CN104905278A - A method for extracting dietary fibers from sweet potato residues - Google Patents
A method for extracting dietary fibers from sweet potato residues Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for extracting dietary fibers from sweet potato residues, and belongs to the field of dietary fiber processing. The method comprises the following steps: alkaline cooking, steam explosion, inoculation pulp preparation, ferment preparation, raw material substrate fermentation, insoluble dietary fiber extraction and soluble dietary fiber extraction. The sweet potato residues are used as raw materials to extract the dietary fibers, turning waste into treasure; using both alkaline cooking and steam explosion pretreatments and low-intensity intermittent ultrasonic assisted microbial fermentation and culture can shorten the production cycle; and the extraction rate and purity of the obtained dietary fibers are > 95.6% and 92%, respectively, making the ratio of the soluble dietary fibers of the dietary fibers extracted from the sweet potato residues up to > 19.8%, so that the dietary fibers extracted from the sweet potato residues have a higher water holding capacity and expansibility and a higher physiological activity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dietary fiber manufacture field, relate to a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber.
Background technology
Sweet potato is a kind of stable high yield, nutritious, broad-spectrum important crops, be mainly used for extracting starch, making bean vermicelli, vermicelli and exploitation sweet potato beverage etc., sweet potato dregs is the accessory substance in sweet potato starch production process, account for the 10-14% of raw material, sweet potato dregs contains a large amount of nutriments, wherein content of starch 40-50%, dietary fiber content 20-30%.It falls with discharge of wastewater or is used for feed by a lot of enterprise at present, according to statistics, about has 5,000 ten thousand tons of sweet potato dregs to be abandoned by as refuse every year.Fresh potato slag water content is up to 80%, and certainly carry disease germs nearly more than 30 kinds, not easily store, transport, putrid and deteriorated rear generation stench, causes serious environmental pollution, if dry, high cost, increases business burden.The process problem of potato slag has become the bottleneck of restriction farina industrial development, and its trans-utilization and problem of appreciating and enlarging, become one of Starch Production enterprise significant problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Dietary fiber is that health diet is indispensable, and it plays important role in maintenance digestive system health, and meanwhile, absorbing enough fibers also can angiocardiopathy preventing, cancer, diabetes and Other diseases.Dietary fiber is divided into soluble dietary fiber and the large class of insoluble diedairy fiber two by dissolubility, soluble dietary fiber refers to can not by human body alimentary canal enzyme hydrolysis, but dissolve in warm water or hot water, and the part dietary fiber that can be precipitated out again by certain density ethanol, mainly some glue classes, as pectin, natural gum, Arabic gum etc.; Insoluble diedairy fiber refers to not by human body alimentary canal enzyme hydrolysis, is insoluble to again the part dietary fiber of hot water, as cellulose, hemicellulose, shitosan, vegetable wax etc.Both have physiological function and difference in human body, and soluble dietary fiber has harmful metal ion, anti-diabetes in anti-gall stone, eliminating body, reduces the effect such as blood fat and cholesterol, anti-hypertension and heart disease; The effects such as insoluble diedairy fiber then has anti-obesity, treats constipation, anti-intestinal cancer.Therefore, physiological function of diet fiber conspicuousness is relevant with the ratio of wherein insoluble diedairy fiber and soluble dietary fiber, the fibrous soluble dietary fiber of American scholar suggestion balanced diet should account for total dietary fiber more than 10%, and in general dietary fiber, soluble dietary fibre content only has 3-4%.
The a large amount of dietary fibers contained in sweet potato dregs are extracted, both can obtain the dietary fiber of high physiologically active, improve the added value of sweet potato processing, increase farmers' income, also can reduce environmental pollution simultaneously.The exploitation of sweet potato waste residue, for the deep processing of sweet potato and comprehensive utilization provide a new way.But at present, domestic and international extraction dietary fiber is based on chemical method, this technique is simple, input cost is low, but in process, the physicochemical property of diet fiber product and physiological function are had a significant effect, as hot alkali dipping and the productive rate repeatedly both having reduced dietary fiber with water rinse, the retention ability of product and expansive force is made again obviously to decline; Simultaneously potato slag utilization rate is low, inevitably discharges large amount of sewage, causes serious pollution and disposal cost is high to environment; Also have and adopt enzymatic isolation method can obtain the higher dietary fiber of purity, but the ratio of its soluble dietary fiber does not improve, the physiologically active of the dietary fiber of extraction is poor, and membrane separation process but cost is higher and wayward in large-scale production.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, the utilization rate of this extracting method to potato slag is higher, dietary fiber productive rate and purity high, in product, soluble dietary fiber ratio significantly improves.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) alkaline boiling: the fresh sweet potato dregs of free from admixture, mud and carbonate are uniformly mixed, and add a small amount of water, carry out autoclaving 0.5-1h;
(2) steam blasting: the mixed material after step (1) autoclaving is added organic acid soln, sealing is uniformly mixed, then steam blasting is carried out, blasting condition: control reaction temperature is 120-130 DEG C, explosion after pressurize 10-20min under 0.3-0.5MPa;
(3) preparation inoculation slurry: the mixed material after step (2) steam blasting is added appropriate amounts of sterilized water, other reagent, stirs, obtains sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry;
(4) leavening is prepared: take and make the required various reagent of fermentation medium, with pure water dissolving, packing, sterilizing at high steam 120-130 DEG C, sterilization time 20-30min, make fermented bacterium culture medium, inoculate medicinal fungi, 28-30 DEG C within constant-temperature shaking culture 4-5 days, to make medicinal fungi seed liquor leavening for subsequent use;
(5) stock substrate fermentation: inoculate medicinal fungi seed liquor leavening in sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry, inoculum concentration is the 3-5% of sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry weight, then postvaccinal sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry is placed on 28-35 DEG C and carries out low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermented and cultured 24-36h, obtain sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry;
(6) extract insoluble diedairy fiber: filtering and washing twice after the sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry sterilizing after step (5) being fermented, filtrate is for subsequent use, filter residue low-temperature vacuum drying, obtains sweet potato insoluble diedairy fiber;
(7) soluble dietary fiber is extracted: step (6) gained filtrate is slowly added under agitation food grade quality mark is 80%, volume is in filtrate volume 2-4 alcohol doubly, filtrate adds complete standing 0.5-1h, then suction filtration, reclaim ethanol, low-temperature vacuum drying filter residue, gained solid is soluble dietary fiber.
Further, a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, carbonate described in step (1) is one or more in calcium bicarbonate, sodium acid carbonate, saleratus, carbonic hydroammonium, and the addition of described carbonate is the 2-4% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality.
Further, a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, the addition of the water described in step (1) is 0.1 times of fresh sweet potato dregs quality, and autoclaving pressure is 0.2-0.5MPa.
Further, the organic acid described in step (2) is one or more in citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and the mass fraction of described organic acid soln is 4-8%, and organic acid addition is the 4-6% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality.
Further, a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, the sterilized water addition described in step (3) is 10% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality, and other reagent are KH
2pO
4, MgSO
4, (NH
4)
2sO
4, NaCl, addition is respectively 0.8-1.2%, 0.2-0.4%, 0.8-1.1%, 1.0-1.4% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality.
Further, a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, other reagent described in step (3) are KH
2pO
4, MgSO
4, (NH
4)
2sO
4, NaCl, addition is respectively 1.0%, 0.3%, 1.0%, 1.2% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality.
Further, a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, the formula of the fermentation medium described in step (4) and quality proportioning thereof are KH
2pO
40.2%, FeSO
40.02%, NaSO
40.2%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.07%, KCl0.6%, glucose 5%, surplus is sterilized water.
Further, a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, the medicinal fungi described in step (4) is one or more in Ganoderma Lucidum, China fir bacterium, gill fungus bacterium, Pueraria lobota bacterium.
Further, a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, fermented and cultured mode described in step (5) is: after rotary shaker fermentation 6-10h, add low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant every 20-40min to ferment, supersonic frequency is 20-30KHz, ultrasonic power is 0-50w, each ultrasonic time 5-20s.
Further, a kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, the sterilizing methods described in step (6) is that sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry keeps 10-20min in 100 DEG C of water-baths.
Extracting method of the present invention adopts alkaline boiling and steam blasting when sweet potato dregs pretreatment, the in season sweet potato dregs of boiling is without the need to dry process in advance, direct boiling not only can kill more than 30 kinds certainly carrying disease germs, and carbonate heating decomposable asymmetric choice net used produces hydroxide, the protein in sweet potato dregs and fat can be removed, in the basic conditions, hydroxide and lignin reaction, effectively can reduce content of lignin, and the ester bond removed between lignin with carbohydrate is connected, effectively break lignin to cellulose, the package action of hemicellulose, can gelatinization be there is in the starch that part is free simultaneously, contribute to decomposition and the removal of starch in subsequent process, add appropriate organic acid during steam blasting and can generate CO with carbonate reaction
2, high steam and CO
2acting in conjunction, demolition effect is better, on macromolecular level, material can be decomposed fully, destroy fibrous inner structure, the tissues such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and sugar chain segmentation are separated, degrade, be converted into soluble dietary fiber, being wrapped in interior starch by it occurs free, more be conducive to fermentation step below to remove the decomposition of starch, use organic acid simultaneously, organic acid common fusing point boiling point is lower, easily decompose when being heated to high temperature, and on the retention ability of dietary fiber and expansive force impact less.
The fermented and cultured mode that extracting method of the present invention adopts is that low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermentable is cultivated, microorganism during the fermentation by the enzyme that self produces starch remaining in sweet potato dregs, albumen and cellulose, hemicellulose can be converted into based on microbial polysaccharide, thalline cellulose have more activated dietary fiber; Ultrasonic wave can cause microtrauma instantaneously at cell surface, make cell membrane partial fracture, thus change membrane passage, make intracellular organic matter release or the outer material of born of the same parents enter in cell, during low-power, wound is very little, is easily repaired by self, can not cause damage or dead to organism, low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermentable, not only accelerate the growth of cell, also can promote the productive rate of useful secondary metabolite simultaneously, fermentation time is significantly shortened.
Filtrate adds in alcohol when extracting soluble dietary fiber by extracting method of the present invention under agitation, instead of adopt traditional way to add in filtrate by alcohol, do like this and soluble dietary fiber can be made slowly to flocculate in alcohol, filtrate can better be spread so that impurity is better dissolved in alcohol, prevent from alcohol from directly adding in filtrate causing sweet potato soluble dietary fiber to flocculate in a large number so that impurity is included in wherein, the purity finally obtaining soluble dietary fiber is relatively high.Alcohol belongs to food grade materials, if suction filtration gained solid does not require that extra high purity can convection drying after soluble dietary fiber flocculation, even if dried material alcohol has and remainingly on a small quantity also can not to damage human body.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) adopt alkaline boiling and steam blasting during sweet potato dregs pretreatment, without the need to dry process in advance, during boiling, sterilization Sum decomposition lignin synchronously carries out; High steam and CO during steam blasting
2acting in conjunction, demolition effect is better, destroys fibrous inner structure, the tissue segmentation such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose is separated, is converted into soluble dietary fiber, can provides the recovery rate of soluble dietary fiber;
(2) low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermentable is adopted to cultivate, not only accelerate the growth of cell, also can promote the productive rate of useful secondary metabolite simultaneously, fermentation time is significantly shortened, shorten the production cycle, fermentable can improve the ratio of soluble dietary fiber simultaneously;
(3) when extracting soluble dietary fiber, filtrate is added in alcohol under agitation, prevent from alcohol from directly adding in filtrate causing sweet potato soluble dietary fiber to flocculate in a large number so that impurity is included in wherein, the purity finally obtaining soluble dietary fiber is relatively high;
(4) the dietary fiber extraction rate reached adopting extracting method of the present invention to obtain is to more than 95.6%, purity can reach 92%, the content of soluble dietary fiber in sweet potato dregs can be improved to greatest extent, the ratio of soluble dietary fiber in sweet potato dregs dietary fiber is made to rise to more than 19.8% by 4%, there are higher retention ability and dilatancy compared with the dietary fiber obtained with chemical leaching test, there is higher physiologically active;
(5) the dietary fiber ash content adopting extracting method of the present invention to obtain is much better than and is better than GB, turn waste into wealth simultaneously, both the environmental pollution that potato slag at will discharges had been solved, create economic benefit again, soluble dietary fiber and insoluble diedairy fiber can extract respectively, and if desired total dietary fiber so long mix both and get final product.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiments of the invention, technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described.
Every detection of dietary fiber prepared by the present invention measures by the following method:
The mensuration of dietary fiber is carried out according to GB/T 5009.88-2008.
In dietary fiber, the mensuration of ash content is carried out according to GB/T 5009.4-2010.
In dietary fiber, protein measuring carries out according to GB/T 5009.5-2010.
Dietary fiber retention ability measures: retention ability refers to not to be had under External Force Acting, the quality of fiber Bound moisture.During mensuration, accurately take 1.0g dietary fiber, add distilled water 25ml, put 1h in ambient temperatare, forward in surface plate weigh with filter paper after draining, retention ability is the difference of sample weight in wet base and sample dry weight and the ratio of sample dry weight.
Dietary fiber dilatancy measures:
Dilatancy refers to the ratio of volume number and its initial volume number reached after sample is immersed in water.Accurately take 1g dietary fiber, be placed in the test tube of tool scale, add 50ml distilled water, put 24h in ambient temperatare, read the volume after its imbibition, dilatancy is the volume after expansion and the difference of dry product volume and the ratio of sample dry weight.
Embodiment 1
A kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) alkaline boiling: be that the calcium bicarbonate of 2% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality is uniformly mixed by the fresh sweet potato dregs of free from admixture, mud and addition, and add the pure water of fresh sweet potato dregs quality 0.1 times, carry out autoclaving 0.5h, autoclaving pressure is 0.2MPa;
(2) steam blasting: the mixed material after step (1) autoclaving is added acetic acid solution, the mass fraction of described acetic acid solution is 4%, the addition of acetic acid is 4% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality, sealing is uniformly mixed, then steam blasting is carried out, blasting condition: controlling reaction temperature is 120 DEG C, explosion after pressurize 20min under 0.3MPa;
(3) preparation inoculation slurry: the mixed material after step (2) steam blasting is added and accounts for the sterilized water of mixed material quality 10%, the KH of 0.8%
2pO
4, 0.2% MgSO
4, 0.8% (NH
4)
2sO
4, 1.0% NaCl, stir, obtain sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry;
(4) leavening is prepared: take and make the following KH of the required mass fraction of fermentation medium
2pO
40.2%, FeSO
40.02%, NaSO
40.2%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.07%, KCl0.6%, glucose 5%, surplus is sterilized water, dissolving, packing, sterilizing at high steam 120 DEG C, sterilization time 30min, makes fermented bacterium culture medium, inoculate Ganoderma Lucidum, it is for subsequent use that 30 DEG C of constant-temperature shaking culture make Ganoderma Lucidum seed liquor leavening for 4 days;
(5) stock substrate fermentation: inoculate Ganoderma Lucidum seed liquor leavening in sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry, inoculum concentration is 3% of sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry weight, then postvaccinal sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry is placed on 28 DEG C and carries out low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermented and cultured 24h, obtain sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry, described fermented and cultured mode is: after rotary shaker fermentation 6h, add low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant every 20min to ferment, supersonic frequency is 20KHz, ultrasonic power is 10w, each ultrasonic time 20s;
(6) insoluble diedairy fiber is extracted: the sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry after step (5) being fermented to keep after 10min sterilizing filtering and washing twice in 100 DEG C of water-baths, filtrate is for subsequent use, filter residue low-temperature vacuum drying, obtains sweet potato insoluble dietary fiber;
(7) soluble dietary fiber is extracted: step (6) gained filtrate is slowly added under agitation food grade quality mark is 80%, volume is in the alcohol of filtrate volume 2 times, filtrate adds complete standing 0.5h, then suction filtration, reclaim ethanol, low-temperature vacuum drying filter residue, gained solid is soluble dietary fiber.
The physical and chemical index of the diet fiber product adopting the present embodiment to extract is in table 1.
Embodiment 2
A kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) alkaline boiling: be that the carbonic hydroammonium of 3% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality is uniformly mixed by the fresh sweet potato dregs of free from admixture, mud and addition, and add the pure water of fresh sweet potato dregs quality 0.1 times, carry out autoclaving 1h, autoclaving pressure is 0.4MPa;
(2) steam blasting: by the mixed material adding citric acid solution after step (1) autoclaving, the mass fraction of described citric acid solution is 6%, the addition of citric acid is 5% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality, sealing is uniformly mixed, then steam blasting is carried out, blasting condition: controlling reaction temperature is 130 DEG C, explosion after pressurize 15min under 0.5MPa;
(3) preparation inoculation slurry: the mixed material after step (2) steam blasting is added and accounts for the sterilized water of mixed material quality 10%, the KH of 1.0%
2pO
4, 0.3% MgSO
4, 1.0% (NH
4)
2sO
4, 1.2% NaCl, stir, obtain sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry;
(4) leavening is prepared: take and make the following KH of the required mass fraction of fermentation medium
2pO
40.2%, FeSO
40.02%, NaSO
40.2%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.07%, KCl0.6%, glucose 5%, surplus is sterilized water, dissolving, packing, sterilizing at high steam 130 DEG C, sterilization time 20min, makes fermented bacterium culture medium, inoculate gill fungus bacterium, it is for subsequent use that 28 DEG C of constant-temperature shaking culture make gill fungus bacterium seed liquor leavening for 5 days;
(5) stock substrate fermentation: inoculate gill fungus bacterium seed liquor leavening in sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry, inoculum concentration is 4% of sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry weight, then postvaccinal sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry is placed on 35 DEG C and carries out low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermented and cultured 30h, obtain sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry, described fermented and cultured mode is: after rotary shaker fermentation 8h, add low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant every 30min to ferment, supersonic frequency is 25KHz, ultrasonic power is 25w, each ultrasonic time 10s;
(6) insoluble diedairy fiber is extracted: the sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry after step (5) being fermented to keep after 15min sterilizing filtering and washing twice in 100 DEG C of water-baths, filtrate is for subsequent use, filter residue low-temperature vacuum drying, obtains sweet potato insoluble dietary fiber;
(7) soluble dietary fiber is extracted: step (6) gained filtrate is slowly added under agitation food grade quality mark is 80%, volume is in the alcohol of filtrate volume 4 times, filtrate adds complete standing 1h, then suction filtration, reclaim ethanol, low-temperature vacuum drying filter residue, gained solid is soluble dietary fiber.
The physical and chemical index of the diet fiber product adopting the present embodiment to extract is in table 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) alkaline boiling: be that the saleratus of 4% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality is uniformly mixed by the fresh sweet potato dregs of free from admixture, mud and addition, and add the pure water of fresh sweet potato dregs quality 0.1 times, carry out autoclaving 1h, autoclaving pressure is 0.5MPa;
(2) steam blasting: the mixed material after step (1) autoclaving is added formic acid solution, the mass fraction of described formic acid solution is 8%, the addition of formic acid is 6% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality, sealing is uniformly mixed, then steam blasting is carried out, blasting condition: controlling reaction temperature is 125 DEG C, explosion after pressurize 15min under 0.4MPa;
(3) preparation inoculation slurry: the mixed material after step (2) steam blasting is added and accounts for the sterilized water of mixed material quality 10%, the KH of 1.2%
2pO
4, 0.4% MgSO
4, 1.1% (NH
4)
2sO
4, 1.4% NaCl, stir, obtain sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry;
(4) leavening is prepared: take and make the required KH of fermentation medium
2pO
40.2%, FeSO
40.02%, NaSO
40.2%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.07%, KCl0.6%, glucose 5%, surplus is sterilized water, dissolving, packing, sterilizing at high steam 125 DEG C, sterilization time 25min, makes fermented bacterium culture medium, inoculate Pueraria lobota bacterium, it is for subsequent use that 28 DEG C of constant-temperature shaking culture make Pueraria lobota bacterium seed liquor leavening for 5 days;
(5) stock substrate fermentation: inoculate Pueraria lobota bacterium seed liquor leavening in sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry, inoculum concentration is 5% of sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry weight, then postvaccinal sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry is placed on 30 DEG C and carries out low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermented and cultured 36h, obtain sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry, described fermented and cultured mode is: after rotary shaker fermentation 10h, add low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant every 40min to ferment, supersonic frequency is 30KHz, ultrasonic power is 50w, each ultrasonic time 5s;
(6) insoluble diedairy fiber is extracted: the sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry after step (5) being fermented to keep after 20min sterilizing filtering and washing twice in 100 DEG C of water-baths, filtrate is for subsequent use, filter residue low-temperature vacuum drying, obtains sweet potato insoluble dietary fiber;
(7) soluble dietary fiber is extracted: step (6) gained filtrate is slowly added under agitation food grade quality mark is 80%, volume is in the alcohol of filtrate volume 3 times, filtrate adds complete standing 0.5h, then suction filtration, reclaim ethanol, low-temperature vacuum drying filter residue, gained solid is soluble dietary fiber.
The physical and chemical index of the diet fiber product adopting the present embodiment to extract is in table 1.
Comparative example 1
A kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) steam blasting: the fresh sweet potato dregs of free from admixture, mud is carried out steam blasting, blasting condition: controlling reaction temperature is 120 DEG C, explosion after pressurize 20min under 0.5MPa;
(3) preparation inoculation slurry: the mixed material after step (2) steam blasting is added and accounts for the sterilized water of mixed material quality 10%, the KH of 1.0%
2pO
4, 0.3% MgSO
4, 1.0% (NH4)
2sO
4, 1.2% NaCl, stir, obtain sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry;
(4) leavening is prepared: take and make the following KH of the required mass fraction of fermentation medium
2pO
40.2%, FeSO
40.02%, NaSO
40.2%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.07%, KCl0.6%, glucose 5%, surplus is sterilized water, dissolving, packing, sterilizing at high steam 120-130 DEG C, sterilization time 20-30min, makes fermented bacterium culture medium, inoculate Ganoderma Lucidum, 28-30 DEG C within constant-temperature shaking culture 4-5 days, to make Ganoderma Lucidum seed liquor leavening for subsequent use;
(5) stock substrate fermentation: inoculate Ganoderma Lucidum seed liquor leavening in sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry, inoculum concentration is 4% of sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry weight, then postvaccinal sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry is placed on 28-35 DEG C and carries out low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermented and cultured 30h, obtain sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry, described fermented and cultured mode is: after rotary shaker fermentation 8h, add low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant every 30min to ferment, supersonic frequency is 25KHz, ultrasonic power is 25w, each ultrasonic time 10s;
(6) insoluble diedairy fiber is extracted: the sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry after step (5) being fermented to keep after 10min sterilizing filtering and washing twice in 100 DEG C of water-baths, filtrate is for subsequent use, filter residue low-temperature vacuum drying, obtains sweet potato insoluble dietary fiber;
(7) soluble dietary fiber is extracted: step (6) gained filtrate is slowly added under agitation food grade quality mark is 80%, volume is in the alcohol of filtrate volume 4 times, filtrate adds complete standing 0.5h, then suction filtration, reclaim ethanol, low-temperature vacuum drying filter residue, gained solid is soluble dietary fiber.
The physical and chemical index of the diet fiber product adopting this comparative example to extract is in table 1.
Comparative example 2
A kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) alkaline boiling: be that the carbonic hydroammonium of 3% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality is uniformly mixed by the fresh sweet potato dregs of free from admixture, mud and addition, and add the pure water of fresh sweet potato dregs quality 0.1 times, carry out autoclaving 0.5h, autoclaving pressure is 0.4MPa;
(2) steam blasting: the mixed material after step (1) autoclaving is added citric acid solution, the mass fraction of described citric acid solution is 6%, the addition of citric acid is 5% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality, sealing is uniformly mixed, then steam blasting is carried out, blasting condition: controlling reaction temperature is 130 DEG C, explosion after pressurize 10min under 0.5MPa;
(3) preparation inoculation slurry: the mixed material after step (2) steam blasting is added and accounts for the sterilized water of mixed material quality 10%, the KH of 1.0%
2pO
4, 0.3% MgSO
4, 1.0% (NH4)
2sO
4, 1.2% NaCl, stir, obtain sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry;
(4) leavening is prepared: take and make the following KH of the required mass fraction of fermentation medium
2pO
40.2%, FeSO
40.02%, NaSO
40.2%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.07%, KCl0.6%, glucose 5%, surplus is sterilized water, dissolving, packing, sterilizing at high steam 120-130 DEG C, sterilization time 20-30min, makes fermented bacterium culture medium, inoculate gill fungus bacterium, 28-30 DEG C within constant-temperature shaking culture 4-5 days, to make gill fungus bacterium seed liquor leavening for subsequent use;
(5) stock substrate fermentation: inoculate gill fungus bacterium seed liquor leavening in sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry, inoculum concentration is 4% of sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry weight, then postvaccinal sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry is placed on 28 DEG C and carries out rotary shaker fermented and cultured 36h, obtain sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry;
(6) insoluble diedairy fiber is extracted: the sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry after step (5) being fermented to keep after 10-20min sterilizing filtering and washing twice in 100 DEG C of water-baths, filtrate is for subsequent use, filter residue low-temperature vacuum drying, obtains sweet potato insoluble dietary fiber;
(7) soluble dietary fiber is extracted: step (6) gained filtrate is slowly added under agitation food grade quality mark is 80%, volume is in the alcohol of filtrate volume 4 times, filtrate adds complete standing 0.5h, then suction filtration, reclaim ethanol, low-temperature vacuum drying filter residue, gained solid is soluble dietary fiber.
The physical and chemical index of the diet fiber product adopting this comparative example to extract is in table 1.
Comparative example 3
A kind of extracting method of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) alkaline boiling: be that the saleratus of 3% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality is uniformly mixed by the fresh sweet potato dregs of free from admixture, mud and addition, and add the pure water of fresh sweet potato dregs quality 0.1 times, carry out autoclaving 0.5h, autoclaving pressure is 0.4MPa;
(2) steam blasting: the mixed material after step (1) autoclaving is added citric acid solution, the mass fraction of described citric acid solution is 6%, the addition of citric acid is 5% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality, sealing is uniformly mixed, then steam blasting is carried out, blasting condition: controlling reaction temperature is 120 DEG C, explosion after pressurize 20min under 0.5MPa;
(3) preparation inoculation slurry: the mixed material after step (2) steam blasting is added and accounts for the sterilized water of mixed material quality 10%, the KH of 1.0%
2pO
4, 0.3% MgSO
4, 1.0% (NH4)
2sO
4, 1.2% NaCl, stir, obtain sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry;
(4) leavening is prepared: take and make the following KH of the required mass fraction of fermentation medium
2pO
40.2%, FeSO
40.02%, NaSO
40.2%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.07%, KCl0.6%, glucose 5%, surplus is sterilized water, dissolving, packing, sterilizing at high steam 120-130 DEG C, sterilization time 20-30min, makes fermented bacterium culture medium, inoculate Ganoderma Lucidum, 28-30 DEG C within constant-temperature shaking culture 4-5 days, to make Ganoderma Lucidum seed liquor leavening for subsequent use;
(5) stock substrate fermentation: inoculate Ganoderma Lucidum seed liquor leavening in sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry, inoculum concentration is 4% of sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry weight, then postvaccinal sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry is placed on 28 DEG C and carries out low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermented and cultured 30h, obtain sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry, described fermented and cultured mode is: after rotary shaker fermentation 8h, add low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant every 30min to ferment, supersonic frequency is 25KHz, ultrasonic power is 25w, each ultrasonic time 10s;
(6) insoluble diedairy fiber is extracted: the sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry after step (5) being fermented to keep after 10-20min sterilizing filtering and washing twice in 100 DEG C of water-baths, filtrate is for subsequent use, filter residue low-temperature vacuum drying, obtains sweet potato insoluble dietary fiber;
(7) soluble dietary fiber is extracted: in step (6) gained filtrate, slowly add the alcohol that food grade quality mark is 80%, volume is filtrate volume 0.5 times under agitation, alcohol adds complete standing 0.5h, then suction filtration, reclaim ethanol, low-temperature vacuum drying filter residue, gained solid is soluble dietary fiber.
The physical and chemical index of the diet fiber product adopting this comparative example to extract is in table 1.
The physical and chemical index of table 1 diet fiber product
Every physical and chemical index of the diet fiber product extracted by embodiment of the present invention 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 is as shown in table 1, embodiment 1-3 is preferred embodiment, difference is respectively compared with extracting method of the present invention for comparative example 1-3: comparative example 1 carries out alkaline boiling for not adding carbonate, directly carries out steam blasting and step later; Comparative example 2 is for directly carrying out rotary shaker fermentation when stock substrate ferments, instead of low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermented and cultured; Comparative example 3 is not filtrate slowly added in alcohol when being and extracting soluble dietary fiber, but alcohol is joined precipitate soluble dietary fiber in filtrate.Every physical and chemical index of the dietary fiber adopting extracting method of the present invention to prepare as can be seen from Table 1 is apparently higher than comparative example.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; its object is to allow person skilled in the art understand content of the present invention and to be implemented; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an extracting method for sweet potato dregs dietary fiber, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) alkaline boiling: the fresh sweet potato dregs of free from admixture, mud and carbonate are uniformly mixed, and add a small amount of water, carry out autoclaving 0.5-1h;
(2) steam blasting: the mixed material after step (1) autoclaving is added organic acid soln, sealing is uniformly mixed, then steam blasting is carried out, blasting condition: control reaction temperature is 120-130 DEG C, explosion after pressurize 10-20min under 0.3-0.5MPa;
(3) preparation inoculation slurry: the mixed material after step (2) steam blasting is added appropriate amounts of sterilized water, other reagent, stirs, obtains sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry;
(4) leavening is prepared: take and make the required various reagent of fermentation medium, with pure water dissolving, packing, sterilizing at high steam 120-130 DEG C, sterilization time 20-30min, make fermented bacterium culture medium, inoculate medicinal fungi, 28-30 DEG C within constant-temperature shaking culture 4-5 days, to make medicinal fungi seed liquor leavening for subsequent use;
(5) stock substrate fermentation: inoculate medicinal fungi seed liquor leavening in sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry, inoculum concentration is the 3-5% of sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry weight, then postvaccinal sweet potato dregs inoculation slurry is placed on 28-35 DEG C and carries out low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant fermented and cultured 24-36h, obtain sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry;
(6) extract insoluble diedairy fiber: filtering and washing twice after the sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry sterilizing after step (5) being fermented, filtrate is for subsequent use, filter residue low-temperature vacuum drying, obtains sweet potato insoluble diedairy fiber;
(7) soluble dietary fiber is extracted: step (6) gained filtrate is slowly added under agitation food grade quality mark is 80%, volume is in filtrate volume 2-4 alcohol doubly, filtrate adds complete standing 0.5-1h, then suction filtration, reclaim ethanol, low-temperature vacuum drying filter residue, gained solid is soluble dietary fiber.
2. the extracting method of a kind of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, carbonate described in step (1) is one or more in calcium bicarbonate, sodium acid carbonate, saleratus, carbonic hydroammonium, and the addition of described carbonate is the 2-4% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality.
3. the extracting method of a kind of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the addition of the water described in step (1) is 0.1 times of fresh sweet potato dregs quality, and autoclaving pressure is 0.2-0.5MPa.
4. the extracting method of a kind of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, organic acid described in step (2) is one or more in citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, the mass fraction of described organic acid soln is 4-8%, and organic acid addition is the 4-6% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality.
5. the extracting method of a kind of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the sterilized water addition described in step (3) is 10% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality, and other reagent are KH
2pO
4, MgSO
4, (NH
4)
2sO
4, NaCl, addition is respectively 0.8-1.2%, 0.2-0.4%, 0.8-1.1%, 1.0-1.4% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality.
6. the extracting method of a kind of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, other reagent described in step (3) are KH
2pO
4, MgSO
4, (NH
4)
2sO
4, NaCl, addition is respectively 1.0%, 0.3%, 1.0%, 1.2% of fresh sweet potato dregs quality.
7. the extracting method of a kind of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the formula of the fermentation medium described in step (4) and quality proportioning thereof are KH
2pO
40.2%, FeSO
40.02%, NaSO
40.2%, (NH
4)
2sO
40.07%, KCl 0.6%, glucose 5%, surplus is sterilized water.
8. the extracting method of a kind of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the medicinal fungi described in step (4) is one or more in Ganoderma Lucidum, China fir bacterium, gill fungus bacterium, Pueraria lobota bacterium.
9. the extracting method of a kind of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, fermented and cultured mode described in step (5) is: after rotary shaker fermentation 6-10h, add low-intensity batch (-type) ultrasonic assistant every 20-40min to ferment, supersonic frequency is 20-30KHz, ultrasonic power is 0-50w, each ultrasonic time 5-20s.
10. the extracting method of a kind of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the sterilizing methods described in step (6) is that sweet potato dregs fermentation slurry keeps 10-20min in 100 DEG C of water-baths.
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