CN114577434A

CN114577434A - High-precision six-component balance and method

Info

Publication number: CN114577434A
Application number: CN202210212252.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石荣武; 白新玉; 贺俊; 李小鹏; 贾恒信
Original assignee: Avic Testing Instrument Xi'an Co ltd
Current assignee: Avic Testing Instrument Xi'an Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-03-04
Filing date: 2022-03-04
Publication date: 2022-06-03
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-04
Also published as: CN114577434B

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision six-component balance and a method, wherein the high-precision six-component balance comprises an upper end bearing and positioning installation structure, a lower end bearing and positioning installation structure and a rectangular upright post; the rectangular upright posts comprise a central rectangular upright post and a plurality of edge rectangular upright posts; the central rectangular stand column is arranged at the central positions of the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure and the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure, and the plurality of edge rectangular stand columns are arranged in a central symmetry manner by taking the central rectangular stand column as the center; resistance strain gauges are arranged on the central rectangular upright post and the edge rectangular upright posts, and the resistance strain gauges form a Wheatstone bridge and are respectively used for measuring an X-direction component force, a Y-direction component force, a Z-direction component moment, an X-direction component moment, a Y-direction component moment and a Z-direction component force. The self-decoupling design is realized through the structure and the mode, the mutual interference influence of the measured six-component force and the moment is small, and the three-axis six-component force and the moment applied to the high-precision six-component balance can be accurately measured.

Description

High-precision six-component balance and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of measuring instruments, and particularly relates to a high-precision six-component balance and a method.

Background

With the development of industrial measurement and control, the accurate measurement of six-dimensional force and moment components in three orthogonal directions in space is more and more extensive in the fields of aerospace, industrial robot mechanical arms and the like, and the six-component balance of the widely-used six-dimensional force sensor belongs to the application. The six-component balance applied in the existing wind tunnel test has the problems of complex structure, weak rigidity, small sensitivity, complex decoupling, large mutual interference influence and low precision especially between six-dimensional force and moment components.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-precision six-component balance and a method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the six-component balance in the prior art is low in measurement precision.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a high-precision six-component balance, which comprises an upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure and a lower end bearing, positioning and mounting structure, wherein the upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure is arranged on the upper end of the upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure; the upper end bearing and positioning installation structure and the lower end bearing and positioning installation structure are connected through a rectangular upright post; the rectangular upright post comprises an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, and the cross section of the upper part and the lower part of the rectangular upright post is larger than the cross section area of the middle part of the rectangular upright post;

the rectangular upright posts comprise a central rectangular upright post and a plurality of edge rectangular upright posts;

the central rectangular stand column is connected with the central positions of the upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure and the lower end bearing, positioning and mounting structure, and a plurality of edge rectangular stand columns are arranged in a central symmetry mode by taking the central rectangular stand column as the center;

resistance strain gauges are arranged on the central rectangular upright post and the edge rectangular upright posts, and the resistance strain gauges form a Wheatstone bridge and are respectively used for measuring an X-direction component force, a Y-direction component force, a Z-direction component moment, an X-direction component moment, a Y-direction component moment and a Z-direction component force.

Optionally, the end surfaces of the top end of the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure and the bottom end of the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure are respectively provided with a positioning bearing structure;

and one or more of a positioning pin hole, a convex positioning flat and a concave positioning key groove are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the top end of the upper bearing positioning mounting structure and the bottom end of the lower bearing positioning mounting structure.

Optionally, a housing is further disposed outside the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure and the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure, an electrical connector for an X-direction component force, a Y-direction component force, a Z-direction component moment, an X-direction component moment, a Y-direction component moment and a Z-direction component force is mounted on the housing, and the electrical connector is respectively connected to a wheatstone bridge for measuring the X-direction component force, the Y-direction component force, the Z-direction component moment, the X-direction component moment, the Y-direction component moment and the Z-direction component force through a measuring circuit board.

Optionally, the interference of the first end of the housing is matched and then welded and fixed on the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure; an annular groove is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure, a sealing ring is arranged between the second end of the shell and the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure in a sealing connection mode, and the sealing ring is arranged in the annular groove.

Optionally, a C-shaped gap of 0.02mm to 0.2mm is provided between the housing and the upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure, and the C-shaped gap is composed of: the upper end bears an annular transverse gap along the axial direction between the side wall of the annular groove and the shell, a radial annular vertical gap is formed between a circumferential table at the edge of the upper part of the upper end bearing positioning mounting structure and the structure extending towards the inner ring at the top of the shell, and a radial annular vertical gap is formed between the circumferential table at the edge of the lower part of the upper end bearing positioning mounting structure and the structure extending towards the inner ring in the shell.

Optionally, the electrical connector is configured to connect to a data acquisition system, measure an output electrical signal of the wheatstone bridge, and input an excitation signal to the wheatstone bridge.

Optionally, the number of the edge rectangular columns is 4, 4 the edge rectangular columns are respectively located on four vertexes of the diamond shape, the center rectangular column is arranged at the center of the diamond shape, and the connecting line of the two opposite vertexes of the diamond shape is parallel to the X axis or the Y axis.

The invention provides a component force and component moment measuring method based on the high-precision six-component balance, which comprises the following steps of:

respectively defining two edge rectangular columns with the connecting lines parallel to the Y axis as a first edge rectangular column and a second edge rectangular column, and respectively defining two edge rectangular columns with the connecting lines parallel to the X axis as a third edge rectangular column and a fourth edge rectangular column;

respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge on the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column and the second edge rectangular upright column and the side surface parallel to the X axis to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Mx partial moment;

respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge on the middle positions of the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column and the side surface parallel to the Y axis to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring the My partial moment;

respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge on the upper positions of the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column, the side surfaces parallel to the X axis and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Mz partial moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge to the lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column, the side surfaces parallel to the X axis and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Mz partial moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge on the upper positions of the first edge rectangular upright column and the second edge rectangular upright column, the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring the Mz partial moment;

or respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge on the lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright column and the second edge rectangular upright column and the side surface parallel to the Y axis at 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring the Mz partial moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge on the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column, the side surface parallel to the X axis and 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring the Mz component moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge on the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright column and the second edge rectangular upright column, the side surface parallel to the Y axis and 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring the Mz component moment;

or the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright column and the second edge rectangular upright column are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, 16 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the Mz moment is measured;

or the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column and the fourth edge rectangular column are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, and 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge, so that the Mz moment is measured;

or the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column and the fourth edge rectangular column are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the second edge rectangular column are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, and 12 positions are totally adhered with a resistance strain gauge respectively to form a Wheatstone bridge, so that the Mz moment is measured;

or 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge, and Mz component moment is measured;

or the upper part and the lower part of the fourth edge rectangular upright post are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper part and the lower part of the first edge rectangular upright post and the second edge rectangular upright post are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, and 12 positions are totally adhered with a resistance strain gauge respectively to form a Wheatstone bridge to measure Mz partial moment;

the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright post are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, 4 positions in total are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the component force of the Fx is measured;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge to the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column and the fourth edge rectangular column, the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis, and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the component force of the Fx;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge to the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column and the fourth edge rectangular column, the inner side surface parallel to the Y axis, and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the component force of the Fx;

or 8 positions of the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright column, the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis, the upper part and the lower part of the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column, the outer side surfaces parallel to the Y axis and the total number of the positions are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge so as to measure the component force Fx;

or 8 positions of the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright column, the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis, the upper part and the lower part of the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column, and the inner side surfaces parallel to the Y axis are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the component force of the Fx is measured;

or, 8 positions of the upper part and the lower part of the third edge rectangular column and the fourth edge rectangular column, the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis, the upper part and the lower part of the third edge rectangular column and the fourth edge rectangular column, and the inner side surface parallel to the Y axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge so as to measure the component force of Fx;

the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright post are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, 4 positions in total are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge, and Fy component force is measured;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge on the upper and lower parts of the first edge rectangular column and the second edge rectangular column and the outer side surface parallel to the X axis at 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge and measuring Fy component force;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge at the upper and lower parts of the first edge rectangular column and the second edge rectangular column and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis for 4 positions to form a Wheatstone bridge and measure Fy component force;

or 8 positions, namely the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular upright column, the side surfaces parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright column and the second edge rectangular upright column, and the outer side surfaces parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge, so that the Fy component force is measured;

or 8 positions of the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright column, the side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper part and the lower part of the first edge rectangular upright column and the second edge rectangular upright column, and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge so as to measure Fy component force;

or 8 positions in total, namely the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column and the second edge rectangular column, the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column and the second edge rectangular column, and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis, are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge, so as to measure Fy component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular column, the side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column and the second edge rectangular column, the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column and the second edge rectangular column, and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge to form a wheatstone bridge at 12 positions in total, and the Fy component force is measured;

four side surfaces in the middle of the central rectangular upright column are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge at 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measurement, and Fz component force is obtained;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge to the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column and the second edge rectangular upright column at 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Fz component force;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge to the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column at 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Fz component force;

or, 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge on the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the central rectangular upright, the first edge rectangular upright and the second edge rectangular upright, and Fz component force is measured;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge to the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the central rectangular upright column, the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column at 12 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Fz component force;

or 16 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge to form a Wheatstone bridge on the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column, the second edge rectangular upright column, the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column, and Fz component force is measured;

or, 20 resistance strain gauges are respectively adhered to the peripheral sides of the middle positions of the central rectangular upright column, the first edge rectangular upright column, the second edge rectangular upright column, the third edge rectangular upright column and the fourth edge rectangular upright column to form a Wheatstone bridge, and Fz component force is measured.

Optionally, the central rectangular column and the edge rectangular column are both of an integral structure formed by an upper part, a middle part and a lower part along the Z direction, and the cross section of the integral structure is rectangular.

Optionally, the sensitivity of measuring the Fx component force and the Fy component force is realized by adjusting the length and width of the rectangular cross section of the upper part and the lower part of the rectangular upright column along the direction Z along the direction X and the direction Y and the dimension along the direction Z;

the measurement sensitivity of Fz component force is realized by adjusting the length and width of the rectangular transverse section of the middle part of the rectangular upright column along the Z direction along the X direction and the Y direction;

the sensitivity of Mx partial moment and My partial moment measurement is realized by adjusting the central position of the rectangular upright post and the length and width dimensions of the rectangular transverse section in the middle part along the Z direction along the X direction and the Y direction;

the sensitivity of Mx partial moment measurement is realized by adjusting the distance between the diamond at the center of the rectangular upright post and the vertex of a diagonal line parallel to the Y axis and the length and width of the rectangular cross section in the middle along the Z direction along the X direction and the Y direction;

the sensitivity of My component moment measurement is realized by adjusting the distance between the diamond at the center of the rectangular upright post and the vertex of a diagonal line parallel to the X axis and the length and width of the rectangular cross section in the middle along the Z direction along the X direction and the Y direction;

the sensitivity of Mz partial moment measurement is realized by adjusting the central position of the rectangular upright column and the length and width dimensions of the rectangular transverse section of the upper part and the lower part along the Z direction and the dimension along the Z direction.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

1) the high-precision six-component balance provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a sensitive Wheatstone bridge formed by sticking three groups of resistance strain gauges on the side surface of the middle part of a plurality of regularly arranged upright columns, and the sensitive Wheatstone bridge is respectively used for measuring an X-direction component moment Mx, a Y-direction component moment My and a Z-direction component force Fz; three groups of resistance strain gauges are adhered to the side faces of the upper side and the lower side of the regularly arranged upright columns to form a sensitive Wheatstone bridge which is used for measuring an X-direction component force Fx, a Y-direction component force Fy and a Z-direction component moment Mz respectively; the self-decoupling design is realized through the structure and the mode, the mutual interference influence of the measured six-component force and the moment is small, and the triaxial six-component force and the moment applied to the high-precision six-component balance can be accurately measured.

2) The high-precision six-component balance provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts an integral body structure consisting of the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure, the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure and a plurality of regularly arranged stand columns, so that the structure is simplified, the processing is simple, the processing precision of key dimensions is ensured, and the optimal boundary conditions of high-precision positioning and high-precision measurement are realized; the cross section of the upper part and the lower part of the upright columns along the Z direction is rectangular, the length and the width of the upright columns are respectively larger than the length and the width of the rectangular cross section of the middle part, and the number of the upright columns is five, seven or nine, which are arranged according to a certain rule, so that the rigidity strength of the integral structure of the high-precision six-component balance is improved, and the test range is effectively increased.

3) According to the high-precision six-component balance provided by the embodiment of the invention, the sensitivity of six-component force and moment measurement can be effectively improved by adjusting the length, width and height of each part of the rectangular stand columns, the distance between the rectangular stand columns and the like, and the wide adaptability and serialization of the measurement range are realized.

4) According to the high-precision six-component balance provided by the embodiment of the invention, one end of the shell component is in interference fit and then is reliably fixed on the six-dimensional force-sensitive element in a welding mode, the other end of the shell component realizes sealing protection through the annular sealing structure, and overload protection is realized through the 0.02-0.2 mm C-shaped annular gap formed by the shell component and the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an appearance structure of a high-precision six-component balance according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic half-section view of a high precision six-component balance according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a rectangular column according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a gap structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top view of a rectangular column position in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an installation of a resistance strain gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which seven rectangular columns are provided;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which the number of rectangular columns is nine

In the figure, 1, the upper end bears a positioning installation structure; 2, the lower end bears a positioning installation structure; 3, a central rectangular upright post; 4, rectangular upright posts with edges; 41 a first edge rectangular stud; 42 a second edge rectangular post; 43 a third edge rectangular post; 44 a fourth edge rectangular post; 5 resistance strain gauge; 6 positioning the bearing structure; 7, a shell; 8 an electrical connector; 9, sealing rings; 10 gaps; 11 annular grooves.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a high-precision six-component balance is provided, which includes an upper bearing, positioning and mounting structure 1 and a lower bearing, positioning and mounting structure 2; the upper end bearing and positioning installation structure 1 and the lower end bearing and positioning installation structure 2 are connected through a rectangular upright post to form an integral six-dimensional force sensing structure; the rectangular upright column comprises an upper part, a middle part and a lower part along the Z direction, the cross section of the rectangular upright column is rectangular, and the cross section of the rectangular upright column at the upper part and the cross section of the rectangular upright column at the lower part are both larger than the cross section area of the rectangular upright column at the middle part.

Specifically, the rectangular upright posts comprise a central rectangular upright post 3 and a plurality of edge rectangular upright posts 4; when the number of the rectangular stand columns is five, the number of the edge rectangular stand columns 4 is 4, the 4 edge rectangular stand columns 4 are respectively positioned on four vertexes of the rhombus, the central rectangular stand column 3 is arranged in the center of the rhombus, and the connecting line of two opposite vertexes of the rhombus is parallel to an X axis or a Y axis.

The central rectangular upright post 3 is arranged at the central positions of the upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure 1 and the lower end bearing, positioning and mounting structure 2, and the plurality of edge rectangular upright posts 4 are arranged in central symmetry by taking the central rectangular upright post 3 as the center; the central rectangular upright column 3 and the edge rectangular upright columns 4 are respectively provided with a resistance strain gauge 5, and the resistance strain gauges 5 form a Wheatstone bridge and are respectively used for measuring an X-direction component force, a Y-direction component force, a Z-direction component moment, an X-direction component moment, a Y-direction component moment and a Z-direction component force.

As an example of this embodiment, the upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure 1 and the lower end bearing, positioning and mounting structure 2 are both circular, and the circle centers of the upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure 1 and the lower end bearing, positioning and mounting structure 2 are on the same axis.

As an example of the present embodiment, the central rectangular pillar 3 and the edge rectangular pillar 4 are each an integral structure composed of three parts, i.e., an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, in the Z direction, and the cross section is rectangular.

Preferably, the positioning bearing structures 6 are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the top end of the upper end bearing positioning mounting structure 1 and the bottom end of the lower end bearing positioning mounting structure 2.

As an example of this embodiment, the end surfaces of the top end of the upper bearing positioning mounting structure 1 and the bottom end of the lower bearing positioning mounting structure 2 are respectively provided with one or more of a positioning pin hole, a convex positioning flat and a concave positioning key groove.

The upper end bearing and positioning installation structure 1 and the lower end bearing and positioning installation structure 2 are also provided with a shell 7, the shell 7 is provided with an electric connector 8 for X-direction component force, Y-direction component force, Z-direction component moment, X-direction component moment, Y-direction component moment and Z-direction component force, and the electric connector 8 is respectively connected with a Wheatstone bridge for X-direction component force, Y-direction component force, Z-direction component moment, X-direction component moment, Y-direction component moment and Z-direction component force through a measuring circuit board. The electrical connector 8 is used for connecting a data acquisition system for measuring an output electrical signal of the wheatstone bridge and inputting an excitation signal to the wheatstone bridge.

As an example of the present embodiment, the first end of the housing 7 is welded and fixed on the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure 2 after being fitted with interference.

Preferably, an annular groove 11 is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure 1, a sealing ring 9 is arranged between the second end of the outer shell 7 and the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure 1 for sealing connection, and the sealing ring 9 is arranged in the annular groove 11; a C-shaped gap 10 of 0.02 mm-0.2 mm is arranged between the housing 7 and the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure 1, and as shown in fig. 4, the composition of the C-shaped gap 10 is as follows: the upper end bears an annular transverse gap between the side wall of the annular groove 11 of the positioning and mounting structure 1 and the shell 7 along the axial direction, a radial annular vertical gap between a circumferential table at the edge of the upper part of the positioning and mounting structure 1 and an extending structure of the top part of the shell 7 to the inner ring, and a radial annular vertical gap between a circumferential table at the edge of the lower part of the positioning and mounting structure 1 and the extending structure of the inner ring in the shell 7.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the two edge rectangular columns 4 whose connecting lines are parallel to the Y axis are respectively defined as a first edge rectangular column 41 and a second edge rectangular column 42, and the two edge rectangular columns 4 whose connecting lines are parallel to the X axis are respectively defined as a third edge rectangular column 43 and a fourth edge rectangular column 44;

respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column 41 and the second edge rectangular upright column 42 and the side surface parallel to the X axis at 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Mx partial moment;

respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the middle positions of a third edge rectangular upright column 43 and a fourth edge rectangular upright column 44 and the side surface parallel to the Y axis at 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the My component moment;

the upper positions of the third edge rectangular upright column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular upright column 44, the side surfaces parallel to the X axis, and 4 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz component moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the side surfaces parallel to the X axis, and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the upper positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis, and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis, and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the side surface parallel to the X axis, and 8 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz partial moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis, and 8 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz partial moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and 16 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz partial moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the second edge rectangular column 42 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz partial moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz partial moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the fourth edge rectangular column 44 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and a total of 12 positions are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz partial moment.

The upper and lower positions of the central rectangular upright post 3 are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, and 4 positions are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the component force of the Fx;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis, and 4 total positions are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fx component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the inner side surface parallel to the Y axis, and 4 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fx component force;

or, 8 positions of the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright post 3, the side surface parallel to the Y axis, the upper part and the lower part of the third edge rectangular upright post 43 and the fourth edge rectangular upright post 44, and the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the component force of the Fx;

or 8 positions of the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright post 3, the side surface parallel to the Y axis, the upper part and the lower part of the third edge rectangular upright post 43 and the fourth edge rectangular upright post 44, and the inner side surface parallel to the Y axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the component force of the Fx;

or, 8 positions in total of the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, and the inner side surface parallel to the Y axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fx component force;

the upper and lower parts of the central rectangular upright post 3 are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, and 4 positions are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Fy component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, and 4 total positions are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fy component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the inner side surface parallel to the X axis, and 4 total positions are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fy component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular column 3, the side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, and the outer side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 in 8 positions in total to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fy component force;

or, 8 positions of the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright post 3, the side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper part and the lower part of the first edge rectangular upright post 41 and the second edge rectangular upright post 42, and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Fy component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 in 8 positions in total to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fy component force;

or, 12 positions in total of the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular column 3, the side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fy component force;

four side surfaces in the middle of the central rectangular upright post 3 are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 at 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Fz component force;

or, the resistance strain gauges 5 are respectively adhered to the four side surfaces of the middle positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42 at 8 positions in total to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Fz component force;

or, the resistance strain gauges 5 are respectively adhered to the four side surfaces of the middle positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 at 8 positions in total to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Fz component force;

or, 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Fz component on the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the central rectangular upright 3, the first edge rectangular upright 41 and the second edge rectangular upright 42;

or, 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fz component on the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the central rectangular upright column 3, the third edge rectangular upright column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular upright column 44;

or, 16 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Fz component on the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column 41, the second edge rectangular upright column 42, the third edge rectangular upright column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular upright column 44;

or, the resistance strain gauges 5 are respectively adhered to the central rectangular column 3, the first edge rectangular column 41, the second edge rectangular column 42, the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 at 20 positions to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring the Fz component.

As shown in FIG. 6, in one embodiment of the present invention, an arrangement of the resistive strain gauges RFxC1, RFxT1, RFxC2 and RFxT2 are shown, and constitute a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the X-direction component force Fx;

the resistance strain gauges RFyC1, RFyT1, RFyC2 and RFyT2 form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Y-direction component force Fy;

the resistance strain gauges RFZC1, RFZT1, RFZC2 and RFZT2 form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Z-direction component force Fz;

resistance strain gauges RMxC1, RMxT1, RMxC2 and RMxT2 form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring an X-direction partial moment Mx;

resistance strain gauges RMyC1, RMyT1, RMyC2 and RMyT2 form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Y-direction partial moment My;

resistive strain gauges RMzC1, RMzT1, RMzC2, RMzT2, RMzC3, RMzT3, RMzC4 and RMzT4 form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Z-direction component moment Mz.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, to realize a wider range of six-component force and moment measurement, the number of rectangular columns may be seven or nine in a regular arrangement, and the side surface of each rectangular column is parallel or perpendicular to the X axis and the Y axis.

two edge rectangular columns 4 with the connecting lines parallel to the Y axis are respectively defined as a first edge rectangular column 41 and a second edge rectangular column 42, and two edge rectangular columns 4 with the connecting lines parallel to the X axis are respectively defined as a third edge rectangular column 43 and a fourth edge rectangular column 44;

respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column 41 and the second edge rectangular upright column 42 and the side surface parallel to the X axis at 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Mx partial moment;

respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the middle positions of a third edge rectangular upright column 43 and a fourth edge rectangular upright column 44 and the side surface parallel to the Y axis at 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring the My component moment;

respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the upper positions of a third edge rectangular upright column 43 and a fourth edge rectangular upright column 44, the side surfaces parallel to the X axis and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Mz partial moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the side surfaces parallel to the X axis and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring the Mz component moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the upper positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis, and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz component moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis, and 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz component moment;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the side surface parallel to the X axis, and 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz component moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis, and 8 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Mz partial moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and 16 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Mz moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Mz partial moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the second edge rectangular column 42 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Mz partial moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Mz partial moment;

or, the upper and lower positions of the fourth edge rectangular column 44 are parallel to the side of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42 are parallel to the side of the Y axis, and 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Mz partial moment;

the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular upright post 3 are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, 4 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the component force of Fx is measured;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis, and 4 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Fx component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the inner side surface parallel to the Y axis, and 4 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Fx component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular column 3, the side surface parallel to the Y axis, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis, and 8 total positions are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the component force of Fx;

or, 8 positions of the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright post 3, the side surface parallel to the Y axis, the upper part and the lower part of the third edge rectangular upright post 43 and the fourth edge rectangular upright post 44, and the inner side surface parallel to the Y axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the component force of the Fx is measured;

or, 8 positions in total of the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44, and the inner side surface parallel to the Y axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, and the Fx component force is measured;

the upper and lower parts of the central rectangular upright post 3 are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, 4 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge, and Fy component force is measured;

or, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, and 4 total positions are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Fy component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the inner side surface parallel to the X axis, and 4 total positions are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Fy component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular column 3, the side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, and a resistance strain gauge 5 are respectively adhered to 8 positions in total to form a wheatstone bridge to measure the Fy component;

or, the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular column 3, the side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 in 8 positions in total to form a wheatstone bridge for measuring Fy component force;

or, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 in 8 positions in total to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Fy component force;

or, 12 positions in total of the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular column 3, the side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column 41 and the second edge rectangular column 42, and the inner side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge, so as to measure the Fy component force;

four side surfaces in the middle of the central rectangular upright post 3 are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge 5 to form a Wheatstone bridge for measurement and Fz component force in 4 positions in total;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright 41 and the second edge rectangular upright 42 at 8 positions in total to form a wheatstone bridge, and measuring the Fz component force;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 at 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Fz component force;

or, 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge on the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the central rectangular upright post 3, the first edge rectangular upright post 41 and the second edge rectangular upright post 42, so as to measure the Fz component force;

or, respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge 5 to the side surfaces around the middle positions of the central rectangular upright column 3, the third edge rectangular upright column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular upright column 44 at 12 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring Fz component force;

or, 16 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge 5 to form a wheatstone bridge on the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column 41, the second edge rectangular upright column 42, the third edge rectangular upright column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular upright column 44, so as to measure the Fz component;

or, the resistance strain gauges 5 are respectively adhered to the peripheral sides of the middle positions of the central rectangular column 3, the first edge rectangular column 41, the second edge rectangular column 42, the third edge rectangular column 43 and the fourth edge rectangular column 44 at 20 positions in total to form a wheatstone bridge, and the Fz component force is measured.

In this embodiment, a method for adjusting sensitivity is further provided, which specifically includes:

the sensitivity of the measurement of the Fx component force and the Fy component force is realized by adjusting the rectangular crosscut sections of the upper part and the lower part of the rectangular upright column along the Z direction, the length and the width along the X direction and the Y direction and the dimension along the Z direction; the sensitivity of Fz component measurement is realized by adjusting the rectangular transverse section of the rectangular upright column along the Z direction and the length and width of the rectangular upright column along the X direction and the Y direction; the sensitivity of Mx partial moment and My partial moment measurement is realized by adjusting the central position of the rectangular upright post and the rectangular transverse section in the middle along the Z direction and the length and width dimensions along the X direction and the Y direction; the sensitivity of Mx partial moment measurement is realized by adjusting the distance between the diamond at the center of the rectangular upright post and the vertex of a diagonal line parallel to the Y axis and the length and width of the rectangular cross section in the middle along the Z direction along the X direction and the Y direction; the sensitivity of My component moment measurement is realized by adjusting the distance between the diamond at the center of the rectangular upright and the vertex of a diagonal line parallel to the X axis and the length and width of the rectangular cross section in the middle along the Z direction along the X direction and the Y direction; the sensitivity of Mz partial moment measurement is realized by adjusting the central position of the rectangular upright column and the length and width dimensions of the rectangular transverse section of the upper part and the lower part along the Z direction and the dimension along the Z direction.

As shown in fig. 5, the sensitivity of the Fx component and Fy component measurement is realized by adjusting the length dimension b along the X direction, the width dimension b1 along the Y direction and the dimension h along the Z direction of the rectangular cross section of the two parts of the rectangular upright column along the Z direction; the sensitivity of the measurement of Fz component force can be realized by adjusting the length dimension a of the rectangular cross section of the rectangular upright post along the Z direction in the X direction and the width dimension a1 along the Y direction; the sensitivity of Mx partial moment measurement can be realized by adjusting the central position dimension L1 of the rectangular upright post and the transverse cross section of the rectangle in the Z direction along the X direction length dimension a and the Y direction width dimension a1, and the sensitivity of My partial moment measurement can be realized by adjusting the central position dimension L of the rectangular upright post and the transverse cross section of the rectangle in the Z direction along the X direction length dimension a and the Y direction width dimension a 1; sensitivity of the Mz partial moment measurement can be achieved by adjusting the center position L, L1 of the five rectangular columns and the rectangular cross section of the upper and lower parts along the Z direction along the length dimension b in the X direction, the width dimension b1 in the Y direction and the dimension h in the Z direction. According to the high-precision six-component balance, through the mode and the coordinated design, the sensitivity of six-component force and moment measurement can be effectively improved.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A high-precision six-component balance is characterized by comprising an upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure (1) and a lower end bearing, positioning and mounting structure (2); the upper end bearing and positioning installation structure (1) is connected with the lower end bearing and positioning installation structure (2) through a rectangular upright post; the rectangular upright column comprises an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, and the cross section of the upper part and the lower part of the rectangular upright column is larger than the cross section area of the middle part of the rectangular upright column;

the rectangular upright posts comprise a central rectangular upright post (3) and a plurality of edge rectangular upright posts (4);

the central rectangular upright post (3) is connected with the central positions of the upper end bearing, positioning and mounting structure (1) and the lower end bearing, positioning and mounting structure (2), and the edge rectangular upright posts (4) are arranged in a central symmetry manner by taking the central rectangular upright post (3) as the center;

resistance strain gauges (5) are arranged on the central rectangular upright column (3) and the edge rectangular upright columns (4), and the resistance strain gauges (5) form a Wheatstone bridge and are respectively used for measuring an X-direction component force, a Y-direction component force, a Z-direction component moment, an X-direction component moment, a Y-direction component moment and a Z-direction component moment.

2. The high-precision six-component balance according to claim 1, wherein the end surfaces of the top end of the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure (1) and the bottom end of the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure (2) are respectively provided with a positioning bearing structure (6);

and one or more of a positioning pin hole, a convex positioning flat and a concave positioning key groove are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the top end of the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure (1) and the bottom end of the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure (2).

3. The high-precision six-component balance according to claim 1, wherein a housing (7) is further arranged outside the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure (1) and the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure (2), an electric connector (8) for an X-direction component force, a Y-direction component force, a Z-direction component moment, an X-direction component moment, a Y-direction component moment and a Z-direction component force is mounted on the housing (7), and the electric connector (8) is respectively connected with a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the X-direction component force, the Y-direction component force, the Z-direction component moment, the X-direction component moment, the Y-direction component moment and the Z-direction component force through a measuring circuit board.

4. A high-precision six-component balance according to claim 3, wherein the first end of the housing (7) is welded and fixed on the lower end bearing and positioning mounting structure (2) after interference fit; an annular groove (11) is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure (1), a sealing ring (9) is arranged between the second end of the shell (7) and the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure (1) and is in sealing connection with the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure, and the sealing ring (9) is arranged in the annular groove (11).

5. A high-precision six-component balance according to claim 4, wherein a C-shaped gap (10) of 0.02 mm-0.2 mm is provided between the housing (7) and the upper end bearing and positioning mounting structure (1), and the composition of the C-shaped gap (10) is as follows: the upper end bears an annular transverse gap between the side wall of the annular groove (11) and the shell (7) along the axial direction of the positioning and mounting structure (1), a radial annular vertical gap between a circumferential table at the edge of the upper part of the positioning and mounting structure (1) and an inward ring extending structure at the top of the shell (7) is borne by the upper end, and a radial annular vertical gap between a circumferential table at the edge of the lower part of the positioning and mounting structure (1) and the inward ring extending structure in the shell (7) is borne by the upper end.

6. A high accuracy six-component balance according to claim 3, wherein the electrical connectors (8) are used to connect a data acquisition system, measure the output electrical signal of the wheatstone bridge, and input the excitation signal to the wheatstone bridge.

7. A high-precision six-component balance according to claim 1, wherein the number of the edge rectangular columns (4) is 4, the 4 edge rectangular columns (4) are respectively located at four vertexes of a diamond, the central rectangular column (3) is arranged at the center of the diamond, and the connecting line of the two opposite vertexes of the diamond is parallel to the X axis or the Y axis.

8. A component force and component moment measuring method based on the high-precision six-component balance of claim 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

respectively defining two edge rectangular columns (4) with the connecting lines parallel to the Y axis as a first edge rectangular column (41) and a second edge rectangular column (42), and respectively defining two edge rectangular columns (4) with the connecting lines parallel to the X axis as a third edge rectangular column (43) and a fourth edge rectangular column (44);

the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column (41) and the second edge rectangular upright column (42) and the side surfaces parallel to the X axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) in 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Mx partial moment;

the middle positions of the third edge rectangular upright column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright column (44) and the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) in 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the My component moment;

the upper positions of the third edge rectangular upright column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright column (44) and the side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge (5) in 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Mz component moment;

or the lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright column (44) and the side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge (5) in 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz component moment;

or the upper positions of the first edge rectangular upright column (41) and the second edge rectangular upright column (42) and the side surfaces parallel to the Y axis are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge (5) in 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge to measure the Mz component moment;

or respectively sticking a resistance strain gauge (5) to the lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright column (41) and the second edge rectangular upright column (42) and the side surface parallel to the Y axis on 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and measuring the Mz component moment;

or the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright column (44) and the side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge (5) in 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring the Mz moment;

or the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright column (41) and the second edge rectangular upright column (42) and the side surface parallel to the Y axis are respectively stuck with one resistance strain gauge (5) in 8 positions to form a Wheatstone bridge, and Mz partial moment is measured;

or the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular column (44) are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column (41) and the second edge rectangular column (42) are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, 16 positions are totally adhered with one resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge, and Mz component moment is measured;

or the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular column (44) are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column (41) are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, 12 positions are counted, and a resistance strain gauge (5) is respectively adhered to the positions to form a Wheatstone bridge, so that the Mz component moment is measured;

or the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright column (44) are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the second edge rectangular upright column (42) are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, and 12 positions are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge so as to measure Mz moment;

or the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright column (43) are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright column (41) and the second edge rectangular upright column (42) are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, and 12 positions are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge so as to measure Mz moment;

or the upper and lower positions of the fourth edge rectangular column (44) are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column (41) and the second edge rectangular column (42) are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, 12 positions are counted, and a resistance strain gauge (5) is respectively adhered to the positions to form a Wheatstone bridge, so that the Mz component moment is measured;

4 positions, namely the upper position and the lower position of the central rectangular upright post (3) and the side surface parallel to the Y axis, are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge so as to measure the component force Fx;

or 4 positions in total of the upper and lower parts of the third edge rectangular column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular column (44) and the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the component force of Fx is measured;

or 4 positions of the upper part and the lower part of the third edge rectangular column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular column (44) are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge in total parallel to the inner side surface of the Y axis, and the component force of the Fx is measured;

or the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular upright post (3) are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright post (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright post (44) are parallel to the outer side surface of the Y axis, and 8 positions are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge so as to measure the component force of Fx;

or the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular upright post (3) are parallel to the side surface of the Y axis, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright post (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright post (44) are parallel to the inner side surface of the Y axis, and a resistance strain gauge (5) is respectively adhered to the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular upright post and the fourth edge rectangular upright post in total of 8 positions to form a Wheatstone bridge to measure the component force of Fx;

or 8 positions in total of the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular column (44), the outer side surface parallel to the Y axis, the upper and lower positions of the third edge rectangular column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular column (44), and the inner side surface parallel to the Y axis are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the component force of Fx is measured;

the upper part and the lower part of the central rectangular upright post (3) are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, 4 positions in total are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge, and Fy component force is measured;

or the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column (41) and the second edge rectangular column (42) and the outer side surface parallel to the X axis are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge (5) in 4 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge to measure Fy component force;

or the upper and lower parts of the first edge rectangular column (41) and the second edge rectangular column (42) are respectively stuck with a resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge at 4 positions in total parallel to the inner side surface of the X axis, so as to measure Fy component force;

or the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular upright column (3) are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright column (41) and the second edge rectangular upright column (42) are parallel to the outer side surface of the X axis, and 8 positions are counted to respectively stick one resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge, so that the Fy component force is measured;

or the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular upright post (3) are parallel to the side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright post (41) and the second edge rectangular upright post (42) are parallel to the inner side surface of the X axis, and 8 positions are totally adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge, so that the Fy component force is measured;

or the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column (41) and the second edge rectangular column (42) are parallel to the outer side surface of the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular column (41) and the second edge rectangular column (42) are parallel to the inner side surface of the X axis, and a resistance strain gauge (5) is respectively adhered to 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge to measure Fy component force;

or the upper and lower positions of the central rectangular upright post (3), the side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright post (41) and the second edge rectangular upright post (42), the outer side surface parallel to the X axis, the upper and lower positions of the first edge rectangular upright post (41) and the second edge rectangular upright post (42), the inner side surface parallel to the X axis, and 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge so as to measure Fy component force;

four side surfaces in the middle of the central rectangular upright post (3) are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge for measurement and Fz component;

or the four side surfaces of the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column (41) and the second edge rectangular upright column (42) are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge (5) in 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and Fz component force is measured;

or the four side surfaces of the middle positions of the third edge rectangular upright column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright column (44) are respectively adhered with a resistance strain gauge (5) in 8 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Fz component force;

or the four side surfaces of the middle positions of the central rectangular upright post (3), the first edge rectangular upright post (41) and the second edge rectangular upright post (42) are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge (5) in 12 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Fz component force;

or 12 positions in total are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge (5) to form a Wheatstone bridge on the peripheral side surfaces of the middle positions of the central rectangular upright column (3), the third edge rectangular upright column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright column (44), and Fz component force is measured;

or the peripheral sides of the middle positions of the first edge rectangular upright column (41), the second edge rectangular upright column (42), the third edge rectangular upright column (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright column (44) are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge (5) at 16 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge for measuring Fz component force;

or the four side surfaces of the middle positions of the central rectangular upright post (3), the first edge rectangular upright post (41), the second edge rectangular upright post (42), the third edge rectangular upright post (43) and the fourth edge rectangular upright post (44) are respectively adhered with one resistance strain gauge (5) in 20 positions in total to form a Wheatstone bridge, and Fz component force is measured.

9. The component force and component moment measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the central rectangular column (3) and the edge rectangular column (4) are of an integral structure consisting of an upper part, a middle part and a lower part along the Z direction, and the cross section of the integral structure is rectangular.

10. The component force and component moment measuring method according to claim 8, wherein the sensitivity of the Fx component force and the Fy component force measurement is realized by adjusting the length and width dimensions of the rectangular cross section of the rectangular upright column along the upper part and the lower part of the Z direction along the X direction and the Y direction and the dimension along the Z direction;