CN114574669A - Through shaft and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Through shaft and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114574669A
CN114574669A CN202210142296.5A CN202210142296A CN114574669A CN 114574669 A CN114574669 A CN 114574669A CN 202210142296 A CN202210142296 A CN 202210142296A CN 114574669 A CN114574669 A CN 114574669A
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Prior art keywords
quenching
shaft
temperature
treatment
rolling
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CN202210142296.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
巨波
王文明
陈英雷
宋继龙
任启华
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Shandong Huifeng Transmission Co ltd
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Shandong Huifeng Transmission Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12Torque-transmitting axles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/28Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a through shaft, which comprises the following steps: heating the round bar stock, rolling the round bar stock by cross wedge rolling, and rolling and molding the rod part of the through shaft; locally heating the unformed part, putting the unformed part into a forging die, and forging and forming the flange plate of the through shaft by adopting a closed die; carrying out quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the formed blank piece, and then machining; and performing surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment on the machined blank, and then performing finish machining to obtain a finished product. According to the invention, through rolling and forging, and matching with the quenching and tempering processes and the surface medium frequency quenching heat treatment, the prepared product has uniform ferrite and pearlite structures at the core part, the structure is stabilized to 1-3 level, the hardness uniformity is higher, the consistency of the same section is less than 3HRC, a uniform and continuous quenched martensite structure is obtained during final surface quenching, and the strength of the product is obviously improved.

Description

Through shaft and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of through shaft production, in particular to a through shaft and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Heavy goods vehicles are generally double rear axles, if the heavy goods vehicles are respectively driven, two transmission shafts are required to be output from a gearbox or a transfer case is added, the heavy goods vehicles are heavy and complicated, at present, through shafts are designed on a middle axle to solve the problem, and one transmission shaft simultaneously drives two rear axles. The through shaft plays a role of a balance shaft, the through shaft can enable the rear axle and the middle rear axle to be capable of bearing uniformly, bearing is large, the tire can be easily warped, and large-amplitude movement is achieved without affecting other three-side tires.
Therefore, the structural strength of the through shaft is highly required. The current through shaft production is generally in a forging or swing grinding mode, and due to the structural particularity of the through shaft: the through shaft typically includes a through shaft portion and a through shaft flange, and is typically longer. When production is carried out through the existing forging or swing grinding mode, the forging die needs to preset a large inclination and needs to put a plurality of steps to easily cause that a product cannot be forged and formed, the swing grinding can only be carried out local forming, a rod part is usually kept in a round steel state and is not subjected to sufficient forging deformation, the core body tissue hardly meets the requirement, and finally, a thick quenched martensite tissue is obtained when surface quenching is caused, and the whole shaft strength is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a through shaft and a method for manufacturing the same. According to the invention, through rolling and forging, and matching with the quenching and tempering processes and the surface medium-frequency quenching heat treatment, the core structure of the prepared product is uniform, the hardness dispersion is small, the surface quenching layer is uniformly distributed, a fine martensite structure is obtained, the ideal grade 5-6 (the rating standard is according to GB/T13320-2007) can be usually achieved, and the comprehensive strength of the product is obviously improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a through shaft, comprising the steps of:
(1) heating the round bar stock, rolling the round bar stock by cross wedge rolling, and rolling and molding the rod part of the through shaft;
(2) locally heating the unformed part, putting the unformed part into a forging die, and forging and forming the flange plate of the through shaft by adopting a closed die; designing a cross wedge rolling die and a forging die according to a product blank drawing;
(3) carrying out quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the formed blank piece, and then machining;
during quenching treatment, the blank is heated and insulated firstly, and then is immersed into quenching liquid for quenching, wherein the heating and insulation comprises five stages, the temperature of the first stage is 650-;
(4) and performing surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment on the machined blank, and then performing finish machining to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, in the step (1), the round bar stock is heated to 1000-.
Preferably, in the step (2), the unformed part is locally heated to 1000-1150 ℃, and the temperature of the final forging stage is 850-900 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the flange of the through shaft is forged and molded by the forging die in a manner that the unformed part is on the top and the molded through shaft part is on the bottom.
Preferably, in the step (3), the quenching liquid is PAG quenching liquid, the concentration of the quenching liquid is 2-5%, the temperature of the quenching liquid is 30-50 ℃, and the quenching time is not less than 5 min.
Preferably, in the step (3), during the tempering treatment, the tempering heat preservation is performed in five stages, wherein the temperature in the first stage is 350-. Through the quenching and tempering processes, the blank with a uniform tempered sorbite structure is obtained;
preferably, in the step (3), the steel is immersed in water for water cooling after being tempered, heat-preserved and discharged from the furnace, and the water cooling time is not less than 5 min.
Preferably, in the step (4), the MF current is 480-500A, the voltage is 380-400V, the MF frequency is 2000-2200HZ, the rotating speed of the workpiece is 470r/min, and the heating time is 60-70S during the surface MF quenching heat treatment.
Preferably, after heating, quenching by spraying quenching liquid, wherein the temperature of the quenching liquid is 20-40 ℃, the spraying time is 70-90S, the spraying pressure is 0.26-0.32MPa, the quenching liquid adopts PAG quenching liquid, and the concentration of the quenching liquid is 11-13%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the machining allowance is 1.5mm after the rod part is rolled.
Preferably, in the step (2), the machining allowance is reserved for 1-1.5mm after the flange plate is forged. The closed die is adopted to forge the flange plate, the reserved allowance is small, and all parts have no flash and burr, so that the processing efficiency and the material utilization rate are improved.
Preferably, in the step (1), the round bar stock is generally 42CrMo, 40Cr material.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a through shaft produced by the above production method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the rod part of the through shaft is rolled through cross wedge rolling, and then the through shaft flange plate is forged and formed through forging, so that the product is easy to form and has a good forming effect, the reserved allowance is small, the subsequent processing procedures are reduced, the processing efficiency is improved, and the material utilization rate is improved; through rolling and forging, and matching with the quenching and tempering processes and the surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment, the core structure of the prepared product is uniform, the hardness dispersion is small, the surface quenching layer is uniformly distributed, a fine martensite structure is obtained, an ideal 5-6 level can be achieved, and the comprehensive strength of the product is obviously improved; the defects that the forming is difficult through a forging or swing grinding mode, the core structure can not be achieved, the martensite structure after quenching is coarse and the like are overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of a core of a through shaft prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of a heated object before forging the through shaft flange of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a drawing of a forged through shaft flange of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drawing of a workpiece after a surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a workpiece after a surface mid-frequency quenching heat treatment in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1:
a method for preparing a through shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) heating a 42CrMo round bar stock to 1100 ℃, and rolling the round bar stock by cross wedge rolling to roll the rod part of the through shaft; the reserved processing allowance of the rod part is 1.5mm after the rod part is rolled;
(2) locally heating an unformed part to 1150 ℃, putting the unformed part into a forging die, and forging and forming a flange plate of a through shaft by adopting a closed die, wherein the temperature of a final section is 900 ℃; during forging, the unformed part is placed in a forging die in a mode that the formed through shaft rod part is placed downwards, and the flange plate of the through shaft is forged and formed through the forging die; reserving the machining allowance of 1mm after forging the flange plate;
(3) carrying out quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the formed blank piece, and then machining;
during quenching treatment, the blank is heated and insulated firstly, and then is immersed into quenching liquid for quenching, wherein the heating and insulation comprises five stages, the temperature of the first stage is 600 ℃, the temperature of the second stage is 650 ℃, the temperature of the third stage is 830 ℃, the temperature of the fourth stage is 860 ℃, the temperature of the fifth stage is 840 ℃, and the insulation time of each stage is 40 min; the quenching liquid adopts PAG quenching liquid, the concentration of the quenching liquid is 2-5%, the temperature of the quenching liquid is 40 ℃, and the quenching time is 6 min;
during tempering treatment, five stages of tempering and heat preservation are firstly carried out, wherein the temperature of the first stage is 350 ℃, the temperature of the second stage is 450 ℃, the temperature of the third stage is 500 ℃, the temperature of the fourth stage is 550 ℃, the temperature of the fifth stage is 550 ℃, and the heat preservation time of each stage is 40 min; after tempering, keeping the temperature and discharging from the furnace, immersing the furnace in water for water cooling for 6 min;
(4) carrying out surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment on the machined blank, and then carrying out finish machining to obtain a finished product; during surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment, the intermediate frequency current is 480A, the voltage is 380V, the intermediate frequency is 2200HZ, the rotating speed of a workpiece is 470r/min, and the heating time is 60-70S; after heating, quenching by spraying quenching liquid, wherein the temperature of the quenching liquid is 30 ℃, the spraying time is 70-90S, the spraying pressure is 0.26-0.32MPa, the quenching liquid adopts PAG quenching liquid, and the concentration of the quenching liquid is 11-13%.
Example 2: a method for preparing a through shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) heating a 42CrMo round bar to 1100 ℃, and rolling the round bar by cross wedge rolling to roll the rod part of the through shaft; the reserved processing allowance of the rod part is 1.5mm after the rod part is rolled;
(2) locally heating an unformed part to 1150 ℃, putting the unformed part into a forging die, and forging and forming a flange plate of a through shaft by adopting a closed die, wherein the final-stage temperature is 880 ℃; during forging, the unformed part is placed in a forging die in a mode that the formed through shaft rod part is placed downwards, and the flange plate of the through shaft is forged and formed through the forging die; reserving the machining allowance of 1mm after forging the flange plate;
(3) carrying out quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the formed blank piece, and then machining;
during quenching treatment, the blank is heated and insulated firstly, and then is immersed into quenching liquid for quenching, wherein the heating and insulation comprises five stages, the temperature of the first stage is 630 ℃, the temperature of the second stage is 700 ℃, the temperature of the third stage is 850 ℃, the temperature of the fourth stage is 870 ℃, the temperature of the fifth stage is 850 ℃, and the insulation time of each stage is 35 min; the quenching liquid adopts PAG quenching liquid, the concentration of the quenching liquid is 2-5%, the temperature of the quenching liquid is 40 ℃, and the quenching time is 8 min;
during tempering treatment, five stages of tempering and heat preservation are firstly carried out, wherein the temperature of the first stage is 400 ℃, the temperature of the second stage is 480 ℃, the temperature of the third stage is 530 ℃, the temperature of the fourth stage is 560 ℃, the temperature of the fifth stage is 560 ℃, and the heat preservation time of each stage is 35 min; after tempering, keeping the temperature and discharging from the furnace, immersing the furnace in water for water cooling for 7 min;
(4) carrying out surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment on the machined blank, and then carrying out finish machining to obtain a finished product; during surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment, the intermediate frequency current is 490A, the voltage is 390V, the intermediate frequency is 2200HZ, the rotating speed of the workpiece is 470r/min, and the heating time is 60-70S; after heating, quenching by spraying quenching liquid, wherein the temperature of the quenching liquid is 30 ℃, the spraying time is 70-90S, the spraying pressure is 0.26-0.32MPa, the quenching liquid adopts PAG quenching liquid, and the concentration of the quenching liquid is 11-13%.
Example 3: a method for preparing a through shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) heating a 42CrMo round bar stock to 1100 ℃, and rolling the round bar stock by cross wedge rolling to roll the rod part of the through shaft; the reserved processing allowance of the rod part is 1.5mm after the rod part is rolled;
(2) locally heating an unformed part to 1150 ℃, putting the unformed part into a forging die, and forging and forming a flange plate of a through shaft by adopting a closed die, wherein the temperature of a final section is 900 ℃; during forging, the unformed part is placed in a forging die in a mode that the formed through shaft rod part is placed downwards, and the flange plate of the through shaft is forged and formed through the forging die; reserving the machining allowance of 1mm after forging the flange plate;
(3) carrying out quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the formed blank piece, and then machining;
during quenching treatment, the blank is heated and insulated firstly, and then is immersed into quenching liquid for quenching, wherein the heating and insulation comprises five stages, the temperature of the first stage is 650 ℃, the temperature of the second stage is 750 ℃, the temperature of the third stage is 870 ℃, the temperature of the fourth stage is 880 ℃, the temperature of the fifth stage is 860 ℃, and the insulation time of each stage is 30 min; adopting PAG quenching liquid as quenching liquid, wherein the concentration of the quenching liquid is 2-5%, the temperature of the quenching liquid is 40 ℃, and the quenching time is 6 min;
during tempering treatment, five stages of tempering and heat preservation are firstly carried out, wherein the temperature of the first stage is 450 ℃, the temperature of the second stage is 500 ℃, the temperature of the third stage is 560 ℃, the temperature of the fourth stage is 570 ℃, the temperature of the fifth stage is 570 ℃, and the heat preservation time of each stage is 30 min; after tempering, keeping the temperature and discharging from the furnace, immersing the furnace in water for cooling, wherein the water cooling time is 6 min;
(4) carrying out surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment on the machined blank, and then carrying out finish machining to obtain a finished product; during surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment, the intermediate frequency current is 500A, the voltage is 400V, the intermediate frequency is 2200HZ, the rotating speed of a workpiece is 470r/min, and the heating time is 60-70S; after heating, quenching by spraying quenching liquid, wherein the temperature of the quenching liquid is 30 ℃, the spraying time is 70-90S, the spraying pressure is 0.26-0.32MPa, the quenching liquid adopts PAG quenching liquid, and the concentration of the quenching liquid is 11-13%.
The hardness of the finished products obtained in examples 1 to 3 was measured by means of a micro Vickers hardness tester, and the results are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0003507551100000051
as can be seen from the above table, the through shaft prepared by examples 1 to 3 of the present invention has high surface hardness and core hardness, and the hardness of the product prepared by example 2 is the most preferable.
FIG. 1 is a core metallographic structure drawing of a through-shaft prepared in example 2, in which the core structure was uniform and continuous. Fig. 2-5 are partial object diagrams of the process for preparing the through shaft of the invention, and the through shaft prepared by the invention has good forming effect. As can be seen from FIG. 5, a circle of continuous hardening zone is formed on the surface of the workpiece, and the overall strength of the workpiece is effectively improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing a through shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) heating the round bar stock, rolling the round bar stock by cross wedge rolling, and rolling and molding the rod part of the through shaft;
(2) locally heating the unformed part, putting the unformed part into a forging die, and forging and forming the flange plate of the through shaft by adopting a closed die;
(3) carrying out quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the formed blank piece, and then machining;
during quenching treatment, the blank is heated and insulated firstly, and then is immersed into quenching liquid for quenching, wherein the heating and insulation comprises five stages, the temperature of the first stage is 650-;
(4) and performing surface intermediate frequency quenching heat treatment on the machined blank, and then performing finish machining to obtain a finished product.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the round bar stock is heated to 1000-1100 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the unformed part is locally heated to 1150 ℃ of 1000-.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the temperature of the quenching liquid is 30-50 ℃, and the quenching time is not less than 5 min.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), during the tempering treatment, the tempering heat preservation is performed in five stages, wherein the temperature in the first stage is 350-.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: and (3) after tempering, keeping the temperature and discharging, immersing in water for water cooling, wherein the water cooling time is not less than 5 min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), during the surface MF quenching heat treatment, the MF current is 480-500A, the voltage is 380-400V, and the MF frequency is 2000-2200 HZ.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: after heating, quenching by spraying quenching liquid, wherein the spraying time is 70-90S, and the spraying pressure is 0.26-0.32 MPa.
9. A through-shaft produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN202210142296.5A 2022-02-16 2022-02-16 Through shaft and preparation method thereof Pending CN114574669A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115074494A (en) * 2022-06-13 2022-09-20 大冶特殊钢有限公司 Heat treatment method of steel for rod mill

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1974054A (en) * 2006-12-08 2007-06-06 青特集团有限公司 Slender stepped shaft machining process
CN103205551A (en) * 2013-05-06 2013-07-17 山推工程机械股份有限公司 Thermal treatment processing method of thrust wheel
CN105671292A (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-06-15 吴志强 Local carburization induction quenching method for hollow shaft
JP2021155797A (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-10-07 大同特殊鋼株式会社 High strength component and method for manufacturing the same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1974054A (en) * 2006-12-08 2007-06-06 青特集团有限公司 Slender stepped shaft machining process
CN103205551A (en) * 2013-05-06 2013-07-17 山推工程机械股份有限公司 Thermal treatment processing method of thrust wheel
CN105671292A (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-06-15 吴志强 Local carburization induction quenching method for hollow shaft
JP2021155797A (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-10-07 大同特殊鋼株式会社 High strength component and method for manufacturing the same

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Title
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115074494A (en) * 2022-06-13 2022-09-20 大冶特殊钢有限公司 Heat treatment method of steel for rod mill
CN115074494B (en) * 2022-06-13 2023-09-29 大冶特殊钢有限公司 Heat treatment method of steel for rod mill

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