CN1145753C - 显示装置 - Google Patents

显示装置 Download PDF

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CN1145753C
CN1145753C CNB008049602A CN00804960A CN1145753C CN 1145753 C CN1145753 C CN 1145753C CN B008049602 A CNB008049602 A CN B008049602A CN 00804960 A CN00804960 A CN 00804960A CN 1145753 C CN1145753 C CN 1145753C
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optical waveguide
light
chirality
mutually
row
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CN1343290A (zh
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H・J・科尔尼利森
H·J·科尔尼利森
布雷尔
D·J·布雷尔
挛特
P·范德维特
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0056—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133524—Light-guides, e.g. fibre-optic bundles, louvered or jalousie light-guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0031—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133543—Cholesteric polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/13355—Polarising beam splitters [PBS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133616—Front illuminating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

反射型显示装置(1)具有一个光波导(18)，该光波导将来自于侧面的光(20)分为具有相反圆偏振的两束光(21，22)。在具有手性相列结构的光波导(18)中的界面处实现偏振分束。

Description

显示装置
本发明涉及一种显示装置，包括具有一个第一基板的图像显示板，该基板在像素区具有光反射电极；一个包括由光透明材料制成的光波导的照明系统，该光波导具有面向图像显示板的出射面和多个端面，至少有一个所述端面做为光入射面，而光束可被耦合到光波导的该端面。
图像显示板可包括诸如液晶材料或电致变色材料的电光介质(处于两基板之间)。也可以以静电力(可变形反射镜)为基础。
本发明还涉及一种用于该显示装置的照明单元(或前光照明)和制作该照明单元的方法。
这种反射式显示装置被用于如膝上电脑、移动电话、个人备忘记事本等的便携式设备。为了节省能量，当具有充足环境光的情况下，最好光源可被设置为关闭状态。
在WO 99/22268(PHN 16.374)中已经披露一种以上所提到的显示装置。在此文挡中描述的光波导中，由光源发出的非偏振光被分成两束相互垂直的偏振光分量。通过将非偏振光入射到折射率为np的各向同性材料和折射率为no和ne的各向异性材料的界面处实现偏振分束，两折射率no或ne其中之一等于或基本等于np。当非偏振光入射到该界面时，在穿过各向同性和各向异性材料时没有表现出任何折射率差别的光束分量以非偏转的形式穿过，而另一束光分量被偏转或反射。两束光分量其中之一随后穿过偏振器到达反射式液晶板。所示出的光波导与在光波导观察一侧上具有凹槽结构(微棱镜)的公知光波导相比表现出更小的图像失真。该图像失真的产生是由于凹槽结构具有不同的斜度，导致多个图像形成。通常，通过提供具有互补凹槽结构的光学补偿器来防止这种多个图像的形成。
不过，在WO 99/22268(PHN 16.374)所描述的显示装置中，在各向同性和各向异性材料之间区域的界面上在观察方向产生杂散光。
另外，被偏折到图像显示板方向的光在到达反射像素之前有时会在图像显示板和光波导中经受部分反射。
对于基于凹槽结构的光波导也具有这些缺陷，甚至具有更大程度的缺陷。
也就是，本发明的一个目的是提供对上述问题的一种解决方案。
为了达到这个目的，根据本发明的显示装置的特点在于，光波导处于图像显示板与圆偏振器之间，该光波导包括使入射光基本成为圆偏振光的偏振装置。在本申请中，术语圆也被理解为“椭圆”。在某种条件下(当较小的对比度足够时)还可能利用椭圆偏振光进行工作。
该偏振片可以集成在显示装置中。
该偏振装置具有与已知装置相似的功能，即光源发出的具有一种偏振态(例如左旋偏振态)的称为偏振光束的光被偏折到图像显示板的方向。同时，由观察一侧出射的光(在同一例中为右旋偏振光)不穿过偏振片。
由于偏振作用，光源所发射的非偏振光束被分成两束相反的偏振光分量(左旋和右旋)。例如通过使非偏振光入射到各向同性材料与诸如设置在例如凹槽结构中的手性相列液晶材料或(带有图案的)手性相列网络的手性相列材料之间的界面处而得到偏振分束。当非偏振光入射到这种界面时，一种螺旋性光分量无偏折地穿过各向同性与手性相列材料之间的过渡段，而另一种螺旋性光束分量被偏折或反射。
一个较好实施例的特征在于凹槽内的手性相列液晶材料或手性相列聚合物网络的螺距发生变化。从而可以得到具有更大带宽的反射光。
制造这种具有将入射光进行圆(或椭圆)偏振的照明单元(或前光照明)的第一种方法的特征在于，透明主体的一个表面上设置有凹槽，凹槽内的透明主体具有手性相列液晶材料或手性相列聚合物网络。
第二种方法的特征是透明主体的一个表面上具有一种局部被转变为各向同性材料的手性相列材料。
本发明的这些和其它方面根据下面参照实施例对其进行说明的是显而易见的。
在附图中：
图1为根据本发明一个实施例的反射型显示装置的剖面图。
图2为光波导的剖面图，而
图3和4为图2中光波导的变形，和
图5到7为在多个可能的制造方法的一个阶段中光波导的剖面图。
这些图是示意性的，没有按比例画出。相同的元件通常具有相同标号。
图1中示意性给出的显示装置1包括一个图像显示板2和一个照明系统(或前光照明)8。
图像显示板2包括设置在两基板3、4之间的基于扭转相列(TN)、超扭转相列(STN)或铁电效应的一种液晶材料5，用以调制入射光的偏振方向。该图像显示板包括例如一个像素矩阵，在基板3上提供有光反射图象电极用于该像素矩阵。基板4是透光的并具有一个或多个例如ITO(氧化铟锡)的透光电极7。通过连接线6’、7’为图象电极提供电压，驱动装置9为连接线6’、7’提供驱动电压。以已知方法为该基板和电极涂敷取向层15。
照明系统8包括一个由光透明材料制成的具有四个端面10、10’的光波导。光源12所发出的光通过该端面其中一个，例如10，被耦合进光波导18。光源12被置于这个端面的对面光源12可以是，例如棒型的荧光灯。该光源也可以由一个或多个发光二极管(LED)构成，特别是在具有小图像显示板的诸如移动电话的平板显示装置中。而且，光源12可以是可拆卸的。
光波导8的出射面16面对图像显示板2。没有光被耦合到其中的透明板的每个端面10’可以被提供一个反射镜。用这种方法，防止了没有在出射面16被耦合出并随之穿过光波导且到达一个端面的光经由该端面10’离开光波导11。
为了防止没有对照明系统的输出作出贡献的光离开光波导18，最好通过耦合装置13将灯12的光耦合进光波导18中，例如通过将进入光束相对于出射面16、17的角度限制在例如15度的楔形光波导。另外，因为没有杂散光，对比度得到增强。
灯12的光束20以下面所描述的一种方式被转换为圆偏振光，使得一种螺旋性的大部分光朝着反射型图像显示板2偏折(光束21)，并且取决于像素的状态，以相同或相反的旋转性反射(光束22)。在本例中，在像素上被反射之后，具有相反螺旋性的圆偏振光被相位板或延迟器24转变为线性偏振光，并以这样的方向到达偏振片25使反射光被吸收。相似地，具有相同螺旋性的偏振光穿过偏振片25。
在内表面(例如表面16)上反射的寄生的光具有与光束22相反的螺旋性，也被延迟器24转变为被偏振片25吸收的线偏振光(光束26)。光波导18内由于内反射所产生的杂散光也被偏振片25吸收(光束27)。
图2为可达到上述效果的光波导的第一实施例的剖面图。光波导18在出射表面19上具有多个凹槽30，凹槽中填充有手性相列液晶混合物并覆盖有20～50μm厚的诸如丙烯或玻璃的板31。在面对光源的侧面，凹槽最好以45度角延伸到表面19，从而通过凹槽耦合出的光21以基本垂直于显示装置2方向的表面16的方式离开光波导。从而得到反射型显示装置2的非常有效地照明。由于凹槽中填充有手性相列液晶材料，取决于所使用的材料和表面处理，左旋或右旋圆偏振光被反射(光束21)。在该实施例中，左旋光在由手性相列液晶材料的螺距p和折射率no、ne(ne：非常折射率，no：寻常折射率)所确定的光谱范围内被偏折；波长处于λe＝ne·p和λo＝no·p范围内的光被反射。由于在表面16、19上的反射并且由于适当选择的光束20的入射角，右旋偏振光20’保留在光波导19内，在内反射之后右旋偏振光能够再次被反射到凹槽30上。
在图3的例子中，凹槽30中具有手性相列聚合物网络。以这样的方式适配每个凹槽30R、30G、30B中手性相列材料的螺距，使红(光束21R)，蓝(光束21B)和绿(光束21G)光被反射并以基本垂直于显示装置2的方向的表面16的方式离开光波导。那些与图2中相同的元件用相同标号表示。用这种方法，不同凹槽耦合光谱的不同部分，可能对光源12的波长进行非常好的调节，特别是当为了这个目的而使用的具有窄发射光谱的LED时。当液晶材料和螺距的选择将反射带限制到一个非常窄的带时(至多等于LED所发射的光谱)，在用于反射的过程中(当光源12被关掉)待反射的光和反射的光具有最小程度地被干扰。
凹槽30内手性相列材料的螺距可能也变化到这样一种程度，使宽光谱被反射，从而每个凹槽30反射光束21R、21G和21B(图4)。
最好是通过具有低折射率的透明粘合剂将彼此相关的部分(显示装置、光波导和延迟器-偏振片组合)相互固定在一起。选择低折射率还可以防止上述的寄生光反射。
图5到7给出了一种不具有微凹槽但是产生朝着反射型显示板2反射的圆偏振光的光波导的制造方法。在例如是玻璃的基本的基板32上设置手性相列液晶聚合物材料的一薄层33，并且如果需要，该薄层被镀上各向同性透明保护涂层34。在这种情况下，涂层34基本上通过以45°角入射的激光束35制成局部各向同性。在没有被照射的区域手性相列液晶聚合物材料保持各向异性。通过适当选择各向同性和各向异性的区域的比例，得到具有区域30的光波导，区域30将入射光束转变为以显示装置2的方向离开光波导的光束21。
在图8、9所示的方法中，该基板上涂敷有手性相列单体的混合物，然后该混合物在相当于低于各向同性转变温度时通过掩模36(例如，利用UV线37再次以45度角入射)被曝光。从而该手性相列排序被部分地冻结(区域30)。接着将该装置加热到高于各向同性转变温度(例如通过热辐射)使得未曝光部分39变为各向同性的，并且通过局部照明38(泛光曝光)固定成聚合物网络。
最后，图10中所示的方法利用“光致异构”手性相列聚合物，将一层光致异构材料设置在基本的基板与涂层之间。选择该材料(螺距，折射率)使之反射所需波长。通过利用掩模36的局部UV照射，所反射的波长朝着例如红外的更长波长偏移。未曝光区域30继续反射所需波长，而其他反射对于人眼来说是不可见的。
本发明的保护范围不限于所述实施例。已经指出还可以使用椭圆偏振光，虽然这样是以抑制杂散光为代价的。还可以使用其它电光效应，例如电致变色效应。正如本文开始部分所述，还可以使用包括可变形反射镜的显示装置。通过提供1/4λ板(的图样)，结合一个线性反射镜和/或镜子，也可以在光波导中得到圆偏振光。本发明存在于每个新颖的特性以及这些特性的组合中。权利要求中的参数不限定它们的保护范围。术语“包括”和其动词变化的使用不排除存在权利要求中没有提及的其它元件。在元件前冠词“一个”的使用，不排除出现多个这种元件。

Claims (11)

1.一种显示装置，包括一个具有在像素区设置有光反射电极的第一基板的图像显示板，一个包括光透明材料的光波导、具有一个面对该图像显示板的出射面和多个端面的照明系统，至少一个所述端面为光入射面，光能够被耦合入所述光波导的该端面，其中，光波导设置在图像显示板与圆偏振器之间，该光波导包括用于将进入光基本转变为圆偏振光的偏振装置，该偏振装置设置在面对该图像显示板的光波导出射面的凹槽中。
2.如权利要求1所述的显示装置，特征在于该图像显示板包括一个第二透光基板和夹在两基板之间的电光材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的显示装置，特征在于该偏振装置包括一种手性相列液晶材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的显示装置，特征在于该偏振装置包括一种手性相列聚合物网络。
5.如权利要求1所述的显示装置，特征在于凹槽内手性相列液晶材料或手性相列聚合物网络的螺距是变化的。
6.如权利要求3或4所述的显示装置，特征在于该偏振装置包括处于光波导中的一个图案化手性相列聚合物网络。
7.一种前光照明，包括一个由光透明材料制成、具有一个出射面和多个端面的光波导，至少一个所述端面为光入射面，而光可以被耦合进光波导的该端面，该前光照明的特征在于光波导包括将进入光转变为圆偏振光的偏振装置，该偏振装置设置在光波导出射面的凹槽中。
8.如权利要求7所述的前光照明，特征在于该偏振装置包括一种手性相列液晶材料。
9.如权利要求7所述的前光照明，特征在于该偏振装置包括一种手性相列聚合物网络。
10.如权利要求7所述的前光照明，特征在于凹槽内手性相列液晶材料或手性相列聚合物网络的螺距是变化的。
11.如权利要求8或9所述的前光照明，特征在于该偏振装置包括一种处于光波导中的图案化手性相列聚合物网络。
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