular fiber particles. And (4) returning the sieved powder to a rolling system, continuously tabletting, crushing and sieving, and circulating the steps to obtain the flaky irregular granular dietary fiber.

The nutritional indicators of the functional fiber in this example are: 65.8% of total fiber, 45.3% of crude fiber, 51.5% of NDF, 11.4% of soluble fiber and 54.4% of insoluble fiber. The water binding capacity of the fiber is 1: 5.6.

4. test animals and design

4.1 the test was performed in pig farm in Zhejiang on 6 months 15 to 7 months 9 days 2021. Selecting 40 sows in 3-6 lactation period with good body condition and similar gestation times, randomly dividing into 2 groups, wherein each group has 20 repetitions, and each repetition has 1 sow. The daily ration formula fed by the test is divided into a control group and a test group, and as shown in table 7, the content of the vomitoxin in the daily ration of the test group and the control group is detected on the first day of the test. The test was carried out from the first day to the 25 th day after delivery. The analysis of the test data adopts T test, and the nutritional composition of the daily ration is shown in Table 7.

Table 7 experimental diet composition

The feed intake of the sows is recorded in the whole period of the test, and the daily average feed intake is equal to the total head average feed intake/test days. The litter weight of the newborn piglets in each group is weighed on the first day of the test, and the litter weight of the weaning piglets in the two groups is weighed on the 25 th day of the test.

4.2 test results and analysis

4.2.1 vomiting effect of feed

TABLE 8 content of emetic toxin in the feed

Item	Control group	Test group
			Vomitoxin (mug/kg)	448.50±20.56	231.00±5.47

4.2.2 lactating sows Performance

TABLE 9 Productivity of lactating sows

Item	Control group	Test group
			Daily average feed intake (kg)	5.71±0.87^a	6.52±0.87^b
Newborn weight (kg) of piglet	1.53±0.09	1.42±0.11
			Average weight (kg) for weaning piglet	6.61±0.92	7.14±0.68
Daily gain of piglet (g)	203.20±7.68^a	228.80±8.34^b

As can be seen from Table 8, the content of emetic toxin in the feed of the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group, indicating that the content of toxin in the feed can be reduced by using the functional fiber of the present invention. As can be seen from table 9, the daily average feed intake of the sows in the test group is significantly higher than that of the control group, which indicates that the toxin in the control group is higher, and the feed intake of the sows in the lactation period is reduced, thereby affecting the daily gain of the piglets, and significantly reducing the daily gain of the piglets in the control group than that in the test group.

Example 4

The embodiment relates to a preparation method of functional fiber and application of the functional fiber to sows, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

1. treatment of bagasse

(2) Steam flash explosion: the bagasse enters a flash explosion bin through a feeding barrel, the pressure of the flash explosion bin is increased to 2.4MPa through a pressurizing valve, then the flash explosion bin is exploded for 2min, the exploded bagasse is discharged through a discharge pipeline, and is crushed by a scraper blade and a lifter to a ball mill crusher, and the crushed grain size is more than 90 percent and the crushed grain size is sieved by a 20-mesh sieve.

2. Treatment of poplar

(2) Blasting: the crushed wood chips enter a flash explosion bin through a feeding barrel, saturated steam with the temperature of 230 ℃ is introduced for heating, then the flash explosion bin is pressurized by a pressurizing pump, the pressure is maintained for 8min after the pressure is increased to 3MPa, then a pressure relief valve on the flash explosion bin is opened, and the exploded poplar is discharged through a discharge pipeline.

(3) Alkali treatment: mixing the blasted fast-growing poplar with a sodium hydroxide solution (the purity is 99%) with the mass fraction of 4% according to the weight percentage: soaking at the solution temperature of 50 ℃ for 2 hours in a volume ratio of 1:4, soaking for 1 hour in tap water at the temperature of 50 ℃, and then cleaning and drying.

3. Granulating

Mixing the processed bagasse fiber and the fast-growing poplar fiber according to a weight ratio of 4:1, mixing the two fluffy fibers in a mixer for 120 seconds to uniformly mix the materials, and then lifting the materials to a to-be-granulated bin for granulation. The mixed fiber material is pressed into flaky fiber by a rolling system, and the flaky object is crushed and screened to obtain the oversize product which is flaky irregular fiber particles. And (4) returning the sieved powder to a rolling system, continuously tabletting, crushing and sieving, and circulating the steps to obtain the flaky irregular granular dietary fiber.

The nutritional indicators of the functional fiber of this example are: 59.2% of total fiber, 34% of crude fiber, 43.2% of NDF, 14.4% of soluble fiber and 44.8% of insoluble fiber. The water binding capacity of the fiber is 1: 7.

4. test animals and design

4.1 the test was carried out in the pig farm of Henan on days 7, 31 to 8, 24 of 2021. Selecting 60 sows with 3-6 births in lactation with good body conditions and similar gestation times, randomly dividing the sows into 3 groups, wherein each group has 20 repetitions, and each group repeats 1 sow. The daily feed formula for the test feeding comprises a control group 1, a control group 2 and a test group, wherein bagasse in the control group 1 is an externally purchased bagasse raw material and is crushed (sieved by a 20-mesh sieve) to form a powdery material, and poplar in the control group 2 is an externally purchased crushed (sieved by a 20-mesh sieve) to form a powdery material. As shown in table 10, the test was performed from the first day to the 25 th day after delivery. Statistical analysis of the test data was performed by variance analysis, and the nutritional composition of the ration is shown in table 10.

TABLE 10 test diet composition

4.2 test results and analysis

4.2.1 lactating sows Performance

TABLE 11 Productivity of lactating sows

Item	Control group 1 (bagasse)	Control group 2 (poplar)	Test group
				Daily average feed intake (kg)	4.88±0.76^a	4.68±0.76^ab	5.56±0.82^c
Newborn weight (kg) of piglet	1.43±0.13	1.38±0.20	1.41±0.19
				Average weight (kg) for weaning piglet	6.56±0.54^a	6.16±0.53^ab	6.91±0.71^c
Piglet daily gain (g)	205.2±10.68^b	191.2±15.38^c	220.8±9.59^a

As can be seen from Table 11, heat stress had a large influence on the feed intake of sows in summer. The daily average feed intake of the sows in the test group is obviously higher than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, which shows that the daily average feed intake of the sows in the test group is better than that of the control group 1 (bagasse group) or the control group 2 (poplar group), the daily average feed intake of the sows in the control group 1 is higher than that of the control group 2, the daily gain of piglets in the control group 1 is obviously higher than that of the control group 2, which shows that the palatability of the bagasse is better than that of the poplar, and the feed intake of the sows is high, so that the piglets in the lactation period can grow better. The piglet daily gain of the test group is obviously higher than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, which indicates that the higher feed intake is beneficial to the growth and development of the piglet, and the functional fiber is treated in a physical and chemical mode, so that the functional fiber is more easily absorbed and utilized by the sow, the milk quality is improved, and the daily gain of the piglet can be improved.

Example 5

single treatment of bagasse and poplar (treatment mode 1)

1. Treatment of bagasse

2. Treatment of poplar

(2) Blasting: the wood dust after smashing gets into through the feed bucket and dodges in exploding the storehouse, heats behind the saturated steam that lets in the temperature for 210 ℃, then utilizes the force (forcing) pump to carry out the pressurization to dodging and exploding the storehouse, maintains 6min after the pressurization reaches 2.8MPa, then opens and dodges the relief valve on exploding the storehouse, and the poplar after the blasting is discharged through ejection of compact pipeline.

3. Granulating

The nutritional indicators of the functional fiber in this example are: 65.5% of total fiber, 45.1% of crude fiber, 51.5% of NDF, 11.3% of soluble fiber and 54.2% of insoluble fiber. The water binding capacity of the fiber is 1: 5.6.

secondly, the mixed treatment of bagasse and poplar wood (treatment mode 2)

(1) Primary powder of trees: peeling trees, cleaning with tap water, feeding poplar into a wood crusher through a feed inlet to perform primary crushing to obtain saw dust-like raw materials, then performing fine powder through the crusher, crushing, feeding the crushed fine powder into a feeding barrel through a scraper and a lifter, and mixing the crushed fine powder with bagasse in a weight ratio of 1: 1.

(2) Blasting: bagasse and crushed wood chips enter a flash explosion bin through a feeding barrel, saturated steam with the temperature of 210 ℃ is introduced for heating, then the flash explosion bin is pressurized by a pressurizing pump, the pressure is maintained for 3min after the pressure is increased to 2.4MPa, then a pressure relief valve on the flash explosion bin is opened, and the exploded poplar is discharged through a discharge pipeline.

(3) Alkali treatment: mixing the blasted fast-growing poplar wood and bagasse with a sodium hydroxide solution (with the purity of 99%) with the mass fraction of 4% according to the weight percentage: soaking at the solution temperature of 50 ℃ for 2 hours in a volume ratio of 1:4, soaking in tap water at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 1 hour after soaking, cleaning, and drying.

3. Granulating

Mixing the processed bagasse fiber and the fast-growing poplar in a mixer for 120 seconds to uniformly mix the materials, and then lifting the materials to a bin to be granulated for granulation. The mixed fiber material is pressed into flaky fiber by a rolling system, and the flaky object is crushed and screened to obtain the oversize product which is flaky irregular fiber particles. And (4) returning the sieved powder to a rolling system, continuously tabletting, crushing and sieving, and circulating the steps to obtain the flaky irregular granular dietary fiber.

The nutritional indicators of the fiber in the treatment mode 2 in this example were: 64.2 percent of total fiber, 47.5 percent of crude fiber, 51.2 percent of NDF, 7.5 percent of soluble fiber and 56.7 percent of insoluble fiber. The water binding capacity of the fiber is 1: 4.7.

as can be seen from the above specific steps, the treatment method 1 and the treatment method 2 are different: that is, the treatment mode 1 is a method mainly used in the present invention, and the treatment mode 2 is a fiber production method for searching for a simplified production process. The following tests were performed in order to verify the different effects of the two treatments on the sows.

4. Test animals and design

4.1 the test was carried out on a pig farm in Henan on a day from 9 months 20 to 10 months 19 of 2021. Selecting 100 pregnant sows with 3-6 pregnancies with good body conditions and similar gestation times, randomly dividing into 2 groups, wherein each group has 20 repetitions, and each repetition has 1 sow. The daily ration formulas for the experimental feeding were divided into treatment mode 1 and treatment mode 2, and the formulas are shown in table 12. The fiber product used in the treatment mode 1 daily ration is the separate treatment of bagasse and poplar in this example (treatment mode 1), and the fiber product used in the treatment mode 2 daily ration is the mixed treatment of bagasse and poplar in this example (treatment mode 2). The contents of total fiber, crude fiber, soluble fiber and insoluble fiber of the fiber raw materials used in the treatment mode 1 and the treatment mode 2 daily rations were measured at the start of the test. The test was carried out from the first day to the thirtieth day after the sow was bred. The statistical analysis of the test data was performed by using the T test, and the test results are shown in Table 13.

Table 12 experimental diet composition

The stool properties are observed once every morning and recorded in the whole test period, the stool properties are divided into 6 grades, and the specific grading standard is shown in a table 2, 4 and below to judge that the constipation occurs. Calculating the constipation rate of the sow, wherein the constipation rate is the total constipation times/(total test times total test days) times 100%.

4.2 test results and analysis

TABLE 13 Effect of two different treatment regimens of fiber on sow constipation Rate and Constipation score

Item	Treatment method 1	Treatment method 2
			Constipation Rate (%)	8.33±0.98^b	19.25±2.35^a
Constipation scoring	3.88±0.34^b	3.15±0.29^a

As can be seen from table 13, the constipation rate of the pregnant sows in the treatment mode 1 is significantly lower than that of the pregnant sows in the treatment mode 2, which indicates that the fiber ratio of the treatment mode 1 is more reasonable, the optimal treatment mode is different due to different fiber structures of poplar and bagasse, the poplar and bagasse are mixed and then blasted first and then washed with alkali in the treatment mode 2, the pressure for the optimal blasting of poplar cannot be reached in the blasting treatment mode 1, and part of soluble fibers can be lost in the treatment mode 2 due to the fact that the bagasse is blasted first and then washed with alkali. Therefore, the dietary fiber in the processing mode 1 is different processing modes respectively corresponding to the structural characteristics of bagasse and poplar, and has higher total fiber and soluble dietary fiber, and meanwhile, the constipation score of the processing mode 1 is obviously improved compared with that of the processing mode 2 and is closer to the score of 4, which shows that the functional fiber adopting the processing mode 1 (namely the main adoption method of the invention) is more beneficial to the intestinal health of sows, and the occurrence of constipation of sows is reduced.

In conclusion, the functional dietary fiber has the characteristic of low toxin, and the functional fiber is added into the feed in the gestation period, so that the content of toxin in the feed can be obviously reduced, the constipation of sows is improved, and the satiety of the sows is improved; the additive is added into the feed in the lactation period, so that the feed intake of sows can be effectively improved, and the production performance of piglets can be improved. The dietary fiber product is used as a functional raw material and is matched with premix for use in sow feed in a pig farm, and has wide market application prospect.

While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Many modifications and variations may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. The scope of the claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all modifications and equivalent structures and functions.

Claims

1. The functional dietary fiber matched with the premixed feed is characterized by comprising a modified bagasse raw material and a modified wood raw material which are compounded.

2. The functional dietary fiber for use with premix feed of claim 1, wherein the soluble fiber is 5% -15% and the insoluble fiber is 43% -65%.

3. Functional dietary fiber for use with a premix feed according to claim 2, wherein the functional dietary fiber has a water binding capacity of 1: 5-7.

4. The functional dietary fiber for use with a premix feed of claim 3, wherein the wood material is derived from wood of the genus Populus of the family Salicaceae.

5. The functional dietary fiber for use with the premixed feed according to claim 3, wherein the modified bagasse raw material and the modified wood raw material are obtained by alkali liquor soaking and steam explosion treatment.

6. A method for preparing functional dietary fiber for use in a premix feed according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising:

7. The process according to claim 6, characterized in that, in (1), in the bagasse raw material: the water content is less than or equal to 25 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 3 percent, the total fiber is more than or equal to 75 percent, the crude fiber is more than or equal to 45 percent, the neutral detergent fiber is more than or equal to 65 percent, the acid detergent fiber is more than or equal to 40 percent, the soluble fiber is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the insoluble fiber is more than or equal to 73 percent; total number of moulds < 2 x 10⁴CFU/g, vomitoxin less than or equal to 500 mu g/kg, aflatoxin B1 less than or equal to 5ppb, gibberellin ketene less than or equal to 125ppb, no salmonella detection, lead less than or equal to 10mg/kg and arsenic less than or equal to 2 mg/kg;

the wood raw material comprises: more than or equal to 85 percent of total fiber,The crude fiber is more than or equal to 75 percent, the NDF is more than or equal to 75 percent, the ADF is more than or equal to 20 percent, the soluble fiber is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the insoluble fiber is more than or equal to 83 percent; total number of moulds < 2 x 10⁴CFU/g, vomitoxin less than or equal to 5 mu g/kg, aflatoxin B1 less than or equal to 0.5 mu g/kg, gibberellinone less than or equal to 5 mu g/kg, no salmonella is detected, lead less than or equal to 10mg/kg and arsenic less than or equal to 2 mg/kg.

8. A process according to claim 6, wherein the bagasse raw material and the alkali liquor are mixed by weight: the volume ratio is 1: 1-8; the ratio of the treated wood powder to the alkali liquor is 1: 2-8.

9. A process according to claim 6, wherein in (4), the modified bagasse raw material and the modified wood raw material are mixed in a weight ratio of 1-6: 1.

10. Use of a functional dietary fibre for use in a compound premix feed according to any of claims 1 to 5 in a pig farm ingredient.