CN114577945B - 一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法 - Google Patents
一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种胶束电动色谱精准筛选中药提取物中脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的方法,是将脯氨酰羟化酶2溶液、待筛选中药提取物溶液、酶促反应缓冲液依次注入离心管中,随后置于20‑45℃水浴中反应0.5‑5小时,取出后加入猝灭剂终止反应,样品于毛细管电泳仪中压力进样,选择背景缓冲液并施加10‑30千伏的电压进行分离检测,酶活力用210 nm处产物峰面积表示;待筛选中药提取物可根据产物峰面积的变化判断其是否具有脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制活性。本发明方法经模型抑制剂验证和方法学考察,筛选结果准确可靠,且样品和试剂消耗量小。本发明的筛选对象包括混合物,因而应用范围更广,对传统中药的开发和缺氧相关疾病的治疗具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂筛选方法和应用,尤其涉及一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法,属于医药技术领域。
背景技术
缺氧是相对机体需求而言,氧气供应不足的一种生理状态,是影响人体健康的因素之一。近年来,有报道称缺氧与各种疾病的发生和演化密切相关,如肾性贫血、癌症、新生血管性眼病、心血管疾病等(文献1:Exp. Cell Res. 2017, 356, 116-121;文献2:Cell.2019, 176, 1248-1264.)。虽然缺氧是一种潜在的致命因素,但人体也拥有对抗缺氧的防御机制,可以在相对急性或可耐受的情况下维持生存。2019年,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予发现动物细胞感知和适应长期缺氧供应的机制研究。缺氧诱导因子(HIF)是该机制中最重要的转录控制复合物之一。它通过在缺氧环境中调节下游基因的表达,使细胞和组织对缺氧做出生理反应(文献3:Annu. Rev. Pathol. 2014, 9, 47-71.)。
脯氨酰羟化酶2是调节HIF感知氧浓度的关键酶之一。在常氧环境中,脯氨酰羟化酶2可以使缺氧诱导因子中特殊的脯氨酰基(如缺氧诱导因子-1α中402和564位的脯氨酰基)羟基化,使缺氧诱导因子被希佩尔林道蛋白识别,并被泛素-蛋白酶体降解(文献4:Science. 2002, 296, 1886-1889;文献5:Nature. 2002, 417, 975-978.)。在低氧环境中,脯氨酰羟化酶2活性受到抑制,缺氧诱导因子及其下游基因的表达水平增加。上述研究表明,开发脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂可提高缺氧诱导因子及其下游基因的表达水平,对缺氧相关疾病的治疗具有重要意义。当前,脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂筛选方法仍以间接测定方法(底物衍生化或加入荧光基团)为主(文献6:Anal. Biochem. 2005, 336, 125-131;文献7:Anal. Biochem. 2009, 384, 213-223.),文献报道的筛选对象为单体化合物,筛选混合样或提取物等较为复杂的样品仍存在巨大挑战。
毛细管电泳是以高压直流电场为驱动力,毛细管为分离通道,根据样品中各组分的电泳淌度差异实现分离的一种分离分析技术。近年来,毛细管电泳由于具有样品消耗少、分离效率高、分析速度快等优点,已成为酶抑制剂筛选研究中的重要工具之一。离线分析是在毛细管外进行酶和底物的混合与反应,待反应猝灭后注入毛细管中分离检测待测物的峰面积以进行酶促反应动力学研究和抑制剂筛选的方法。胶束电动色谱法是向背景缓冲液中加入表面活性剂使之形成胶束,随后根据样品中各组分在胶束相中的分配系数和迁移率差异实现分离的一种方法,该方法对于多肽等生物大分子具有明显的分离优势。目前,尚无毛细管电泳用于脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂筛选的报道。
中药在数千年的药用历史中表现出令人满意的疗效和安全性,是现代新药研发的主要来源之一。中药提取物具有多组分和多靶点特性,对多种复杂疾病具有显著疗效。已有文献报道,某些中药能够提升机体对缺氧的耐受,因此,建立一种从中药中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的方法对于传统中药治疗缺氧相关疾病的研究具有重大意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法。
本发明从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)毛细管的预处理
毛细管柱内径为25-100μM(优选50-75μm),总长为20-120cm(优选40-80cm);毛细管温度为0-60℃(优选30-45℃)。
将毛细管依次用有机溶剂、碱溶液、去离子水进行预处理。其中有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或乙腈,有机溶剂冲洗时间5-60分钟;碱溶液为0.2-1.2 M的一价金属氢氧化物水溶液(如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等),碱溶液冲洗时间30-90分钟;去离子水冲洗时间5-45分钟。
(2)胶束电动色谱法筛选中药中脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂
将脯氨酰羟化酶2溶液、待筛选中药提取物溶液、酶促反应缓冲液依次注入离心管中,置于20-45℃水浴中酶促反应0.5-5小时后加入猝灭剂终止反应,然后样品于毛细管电泳仪中压力进样,选择背景缓冲液并施加10-30千伏的电压进行分离检测,酶活力用210 nm处产物峰面积表示;待筛选中药提取物可根据产物峰面积的变化判断其是否具有脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制活性。
通过产物峰面积的变化,计算脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的抑制率,公式如下:
式中,Blank为酶促反应中无抑制剂时产物的峰面积,X为酶促反应中存在抑制剂时产物的峰面积。
脯氨酰羟化酶2的EC号为1.14.11.29,表达序列为全序列或包含酶活性中心的序列,其中包含酶活性中心的序列通常为177-426和181-426。脯氨酰羟化酶2的表达系统包括但不限于大肠杆菌表达系统,酵母菌表达系统,昆虫表达系统和哺乳动物表达系统。脯氨酰羟化酶2的浓度范围为0.1-20μM。
待筛选中药提取物溶液为黄芪、党参、当归、枸杞、川芎、菟丝子的提取液,浓度范围为0.1-100mg/mL。
酶促反应缓冲液为pH=6.0-9.0,浓度为10-300 mM的磷酸盐、硼酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸盐、Tris-HCl、4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸、MOPS、B-R溶液,且酶促反应缓冲液中含1-500 μM α-酮戊二酸、1-500 μM无机亚铁盐、1-40 mM无机镁盐、1-40 mM无机钾盐以及0.1-5 mM抗氧化剂和还原剂。其中。无机亚铁盐包括但不限于硫酸亚铁铵,硫酸亚铁,氯化亚铁;无机镁盐通常为氯化镁和氯化钾;抗氧化剂为抗坏血酸,还原剂为二硫苏糖醇。
上述脯氨酰羟化酶2溶液、待筛选中药提取物溶液、酶促反应缓冲液的体积比为1:0.2:25~ 1:2:100。
上述猝灭剂采用亚铁离子螯合剂,包括但不限于邻二氮杂菲、乙二胺四乙酸。
上述胶束电动色谱分离中,背景缓冲溶液选择浓度为10-300 mM,pH为3-10的磷酸盐、硼酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸盐、Tris-HCl、4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸、MOPS、B-R溶液,且背景缓冲溶液液中含有浓度为10-100mM的表面活性剂。表面活性剂通常为磺酸盐、硫酸酯盐。为了改善峰形和分离度,在背景缓冲溶液中加入其体积1-30%的有机溶剂。有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙腈。
上述进样压力选择10-100mbar,进样时间1-10秒。分离电压为10-30千伏。
综上所述,本发明利用胶束电动色谱高效分离的优势,在紫外吸收210nm处定量分析脯氨酰羟化酶2酶促反应产物——564位脯氨酰被羟基化的缺氧诱导因子-1α肽段的峰面积,然后根据产物的峰面积变化即可筛选得到对脯氨酰羟化酶2有抑制活性的中药提取物。本发明通过直接定量分析该酶促反应产物峰面积进行抑制剂筛选,可避免筛选过程中的假阳性结果,实现了中药中脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的精准筛选。本发明方法经模型抑制剂验证和方法学考察,筛选结果准确可靠,且样品和试剂消耗量小。与现有方法的筛选对象仅为单体化合物相比,本发明的筛选对象包括混合物,因而应用范围更广,对传统中药的开发和缺氧相关疾病的治疗具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为氯化亚铁浓度对酶活的影响。
图2为底物浓度对酶活的影响。
图3为反应温度对酶活的影响。
图4为反应时间对酶活的影响。
图5为罗沙司他的抑制曲线。
图6为筛选中药提取物的柱形图。
具体实施方式
下面以含564位脯氨酰基的缺氧诱导因子-1α肽段(序列为556-574)作为脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的底物,进行酶促反应条件的优化、酶活力的测定、酶抑制作用研究以及从中药中筛选抑制剂。
1、建立筛选方法
所有的实验均在配有紫外检测器的安捷伦毛细管电泳仪上实现,仪器操作和数据分析均在安捷伦化学工作站(版本号Rev. B 04.02)上实现。CE分离(毛细管电泳)在内径为50 μm的熔融石英毛细管内进行,总长48.5cm(有效长度40cm)。新的毛细管应在50 mbar压力下依次用甲醇,1 M 氢氧化钠和去离子水依次冲洗60分钟来活化内壁。每日试验前,毛细管应在50 mbar压力下用1 M 氢氧化钠、去离子水和背景缓冲液分别冲洗10分钟。在两次运行之间,毛细管应依次用1M盐酸冲洗1分钟,去离子水冲洗0.5分钟,1M氢氧化钠冲洗1分钟,去离子水冲洗1分钟,背景缓冲液冲洗1.5分钟。背景缓冲液由65 mM四硼酸钠(1 M氢氧化钠调pH=9.8),65 mM十二烷基硫酸钠和10%的乙腈组成。设定毛细管电泳卡盒温度为25℃,进样压力为50 mbar,进样时间为5秒,分离电压为25千伏,检测波长为210 nm。
将待筛选中药提取物加入酶促反应液中进行反应,通过上述方法测定产物的峰面积,与不含提取物的酶促反应样品对照即可判断是否具有脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制活性。
胶束电动色谱法建立完成后,分别考察脯氨酰羟化酶2酶促反应中亚铁离子浓度、底物浓度、反应温度、反应时间对酶活的影响。
图1是亚铁离子浓度对酶活的影响,横坐标为氯化亚铁浓度,纵坐标为产物峰面积,其中底物浓度为250μM,脯氨酰羟化酶2(177-426) 3 μM、抗坏血酸 500 μM、二硫苏糖醇500 μM 、反应缓冲液选择50 mM 4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(pH=7.0)、氯化镁3 mM、氯化钾10mM、α-酮戊二酸150 μM,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为3小时,反应结束后加入3.5mM邻二氮杂菲猝灭反应。由图1可知,酶活在一定范围内随氯化亚铁浓度增加而提高,在氯化亚铁浓度达到150μM时达到最大,之后随氯化亚铁浓度增加,酶活出现降低趋势。故选择150μM氯化亚铁浓度作为实验浓度。
图2为底物浓度对酶活的影响。除底物浓度外,其他反应条件同图1。由图2可知,酶活随底物浓度的增大逐渐提高,至浓度为250μM时开始平缓,之后未有明显提高,故选择250μM作为该酶促反应的底物浓度。
图3为反应温度对酶活的影响。除反应时间外,其他反应条件同图1。由图3可知,在20-30℃范围内,随温度上升酶活提高,30℃之后随温度上升酶活下降,故选择30℃作为该酶促反应的反应温度。
图4为反应时间对酶活的影响。除反应时间外,其他反应条件同图1。由图3可知,0-3小时范围内,酶活随反应时间的增加而提高,在3小时达到最大,之后随时间的增大酶活不再增加,故选择3小时作为该酶促反应的反应时间。
经过上述优化,所得最优反应条件为:底物浓度为250μM,脯氨酰羟化酶2(177-426)3 μM、氯化亚铁150μM、抗坏血酸 500 μM、二硫苏糖醇500 μM 、反应缓冲液选择50 mM4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(pH=7.0)、氯化镁3 mM、氯化钾10 mM、α-酮戊二酸150 μM,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为3小时,反应结束后加入3.5mM邻二氮杂菲猝灭反应。下文中抑制剂筛选和方法学研究均在在该最优反应条件下进行。
2、方法学考察
方法学考察能够评估该方法是否可以准确筛选分析物。通过上述筛选方法测定产物峰面积,计算结果见表1。产物峰迁移时间的RSD值为日内3.25%和日间3.83%。产物峰面积的RSD值为日内1.87%和日间2.01%。线性范围为50至450μM,线性方程为y = 0.6114x +8.6694,R2为0.9990。最低检测限和最低定量限分别为20μM和100μM。加标回收率为98.42-105.38%。方法学考察结果显示,该方法准确可靠,可用于脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂筛选研究。
3、模型抑制剂IC50的测定
罗沙司他是基于脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制活性开发的新药,在本研究中被用作已知抑制剂验证该方法的可行性。运用实施例1的筛选方法测定酶促反应中不同罗沙司他浓度对脯氨酰羟化酶2的抑制作用,对测定结果作非线性拟合得到图5。由图5获得罗沙司他的IC50值为10μM,该结果与文献报道结果处于同一数量级,说明了该方法在脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂筛选研究中的可行性。
4、中药中脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的筛选
使用实施例1的筛选方法从黄芪、党参、当归、枸杞、川芎、菟丝子的粗取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂。分别在10mg/mL和2mg/mL粗提物浓度下筛选6种中药对脯氨酰羟化酶2的抑制活性,筛选结果见图6。图6显示6种中药粗提物均有一定程度的抑制活性,其中党参对脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制活性最强,在治疗缺氧相关疾病的药物研发中值得深入研究。
Claims (6)
1.一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法,是将脯氨酰羟化酶2溶液、待筛选中药提取物溶液、酶促反应缓冲液依次注入离心管中,随后置于20-45℃水浴中反应0.5-5小时,取出后加入猝灭剂终止反应,样品于毛细管电泳仪中压力进样,选择背景缓冲液并施加10-30千伏的电压进行分离检测,酶活力用210 nm处产物峰面积表示;待筛选中药提取物可根据产物峰面积的变化判断其是否具有脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制活性;
待筛选中药提取物为黄芪、党参、当归、枸杞、川芎或菟丝子的提取液;
所述酶促反应缓冲液的组成:50 mM 4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸、氯化镁3 mM、氯化钾10 mM、α-酮戊二酸150 μM;其中4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸的pH=7.0;
所述背景缓冲液的组成:65 mM四硼酸钠,65 mM十二烷基硫酸钠和10%的乙腈;其中四硼酸钠用1 M氢氧化钠调pH=9.8。
2.如权利要求1所述一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法,其特征在于:所述脯氨酰羟化酶2的EC号为1.14.11.29,表达序列为全序列或包含酶活性中心的序列,其中包含酶活性中心的序列为177-426和181-426;脯氨酰羟化酶2的表达系统包括但不限于大肠杆菌表达系统,酵母菌表达系统,昆虫表达系统和哺乳动物表达系统。
3.如权利要求1所述一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法,其特征在于:待筛选中药提取物的浓度范围为0.1~100mg/mL。
4.如权利要求1所述一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法,其特征在于:上述脯氨酰羟化酶2溶液、待筛选中药提取物溶液、酶促反应缓冲液的体积比为1:0.2:10~1:2:100。
5.如权利要求1所述一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法,其特征在于:上述猝灭剂采用邻二氮杂菲或乙二胺四乙酸。
6.如权利要求1所述一种从中药提取物中筛选脯氨酰羟化酶2抑制剂的胶束电动色谱方法,其特征在于:进样压力选择10~100mbar,进样时间1~10秒。
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