CN114585603A - 前列腺素ep4受体拮抗剂化合物 - Google Patents
前列腺素ep4受体拮抗剂化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114585603A CN114585603A CN202080071435.9A CN202080071435A CN114585603A CN 114585603 A CN114585603 A CN 114585603A CN 202080071435 A CN202080071435 A CN 202080071435A CN 114585603 A CN114585603 A CN 114585603A
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- ethyl
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- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- SYCYTDVODOGBBU-JTQLQIEISA-N tert-butyl n-[(1s)-1-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl]carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 SYCYTDVODOGBBU-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002424 x-ray crystallography Methods 0.000 description 1
- GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc cyanide Chemical compound [Zn+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C235/12—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
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- C07C233/55—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a carbon atom of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
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Abstract
Description
本申请涉及新的化合物及其作为前列腺素E2受体4(EP4)拮抗剂的用途。本文描述的化合物可以用于治疗或预防其中涉及EP4受体的疾病。本申请还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物,以及这些化合物和组合物的制造和在预防或治疗其中涉及EP4受体的这样的疾病中的用途。
发明背景
前列腺素(PG)是由环氧合酶(COX;组成型活性COX1和诱导型COX2)和PG合酶产生的小分子(~400Da)产物,具有来自异前列腺素(isoprostane)途径的很小贡献,作用于花生四烯酸(AA)。前列腺素E2(PGE2)是骨髓细胞和基质细胞中的主要COX产物,其水平由合成和15-羟基前列腺素脱氢酶(15-PGDH)介导的降解之间的平衡决定。PGE2具有4种受体(EP1-EP4),所述受体存在于多种细胞类型上,包括巨噬细胞、单核细胞、血小板、感觉神经元、胃肠道、肾、胸腺、心脏、肺和子宫;并且驱动广泛的药理学介导伤害性感受,神经元信号传导方面、造血、血流的调节、肾滤过和血压、粘膜完整性的调节、血管渗透性、平滑肌功能以及促炎性免疫功能(肥大细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的血管舒张、募集(recruitment)和激活)和免疫抑制性免疫功能两者(在下文中详述)。功能性PGE2拮抗作用在多种疾病环境中具有治疗潜力,在下文中论述。
腹主动脉瘤(AAA)。AAA是一种危及生命的炎性血管疾病,该炎性血管疾病与导致易于破裂的扩张的主动脉(dilated aorta)的结缔组织变性、平滑肌的损失相关。患病的主动脉组织与EP4、PGE2的表达以及巨噬细胞和平滑肌COX2的表达相关(Walton,L.J.等人Circulation 100,48-54(1999))。EP4拮抗作用或基因缺失与人类和小鼠临床前系统的有益结果相关(Yokoyama,U.等人PLoS One 7,e36724(2012))。
强直性脊柱炎(AS)。AS是一种与HLA-B27和EP4相关的可遗传的自身免疫性疾病。啮齿动物模型中的炎性疼痛可以是PGE2和EP4驱动的。AS患者的疼痛是NSAID响应性的,这表明EP4拮抗剂还可以是AS的镇痛剂,具有与特定的EP4拮抗作用相对于一般的AA代谢抑制相关的长期安全益处,如下文在癌症章节中论述的(Murase,A.等人Eur.J.Pharmacol.580,116-121(2008))。
阿尔茨海默病(AD)。由β-分泌酶和γ-分泌酶介导的β-淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)的水解产生的淀粉样-β肽(Aβ)在AD发病机制中起关键作用。PGE2通过γ-分泌酶的内吞和激活来刺激Aβ产生。与EP4缺陷型小鼠杂交的表达突变型APP(APP23)的转基因小鼠已经被示出呈现出比对照小鼠更低水平的Aβ斑块沉积和更少的神经元和突触损失。采用特定的EP4的口服治疗已经被示出改善认知表现并降低脑中的Aβ水平(Hoshino,T.等人J.Neurochem.120,795-805(2012))。
动脉粥样硬化。EP4已经经由MMP-2和MMP-9的PGE2诱导与人类动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定相关(Cipollone,F.等人Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol.25,1925-31(2005))。通过分析小鼠模型中的已经损害存活的EP4缺陷型巨噬细胞,EP4还已经被验证为用于预防动脉粥样硬化发展的靶(Babaev,V.R.等人Cell Metab.8,492-501(2008))。
癌症。癌症或赘生物是全球死亡率和发病率的主要原因。文献强烈支持PGE2在上皮癌(结肠和直肠、唇和口腔、鼻咽、其他咽部、胆囊和胆道、胰腺、非黑色素瘤皮肤、卵巢、睾丸、肾、膀胱、甲状腺、间皮瘤、食道、胃、肝、喉、气管、支气管和肺、乳腺、宫颈、子宫、前列腺的GBD赘生物类别)中的作用。
PGE2和相关受体在多种上皮赘生物(结肠癌、唇癌和口腔癌、胆囊癌、胰腺癌、非黑色素瘤皮肤癌、卵巢癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、甲状腺癌、间皮瘤、食管鳞状细胞癌、胃癌、肝癌、鳞状细胞肺癌、乳腺癌、三阴性乳腺癌、宫颈癌、子宫癌、前列腺癌、头颈鳞状细胞癌)中上调,并且表达水平与疾病进展(唇癌和口腔癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、头颈鳞状细胞癌)相关。
塞来昔布(COX-2选择性抑制剂)的使用被示出降低腺瘤发展的发生率和晚期腺瘤发展的速率,但在腺瘤切除的参与者中增加严重的心血管事件(Arber,N.等人N.Engl.J.Med.355,885–895(2006))。塞来昔布还已经作为用于多种癌症的联合治疗进行试验。利用阿司匹林(COX-1抑制剂和COX-2抑制剂)的5个随机试验的荟萃分析已经表明,每天至少75mg的剂量降低20年结肠癌的风险(Rothwell,P.M.等人Lancet 376,1741–1750(2010))。PI3K突变存在于15%-20%的结肠直肠癌(CRC)中并伴有多种激活;PI3K上调增强PTGS2(COX-2)活性并且因此增强PGE2合成。CRC诊断后定期阿司匹林使用与具有突变型PIK3CA但非野生型PIK3CA的患者的存活益处(survival benefit)相关(Liao,X.等人N.Engl.J.Med.367,1596–1606(2012))。
COX抑制剂的治疗效用受到其引起GI(NSAID例如阿司匹林)或CV(NSAID和昔布类(Coxibs)例如塞来昔布)毒性的潜力的限制。因此,尽管阿司匹林和NSAID通常在癌症化学预防中的效用已经得到国际共识的认可,但是风险/效益比仍然具有挑战性,并且因此尚未做出明确的使用建议。总之,这些数据表明,前列腺素合成的广谱抑制是一种过于生硬的药理学工具以至于不能实现适当的效益:风险平衡,并且存在对于待评价的更特定的药物的需求。因此,我们假设,通过EP4拮抗作用来特异性中和PGE2生物学将提供临床益处,同时使副作用概况最小化。
PGE2代表有吸引力的治疗靶,其驱动免疫抑制过程、免疫学过程和肿瘤学过程以促进癌症发展和进展。COX-2和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)途径在大多数人类癌症中被激活。当人类结肠直肠癌(CRC)细胞用COX2转染时,它们结合EGFR诱导而增殖,这表明在途径之间的串扰(crosstalk)。当施用PGE2中和抗体时,携带CRC肿瘤的小鼠已经示出降低的肿瘤生长(Stolina,M.等人J.Immunol.164,361–70(2000))。PGE2在低氧和治疗(诸如放射疗法)条件下通常是抗凋亡的,并且激活Ras-MAPK/ERK和PI3K/AKT存活途径(Wang,D.&Dubois,R.N.Gut 55,115–22(2006))。临床前啮齿动物研究和人类研究支持PGE2在癌症发展和进展中起关键作用的观点,并且已经开始阐明机制。肿瘤中的COX表达产生破坏骨髓性功能的PGE2;采用敲除或阿司匹林/昔布类的COX消融使得能够实现对肿瘤的免疫控制,并且COX抑制与呈PD1阻断抗体形式的免疫检查点阻断协同作用(Zelaney等人,Cell,2015)。这些数据表明,其他已知的免疫检查点阻断剂可以与PGE2抑制协同作用。最后,COX炎症特征在小鼠和人类癌症活组织检查中是保守的(Zelaney等人,Cell,2015)。高度可能的是,在肿瘤微环境中完全抑制PGE2所需的昔布类剂量超过被许可用于在人中临床使用的昔布类剂量,这进一步支持了对于阻断PGE2的癌症支持生物学而不产生剂量限制性毒性的药物的需求。
多种免疫细胞携带腺苷受体(主要是A2A和A2B),所述腺苷受体与EP2和EP4一样发挥作用以增加细胞内cAMP并介导免疫抑制。PGE2和腺苷在赘生物中共表达,这支持了临床益处将通过使PGE2和腺苷途径调节剂组合来产生的概念。
这些发现表明,PGE2的功能性拮抗作用具有既为患有多种上皮癌的患者提供强的临床益处,但还与当前的护理标准和正在开发的新的IO剂协同作用的强的潜力。
糖尿病性肾病变。糖尿病与包括肾病变、视网膜病变和神经病变的多种大血管并发症相关。糖尿病性肾病变是终末期肾病的主要原因,与高心血管风险相关,并且是约1/3的糖尿病患者的常见后遗症。当前的疗法集中在血糖和血压的控制上,以使高血糖、高血压、血脂异常、肥胖的关键风险因素最小化,但是不够有效。PGE2是最丰富的肾前列腺素并且在以下肾生理学中起多种作用:炎症、容量稳态、盐和水平衡的调节、肾血流量、肾素释放、肾小球血流动力学(Breyer,M.D.,Jacobson,H.R.&Breyer,R.M.J.Am.Soc.Nephrol.7,8-17(1996));EP1和EP3通常是血管收缩的,而EP2和EP4介导血管舒张。EP4已经在模拟糖尿病性肾病变的方面的临床前模型中参与介导肾损害。EP4拮抗剂ASP7657的四周重复的口服施用已经被示出剂量依赖性地减弱2型糖尿病db/db小鼠的蛋白尿(Mizukami,K.等人Naunyn.Schmiedebergs.Arch.Pharmacol.391,1319-1326(2018))。
子宫内膜异位症。子宫内膜异位症的特征是子宫内膜组织在子宫腔外的持续定植,可能经由经血倒流,导致典型的病灶以及具有上调的COX2和升高的PGE2的“子宫内膜异位病变”的形成。
PGE2经由EP2和EP4刺激整合素介导的子宫内膜异位上皮细胞和基质细胞的粘附,并且驱动子宫内膜异位上皮细胞和基质细胞的增殖;当PGE2被阻断时,这驱动细胞凋亡。数据表明EP4拮抗作用可能在子宫内膜异位症中具有治疗效用(Lee,J.,Banu,S.K.,Burghardt,R.C.,Starzinski-Powitz,A.&Arosh,J.A.Biol.Reprod.88,77(2013))。
炎性肠病。PGE2经由上调与驱动IBD相关的IL-23受体(Lee等人,JACI,2019)来直接促进产生IL-17的T辅助(Th17)细胞的分化和促炎功能(Boniface等人,JEM,2009);IL-12/23中和优特克单抗在溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病中是有效的。
偏头痛。PGE2在偏头痛方面具有强的靶验证。PGE2在经历偏头痛的人的颈静脉血液、血浆和唾液中上调。前列腺素的IV输注可以引发偏头痛患者的偏头痛症状;PGE2以EP4依赖方式放松人类脑动脉(Maubach,K.A.K.A.等人Br.J.Pharmacol.156,316-327(2009))。硬脑膜、三叉神经元、传入神经和感觉传入神经(sensory afferent)的体外和体内化学刺激引起PGE2释放。PGE2经由EP4诱导肽释放的增加和感觉神经元的敏化(Southall,M.D.&Vasko,M.R.J.Biol.Chem.276,16083-91(2001))。这些数据表明EP4拮抗剂在偏头痛的治疗中可能具有治疗效用。
多发性硬化症(MS)。PGE2水平在MS脑脊液(CSF)中被清楚地检测到,但在来自不患有神经疾病的人的CSF中不能检测到。预测功能性PGE2拮抗剂经由IL-23产生的抑制以及Th1细胞和Th17细胞发育的抑制来提供MS的临床益处(Cua,D.J.等人Nature 421,744-8(2003))。
骨关节炎(OA)。PGE2在来自OA患者的滑液和软骨中被上调,并且PGE2经由EP4刺激OA软骨细胞上的基质降解(Attur,M.等人J.Immunol.181,5082-8(2008))。
骨质疏松症。PGE2在驱动骨吸收中起关键作用,主要通过EP4。当肿瘤转移到骨时,骨损失经常被观察到;来自乳腺转移模型的临床前数据示出,EP4拮抗作用减少骨矿物质密度的损失(Takita,M.,Inada,M.,Maruyama,T.&Miyaura,C.FEBS Lett.581,565-571(2007))。
膀胱过度活动症。环磷酰胺注射诱导大鼠的膀胱过度活动症。同时地、全身地或直接地进入膀胱组织的EP4拮抗剂已经被示出减少膀胱炎症和膀胱收缩(过度活动)的频率(Chuang,Y.-C.,Tyagi,P.,Huang,C.-C.,Chancellor,M.B.&Yoshimura,N.BJU Int.110,1558-1564(2012))。
类风湿性关节炎。PGE2可以充当免疫抑制剂和免疫刺激剂两者,并且可能应该被认为是环境依赖的免疫调节剂。EP4缺陷型小鼠相对于WT或EP1-3缺陷型小鼠已经被示出在CAIA模型中出现减少的关节炎症状,这明显与EP4有关(McCoy,J.M.,Wicks,J.R.&Audoly,L.P.J.Clin.Invest.110,651-658(2002))。
数据表明,PGE2的功能性拮抗作用具有改善类风湿性关节炎的临床相关的Th17轴并且因此提供强的临床益处的潜力。
本文描述的发明涉及新的化合物及其作为EP4拮抗剂的用途。本文描述的化合物可以用于治疗或预防其中涉及EP4受体的疾病。本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物,以及这些化合物和组合物的制造和在预防或治疗其中涉及EP4受体的这样的疾病中的用途。因此,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗腹主动脉瘤(AAA)、强直性脊柱炎(AS)、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、动脉粥样硬化、包括上皮癌(结肠和直肠、唇和口腔、鼻咽、其他咽部、胆囊和胆道、胰腺、非黑色素瘤皮肤、卵巢、睾丸、肾、膀胱、甲状腺、间皮瘤、食道、胃、肝、喉、气管、支气管和肺、乳腺、宫颈、子宫、前列腺的GBD赘生物类别)的癌症、糖尿病性肾病变、子宫内膜异位症、炎性肠病、偏头痛、多发性硬化症(MS)、骨关节炎(OA)和类风湿性关节炎。
本发明的化合物可以作为单一治疗剂或与任何类型的一种或更多种其他治疗剂组合使用。对于癌症的治疗或预防,这可以包括放射疗法和/或化学疗法和/或免疫疗法和/或其他肿瘤学调节剂。
发明
本发明提供了具有作为前列腺素E2受体4(EP4)拮抗剂的活性的化合物。
本发明提供了式(1)的化合物:
或其盐,其中:
A选自由以下组成的组:
X是任选地被取代的苯基环、任选地被取代的吡啶基环或任选地被取代的咪唑并吡啶环体系;
R1和R2独立地是H或任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团;或者R1和R2被连接以形成3-6元碳环,所述3-6元碳环任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代;
R3是H、C1-3烷基或F;
R4是H或C1-3烷基;
R8是C1-3烷基或C3-6环烷基环;
并且R10和R11两者均是甲基,或者R10和R11被连接以形成环丁基环。
所述化合物可以被用作EP4受体拮抗剂。所述化合物可以用于制造药物。所述化合物或药物可以用于治疗、预防、改善、控制其中涉及EP4受体的疾病或紊乱或降低所述疾病或紊乱的风险。因此,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗腹主动脉瘤(AAA)、强直性脊柱炎(AS)、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、动脉粥样硬化、包括上皮癌(结肠和直肠、唇和口腔、鼻咽、其他咽部、胆囊和胆道、胰腺、非黑色素瘤皮肤、卵巢、睾丸、肾、膀胱、甲状腺、间皮瘤、食道、胃、肝、喉、气管、支气管和肺、乳腺、宫颈、子宫、前列腺的GBD赘生物类别)的癌症、糖尿病性肾病变、子宫内膜异位症、炎性肠病、偏头痛、多发性硬化症(MS)、骨关节炎(OA)和类风湿性关节炎。
发明详述
本发明涉及新的化合物。本发明还涉及新的化合物作为EP4受体的拮抗剂的用途。本发明还涉及新的化合物在制造用作EP4受体拮抗剂的药物中的用途。
本发明还涉及用于治疗腹主动脉瘤(AAA)、强直性脊柱炎(AS)、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、动脉粥样硬化、包括上皮癌(结肠和直肠、唇和口腔、鼻咽、其他咽部、胆囊和胆道、胰腺、非黑色素瘤皮肤、卵巢、睾丸、肾、膀胱、甲状腺、间皮瘤、食道、胃、肝、喉、气管、支气管和肺、乳腺、宫颈、子宫、前列腺的GBD赘生物类别)的癌症、糖尿病性肾病变、子宫内膜异位症、炎性肠病、偏头痛、多发性硬化症(MS)、骨关节炎(OA)和类风湿性关节炎的化合物、组合物和药物。
本发明提供了式(1)的化合物:
或其盐,其中:
A选自由以下组成的组:
X是任选地被取代的苯基环、任选地被取代的吡啶基环或任选地被取代的咪唑并吡啶环体系;
R1和R2独立地是H或任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团;或者R1和R2被连接以形成3-6元碳环,所述3-6元碳环任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代;
R3是H、C1-3烷基或F;
R4是H或C1-3烷基;
R8是C1-3烷基或C3-6环烷基环;
并且R10和R11两者均是甲基,或者R10和R11被连接以形成环丁基环。
还提供了式(1a)的化合物:
或其盐,其中:
A选自由以下组成的组:
X是任选地被取代的苯基环、任选地被取代的吡啶基环或任选地被取代的咪唑并吡啶环体系;
R1和R2独立地是H或任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团;或者R1和R2被连接以形成3-6元碳环,所述3-6元碳环任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代;
R3是H、C1-3烷基或F;
R4是H或C1-3烷基;
并且R8是C1-3烷基或C3-6环烷基环。
还提供了式(1b)的化合物:
或其盐,其中:
A选自由以下组成的组:
X是任选地被取代的苯基环、任选地被取代的吡啶基环或任选地被取代的咪唑并吡啶环体系;
R1和R2独立地是H或任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团;或者R1和R2被连接以形成3-6元碳环,所述3-6元碳环任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代;
R3是H、C1-3烷基或F;
R4是H或C1-3烷基;
并且R8是C1-3烷基或C3-6环烷基环;
本发明提供了式(1c)的化合物:
或其盐,其中:
A选自由以下组成的组:
X是任选地被取代的苯基环、任选地被取代的吡啶基环或任选地被取代的咪唑并吡啶环体系;
R1和R2独立地是H或任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团;或者R1和R2被连接以形成3-6元碳环,所述3-6元碳环任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代;
R4是H或C1-3烷基;
R8是C1-3烷基或C3-6环烷基环;
并且R10和R11两者均是甲基,或者R10和R11被连接以形成环丁基环。
特定的化合物包括式(2)和式(2i)的化合物:
或其盐,其中:
A、R1、R2、R3和R4如上文所定义的;
Q、W和T是CH或N;
Z和Y是C或N;
其中Q、W、T、Y和Z中的任一个或没有一个是N,如果Y是N,则R5不存在,并且如果Z是N,则R6不存在;
R5和R6独立地选自H、卤素、CN、OH、SF5、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、C1-6烷氧基、OR7和SO2R7,其中烷基基团、环烷基基团和烷氧基基团任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代,并且烷基基团或环烷基基团中的任何一个原子可以任选地被选自O、S和N的杂原子替换;或者R5和R6被连接以形成5元或6元碳环或杂环,所述5元或6元碳环或杂环任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代;并且R7是任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-6烷基基团或任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C3-6环烷基基团。
特定的化合物包括式(2a)和式(2b)的化合物:
及其盐,其中A、T、Y、Z、Q、W、R1、R2、R5和R6如上文所定义的。
特定的化合物包括式(2ia)和式(2ib)的化合物:
及其盐,其中A、T、Y、Z、Q、W、R1、R2、R5和R6如上文所定义的。
特定的化合物包括式(3)、式(3a)、式(3b)、式(3i)、式(3ia)、式(3ib)的化合物:
及其盐,其中A、T、Y、Z、Q、W、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6如上文所定义的。
特定的化合物包括式(4)、式(4a)、式(4b)、式(4i)、式(4ia)和式(4ib)的化合物:
及其盐,其中A、T、Y、Z、Q、W、R3、R4、R5和R6如上文所定义的。
特定的化合物包括式(5)、式(5a)、式(5b)、式(5i)、式(5ia)和式(5ib)的化合物:
及其盐,其中A、T、Y、Z、Q、W、R3、R4、R5和R6如上文所定义的。
特定的化合物包括式(6)、式(6a)、式(6b)、式(6c)、式(6d)、式(6e)、式(6f)、式(6g)、式(6h)、式(6j)、式(6k)和式(6l)的化合物:
及其盐,其中A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6如上文所定义的。
特定的化合物包括式(6i)、式(6ia)、式(6ib)、式(6ic)、式(6id)、式(6ie)、式(6if)、式(6ig)、式(6ih)、式(6ij)、式(6ik)和式(6il)的化合物:
及其盐,其中A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6如上文所定义的。
该化合物可以是式(7)的化合物:
及其盐,其中X、R1、R2、R3、R4、R10和R11如上文所定义的。
在本文的化合物中,A可以选自:
在本文的化合物中,A可以选自由以下组成的组:CO2H、四唑、1,2,4-噁二唑-5(2H)-酮、1,3,4-噁二唑-2(3H)-酮、CONHSO2R8、CONHSO2Me、SO3H、1,3,4-噁二唑-2(3H)-硫酮、1,2,4-噁二唑-5(2H)-硫酮、1,2,4-噻二唑-5(2H)-酮、1,2,5-噻二唑烷-3-酮1,1-二氧化物和2,4-噁唑烷二酮。
在本文的化合物中,A可以选自CO2H、CONHSO2Me和四唑环。A可以是CO2H。A可以是CONHSO2Me。A可以是四唑环。
在本文的化合物中,R1和R2可以独立地是H或任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团。R1和R2可以被连接以形成3-6元碳环,所述3-6元碳环任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代。
在本文的化合物中,R1可以是H。R1可以是任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团。R1可以与R2连接以形成任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的3-6元碳环。R1可以与R2连接以形成3-6元碳环。R1可以是任选地被1-3个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团。R1可以是C1-3烷基基团。R1可以是甲基。R1可以与R2连接以形成环丙基环。
在本文的化合物中,R2可以是H。R2可以是任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团。R2可以与R1连接以形成任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的3-6元碳环。R2可以与R1连接以形成3-6元碳环。R2可以是任选地被1-3个氟原子取代的C1-3烷基基团。R2可以是C1-3烷基基团。R2可以是甲基。R2可以与R1连接以形成环丙基环。
在本文的化合物中,R1可以是甲基,并且R2可以是H。R1和R2两者均可以是甲基。R1和R2两者均可以是H。R1和R2可以被连接以形成环丙基环。
在本文的化合物中,R3可以是H、C1-3烷基或F。R3可以是H、甲基或F。R3可以是C1-3烷基。R3可以是甲基。R3可以是H。R3可以是F。
在本文的化合物中,R4可以是H或C1-3烷基。R4可以是H或甲基。R4可以是C1-3烷基。R4可以是甲基。R4可以是H。
在本文的化合物中,X可以是任选地被取代的苯基环。X可以是任选地被取代的吡啶基环。X可以是任选地被取代的咪唑并吡啶环体系。
在本文的化合物中,X可以是可以任选地被取代的以下环体系中的任一种:
在本文的化合物中,X可以是:
其中T、Y、Z、Q、W、R5和R6如上文所定义的。
在本文的化合物中,X可以选自由以下组成的组:
其中R5和R6如上文所定义的。
在本文的化合物中,R5和R6可以独立地选自H、卤素、CN、OH、SF5、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、C1-6烷氧基、OR7和SO2R7,其中烷基基团、环烷基基团和烷氧基基团任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代,并且烷基基团或环烷基基团中的任何一个原子可以任选地被选自O、S和N的杂原子替换;R5和R6可以被连接以形成5元或6元碳环或杂环,所述5元或6元碳环或杂环任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代。R5和R6可以独立地选自H、Cl、F、CN、OH、SO2Me、SO2Et、SO2-环丙基、SF5、CF3、CF2H、OMe、OCF3、OCF2H、CH2OH、CH2OMe、环丙基和氧杂环丁烷基(oxetanyl)。
在本文的化合物中,R5可以选自H、卤素、CN、OH、SF5、OR7和SO2R7。R5可以是C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C3-6环烷基,其中烷基基团、环烷基基团和烷氧基基团任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代,并且烷基基团或环烷基基团中的任何一个原子可以任选地被选自O、S和N的杂原子替换。R5可以是C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C3-6环烷基,其中烷基基团、环烷基基团和烷氧基基团任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代。R5可以是C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C3-6环烷基。R5可以选自H、Cl、F、CN、OH、SO2Me、SO2Et、SO2-环丙基、SF5、CF3、CF2H、OMe、OCF3、OCF2H、CH2OH、CH2OMe、环丙基和氧杂环丁烷基。R5可以是H。R5可以是CF3或F。R5可以是CF3。R5可以是F。R5可以与R6连接以形成任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的5元或6元碳环或杂环。R5可以与R6连接以形成任选地被一个或两个氟原子取代的稠合的二氧杂环戊烷环(fused dioxolanering)。R5可以与R6连接以形成稠合的二氧杂环戊烷环。R5可以与R6连接以形成被一个或两个氟原子取代的稠合的二氧杂环戊烷环。R5可以与R6连接以形成被两个氟原子取代的稠合的二氧杂环戊烷环。R5和R6可以被连接以形成稠合的咪唑环。R5和R6可以被连接以与它们被附接至的环一起形成咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶环体系。
在本文的化合物中,R6可以选自H、卤素、CN、OH、SF5、OR7和SO2R7。R6可以是C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C3-6环烷基,其中烷基基团、环烷基基团和烷氧基基团任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代,并且烷基基团或环烷基基团中的任何一个原子可以任选地被选自O、S和N的杂原子替换。R6可以是C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C3-6环烷基,其中烷基基团、环烷基基团和烷氧基基团任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代。R6可以是C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C3-6环烷基。R6可以选自H、Cl、F、CN、OH、SO2Me、SO2Et、SO2-环丙基、SF5、CF3、CF2H、OMe、OCF3、OCF2H、CH2OH、CH2OMe、环丙基和氧杂环丁烷基。R6可以是H。R6可以是CF3或F。R6可以是CF3。R6可以是F。R6可以与R5连接以形成任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的5元或6元碳环或杂环。R6可以与R5连接以形成任选地被一个或两个氟原子取代的稠合的二氧杂环戊烷环。R6可以与R5连接以形成稠合的二氧杂环戊烷环。R6可以与R5连接以形成被一个或两个氟原子取代的稠合的二氧杂环戊烷环。R6可以与R5连接以形成被两个氟原子取代的稠合的二氧杂环戊烷环。R6和R5可以被连接以形成稠合的咪唑环。R6和R5可以被连接以与它们被附接至的环一起形成咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶环体系。
在本文的化合物中,Q、W和T可以是CH或N。Z和Y可以是C或N。
在本文的化合物中,Q、W、T、Y和Z中的任一个或没有一个是N。如果Y是N,则R5不存在。如果Z是N,则R6不存在。
在本文的化合物中,Q、W和T可以是CH,并且Z和Y可以是C。Q、W和T可以是CH,Z可以是C,并且Y可以是N。Q、W和T可以是CH,Z可以是N,并且Y可以是C。Q和W可以是CH,T可以是N,并且Z和Y可以是C。Q和T可以是CH,W可以是N,并且Z和Y可以是C。T和W可以是CH,Q可以是N,并且Z和Y可以是C。
在本文的化合物中,R7可以是任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-6烷基基团。R7可以是任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C3-6环烷基基团。R7可以是C1-6烷基基团。R7可以是C3-6环烷基基团。R7可以是甲基。R7可以是乙基。R7可以是CF3。R7可以是CF2H。
在本文的化合物中,R8可以是C1-3烷基。R8可以是C3-6环烷基。R8可以是甲基。
在本文的化合物中,R10和R11两者均可以是甲基,或者R10和R11可以被连接以形成环丁基环。R10可以是甲基或者与R11连接形成环丁基环。R11可以是甲基或者与R10连接形成环丁基环。
该化合物可以选自表1中示出的实施例1至实施例101中的任何一种或其盐。
该化合物可以选自由以下组成的组:
4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((1S)-1-(2-((3-甲氧基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((S)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((1S)-1-(2-((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((S)-3-甲基-2-((3-(甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((3-(甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((S)-3-甲基-2-((4-(甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氯苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-氯苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-(二氟甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-(二氟甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((3-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((S)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((1S)-1-(2-((3-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-(苄氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((3-(三氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氰基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-氰基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((5-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基)甲氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(五氟-λ6-硫烷基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3,4-二氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((2,2-二氟苯并[d][1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-(二氟甲基)-3-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-环丙基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((5-(二氟甲基)吡啶-2-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氟-3-(甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
2-甲基-4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3,4-二氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-羟基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-环丙基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-(甲氧基甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-羟基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)乙基)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺;
(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)乙基)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰胺;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-(乙基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-(羟甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((1S)-1-((2R)-2-(1-(4-氟苯基)乙氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-氯苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((1S)-1-((2R)-3-甲基-2-(1-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)乙氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)-N-(甲基磺酰基)苯甲酰胺;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-氰基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((2,2-二氟苯并[d][1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-(乙基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(三氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-((3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)甲基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-(甲氧基甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((4-(二氟甲基)-3-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((4-(二氟甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)-N-(甲基磺酰基)苯甲酰胺;
(R)-4-(2-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)丙-2-基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-环丙基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-基甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((2-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-4-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((4-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-N-(1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)环丙基)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰胺;
(R)-N-(1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)环丙基)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺;
(R)-N-(1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)环丙基)-2-((3,4-二氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺;
(R)-N-(1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)环丙基)-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺;
(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丁基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((2-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-4-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((5-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基)甲氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-2-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-氯-4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-(1-((2R)-2-((4-氯-5-氟环己-1,3-二烯-1-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-2-((3-环丙基苄基)氧基)-N-(1-(4-(2,3-二氢-1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)环丙基)-3-甲基丁酰胺;
N-(环丙基磺酰基)-4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酰胺;
(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)乙基)-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺;
(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)乙基)-2-((3-环丙基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((6-(二氟甲基)吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-环丙基-4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((5-(二氟甲基)吡啶-2-基)甲氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-环丙基-4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-(环丙基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-((3-(环丙基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;
4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3,4-二氟苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-(1-(2-((3-氯苄基)氧基)-2-环丁基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(S)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;
或其盐。
本发明的某些新的化合物作为EP4受体拮抗剂示出特别高的活性。
本发明的另外的实施方案包括式(1)的化合物作为EP4受体拮抗剂的用途。这样的用途可以是在腹主动脉瘤(AAA)、强直性脊柱炎(AS)、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、动脉粥样硬化、包括上皮癌(结肠和直肠、唇和口腔、鼻咽、其他咽部、胆囊和胆道、胰腺、非黑色素瘤皮肤、卵巢、睾丸、肾、膀胱、甲状腺、间皮瘤、食道、胃、肝、喉、气管、支气管和肺、乳腺、宫颈、子宫、前列腺的GBD赘生物类别)的癌症、糖尿病性肾病变、子宫内膜异位症、炎性肠病、偏头痛、多发性硬化症(MS)、骨关节炎(OA)或类风湿性关节炎的治疗中。
定义
在本申请中,除非另外指示,否则适用以下定义。
关于包括式(i)的那些化合物的本文描述的任何化合物的用途,术语“治疗”被用于描述任何形式的干预,其中将化合物施用至患有所讨论的疾病或紊乱或处于患有所述疾病或紊乱的风险或潜在地处于患有所述疾病或紊乱的风险的受试者。因此,术语“治疗”涵盖预防性(防治性)治疗和其中展示疾病或紊乱的可测量的症状或可检测的症状的治疗两者。
术语“有效治疗量”(例如,关于疾病或状况的治疗方法)指的是有效产生期望的治疗效果的化合物的量。例如,如果状况是疼痛,则有效治疗量是足以提供期望水平的疼痛缓解的量。期望水平的疼痛缓解可以是例如完全去除疼痛或降低疼痛的严重程度。
除非另外指示,否则术语“烷基”、“烷氧基”、“环烷基”、“苯基”、“吡啶基”、“碳环”和“杂环”全部以其常规意义(例如,如在IUPAC Gold Book中所定义的)使用。如适于任何基团的“任选地被取代的”意指如果需要,所述基团可以被一个或更多个取代基取代,所述一个或更多个取代基可以相同或不同。
在上文R5和R6的定义中,在陈述的情况下,烷基基团或环烷基基团的一个或两个碳原子但不是全部的碳原子可以任选地被选自O和N的杂原子替换。在所述基团是单个碳(C1)基团的情况下,碳不能被替换。将理解的是,当碳原子被杂原子替换时,与碳相比较低的杂原子化合价意味着将被键合至杂原子的原子比将会被键合至已经被替换的碳原子的原子更少。因此,例如,由氧(化合价为2)替换CH2基团中的碳原子(化合价为4)将意味着所得到的分子将少含两个氢原子,并且由氮(化合价为3)替换CH2基团中的碳原子(化合价为4)将意味着所得到的分子将少含一个氢原子。
用于碳原子的杂原子替换的实例包括用氧或硫替换-CH2-CH2-CH2-链中的碳原子以给出醚-CH2-O-CH2-或硫醚-CH2-S-CH2-,用氮替换基团CH2-C≡C-H中的碳原子以给出腈(氰基)基团CH2-C≡N,用C=O替换基团-CH2-CH2-CH2-中的碳原子以给出酮-CH2-C(O)-CH2-,用C=O替换基团-CH2-CH=CH2中的碳原子以给出醛-CH2-C(O)H,用O替换基团-CH2-CH2-CH3中的碳原子以给出醇-CH2-CH2-CH2OH,用O替换基团-CH2-CH2-CH3中的碳原子以给出醚-CH2-O-CH3,用S替换基团-CH2-CH2-CH3中的碳原子以给出硫醇-CH2-CH2-CH2SH,用S=O或SO2替换基团-CH2-CH2-CH2-中的碳原子以给出亚砜-CH2-S(O)-CH2-或砜-CH2-S(O)2-CH2-,用C(O)NH替换-CH2-CH2-CH2-链中的碳原子以给出酰胺-CH2-CH2-C(O)-NH-,用氮替换-CH2-CH2-CH2-链中的碳原子以给出胺-CH2-NH-CH2-,以及用C(O)O替换-CH2-CH2-CH2-链中的碳原子以给出酯(或羧酸)-CH2-CH2-C(O)-O-。在每个这样的替换中,必须保留烷基基团或环烷基基团中的至少一个碳原子。
就所描述的任何化合物具有手性中心来说,本发明扩展到这样的化合物的所有光学异构体,不论是呈外消旋体还是拆分的对映异构体的形式。然而,本文描述的发明涉及如此制备的任何所公开的化合物的所有晶体形式、溶剂化物和水合物。就本文公开的任何化合物具有酸性中心或碱性中心诸如羧酸基团或氨基基团来说,则所述化合物的所有盐形式都被包括在本文中。在制药用途的情况下,盐应当被看作是药学上可接受的盐。
可以提及的盐或药学上可接受的盐包括酸加成盐和碱加成盐。这样的盐可以通过常规的手段形成,例如通过化合物的游离酸形式或游离碱形式与一个或更多个当量的适合的酸或碱任选地在溶剂中或在盐不溶于其中的介质中反应,随后使用标准技术(例如在真空中,通过冷冻干燥或通过过滤)去除所述溶剂或所述介质。盐还可以例如使用合适的离子交换树脂,通过将呈盐形式的化合物的抗衡离子与另一种抗衡离子进行交换来制备。
药学上可接受的盐的实例包括衍生自无机酸和有机酸的酸加成盐,以及衍生自金属诸如钠、镁、钾和钙的盐。
酸加成盐的实例包括与以下形成的酸加成盐:乙酸、2,2-二氯乙酸、己二酸、海藻酸、芳基磺酸(例如,苯磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸和对甲苯磺酸)、抗坏血酸(例如L-抗坏血酸)、L-天冬氨酸、苯甲酸、4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、丁酸、(+)樟脑酸、樟脑磺酸、(+)-(1S)-樟脑-10-磺酸、癸酸、己酸、辛酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、环拉酸、十二烷基硫酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、乙磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、甲酸、富马酸、粘酸、龙胆酸、葡庚糖酸、葡糖酸(例如D-葡糖酸)、葡糖醛酸(例如D-葡糖醛酸)、谷氨酸(例如L-谷氨酸)、α-酮戊二酸、乙醇酸、马尿酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、氢碘酸、羟乙基磺酸、乳酸(例如,(+)-L-乳酸和(±)-DL-乳酸)、乳糖醛酸、马来酸、苹果酸(例如,(-)-L-苹果酸)、丙二酸、(±)-DL-扁桃酸、偏磷酸、甲磺酸、1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、烟酸、硝酸、油酸、乳清酸、草酸、棕榈酸、帕莫酸(pamoic acid)、磷酸、丙酸、L-焦谷氨酸、水杨酸、4-氨基-水杨酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、硫酸、鞣酸、酒石酸(例如,(+)-L-酒石酸)、硫氰酸、十一碳烯酸和戊酸。
还涵盖的是这些化合物及其盐的任何溶剂化物。优选的溶剂化物是通过将非毒性药学上可接受的溶剂(在下文被称为溶剂化溶剂)的分子并入本发明的化合物的固态结构(例如,晶体结构)中而形成的溶剂化物。这样的溶剂的实例包括水、醇(诸如,乙醇、异丙醇和丁醇)和二甲基亚砜。可以通过用溶剂或含有溶剂化溶剂的溶剂的混合物将本发明的化合物重结晶来制备溶剂化物。在任何给定情况下是否已经形成溶剂化物可以通过使用熟知的技术和标准的技术诸如热重分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和X-射线晶体学使化合物的晶体经历分析来确定。
所述溶剂化物可以是化学计量的溶剂化物或非化学计量的溶剂化物。特定的溶剂化物可以是水合物,并且水合物的实例包括半水合物、一水合物和二水合物。对于溶剂化物以及用于制备并表征它们的方法的更详细的讨论,参见Bryn等人,Solid-State Chemistryof Drugs,第二版,由SSCI,Inc of West Lafayette,IN,USA出版,1999,ISBN 0-967-06710-3。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“药物组合物”意指包含活性剂并且另外包含一种或更多种药学上可接受的载体的组合物。取决于施用模式的性质和剂型,组合物还可以包含选自例如稀释剂、佐剂、赋形剂、媒介物、防腐剂、填充剂、崩解剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂、增香剂(perfuming agent)、抗细菌剂、抗真菌剂、润滑剂和分散剂的成分。组合物可以采取例如以下的形式:片剂;糖衣丸;粉剂;酏剂;糖浆剂;液体制品,包括悬浮液、喷雾剂、吸入剂、片剂、锭剂、乳液、溶液、扁囊剂、颗粒剂、胶囊和栓剂;以及注射用液体制品,包括脂质体制品。
本发明的化合物可以包含一个或更多个同位素取代,并且提及特定元素包括在其范围内该元素的所有同位素。例如,提及氢包括在其范围内的1H、2H(D)和3H(T)。类似地,提及碳和氧分别包括在其范围内的12C、13C和14C以及16O和18O。以类似的方式,除非上下文另外指示,否则提及特定官能团还包括在其范围内的同位素变型。例如,提及烷基基团诸如乙基基团或烷氧基基团诸如甲氧基基团还覆盖其中基团中的一个或更多个氢原子呈氘或氚同位素形式的变型,例如,如在其中所有五个氢原子都呈氘同位素形式的乙基基团(全氘化乙基基团(perdeuteroethyl group)),或其中所有三个氢原子都呈氘同位素形式的甲氧基基团(三氘化甲氧基基团)中。同位素可以是放射性的或非放射性的。
治疗剂量可以取决于患者的需要、待治疗的状况的严重程度和所采用的化合物而变化。对特定情况适合的剂量的确定在本领域的技术范围内。通常,以小于化合物的最佳剂量的较小的剂量开始治疗。此后,以小的增量增加剂量,直到达到在这种情况下的最佳效果。为方便起见,如果需要,可以将每日总剂量分开并且在一日期间分批施用。
当然,化合物的有效剂量的大小(magnitude)将随着待治疗的状况的严重程度的性质并且随着特定化合物及其施用途径而变化。适合的剂量的选择在本领域普通技术人员的能力之内,而没有过度的负担。通常,每日剂量范围可以是每kg人类体重和非人类动物体重从约10μg至约30mg,优选地每kg人类体重和非人类动物体重从约50μg至约30mg,例如每kg人类体重和非人类动物体重从约50μg至约10mg,例如每kg人类体重和非人类动物体重从约100μg至约30mg,例如每kg人类体重和非人类动物体重从约100μg至约10mg,并且最优选地每kg人类体重和非人类动物体重从约100μg至约1mg。
药物制剂
虽然单独施用活性化合物是可能的,但是优选的是将其作为药物组合物(例如,制剂)提供。
因此,在本发明的另一种实施方案中,提供了一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含至少一种如上文所定义的式(1)的化合物连同至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
该组合物可以是片剂组合物。该组合物可以是胶囊组合物。
药学上可接受的赋形剂可以选自例如,载体(例如固体载体、液体载体或半固体载体)、佐剂、稀释剂(例如固体稀释剂,诸如填充剂或疏松剂(bulking agent);和液体稀释剂,诸如溶剂和共溶剂)、粒化剂、粘合剂(binder)、助流剂(flow aid)、包衣剂(coatingagent)、释放控制剂(例如,释放延缓聚合物或蜡或释放延迟聚合物或蜡)、粘合剂(bindingagent)、崩解剂、缓冲剂、润滑剂、防腐剂、抗真菌剂和抗细菌剂、抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、张力调节剂、增稠剂、调味剂、甜味剂、颜料、增塑剂、掩味剂、稳定剂或常规用于药物组合物中的任何其他赋形剂。
如本文使用的术语“药学上可接受的”意指在合理医学判断的范围内的适合用于与受试者(例如,人类受试者)的组织接触而无过度毒性、刺激性、过敏反应或其他的问题或并发症,与合理的益处/风险比相称的化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。每种赋形剂必须在与制剂的其他成分相容的意义上也是“可接受的”。
包含式(1)的化合物的药物组合物可以根据已知技术来配制,参见例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,PA,USA。药物组合物可以呈适合于口服施用、肠胃外施用、局部施用、鼻内施用、支气管内施用、舌下施用、眼部施用、耳部施用、直肠施用、阴道内施用或经皮施用的任何形式。
适合于口服施用的药物剂型包括片剂(包衣的或未包衣的)、胶囊(硬壳或软壳)、囊片、丸剂、锭剂、糖浆剂、溶液、粉剂、颗粒剂、酏剂和悬浮液、舌下片剂、糯米纸囊剂(wafer)或贴剂诸如口腔贴剂(buccal patch)。
片剂组合物可以包含单位剂量的活性化合物连同惰性稀释剂或载体,诸如糖或糖醇,例如乳糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇或甘露糖醇;和/或非糖源性的稀释剂,诸如碳酸钠、磷酸钙、碳酸钙、或纤维素或其衍生物,诸如微晶纤维素(MCC)、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素,以及淀粉诸如玉米淀粉。片剂还可以包含诸如以下的标准成分:粘合剂和粒化剂,诸如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;崩解剂(例如,可溶胀的交联聚合物,诸如交联的羧甲基纤维素);润滑剂(例如硬脂酸酯);防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸酯);抗氧化剂(例如BHT);缓冲剂(例如磷酸盐缓冲剂或柠檬酸盐缓冲剂);以及泡腾剂(effervescent agent),诸如柠檬酸盐/碳酸氢盐混合物。这样的赋形剂是熟知的,并且不需要在此详细地讨论。
片剂可以被设计成在与胃液接触时释放药物(立即释放片剂)或者在延长的时间段内或在GI道的特定区域内以受控的方式释放药物(受控释放片剂)。
药物组合物通常包含从约1%(w/w)至约95%(优选地%(w/w))的活性成分以及从99%(w/w)至5%(w/w)的药学上可接受的赋形剂(例如如上文所定义的)或这样的赋形剂的组合。优选地,该组合物包含从约20%(w/w)至约90%(w/w)的活性成分以及从80%(w/w)至10%的药学上可接受的赋形剂或赋形剂的组合。药物组合物包含从约1%至约95%、优选地从约20%至约90%的活性成分。根据本发明的药物组合物可以是例如呈单位剂量形式,诸如呈安瓿、小瓶、栓剂、预填充注射器、糖衣丸、粉剂、片剂或胶囊的形式。
片剂和胶囊可以包含例如0%-20%的崩解剂、0%-5%的润滑剂、0%-5%的助流剂和/或0%-99%(w/w)的填充剂或疏松剂(取决于药物剂量)。它们还可以包含0%-10%(w/w)的聚合物粘合剂、0%-5%(w/w)的抗氧化剂、0%-5%(w/w)的颜料。此外,缓慢释放片剂通常将包含0%-99%(w/w)的控制释放的(例如延迟释放的)聚合物(取决于剂量)。片剂或胶囊的膜包衣通常包含0%-10%(w/w)的聚合物、0%-3%(w/w)的颜料和/或0%-2%(w/w)的增塑剂。
肠胃外制剂通常包含0%-20%(w/w)的缓冲剂、0%-50%(w/w)的共溶剂和/或0%-99%(w/w)的注射用水(WFI)(取决于剂量和是否冷冻干燥)。用于肌肉内储库的制剂还可以包含0%-99%(w/w)的油。
药物制剂可以以在单个包装(通常是泡罩包装)内包含整个疗程的“患者包(patient pack)”提供给患者。
式(1)的化合物通常将以单位剂型呈现,并且因此通常将包含足够的化合物以提供期望水平的生物学活性。例如,制剂可以包含从1纳克至2克的活性成分,例如从1纳克至2毫克的活性成分。在这些范围内,化合物的特定子范围是0.1毫克至2克的活性成分(更通常地从10毫克至1克,例如50毫克至500毫克),或1微克至20毫克(例如1微克至10毫克,例如0.1毫克至2毫克的活性成分)。
对于口服组合物,单位剂型可以包含从1毫克至2克,更典型地10毫克至1克,例如50毫克至1克,例如100毫克至1克的活性化合物。
活性化合物将以足以实现期望的治疗效果的量(有效量)被施用至有相应需要的患者(例如人类患者或动物患者)。所施用的化合物的精确量可以由监督医师根据标准程序来确定。
实施例
现在将通过参考以下实施例来说明本发明,但不限制本发明。
实施例1至实施例101
已经制备了在下文表1中示出的实施例1至实施例101的化合物。在一些情况下,化合物作为立体异构体的混合物获得,实施例3、实施例6、实施例46、实施例47、实施例51、实施例92、实施例95、实施例96、实施例97、实施例98和实施例99涉及如表1和表2中所指示的这样的混合物。在其他情况下,化合物在指定或没有指定立体化学的情况下作为单一异构体获得。实施例17、实施例18、实施例48、实施例49、实施例86、实施例87、实施例93和实施例94涉及如表1中所指示的未指定的立体化学的单一异构体。
表1-实施例化合物
用于制备式(1)的化合物的方法
式(1)的化合物可以根据技术人员熟知的合成方法来制备。还提供了一种用于制备如上文式(1)中所定义的化合物的工艺。
方案1
式(1)的化合物可以如方案1中所概述来制备。式G1的酸与式G2的胺之间的酰胺键形成通常在合适的偶联剂诸如HATU和碱诸如N,N-二异丙基乙胺的存在下在溶剂诸如MeCN或二氯甲烷中进行,以产生期望的式G3的酰胺。用式G4(其中LG1代表合适的离去基团,通常是溴)的烷基化剂对醇G3进行烷基化。通常,烷基化反应在碱诸如NaH的存在下和在溶剂诸如THF中在从0℃至室温的范围内的温度进行以提供式(1)的化合物。可选择地,式(1)的化合物可以经由用式G5的醇置换合适的烷基化剂G4(其中LG2代表合适的离去基团,通常是甲磺酸酯)来制备。典型的条件包括在从0℃至70℃的范围内的温度使用碱诸如KOtBu和在溶剂诸如THF中。式G4的化合物可以经由式G3(其中LG2代表合适的离去基团,通常是甲磺酸酯)的相应醇的激活来制备。通常,反应在碱诸如三乙胺的存在下和在溶剂诸如二氯甲烷中在从0℃至室温的范围内的温度进行以提供式G4的化合物。
在其中A是被保护的羧酸基团(其中PG1代表合适的酸保护基团诸如甲基酯)的化合物中,可以使用与保护基团的性质相关的条件进一步脱保护。通常,在亲核碱诸如氢氧化锂的存在下在溶剂诸如MeOH或THF中水解甲基酯官能团提供式(7)的化合物。
技术人员将理解,在方案1中描绘的反应步骤可以根据需要以不同的方式组合,以成功制备期望的式(1)和式(7)的化合物。这可以包括另外的步骤,例如对整个合成程序(sequence)中的官能团修饰、保护和/或脱保护步骤。例如,式(7)的化合物可以如方案2中所示来制备。
用式G4(其中LG代表合适的离去基团,通常是溴)的烷基化剂对式G6(其中PG2代表合适的酸保护基团诸如甲基酯)的醇进行烷基化。通常,烷基化反应在碱诸如NaH的存在下和在溶剂诸如THF中在从0℃至室温的范围内的温度进行以提供式G7的醚。所得到的酯可以使用与保护基团PG2的性质相关的条件来脱保护,通常在亲核碱诸如氢氧化锂的存在下在溶剂诸如THF中水解甲基酯官能团,以提供式G8的酸。在酰胺偶联剂诸如HATU或EDCI和碱诸如三乙胺的存在下在溶剂诸如DCM或DMF中式G8的酸和式G2的胺之间的酰胺键形成反应提供式(1)的化合物。在其中A是被保护的羧酸基团的化合物中,脱保护可以如方案1中所描述来实现。
方案2
应当理解,上文方案和程序不意味着以任何方式是限制性的。事实上,上文方案和程序还可以用于制备本发明的化合物,其中例如,A是羧酸等排体基团。适合于“A基团”的方法和保护基团对于本领域技术人员是熟知的,例如三苯甲基基团可以用于保护四唑基团。另外,一种式1的化合物可以通过技术人员熟知的方法被转化为本发明的另一种化合物。用于将一种官能团转化为另一种官能团的合成程序的实例阐述于标准教科书中,诸如March的Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,第7版,MichaelB.Smith,John Wiley,2013,(ISBN:978-0-470-46259-1)、Organic Syntheses,OnlineEdition,www.orgsyn.org,(ISSN 2333-3553)和Fiesers的Reagents for OrganicSynthesis,第1-17卷,John Wiley,由Mary Fieser编辑(ISBN:0-471-58283-2)。
在上文描述的许多反应中,可能有必要保护一个或更多个基团,以防止反应在分子上的不合意的位置处发生。保护基团的实例以及保护官能团和脱保护官能团的方法可以在Greene′s Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第五版,编辑:Peter G.M.Wuts,John Wiley,2014,(ISBN:9781118057483)中找到。
通过前述方法制备的化合物可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的多种方法中的任一种来分离和纯化,并且这样的方法的实例包括重结晶和色谱技术,诸如在正相条件或反相条件下的柱色谱法(例如快速色谱法)、HPLC和SFC。
一般程序
在不包括制备型路线的情况下,相关中间体是可商购的。商业试剂在没有进一步纯化的情况下使用。最终化合物和中间体使用ChemDraw Professional,版本17.0.0.206(121)命名。室温(RT)指的是约20℃-27℃。在Bruker、Varian或Jeol仪器上在400MHz或500MHz记录1H NMR光谱。化学位移值以百万分率(ppm)表示,即(δ)-相对于以下溶剂的值:氯仿-d=7.26ppm,DMSO-d6=2.50ppm,甲醇-d4=3.31ppm。以下缩写用于NMR信号的多重性:s=单峰,br=宽峰,d=双重峰,t=三重峰,q=四重峰,m=多重峰。耦合常数作为以Hz测量的J值列出。对NMR和质谱结果进行校正以将背景峰考虑在内。色谱法指的是使用60目-120目或40μm-633μm、硅胶进行的并在氮气压力(快速色谱法)条件下执行的柱色谱法。在Biotage Initiator或CEM Discover微波反应器中进行微波介导的反应。
LC/MS分析
使用下文给出的仪器和方法在电喷雾条件下进行化合物的LC/MS分析:
LC/MS方法A和LC/MS方法B
仪器:具有二极管阵列检测器和Agilent MS 6120的Agilent 1260 Infinity LC;柱:Phenomenex Gemini-NX,C-18,3微米,30×2mm;方法A梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/2、0.1/2、8.4/95、10.0/95、10.1/2、12.0/2;方法B梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/5、2.0/95、2.5/95、2.6/5、3.0/5;溶剂:溶剂A=具有28%氨水溶液(2.5mL)的水(2.5L);溶剂B:具有水(125mL)和28%氨水溶液(2.5mL)的乙腈(2.5L);柱温度:40℃;流量:1.5mL/min。
LC/MS方法C
仪器:具有G1315A DAD的HP 1100,Waters Micromass ZQ;柱:PhenomenexGemini-NX C-18,3微米,2.0×30mm;梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/2、0.01/2、8.40/95、10.00/95;溶剂:溶剂A=2.5L H2O+2.5mL在H2O中28%氨的溶液;溶剂B=2.5LMeCN+135mL H2O+2.5mL在H2O中28%氨的溶液。注射体积1μL;UV检测230nm至400nm;质量检测130AMU至800AMU;柱温度45℃;流量1.5mL/min。
LC/MS方法D和LC/MS方法E
仪器:具有PDA检测器和QDa质量检测器的Aquity H-Class;柱:C-18,1.6微米,50×2.1mm;方法D梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/3、0.20/3、2.70/98、3.00/100、3.50/100、3.51/3、4.00/4;方法E梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/5、0.20/5、1.80/98、2.00/100、2.50/100、2.15/5、3.00/5;溶剂:溶剂A=在水中的0.1%甲酸;溶剂B=在乙腈中的0.1%甲酸:水(90:10);柱温度:35℃;流量:1mL/min。
LC/MS方法F
仪器:Agilent Infinity II G6125C LCMS;柱:C-18,3.5微米,50×4.6mm;梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/8、0.75/8、3.00/70、3.70/95、4.20/100、5.20/100、5.21/8、7.00/8;溶剂:溶剂A=5mM含水碳酸氢铵;溶剂B=甲醇;柱温度:35℃;流量:0.9mL/min。
LC/MS方法G
仪器:Agilent Infinity II G6125C LCMS;柱:C-18,3.5微米,50×4.6mm;梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/5、1.00/5、3.00/60、4.50/90、7.00/100、8.00/100、8.01/5、10.0/5;溶剂:溶剂A=在水中的0.1%氨;溶剂B=乙腈;柱温度:35℃;流量:1.0mL/min。
LC/MS方法H
仪器:具有996PDA检测器的Waters Alliance 2690与Micromass ZQ;柱:C-18,3.5微米,150×4.6mm;梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/10、7.00/90、9.00/100、14.0/100、14.01/10、17.00/10;溶剂:溶剂A=5mM含水乙酸铵和0.1%甲酸;溶剂B=甲醇;柱温度:35℃;流量:1.0mL/min。
LC/MS方法I
仪器:配备有PDA检测器和SQ检测器的Waters Aquity UPLC Binary;柱:WatersSunfire C18,3.5微米,150×4.6mm;等度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/70、20.00/70;溶剂:溶剂A=5mM含水乙酸铵+0.1%甲酸;溶剂B=甲醇;柱温度:35℃;流量:1mL/min。
分析型SFC方法J
仪器:具有Masslynx软件、PDA检测器和QDa质量检测器的Waters Acquity UPC2;柱:Phenomenex Lux Amylose-1,3μm,50×2mm;波长:从210nm至400nm检测;梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/3、3.00/50、4.00/50、5.00/3;溶剂:溶剂A=CO2;溶剂B=IPA;柱温度:45℃;流量:1.5mL/min。
分析型手性HPLC方法K
仪器:Shimadzu LC 20AD;柱:CHIRALPAK IG,5μm,250×4.6mm;等度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.00/20、30.00/20;溶剂:溶剂A=正庚烷;溶剂B=2-丙醇∶ACN(70∶30);柱温度:RT;流量:1mL/min。
在路个本文件中使用的缩写
aq 含水的
Bn 苄基
DCM 二氯甲烷
DMA 二甲基乙酰胺
DMF 二甲基甲酰胺
dppf 1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁
EDCI 1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
HATU 1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐
HCl 盐酸
HOBt 羟基苯并三唑
HPLC 高效液相色谱法
h/hr 小时(hour)
hrs 小时(hours)
IPA 异丙醇
LC/MS 液相色谱法/质谱法
LiOH 氢氧化锂
M 体积摩尔浓度(molar)
MeCN 乙腈
MeOH 甲醇
Min 分钟
MTBE 甲基叔丁基醚
N 正相(normal)
NaOH 氢氧化钠
NaH 氢化钠
prep HPLC 制备型高效液相色谱法
RM 反应混合物
RT 室温
sat 饱和的
THF 四氢呋喃
UPLC 超高效液相色谱法
V 体积
用于实施例的一般合成程序
路线A
用于制备实施例1,4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):向中间体1,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(11.3g,40.6mmol)和叔丁醇钾(5.01g,44.7mmol)在DMF(100mL)中的冰冷溶液中添加4-(三氟甲基)苄基溴(10.7g,44.7mmol)。将混合物加热至室温并且搅拌持续6小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,用盐水洗涤(×2),经MgSO4干燥并浓缩。粗制材料通过在异己烷中的EtOAc(0%至50%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(正相,二氧化硅)来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的4-[(1S)-1-[[(2R)-3-甲基-2-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲氧基]丁酰基]氨基]乙基]苯甲酸甲酯(8.93g,20.4mmol,50%收率)。(LC/MS方法B):m/z 438[M+H]+(ES+),在1.75min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):向4-[(1S)-1-[[(2R)-3-甲基-2-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲氧基]丁酰基]氨基]乙基]苯甲酸甲酯(7.44g,17.0mmol)在水(28mL)和甲醇(15mL)中的溶液中添加氢氧化钠(3.40g,85.0mmol),并且将反应混合物加热至70℃持续5小时。将混合物冷却至室温并且在乙酸乙酯和1M HCl之间分配。将有机物分离,经由穿过疏水性熔块(hydrophobicfrit)干燥并浓缩。粗制材料由二乙醚研磨,并且然后从最小量的沸腾异丙醇中重结晶,以提供作为白色固体的实施例1,4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(3.12g,7.4mmol,43.3%收率)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线B
用于制备实施例2,(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):向中间体5(R)-4-(1-(2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(212mg,0.73mmol)在THF(3.6ml)中的冰冷混合物中添加NaH(在矿物油中的60%分散体)(32mg,0.8mmol),并且将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续10分钟,之后添加中间体311-(溴甲基)-4-(三氟甲基)苯(192mg,0.8mmol)。将反应在室温搅拌持续18小时,然后在水和EtOAc之间分配,将有机物分离,用盐水洗涤,干燥(疏水性熔块)并浓缩。粗制材料通过快速柱色谱法(正相)[梯度在异己烷中的0%-45%EtOAc]来纯化,以给出作为橙色固体的(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(76mg,0.17mmol,23%收率)。LC/MS(方法C):m/z 450[M+H]+,1.73min。
步骤(ii):将(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(76mg,0.17mmol)悬浮在1,4-二噁烷(0.4mL)和水(0.4mL)中,并且添加氢氧化锂一水合物(28mg,0.68mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续18小时,然后在真空中浓缩。粗制材料通过快速柱色谱法(反相)[梯度在水中的10%-45%MeOH和0.2%28%NH4OH(含水)溶液]来纯化。以给出作为白色固体的实施例2(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸(36mg,0.08mmol,49%)。数据在表2中可获得。
实施例2的可选择的路线
步骤(i):在0℃,将在干燥的THF(10V)中的R-2-羟基-3-甲基-丁酸甲酯(25g,1.0当量)置于烧瓶中。然后添加四丁基碘化铵(0.1当量)和中间体311-(溴甲基)-4-(三氟甲基)苯(44g,1.0当量),将RM搅拌持续15min,然后分批添加NaH(1.5当量),其中温度始终保持在0℃。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌持续1小时,然后将RM在室温搅拌持续4小时。在反应完成之后,将反应混合物用冰冷的水(10V)猝灭,并且将产物用MTBE(3V×3)萃取,将萃取物合并并且在真空下蒸发,以提供40g的粗制产物。粗制化合物通过使用60目-120目硅胶的柱色谱法来纯化,并且将产物在1%-2%乙酸乙酯和己烷体系中洗脱,以提供作为粘稠液体的(R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酸甲酯25g。
步骤(ii):在室温,将在THF(3V)中的(R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酸甲酯(75g,1.0当量)用LiOH(1.5当量)和水(1.5V)处理,并且然后在80℃搅拌持续4小时。在反应完成之后,将THF在真空下蒸发,并且将获得的残余物置于水(5V)中并用MTBE(5V)洗涤。然后用1N含水的HCl(pH~2)将水层酸化。然后将产物用DCM(20V×2)萃取。将合并的有机层在真空下蒸发,以获得(R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酸(62g)。该化合物在没有任何进一步纯化的情况下用于下一个步骤。
步骤(iii):在0℃,将在DMF(10V)中的(R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酸(62g,1.0当量)置于烧瓶中,随后在相同的温度添加HATU(1.5当量)、4-(1-氨基环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(1.0当量)和DIPEA(3.0当量)。然后允许反应混合物在继续搅拌的情况下加热至室温。在反应完成之后,将反应混合物倒入水(10V)中。将所获得的固体过滤,用冷却的水(2V)洗涤并且在真空下干燥,以给出105g的粗制产物。粗制化合物通过使用60目-120目硅胶的柱色谱法来纯化,并且将产物在10%-15%乙酸乙酯和己烷体系中洗脱,以提供作为粘稠液体的(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯58g。
步骤(iv):将在THF(3V)和水(1.5V)中的(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(58g,1.0当量)置于烧瓶中。将反应混合物冷却至0℃-5℃,随后在30min的时间段内在相同的温度分批添加氢氧化锂一水合物(3.0当量)。然后在30min的时间段内将反应混合物加热至80℃,并且在80℃进一步搅拌持续4小时。在反应完成之后,将溶剂在真空下蒸发。然后将水(5V)添加到反应混合物中。将该水层用MTBE(5V)洗涤。然后用1N含水的HCl(pH:2至3)将水层酸化,并且将产物在乙酸乙酯(20V×3)中萃取。将合并的有机层用水洗涤并且在真空下蒸发,以给出作为灰白色固体的实施例2(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸(43g)。
另外的纯化-该材料和来自另外的批次的材料(79g)通过溶解在庚烷(10V)中并加热至80℃,随后在相同的温度添加IPA(3V)来进一步纯化。然后允许混合物冷却至室温并且搅拌持续30min。将所获得的固体过滤,用正庚烷(3V)洗涤并且在真空下干燥(这被重复两次)。将合并的产物材料(85g)在室温悬浮在正庚烷(425mL,5V)中并且搅拌持续30min。将固体过滤,用正庚烷(2V)洗涤并且在真空下干燥,以给出实施例2(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸(82g)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线C
用于制备实施例5,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):在氮气气氛下在0℃,向NaH(在矿物油中的60%)(0.071g,1.77mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的悬浮液中添加中间体1,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.45g,1.61mmol)。将混合物在相同的温度搅拌持续10分钟,之后添加1-(溴甲基)-4-氟苯(0.36g,1.93mmol)。将混合物加热至室温并且搅拌持续3小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥并且浓缩。残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-62%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.38g,0.99mmol,61%收率)。(LC/MS方法D):m/z 388[M+H]+(ES+),在2.67min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):向4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.38g,0.98mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(4mL)和水(2mL)中的溶液中添加氢氧化锂一水合物(0.21g,4.90mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续5小时,之后用冰乙酸将混合物酸化至pH 4并且在减压下浓缩。残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-50%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为灰白色固体的实施例5,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(0.28g,0.75mmol,76%)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线D
用于制备实施例6,4-((1S)-1-(2-((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体的混合物的程序
在0℃,向(4-甲氧基苯基)甲醇(0.20g,1.47mmol)在THF(3.5mL)中的溶液中添加叔丁醇钾,并且将混合物在相同的温度搅拌持续20分钟。添加中间体3,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.35g,0.98mmol),并且将混合物在80℃搅拌持续4小时,之后将混合物冷却至室温并在EtOAc和水之间分配。将水层分离,用1N HCl酸化至pH 1并且用EtOAc(×2)萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥并且浓缩。注意部分酯水解在反应中发生。残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-36%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的实施例6,4-((1S)-1-(2-((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(0.13g,0.33mmol,34%收率)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线E
用于制备实施例11,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氯苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):在氮气气氛下在0℃,向NaH(在矿物油中的~60%)(0.05g,1.34mmol)在DMF(2mL)中的悬浮液中添加中间体1,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.25g,0.89mmol)。将混合物在相同的温度搅拌持续15分钟,之后添加1-(溴甲基)-4-氯苯(0.27g,1.34mmol)。将混合物加热至室温并且搅拌持续1小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥并且浓缩。残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-90%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为粘性液体的4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氯苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.143g,0.35mmol,40%收率)。(LC/MS方法E):m/z 404[M+H]+(ES+),在1.91min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):向4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氯苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.14g,0.35mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(2mL)和水(1mL)中的溶液中添加氢氧化锂一水合物(70mg,1.77mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续3小时,之后用冰乙酸将混合物酸化至pH 4并且在减压下浓缩。残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-56%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为棕色固体的实施例11,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-氯苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(100mg,0.26mmol,74%收率)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线F
用于制备实施例13,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-(二氟甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):在氮气气氛下在0℃,向NaH(在矿物油中的~60%)(0.08g,2.15mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的悬浮液中添加中间体1,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.20g,0.71mmol)。将混合物在相同的温度搅拌持续15分钟,之后添加1-(溴甲基)-4-(二氟甲基)苯(0.23g,1.07mmol)。将混合物在0℃搅拌持续2小时,之后通过添加1N HCl将混合物酸化至pH 1并且然后在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥并浓缩,并且残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-72%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的实施例11,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((4-(二氟甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(82mg,0.20mmol,29%收率)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线G
用于制备实施例17,4-((1S)-1-(2-((3-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体1和实施例18,4-((1S)-1-(2-((3-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体2的程序
步骤(i):4-((1S)-1-(2-((3-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(110mg,根据路线E合成)经由手性制备型HPLC[Chiralpak IG,21×250mm,5μm,23mL/min;梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.01/8、40.00/8;溶剂:溶剂A=在己烷中的0.1%TFA和0.1%二乙胺;溶剂B=甲醇∶IPA(60∶40)]分离成单一非对映异构体,以提供作为白色固体的4-((1S)-1-(2-((3-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体1(29mg,0.078mmol)和作为白色固体的4-((1S)-1-(2-((3-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体2(29mg,0.078mmol)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线H
用于制备实施例42,(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)乙基)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺的程序
步骤(i):在氮气气氛下在0℃,向NaH(在矿物油中的~60%)(45mg,1.11mmol)在DMF(3mL)中的悬浮液中添加中间体4,(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-氰基苯基)乙基)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰胺(0.25g,1.01mmol)。将混合物在相同的温度搅拌持续15分钟,之后添加1-(溴甲基)-4-氟苯(0.29g,1.52mmol)并且将混合物在室温搅拌持续2小时。使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配并且将有机物分离。将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取,并且将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥,然后浓缩。残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-74%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为黄色固体的(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-氰基苯基)乙基)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺(0.20g,0.56mmol,56%收率)。(LC/MS方法E):m/z 355[M+H]+(ES+),在1.73min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):将(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-氰基苯基)乙基)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺(0.10g,0.28mmol)、NaN3(0.11g,1.69mmol)和NH4Cl(90mg,1.69mmol)在DMF(1mL)中的混合物加热至80℃持续7小时。将混合物冷却至室温,然后在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥、浓缩,并且粗制材料通过在水中的MeCN(0%-45%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为黄色固体的实施例42,((R)-N-((S)-1-(4-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯基)乙基)-2-((4-氟苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰胺(0.064g,57.06%)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线I
用于制备实施例45,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-(羟甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):在氮气气氛下在0℃,向NaHH(在矿物油中的~60%)(24mg,0.60mmol)在DMF(2mL)中的悬浮液中添加中间体1,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.15g,0.54mmol)。将混合物在相同的温度搅拌持续10分钟,之后添加3-(溴甲基)苯甲醛(0.16g,0.81mmol)。将混合物加热至室温并且搅拌持续2小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥并且浓缩。残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-74%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为灰白色固体的4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-甲酰基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.14g,0.35mmol,66%收率)。(LC/MS方法D):m/z 398[M+H]+(ES+),在2.46min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):向4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-甲酰基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.13g,0.33mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(1mL)和水(0.5mL)中的溶液中添加氢氧化锂一水合物(70mg,1.64mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续2小时,之后用1N HC1将混合物酸化至pH 1并且在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,将酸性水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取并且将合并的有机物浓缩,以提供作为灰白色固体的4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-甲酰基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(0.13g,0.33mmol,100%收率)。(LC/MS方法D):m/z 384[M+H]+(ES+),在2.15min时,UV活性。
步骤(iii):在0℃,向4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-甲酰基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(0.12g,0.31mmol)在MeOH(3mL)中的溶液中添加NaBH4(0.12g,0.31mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续1小时,之后用1N HCl将混合物酸化至pH 1并且在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将酸性水层用EtOAc进一步萃取。将合并的有机物浓缩,并且残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-35%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的实施例45,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-(羟甲基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(60mg,0.16mmol,50%收率)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线J
用于制备实施例47,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):在0℃在氮气气氛下,将中间体35,(4-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苯基)甲醇(0.30g,1.82mmol)添加到NaH(在矿物油中的~60%)(0.08g,2.01mmol)在DMF(3mL)中的搅拌悬浮液中,并且将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续15min。然后添加中间体3,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.91g,2.56mmol)并且允许反应混合物在室温搅拌持续2小时。将反应混合物用饱和的含水NH4Cl溶液(3mL)猝灭,并且使反应混合物在水(70mL)和EtOAc(60mL)之间分配。将水层用EtOAc(2×25mL)进一步萃取。将有机层合并并且干燥(Na2SO4)。在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制产物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至57%ACN洗脱,以提供作为黄色粘性固体的粗制的4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.11g,15%)。(LC/MS方法D):m/z 426[M+H]+(ES+),在2.17min和2.21min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):在室温,向4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.11g,0.27mmol)在二噁烷(1.0mL)和水(1.0mL)中的溶液中添加LiOH一水合物(0.034g,0.81mmol),并且允许反应混合物在室温搅拌持续3小时。然后用冰乙酸(0.3mL)将反应混合物酸化以调节至pH~4并且在真空中浓缩。所获得的粗制产物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至35%ACN洗脱,以提供作为白色固体的纯的实施例47,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(0.042g,39%)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线K
用于制备实施例48,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体1和实施例49,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基.-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体2的程序
步骤(i):在室温在氮气气氛下,将中间体36,(3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苯基)甲醇(0.10g,0.60mmol)在THF(1mL)中的溶液添加到叔丁醇钾(0.20g,1.82mmol)在THF(2mL)中的搅拌的悬浮液中,并且将反应混合物搅拌持续15min。添加中间体3,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.32g,0.91mol),并且允许反应混合物在室温搅拌持续3小时。使反应混合物在水(30mL)和EtOAc(50mL)之间分配。将水层用EtOAc(2×30mL)进一步萃取。将有机层合并并且干燥(Na2SO4),在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制产物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至67%ACN洗脱,以提供作为无色粘性固体的纯的4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.060g,16%)。(LC/MS方法D):m/z 426[M+H]+(ES+),在2.15min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):在室温,将LiOH一水合物(0.030g,0.70mmol)添加到4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.060g,0.14mmol)在二噁烷(1.0mL)和水(0.5mL)中的溶液中,并且允许反应混合物在室温搅拌持续3小时。然后用冰乙酸(0.3mL)将反应混合物酸化以调节至pH~4并且在真空中浓缩。所获得的粗制产物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至56%ACN洗脱,以提供作为无色粘性固体的纯的4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(0.045g,78%)。(LC/MS方法D):m/z 412[M+H]+(ES+),在1.87min&1.89min时,UV活性。
非对映异构体分离:4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸经由手性制备型HPLC[Chiralpak IG SFC,21×250mm,5μm,16mL/min;梯度[时间(min)/在A中的溶剂B(%)]:0.01/20、45.00/20;溶剂:溶剂A=正庚烷;溶剂B=甲醇∶IPA(30∶70)]分离成单一非对映异构体,以提供作为灰白色固体的实施例47,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体1,(0.010g,22%)和作为白色固体的实施例48,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体2,(0.0091g,20%)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线L
用于制备实施例38,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-羟基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):在室温,将K2CO3(0.08g,0.58mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(0.017g,0.014mmol)添加到4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-烯丙氧基)苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)-苯甲酸(0.12g,0.29mmol)在二氯甲烷(2mL)和甲醇(2mL)中的溶液中。然后将反应加热至50℃持续4小时。将反应混合物在真空中浓缩以获得粗制产物,该粗制产物通过两次反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0.1%FA中的0%至56%ACN洗脱,以提供作为灰白色固体的纯的实施例38,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-((3-羟基苄基)氧基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)-苯甲酸(0.045g,40%)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线M
用于制备实施例51,4-((1S)-1-((2R)-3-甲基-2-(1-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)乙氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):在0℃在氮气气氛下,将中间体1,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.20g,0.71mmol)添加到NaH(在矿物油中的~60%)(0.034g,0.85mmol)在DMF(4mL)中的搅拌的悬浮液中,并且将反应混合物在0℃搅拌持续10min。在此时间之后,添加中间体39,1-(1-溴乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)苯(0.27g,1.07mmol)并且将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续4小时。然后使反应混合物在饱和的含水NH4Cl溶液(40mL)和EtOAc(30mL)之间分配。将水层用EtOAc(2×50mL)进一步萃取。将有机层合并并且干燥(Na2SO4),在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制产物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至46%ACN洗脱以提供粗制产物,该粗制产物通过制备型TLC使用70%EtOAc:己烷进一步纯化,以产生作为棕色粘性固体的纯的实施例51,4-((1S)-1-((2R)-3-甲基-2-(1-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)乙氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(0.020g,6.4%)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线N
用于制备实施例53,4-((S)-1-((R)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)-N-(甲基磺酰基)苯甲酰胺的程序
步骤(i):向实施例1,4-[(1S)-1-[[(2R)-3-甲基-2-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲氧基]丁酰基]氨基]乙基]苯甲酸(150mg,0.350mmol)、DMAP(129.84mg,1.06mmol)和EDCI(101.86mg,0.530mmol)在DCM(1.5mL)中的溶液中添加甲磺酰胺(84.24mg,0.890mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续3天,之后将其用DCM稀释。将混合物用水和盐水洗涤,干燥(熔块)并且浓缩。粗制材料通过以在具有0.2%的28%氨溶液的水中的5%-85%ACN洗脱的反相HPLC(Gilson半制备型HPLC系统,Gemini-NX,5μm,C18,100×30mm)来纯化,以提供作为无色油的实施例53,N-甲基磺酰基-4-[(1S)-1-[[(2R)-3-甲基-2-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲氧基]丁酰基]氨基]乙基]苯甲酰胺(99mg,56%收率)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线O
用于制备实施例73,(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丁基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):向中间体43,(2R)-N-[1-(4-氰基苯基)环丁基]-2-羟基-3-甲基-丁酰胺(109mg,0.400mmol)和叔丁醇钾(49.4mg,0.440mmol)的冰冷溶液中添加中间体31,4-(三氟甲基)苄基溴(105mg,0.440mmol),并且将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续4小时。使反应混合物在乙酸乙酯和水之间分配,之后将有机物分离,用盐水洗涤,干燥(熔块)并且浓缩。残余物通过快速柱色谱法(正相,[5.9×2.0cm(10g)],SNAP KP-Sil-50μm不规则二氧化硅,30mL/min,[梯度在异己烷中的0%至50%乙酸乙酯])来纯化,以提供作为无色油的(R)-N-(1-(4-氰基苯基)环丁基)-3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰胺(109mg,63%收率)。(LC/MS方法B):m/z 431[M+H]+(ES+),在1.76min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):将(R)-N-(1-(4-氰基苯基)环丁基)-3-甲基-2-((4-三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰胺(109mg,0.250mmol)在5M(含水)氢氧化钠(0.8mL,4mmol)和乙醇(0.42mL)中的悬浮液加热至回流持续18小时,之后将其浓缩。使粗制材料在乙酸乙酯和1M HCl之间分配,干燥(熔块)并且浓缩。粗制材料通过以在具有0.2%的28%氨溶液的水中的50%-80%ACN洗脱的在碱性条件下的反相HPLC(Gilson半制备型HPLC系统,Gemini-NX,5μm,C18,100×30mm)来纯化,以提供实施例73,(R)-4-(1-(3-甲基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)丁酰氨基)环丁基)苯甲酸(3mg,2.6%收率),将其刮擦以给出白色固体。数据在表2中可获得。
路线P
用于制备实施例92,4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸;实施例93,4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体1和实施例94,4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸,非对映异构体2的程序。
步骤(i):向2-环丁基-2-羟基-乙酸甲酯(100mg,0.69mmol)和叔丁醇钾(85mg,0.76mmol)在DMF(3.5mL)中的冰冷溶液中添加4-(三氟甲基)苄基溴(182mg,0.76mmol),并且将反应混合物加热至室温并且搅拌持续18小时。使反应混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配,之后将有机物分离,用盐水洗涤,经由穿过疏水性熔块干燥并且浓缩。粗制材料通过快速柱色谱法(正相)[梯度在异己烷中的0%-40%EtOAc]来纯化,以提供作为无色油的2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酸甲酯(79mg,0.26mmol,38%)。LC/MS(方法B):m/z 303[M+H]+(ES+),在1.79min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):向2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酸甲酯(79mg,0.26mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(0.6mL)和水(0.6mL)中的悬浮液中添加氢氧化锂一水合物(44mg,1.06mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续18小时,然后浓缩。使粗制材料在1M HCl(含水)和EtOAc之间分配,并且将有机物分离。将水层用EtOAc进一步萃取,并且将合并的有机物经由穿过疏水性熔块干燥并且浓缩,以提供作为无色油的2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酸(76mg,0.26mmol,定量)。粗制材料在没有任何进一步纯化的情况下使用。LC/MS(方法B):m/z 311[M+Na]+(ES+),在0.68min时,UV活性。
步骤(iii):将4-[(1S)-1-氨基乙基]苯甲酸甲酯(51mg,0.29mmol)、2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酸(76mg,0.26mmol)、EDC(76mg,0.40mmol)和HOBt一水合物(4mg,0.03mmol)溶解在DCM(0.8mL)中,之后将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续10分钟。在0℃,逐滴添加三乙胺(0.09mL,0.66mmol),并且将反应混合物加热至室温并且搅拌持续18小时。使反应混合物在水和EtOAc之间分配,并且将有机物分离,用1M HCl(含水)、饱和的NaHCO3(含水)和盐水洗涤。将有机物经由穿过疏水性熔块干燥并且浓缩。粗制材料通过快速柱色谱法(正相)[梯度在异己烷中的0%-50%EtOAc]来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(82mg,0.18mmol,69%)。LC/MS(方法B):m/z 450[M+H]+(ES+),在1.77min时,UV活性。
步骤(iv):向在1,4-二噁烷(0.5mL)和水(0.5mL)中的4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(82mg,0.18mmol)的悬浮液中添加氢氧化锂一水合物(30mg,0.73mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续18小时,然后浓缩。使粗制材料在1M HCl(含水)和EtOAc之间分配,并且将有机物分离。将水层用EtOAc进一步萃取,并且将合并的有机物经由穿过疏水性熔块干燥并且浓缩。粗制材料通过快速柱色谱法(正相)[梯度在DCM(0.1%乙酸)中的0%-6%MeOH]来纯化,分离成作为白色固体的实施例92,外消旋的4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸。数据在表2中可获得。
步骤(v):实施例92,外消旋的4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸经由手性制备型SFC[Phenomenex Lux Amylose-1,250×21.2mm,5μm]和等度条件CO2∶EtOH(0.1%NH3)80∶20分离成单一非对映异构体,以提供作为白色固体的实施例93,4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(19mg,0.04mmol,46%)和作为白色固体的实施例94,4-((1S)-1-(2-环丁基-2-((4-(三氟甲基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸(19mg,0.04mmol,46%)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线Q
用于制备实施例95,4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸的程序
步骤(i):向在DMF(3.3mL)中的中间体58,4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(150mg,0.49mmol)和叔丁醇钾(61mg,0.54mmol)的冰冷溶液中添加1-(溴甲基)-3-甲基磺酰基-苯(135mg,0.54mmol),并且将反应混合物加热至室温并搅拌持续18小时。使反应混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配,并且将有机物分离,用盐水洗涤,经由穿过疏水性熔块干燥并浓缩。粗制材料通过以在具有0.2%的28%氨溶液的水中的40%-70%ACN洗脱的在碱性条件下的反相HPLC(Gilson半制备型HPLC系统,Gemini-NX,5μm,C18,100×30mm)来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(34mg,0.07mmol,14%)。LC/MS(方法B):m/z 472[M+H]+(ES+),在1.35min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):向在1,4-二噁烷(0.2mL)和水(0.2mL)中的4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(34mg,0.07mmol)的悬浮液中添加氢氧化锂一水合物(12mg,0.29mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续18小时,然后浓缩。使粗制材料在1M HCl(含水)和EtOAc之间分配,并且将有机物分离。将水层用EtOAc进一步萃取,并且将合并的有机物经由穿过疏水性熔块干燥并且浓缩。粗制材料通过快速柱色谱法(正相)[梯度:在DCM(0.1%乙酸)中的0-6%MeOH]来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的实施例95,4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-甲基磺酰基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸(20mg,0.04mmol,60%)。数据在表2中可获得。
路线R
用于制备实施例99,4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸;实施例100,(S)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸和实施例101,(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸的程序。
步骤(i):向在DMF(3.3mL)中的中间体58,4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(150mg,0.49mmol)和叔丁醇钾(61mg,0.54mmol)的冰冷溶液中添加1-(溴甲基)-3-(二氟甲氧基)苯(128mg,0.54mmol),并且将反应混合物加热至室温并搅拌持续18小时。使反应混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配,之后将有机物分离,用盐水洗涤,经由穿过疏水性熔块干燥并浓缩。粗制材料通过快速柱色谱法(正相)[梯度在异己烷中的0%-60%EtOAc]来纯化,以提供作为无色油的4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(130mg,0.28mmol,57%)。LC/MS(方法B):m/z 460[M+H]+(ES+),在1.62min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):向在1,4-二噁烷(1.5mL)和水(1.5mL)中的4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(276mg,0.60mmol)的悬浮液中添加氢氧化锂一水合物(100mg,2.40mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续18小时,然后浓缩。使粗制材料在1M HCl(含水)和EtOAc之间分配,并且将有机物分离。将水层用EtOAc进一步萃取,并且将合并的有机物经由穿过疏水性熔块干燥并且浓缩。粗制材料通过以在具有0.2%的28%氨溶液的水中的15%-25%ACN洗脱的在碱性条件下的反相HPLC(Gilson半制备型HPLC系统,Gemini-NX,5μm,C18,100×30mm)来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的实施例99,外消旋的4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸(146mg,0.33mmol,54%)。数据在表2中可获得。
步骤(iii):使用手性制备型SFC[Phenomenex Lux Amylose-1,250×21.2mm,5μm]和等度条件CO2∶IPA 70∶30,将实施例99,外消旋的4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸分离,以提供作为白色固体的实施例100,(S)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸(47mg,0.33mmol,34%)和作为白色固体的实施例101,(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸(47mg,0.33mmol,34%)。数据在表2中可获得。实施例100(1.99min)和实施例101(2.05min)的分析型SFC(方法J)用于示出使用路线R制备的此批次的实施例101与使用路线S制备的实施例101(2.04min)的批次匹配。
路线S
用于制备实施例101,(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸的可选择的程序
步骤(i):在0℃,向在水(100mL)和含水H2SO4溶液(0.5M,180mL)中的2-氨基-2-环丁基乙酸(10.0g,77.5mmol)的溶液中添加亚硝酸钠(32g,465.1mmol),并且将反应混合物加热至室温并搅拌持续16小时。使反应混合物在水和THF之间分配。将水层用THF进一步萃取四次。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4)并且浓缩。将粗制残余物用EtOAc洗涤并且将滤液浓缩,以提供作为黄色液体的粗制的2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酸(8.0g,61.5mmol,79%)。此材料在没有进一步纯化的情况下使用。
步骤(ii):在0℃,向在ACN(70mL)中的2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酸(6.88g,52.8mmol)和4-(1-氨基环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐(8.0g,35.2mmol)的悬浮液中添加HATU(20.1g,52.8mmol),并且允许在0℃搅拌持续15min,之后添加DIPEA(18.4mL,105.7mmol)。将反应混合物加热至室温并且搅拌持续16小时,然后浓缩。粗制残余物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至56%ACN洗脱,以提供作为棕色固体的4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(2.9g,9.6mmol,47%)。LC/MS(方法D):m/z 304[M+H]+(ES+),在1.51min时,UV活性。
步骤(iii):向在DCM(50mL)中的4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(5.0g,16.5mmol)的溶液中添加(R)-2-甲氧基-2-苯乙酸(3g,18.14mmol)、N,N′-二环己基碳二亚胺(4.08g,19.8mmol)和DMAP(0.40g,3.29mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续16小时,然后在水和DCM之间分配。将水层用DCM再萃取两次。将合并的有机物干燥(Na2SO4)并且浓缩。粗制残余物通过正相梯度快速柱色谱法(正相,二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在石油醚中的0%至95%二乙醚洗脱,以提供作为白色固体的4-(1-((R)-2-环丁基-2-((R)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(2.6g,5.76mmol,35%)和作为白色固体的4-(1-((S)-2-环丁基-2-((R)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(1.0g,2.22mmol,13%)。LC/MS(方法I):m/z 453[M+H]+(ES+),在8.13min时,UV活性。
步骤(iv):向在水(5mL)和MeOH(5mL)中的4-(1-((R)-2-环丁基-2-((R)-2-甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(2.6g,5.76mmol)的溶液中添加K2CO3(1.19g,8.64mmol),并且将所得到的溶液在室温搅拌持续3小时。使反应混合物在水和EtOAc之间分配,并且将水层用EtOAc进一步萃取两次。将合并的有机层干燥(Na2SO4)并且浓缩,以提供作为灰白色固体的(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(1.90g,6.27mmol,定量)。LC/MS(方法D):m/z 304[M+H]+(ES+),在1.52min时,UV活性。使用手性HPLC(方法K)以通过与在手性路线T中使用(R)-2-环丁基甘氨酸合成的已知的R对映异构体(12.15min)进行比较来确定R对映异构体(12.06min)和S对异构映体(10.35min)的立体化学构型。
步骤(v):在0℃在氮气气氛下,将(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(1.9g,6.26mmol)添加到在DMF(10mL)中的NaH(在矿物油中的~60%,0.27g,6.89mmol)的搅拌的悬浮液中。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌持续30min,随后添加1-(溴甲基)-3-(二氟甲氧基)苯(1.78g,7.54mmol)。将反应混合物加热至室温并且搅拌持续1小时,之后使反应混合物在水和ETOAC之间分配。将水层用EtOAc进一步萃取两次。将合并的有机物干燥(Na2SO4)并且浓缩。粗制残余物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至56%ACN洗脱,以提供作为灰白色固体的(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(2.1g,4.57mmol,73%)。LC/MS(方法D):m/z 460[M+H]+(ES+),在2.27min时,UV活性。
步骤(vi):向在二噁烷(5mL)和水(3mL)中的(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(2.0g,4.35mmol)的溶液中添加LiOH一水合物(532mg,12.77mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续4小时,然后用冰乙酸酸化以达到pH~4并且浓缩。粗制残余物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至58%ACN洗脱,以提供作为白色固体的实施例101,(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸(1.29g,2.90mmol,67%)。手性HPLC(方法K)13.57min。数据在表2中可获得。
路线T
用于制备实施例101,(R)-4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-((3-(二氟甲氧基)苄基)氧基)乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸的另外可选择的程序
用于制备实施例101的第三条路线在上文使用步骤i-步骤iv的方案中示出,类似于路线S中示出的步骤i-步骤ii&步骤v-步骤vi。光谱细节与针对在路线S中产生的实施例101给出的光谱细节一致。
用于中间体的一般合成程序
路线1
用于制备中间体1,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯的程序
步骤(i):向在DMF(170mL)中的(2R)-2-羟基-3-甲基-丁酸(10.0g,84.7mmol)和(S)-4-(1-氨基乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(16.7g,93.1mmol)的冰冷溶液中添加EDC HCl(24.3g,127.0mmol)、(羟基亚氨基)氰基乙酸乙酯(13.2g,93.1mmol)和三乙胺(29.5mL,211.6mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续18小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,用1M HCl、饱和的含水NaHCO3和盐水依次洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并且浓缩,以提供作为橙色固体的中间体1,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(12.8g,45.9mmol,54%收率)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线2
用于制备中间体2,4-((1S)-1-(2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯和中间体3,4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯的程序
步骤(i):向在DCM(100mL)中的(S)-4-(1-氨基乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(6.00g,33.5mmol)和2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸(4.35g,36.8mmol)的溶液中添加EDC HCl(9.62g,50.2mmol)和HOBt(900mg,0.66mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续10分钟,之后在0℃,添加三乙胺(13.5mL,100.4mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续4小时,之后使混合物在DCM和饱和的含水NaHCO3之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用DCM(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥、浓缩,并且粗制材料通过在水中的MeCN(0%-26%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的4-((1S)-1-(2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(6.50g,23.3mmol,70%收率)。数据在表3中可获得。
步骤(ii):在0℃,向在DCM(100mL)中的4-((1S)-1-(2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(6.70g,24.0mmol)和三乙胺(3.52mL,26.40mmol)的溶液中逐滴添加甲磺酰氯(1.8mL,24.0mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续2小时,之后使混合物在水和DCM之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用DCM进一步萃取。将合并的有机物用1N HCl然后用饱和的含水NaHCO3依次洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并且浓缩,以提供作为白色固体的4-((1S)-1-(3-甲基-2-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)丁酰氨基)乙基)苯甲酸甲酯(7.50g,21.0mmol,88%收率)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线3
用于制备中间体4,(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-氰基苯基)乙基)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰胺的程序
步骤(i):向在1,4-二噁烷(10mL)中的(S)-(1-(4-氰基苯基)乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(1.00g,4.06mmol)的溶液中添加在1,4-二噁烷(10mL)中的4N HCl。将混合物在室温搅拌持续16小时,之后将混合物在减压下浓缩。粗制材料由在Et2O中的10%EtOAc研磨,以提供作为黄色固体的(S)-4-(1-氨基乙基)苯甲腈盐酸盐(0.57g,3.13mmol,77%收率)。(LC/MS方法D):m/z 147[M+H-HCl]+(ES+),在0.75min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):向在MeCN(6mL)中的(R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸(0.39g,3.29mmol)的溶液中添加(S)-4-(1-氨基乙基)苯甲腈盐酸盐(0.50g,2.74mmol),随后添加HATU(1.56g,4.11mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续30分钟,之后将其冷却至0℃并且添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.47mL,8.23mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续4小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥、浓缩,并且粗制材料通过在水中的MeCN(0%-73%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为粘性棕色固体的中间体4,(R)-N-((S)-1-(4-氰基苯基)乙基)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰胺(0.55g,2.24mmol,82%收率)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线4
用于制备中间体5,(R)-4-(1-(2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯的程序
步骤(i):向在DMF(8.5mL)中的(2R)-2-羟基-3-甲基-丁酸(200mg,1.69mmol)中添加DIPEA(0.9mL,5.08mmol)和HATU(775mg,2.03mmol),随后添加4-(1-氨基环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(356mg,1.86mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续18小时,然后在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,用盐水洗涤,干燥(相分离器)并且在真空中浓缩。粗制材料通过快速柱色谱法(正相)[梯度在异己烷中的0%-75%EtOAc]来纯化,以提供作为深橙色固体的中间体5,(R)-4-(1-(2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(212mg,0.73mmol,43%)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线5
用于制备中间体22,4-(溴甲基)-1-(二氟甲基)-2-氟苯的程序
步骤(i):在0℃在氮气气氛下,向4-(二氟甲基)-3-氟苯甲醛(0.50g,2.87mmol)在MeOH(3mL)中的溶液添加NaBH4(0.21g,5.74mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续1小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥并且浓缩,以提供作为无色液体的(4-(二氟甲基)-3-氟苯基)甲醇(0.47g,2.67mmol,93%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ4.55(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),5.45(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),6.97-7.35(m,3H),7.50-7.62(m,1H)。
步骤(ii):向在DCM(3mL)中的(4-(二氟甲基)-3-氟苯基)甲醇(0.25g,1.42mmol)的溶液中添加三苯基膦(0.55g,2.13mmol)。将混合物冷却至0℃,并且添加四溴甲烷(0.71g,2.13mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续1小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥、浓缩,并且粗制材料通过在己烷中的EtOAc(0%至18%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(正相,二氧化硅)来纯化,以提供作为无色液体的中间体22,4-(溴甲基)-1-(二氟甲基)-2-氟苯(0.19g,0.80mmol,56%收率)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线6
用于制备中间体27,2-(溴甲基)-5-(二氟甲基)吡啶的程序
步骤(i):在0℃在氮气气氛下,向在MeOH(3mL)中的5-(二氟甲基)吡啶甲醛(0.30g,1.91mmol)的溶液中添加NaBH4(0.14g,3.82mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续1小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥并且浓缩,以提供作为无色液体的(5-(二氟甲基)吡啶-2-基)甲醇(0.30g,1.88mmol,99%收率)。(LC/MS方法D):m/z 160[M+H]+(ES+),在0.95min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):在0℃,向在DCM(3mL)中的三溴化磷(0.36mL,3.77mmol)的溶液中添加(5-(二氟甲基)吡啶-2-基)甲醇(0.30g,1.88mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续1小时,之后使混合物在EtOAc和饱和的含水NaHCO3之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥、浓缩,并且通过在己烷中的EtOAc(0%至40%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(正相,二氧化硅)来纯化,以提供作为黄色液体的中间体27,2-(溴甲基)-5-(二氟甲基)吡啶(0.17g,0.77mmol,41%收率)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线7
用于制备中间体32,1-(溴甲基)-3-(乙基磺酰基)苯的程序
步骤(i):将在DMSO(28mL)中的二亚硫酸钾(3.19g,18.3mmol)、四丁基溴化铵(2.58g,8.01mmol)、甲酸钠(1.03g,15.3mmol)、乙酸钯(II)(85mg,0.38mmol)、三苯基膦(0.28g,1.06mmol)和1,10-菲咯啉(0.178g,0.99mmol)的悬浮液在室温用氮气吹扫持续15min。添加3-碘苯甲酸甲酯(2.00g,7.60mmol),并且将混合物在微波辐照下加热至100℃持续30分钟。将混合物冷却,添加乙基碘(1.00mL,12.4mmol)并且将混合物在室温搅拌持续20分钟。使混合物在EtOAc和水之间分配,将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥、浓缩,并且残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-36%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为淡黄色粘性液体的3-(乙基磺酰基)苯甲酸甲酯(1.00g,4.39mmol,57%收率)。(LC/MS方法H):m/z 229[M+H]+(ES+),在6.98min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):在-78℃在氮气气氛下,向在THF(10mL)中的3-(乙基磺酰基)苯甲酸甲酯(1.00g,4.39mmol)的溶液中逐滴添加LiAlH4(在THF中的1M,6.50mL)。将混合物在相同的温度搅拌持续2小时,之后使混合物在饱和的含水NH4Cl和EtOAc之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用EtOAc(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥,在减压下浓缩,并且残余物通过在水中的MeCN(0%-35%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(反相,C18)来纯化,以提供作为淡黄色粘性液体的(3-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)甲醇(0.50g,2.49mmol,57%收率)。(LC/MS方法H):m/z 218[M+H]+(ES+),在5.56min时,UV活性。
步骤(iii):在0℃,向在DCM(5mL)中的三溴化磷(0.48mL,4.99mmol)的溶液中添加(3-(乙基磺酰基)苯基)甲醇(0.50g,2.49mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌持续1小时,之后使混合物在DCM和饱和的含水NaHCO3之间分配。将有机物分离,并且将水层用DCM(×2)进一步萃取。将合并的有机物经Na2SO4干燥、浓缩,并且残余物通过在己烷中的EtOAc(0%至43%)的梯度下的快速柱色谱法(正相,二氧化硅)来纯化,以提供作为无色粘性液体的中间体32,1-(溴甲基)-3-(乙基磺酰基)苯(0.24g,0.91mmol,38%收率)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线8
用于制备中间体33,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)-2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯的程序
步骤(i):将(S)-4-(1-氨基乙基)-2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐(0.15g,0.65mmol)和(R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸(0.085g,0.72mmol)在室温悬浮在ACN(2mL)中。然后在0℃,添加HATU(0.37g,0.98mmol)并且允许搅拌持续15min。在此时间之后,在0℃,添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.34mL,1.96mmol)并且允许在室温搅拌持续2小时。使反应混合物在水(15mL)和EtOAc(20mL)之间分配。将水层用EtOAc(2×15mL)进一步萃取。将有机层合并并且干燥(Na2SO4)。在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制产通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至60%ACN洗脱,以提供作为粘性油黄色液体的纯的中间体33,4-((S)-1-((R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)乙基)-2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯(0.16g,85%)。
数据在表3中可获得。
路线9
用于制备中间体36,3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苯基)甲醇的程序
步骤(i):将(3-(甲氧基羰基)苯基)硼酸(2.0g,11.07mmol)、3-碘氧杂环丁烷(4.07g,22.1mmol)和K2CO3(4.58g,33.2mmol)溶解在干燥的1,4-二噁烷(10mL)中。将氩气在室温吹扫通过混合物持续20min,然后添加Ni(NO3)2六水合物(0.161g,0.55mmol)和4,4′-二叔丁基-2,2′-联吡啶(0.14g,0.55mmol),并且将反应混合物加热至80℃持续4小时。然后使反应混合物在水(250mL)和EtOAc(250mL)之间分配。将水层用EtOAc(2×150mL)进一步萃取。将有机层合并并且干燥(Na2SO4),在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制产物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至46%ACN洗脱,以提供作为无色液体的纯的3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.58g,27%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ3.86(s,3H),4.33(tt,J=8.3,6.6Hz,1H),4.60(dd,J=6.6,6.0Hz,2H),4.97(dd,J=8.3,6.0Hz,2H),7.54(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.71(dt,J=7.7,1.3Hz,1H),7.87(dt,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),7.98(t,J=1.8Hz,1H)。
步骤(ii):在氮气气氛下在-78℃,将LiAlH4(在THF中的2M)(2.26mL,4.52mmol)逐滴添加到3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.58g,3.01mmol)在干燥的THF(8mL)中的溶液中,并且允许反应混合物在-78℃搅拌持续1小时。将反应混合物用饱和的含水NH4CI溶液(3mL)猝灭,然后在水(150mL)和EtOAc(50mL)之间分配,并且将水层用EtOAc(2×70mL)进一步萃取。将有机层合并并干燥(Na2SO4)并且在真空中去除溶剂,以提供作为无色液体的粗制的(3-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)苯基)甲醇(0.43g,87%)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线10
用于制备中间体42,7-(氯甲基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶的程序
步骤(i):在氮气气氛下在0℃,将亚硫酰氯(0.2mL,3.03mmol)添加到咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-基甲醇(0.30g,2.02mmol)在CHCl3(4mL)中的溶液中,并且然后允许在室温搅拌持续1小时。在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制材料通过用二乙醚(3×10mL)研磨来纯化并且干燥,以提供作为棕色固体的纯的中间体42,7-(氯甲基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶(0.31g,92%)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线11
用于制备中间体48,1-(溴甲基)-3-(环丙基磺酰基)苯的程序
步骤(i):将二亚硫酸钾(3.19g,14.3mmol)、四丁基溴化铵(2.58g,8.01mmol)、甲酸钠(1.04g,15.3mmol)、乙酸钯(II)(0.085g,0.38mmol)、三苯基膦(0.28g,1.06mmol)和1,10-菲咯啉(0.178g,0.99mmol)悬浮在DMSO(12mL)中,并且在室温用氮气吹扫持续20min。在此时间之后,添加3-碘苯甲酸甲酯(2.00g,7.63mmol),并且将反应混合物在微波中加热至100℃持续30min。然后在室温,添加1-氯-3-碘丙烷(1.00mL,9.31mmol),并且允许反应混合物在室温搅拌持续16小时。然后使反应混合物在水(250mL)和EtOAc(250mL)之间分配。将水层用EtOAc(2×150mL)进一步萃取,并且将合并的有机层合并并干燥(Na2SO4)。在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制产物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至57%ACN洗脱,以提供作为棕色粘性液体的粗制的3-((3-氯丙基)磺酰基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.55g,26.00%)。(LC/MS方法H):m/z 277[M+H]+(ES+),在8.00min时,UV活性。
步骤(ii):在氮气气氛下在室温,将3-((3-氯丙基)磺酰基)苯甲酸甲酯(0.70g,2.53mmol)溶解在THF(6mL)中。然后将反应混合物冷却至0℃,添加叔丁醇钾(0.31g,2.78mmol),并且允许反应混合物在室温搅拌持续2.5小时。然后使反应混合物在水(150mL)和EtOAc(200mL)之间分配。用1N含水HCl(2.0mL)将水层酸化以将pH调节至~3,并且将水层用EtOAc(2×150mL)进一步萃取。将有机层合并并干燥(Na2SO4)并且在真空中去除溶剂,以提供作为黄色固体的粗制的3-(环丙基)磺酰基)苯甲酸(0.52g,85%)。(LC/MS方法H):m/z227[M+H]+(ES+),在6.86min时,UV活性。
步骤(iii):在氮气气氛下在室温,将3-(环丙基磺酰基)苯甲酸(0.50g,2.21mmol)溶解在干燥的THF(5mL)中。然后将反应混合物冷却至0℃,并且在0℃,逐滴添加BH3.DMS(0.52mL,5.53mmol),并且然后允许反应混合物在室温搅拌持续16小时。然后将反应混合物用MeOH(10mL)稀释。在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制产物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至68%ACN洗脱,以提供作为黄色粘性液体的(3-(环丙基磺酰基)苯基)甲醇(0.17g,36%)。(LC/MS方法H):m/z 213[M+H]+(ES+),在5.96min时,UV活性。
步骤(iv):在0℃,将三溴化磷(0.14mL,1.44mmol)溶解在二氯甲烷(1mL)中,并且在0℃用(3-(环丙基磺酰基)苯基)甲醇(0.153g,0.72mmol)在DCM(1mL)中的溶液逐滴处理,并且然后允许反应混合物在室温搅拌持续0.5小时。然后用饱和的NaHCO3溶液(10mL)将反应混合物碱化至pH~8,并且在水(40mL)和DCM(40mL)之间分配。将水层用DCM(2×20mL)进一步萃取,并且将有机层合并并干燥(Na2SO4)。在真空中去除溶剂,以提供作为无色液体的粗制的1-(溴甲基)-3-(环丙基磺酰基)苯(0.09g,46%)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线12
用于制备中间体50,(R)-N-(1-(4-氰基苯基)环丙基)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰胺的程序
步骤(i):在室温,将1-(4-氯苯基)环丙烷-1-甲酸(55.0g,0.281摩尔)和三乙胺(77.75mL,0.561摩尔)溶解在甲苯(250mL)中。在此之后,添加二苯基磷酰基叠氮化物(66.51mL,0.309摩尔)和叔丁醇(133.13mL,1.403摩尔),并且将反应混合物在80℃搅拌持续16h。使反应混合物在水(1000mL)和DCM(600mL)之间分配。将水层用DCM(2×400mL)进一步萃取。将有机层合并并且干燥(Na2SO4)。在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制产物通过梯度快速柱色谱法(正相,二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在己烷中的0%至10%EtOAc洗脱,以提供作为灰白色固体的(1-(4-氯苯基)环丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(60.0g,80%)。(LC/MS方法D):m/z168.07(ES+,M-100),在2.18min时。
步骤(ii):将(1-(4-氯苯基)环丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(20.00g,74.87毫摩尔)和氰化锌(13.18g,112.31毫摩尔)悬浮在二噁烷(45mL)中,并且在室温将氮气吹扫持续30min。在此之后,在室温添加双(三-叔丁基膦)钯(0)(3.82g,7.48毫摩尔),并且将反应混合物在80℃搅拌持续3h。使反应混合物在水(1000mL)和EtOAc(700mL)之间分配,并且将水层用EtOAc(2×300mL)进一步萃取。将有机层合并并且干燥(Na2SO4)。在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制产物通过梯度快速柱色谱法(正相,二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在己烷中的0%至15%EtOAc洗脱,以提供作为棕色固体的纯的(1-(4-氰基苯基)环丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(11.4g,58.98%)。应当注意:反应在10g规模时以2个分开的批次进行。(LC/MS方法D):m/z 159(ES-100),在1.85min时。
步骤(iii):在氮气气氛下,将(1-(4-氰基苯基)环丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3.00g,11.62毫摩尔)溶解在二噁烷(10mL)中。在室温,向其中添加在二噁烷(30mL)中的4N HCl,并且在室温搅拌持续16h。在真空中去除溶剂,并且粗制材料通过用二乙醚(20mL)研磨来纯化,以提供作为白色固体的4-(1-氨基环丙基)苯甲腈盐酸盐(2.10g,93%)。(LC/MS方法H):m/z 159(ES+),在0.73min时。
步骤(iv):将(R)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸(1.53g,12.98毫摩尔)溶解在ACN(20mL)中,并且在室温将4-(1-氨基环丙基)苯甲腈盐酸盐(2.10g,10.82毫摩尔)添加到反应混合物中。在此之后,添加HATU(6.17g,16.23毫摩尔),并且允许反应混合物在室温搅拌持续30min。在此之后,在0℃添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(5.64mL,32.46毫摩尔)并且允许在室温搅拌持续1h。将反应混合物在真空中浓缩以获得粗制产物,该粗制产物通过反相梯度快速柱色谱法(反相,C18二氧化硅)来纯化,产物以在水中的0%至61%ACN洗脱,以提供作为棕色固体的(R)-N-(1-(4-氰基苯基)环丙基)-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酰胺,中间体50(1.80g,64.%)。数据在表3中可获得。
路线13
用于制备中间体58,4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯的程序。
步骤(i):将4-(1-氨基环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(1.45g,7.61mmol)、2-环丁基-2-羟基-乙酸(900mg,6.92mmol)、EDC(2.0g,10.37mmol)和HOBt一水合物(93mg,0.69mmol)溶解在DCM(21.0mL)中,之后将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续10分钟。在0℃,逐滴添加三乙胺(2.4mL,17.29mmol),并且将反应混合物在室温搅拌持续18小时。使反应混合物在水和EtOAc之间分配,并且将有机物分离,用1M HCl(含水的)、饱和的NaHCO3(含水的)和盐水洗涤。将有机物分离,经由穿过疏水性熔块干燥并且浓缩,以提供作为浅棕色固体的中间体58,4-(1-(2-环丁基-2-羟基乙酰氨基)环丙基)苯甲酸甲酯(1.5g,4.85mmol,70%)。该材料在没有任何进一步纯化的情况下使用。数据在表3中可获得。
生物学活性
HEK293细胞的克隆、杆状病毒产生、大规模感染以及膜制备:将人类前列腺素E2受体4(EP4)克隆到pBacMam表达载体(GeneScript,UK)中。EP4 DNA的转位使用Invitrogen的Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统进行。P0杆状病毒通过使用Cellfectin II转染试剂(ThermoFisher Scientific,UK,目录号10362-100)用杆粒DNA转染SF9细胞来产生。在P0产生后,P1病毒然后被产生,准备用于大规模感染和膜制备。HEK293细胞在补充有10%热灭活胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM+Glutamax中生长。在5%v/v EP4 Bacman的500em3烧瓶中以350万个细胞/mL的接种密度感染细胞。表达在37℃在5%CO2的情况下经36小时进行。使用PBS和细胞刮刀(scrapper)去除细胞。将细胞培养物在4℃以2500RPM离心持续10分钟。然后倾倒出上清液并且将沉淀物储存在-80℃。将沉淀物解冻并且再悬浮在15mL的匀质缓冲液(20mMHEPES,10mM EDTA,pH 7.4)中。然后在机械均质器(VMR)中均质化持续10秒。将膜在4℃在离心管中以40,000g离心持续15分钟。将上清液倒掉并且再悬浮在15mL的匀质缓冲液中。均质化持续20秒。将膜在4℃以40,000g离心持续45分钟。将膜再悬浮在3mL的储存缓冲液(20mMHEPES,0.1mM EDTA,pH 7.4)中,充分混合。然后将所得到的膜储存在-80℃。
cAMP Gs功能测定;EP4受体激活后的cAMP产生使用均相时间分辨荧光(HTRF)cAMP动态-2测定(Cisbio,France)来确定。将HEK293细胞使用0.5%EP4 Bacman病毒转染持续36小时,然后将细胞解离,并且在150℃冷冻。
在测试当天,将增加浓度的测试化合物与阳性对照(1μM ONO-AE3-208)和阴性对照(DMSO(Sigma-Aldrich,UK)一起使用ECHO分配器添加到ProxiPlate-384 Plus,白色384-浅孔微孔板(PerkinElmer,USA)中。
将细胞在水浴中解冻,并且再悬浮在补充有10%FBS的DMEM中,然后以1200RPM离心持续5分钟以形成沉淀物。将沉淀物再悬浮在测定缓冲液(DMEM+0.5mM IBMX(Tocris,Abingdon,UK,目录号2845))中至1×106个细胞/mL。使用多滴器(multidrop)将最终测定浓度为5000个细胞/孔的细胞悬浮液添加到预分配的测定板中。然后,将该板在37℃在5%CO2的情况下孵育持续30分钟。在孵育之后,将EC80浓度(7nM)的PGE2(EP4激动剂)添加至该板中。并行地,将PGE2剂量-应答曲线分配到单独的板。然后将测定缓冲液分配在顶部上。在PheraStar荧光板读取器(BMG LabTech,Germany)上读取板之前,按照制造商的说明来确定cAMP产生。
pIC50使用修正的Cheng Prussoff方程被转换为函数pKb值,其中Kd=激动剂EC50并且Lhot=激动剂攻击浓度;
表4-人类EP4 fpKb值
Claims (26)
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的化合物,其中X是任选地被取代的苯基环或任选地被取代的吡啶基环。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,所述化合物是式(2)或式(2i)的化合物:
或其盐,其中:
Q、W和T是CH或N;
Z和Y是C或N;
其中Q、W、T、Y和Z中任一个或没有一个是N,如果Y是N,则R5不存在,并且如果Z是N,则R6不存在;
R5和R6独立地选自H、卤素、CN、OH、SF5、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、C1-6烷氧基、OR7和SO2R7,其中所述烷基基团、环烷基基团和烷氧基基团任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代,并且所述烷基基团或环烷基基团中的任何一个原子能够任选地被选自O、S和N的杂原子替换;或者R5和R6被连接以形成5元或6元碳环或杂环,所述5元或6元碳环或杂环任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代;
并且R7是任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-6烷基基团或任选地被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C3-6环烷基基团。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1和R2两者均是甲基,R1和R2两者均是H,R1和R2被连接以形成环丙基环;或者R1是甲基,并且R2是H。
7.根据权利要求6所述的化合物,其中R1是甲基,并且R2是H。
10.根据权利要求4至9中任一项所述的化合物,其中W、Q和T是CH,并且Z和Y是C。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的化合物,其中A是CO2H、CONHSO2Me或四唑环。
13.根据权利要求12所述的化合物,其中A是CO2H。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的化合物,其中R3是H或甲基。
15.根据权利要求14所述的化合物,其中R3是H。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的化合物,其中R4是H或甲基。
17.根据权利要求16所述的化合物,其中R4是H。
18.根据权利要求4至17中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5和R6独立地选自H、Cl、F、CN、OH、SO2Me、SO2Et、SO2-环丙基、SF5、CF3、CF2H、OMe、OCF3、OCF2H、CH2OH、CH2OMe、环丙基和氧杂环丁烷基。
19.根据权利要求4至18中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5是H。
20.根据权利要求19所述的化合物,其中R6是CF3或F。
21.根据权利要求4至17中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5和R6被连接以形成任选地被一个或两个氟原子取代的稠合的咪唑环或稠合的二氧杂环戊烷环。
23.根据权利要求1至22中任一项所述的化合物,具有EP4受体拮抗剂活性。
24.一种药物组合物,包含根据权利要求1至23中任一项所定义的化合物以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
25.根据权利要求1至24中任一项所述的化合物或组合物,用于在药物中使用。
26.根据权利要求1至24中任一项所述的化合物或组合物,用于在治疗腹主动脉瘤(AAA)、强直性脊柱炎(AS)、阿尔茨海默病、动脉粥样硬化、包括上皮癌(结肠和直肠、唇和口腔、鼻咽、其他咽部、胆囊和胆道、胰腺、非黑色素瘤皮肤、卵巢、睾丸、肾、膀胱、甲状腺、间皮瘤、食道、胃、肝、喉、气管、支气管和肺、乳腺、宫颈、子宫、前列腺的GBD赘生物类别)的癌症、糖尿病性肾病变、子宫内膜异位症、炎性肠病、偏头痛、多发性硬化症(MS)、骨关节炎(OA)或类风湿性关节炎中使用。
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WO2003008377A1 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-30 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Prostaglandin analogues_as ep4 receptor agonists |
WO2009056582A1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-07 | Glaxo Group Limited | Novel compounds |
WO2009108720A2 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-09-03 | Amira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antagonists of prostaglandin d2 receptors |
CN101952244A (zh) * | 2008-02-01 | 2011-01-19 | 艾米拉制药公司 | 前列腺素d2受体的n,n-二取代氨基烷基联苯拮抗剂 |
WO2014126746A1 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2014-08-21 | Eli Lilly And Company | Phenoxyethoxy compounds |
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WO2003008377A1 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-30 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Prostaglandin analogues_as ep4 receptor agonists |
WO2009056582A1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-07 | Glaxo Group Limited | Novel compounds |
CN101952244A (zh) * | 2008-02-01 | 2011-01-19 | 艾米拉制药公司 | 前列腺素d2受体的n,n-二取代氨基烷基联苯拮抗剂 |
WO2009108720A2 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-09-03 | Amira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antagonists of prostaglandin d2 receptors |
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