CN114540709A - Raw material for wheel forging and heat treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Raw material for wheel forging and heat treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114540709A CN114540709A CN202210155407.6A CN202210155407A CN114540709A CN 114540709 A CN114540709 A CN 114540709A CN 202210155407 A CN202210155407 A CN 202210155407A CN 114540709 A CN114540709 A CN 114540709A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FVESRZSALBPPGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Mo].[Cr] Chemical compound [C].[Mo].[Cr] FVESRZSALBPPGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Mo] VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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Abstract
The invention relates to a raw material for a wheel forging and a heat treatment method thereof, belonging to the technical field of wheel processing. The material for the wheel forging adopted by the invention mainly comprises the following components: 0.40 to 0.44wt% of C, 0.20 to 0.30wt% of Si, 0.60 to 0.80wt% of Mn, 0.95 to 1.25wt% of Cr, 0.20 to 0.30wt% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.015wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.008wt% of S, less than or equal to 0.05wt% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.008wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01wt% of V, less than or equal to 0.20wt% of Ni, 0.020 to 0.040wt% of Al, less than or equal to 0.0080wt% of N, less than or equal to 18ppm wt% of O, less than or equal to 2ppm wt% of H, less than or equal to 0.001wt% of Ca, less than or equal to 0.010wt% of Pb, less than or equal to 0.010wt% of Sn, less than or equal to 0.010wt% of Sb, less than or equal to 0.015wt% of Bi, and less than or equal to 0.015wt% of As and less than or equal to 0.035wt% of Pb, Sn, Sb, Bi and less than or equal to 0.035 and less than or equal to 0.010wt% of As. After the wheel is forged and formed by adopting the blank material, the heat treatment method can be adopted to obtain the surface hardness of 300-380HB on the wheel tread, and the hardness of the part 20mm below the tread is more than or equal to 260 HB.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheel machining, and particularly relates to a raw material for a wheel forging and a heat treatment method thereof.
Background
The wheels are important parts of important equipment such as hoisting and transporting machinery, metallurgical locomotives, port machines, mining machines and the like, and play important roles in bearing and running. In the running process of the wheel, on one hand, the tread part has high enough hardness to ensure that the tread of the wheel has certain wear resistance; meanwhile, the tread part is provided with a reasonably distributed hardened layer to prevent the wheel tread from peeling off and losing efficacy under the action of contact stress.
Wheels for hoisting and transporting machinery, metallurgical locomotives, port machines and mining machines are generally made of 65Mn, 50SiMn, 35CrMnSi and other materials, cast or forged and formed, and then heat treated by adopting a mode of thermal refining and surface hardening treatment. The carbon content of 65Mn and 50SiMn materials is high, and cracking is easy to occur in the processes of quenching and tempering and surface hardness treatment; the 35CrMnSi belongs to ultrahigh strength steel, and the ultrahigh strength characteristic can be realized only by adopting a special heat treatment mode; meanwhile, the tread is easy to generate quenching cracking by carrying out surface hardening treatment on materials such as 65Mn, 50SiMn, 35CrMnSi and the like.
For example, CN103469057A discloses steel for automobile wheels and a production method thereof, wherein the steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.07-0.1 percent of C, 0.15-0.3 percent of Si, 1.3-1.6 percent of Mn1, less than 0.02 percent of P and less than 0.005 percent of S. The stirring time of converter bottom blowing Ar is more than 5min, the fine adjustment of RH furnace components, the vacuum circulation degassing treatment and the protection of continuous casting Ar blowing. Heating a continuous casting billet heating furnace to 1200-1300 ℃, wherein the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1100-1250 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is more than 1000 ℃; the inlet temperature of the finishing mill is 950-990 ℃, the finishing temperature is 780-820 ℃, and the reduction rate of the non-recrystallization stage is more than 60%; cooling with 25-30 ℃/s laminar flow, and coiling at 450-500 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a raw material for a wheel forging and a heat treatment method thereof, wherein the surface hardness of a wheel tread can be 300-380HB, the hardness of a position 20mm below the tread is more than or equal to 260HB, the integral strength of the wheel is ensured, and the tread can obtain higher surface hardness and reasonable hardened layer distribution so as to ensure that the service life of the wheel meets the expectation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the raw material for the wheel forging comprises a continuous casting round billet and a refined steel ingot, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.40-0.44 percent of C, 0.20-0.30 percent of Si, 0.60-0.80 percent of Mn, 0.95-1.25 percent of Cr, 0.20-0.30 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Ni, 0.020-0.040 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.0080 percent of N, less than or equal to 18ppm of [ O ], lessthan or equal to 2ppm of [ H ], lessthan or equal to 0.001 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of As, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of Pb + Sn + Sb + Bi + As, and the balance of Fe and other residual elements. The carbon content is controlled to be 0.40-0.44%, the manganese content is controlled to be 0.60-0.80%, the sufficient strength of the wheel after heat treatment is guaranteed, the chromium content is controlled to be 0.95-1.25%, the molybdenum content is controlled to be 0.20-0.30%, the sufficient hardenability of the wheel is guaranteed, the strong hardness of the wheel tread in a certain range is improved, and the anti-stripping capability of the wheel in the use process is further improved.
Further, the invention also provides a heat treatment method of the wheel forging, the wheel forging is obtained by forging the raw material for the wheel forging, and the heat treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
a, normalizing the wheel forging, comprising the following steps:
a1, loading the wheel forgings into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature less than or equal to 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the forgings more than or equal to 100mm, heating to 650 +/-10 ℃ at the speed less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
a2, after the heat preservation is finished, rapidly heating to 840-900 ℃ at full power, and implementing secondary heat preservation according to 35-60 mm/h and the effective thickness of the wheel forging;
and a3, discharging the product from the furnace after the secondary heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling.
b, after normalizing treatment, carrying out integral quenching treatment on the wheel forging, and comprising the following steps:
b1, loading the wheel forgings into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature less than or equal to 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the forgings more than or equal to 100mm, heating to 650 +/-10 ℃ at the speed less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
b2, after the heat preservation is finished, rapidly heating to 850-880 ℃ at full power, and carrying out secondary heat preservation according to the effective thickness of the wheel and 40-50 mm/h;
b3, discharging the forged wheel piece after the secondary heat preservation is finished, and quenching the forged wheel piece for 0.8-3.0 s/mm according to the effective thickness of the forged wheel piece;
b4 quenching and cooling the wheel forging, wherein the medium is polyvinyl alcohol water solution with the concentration of 5.0-8.0% (volume) and the temperature of the medium of 20-40 ℃, and in the first stage (1 st-3 rd min) of cooling, the medium is kept in a stable forced convection state, and then the quenching medium is kept in a natural convection state.
c, carrying out integral tempering treatment on the quenched wheel, and comprising the following steps:
c1, loading the wheel forgings into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the forgings to be more than or equal to 100mm, heating to 300-350 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
c2 heating to 500-580 deg.C at a speed of 80 deg.C/h or less, and performing secondary heat preservation according to the effective thickness of wheel and 20-35 mm/h;
and c3, after the secondary heat preservation is finished, discharging from the furnace and air cooling.
d, after the wheel forging subjected to the whole tempering treatment is cooled to 25 ℃ in the air, performing tread surface hardness detection, wherein the detection positions are 3, and an average value is obtained after 3 detections are performed at each position, and the steps are as follows:
d1, adopting an angle grinder with a grinding wheel to perform coarse grinding on the selected wheel tread 3, controlling the coarse grinding depth to be 2mm, and ensuring that the ground part is smooth and has no recess;
d2, after coarse grinding, an angle grinder provided with a polishing wheel is adopted to carry out fine grinding and polishing on the coarse grinding part, the polishing depth is less than or equal to 1mm, the polished part is smooth and has no recess, and the surface roughness meets Ra7 mu m;
d3 hardness test of the fine ground and polished part with a G-type impact device of a portable Leeb hardness tester, and taking an average value 3 times per test.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the medium carbon chromium molybdenum alloy steel is adopted as a wheel material, forging forming is carried out, and during quenching and tempering, compared with the conventional quenching and tempering treatment process mode of the material, the strength and the surface hardness of the wheel after heat treatment are improved by reducing the tempering temperature to the medium temperature tempering temperature range, and the surface hardness of the wheel tread reaches 300-380 HB. Meanwhile, the medium carbon chromium molybdenum alloy steel has better hardenability, so that the wheel tread and the hardness within a certain depth range of the wheel tread show a gradual reduction trend, and the hardness of the part 20mm below the tread is more than or equal to 260 HB.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat-treated product.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments for a better understanding of the invention by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a dimension of: a wheel forging with the outer diameter phi of 850mm, the inner diameter phi of 250mm and the height of 338mm and a heat treatment method thereof.
Firstly:
(1) carrying out process design according to the size, the shape and the weight of the product;
(2) according to a design scheme, a raw material of a continuous casting round billet with the diameter of 650mm is selected for retesting, and the chemical composition of the raw material meets (wt%): 0.42 of C, 0.24 of Si, 0.70 of Mn, 0.007 of P, 0.002 of S, 1.16 of Cr, 0.13 of Ni, 0.24 of Mo, 0.020 of Al, 0.007 of Ti, 0.04 of Cu, 0.0003 of Ca, 0.01 of V, 0.0025 of N, 0.0002 of Pb, 0.0010 of Sn, 0.0003 of Sb, 0.0002 of Bi, 0.0020 of As, [ O ] =15ppm, [ H ] =0.8ppm, and the balance of Fe and other residual elements.
The heat treatment method of the wheel comprises the following specific operation steps:
a. and (3) normalizing the forged wheel: the method comprises the following specific steps:
a1, loading the wheel forging into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature not more than 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the parts not less than 100mm, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 2 h;
a2, after the heat preservation is finished, rapidly heating to 880 ℃ at a speed of 150 ℃/h, and carrying out secondary heat preservation according to the effective thickness of the wheel and 50 mm/h;
a3, discharging the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and performing air cooling;
b. the method comprises the following steps of carrying out integral quenching treatment on the wheel finished by rough turning:
b1, placing the wheel forge pieces into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature not more than 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the wheel forge pieces not less than 100mm, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1 h;
b2, after the heat preservation is finished, rapidly heating to 860 ℃ at the speed of 150 ℃/h, and implementing secondary heat preservation according to the effective thickness of the wheel forging and the thickness of 50 mm/h;
b3, discharging the forged wheel from the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and quenching the forged wheel, wherein the quenching cooling time is 1.2s/mm according to the effective thickness of the forged wheel;
b4, selecting a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution as a quenching medium of the wheel forging, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution is 7.0%, controlling the temperature of the medium at 30 ℃ in the quenching process, keeping the quenching medium in a stable forced convection state in the first stage (1 st to 3 minutes) of cooling, and then keeping the quenching medium in a natural convection state;
c. the method comprises the following steps of carrying out integral tempering treatment on the quenched wheel:
c1, placing the wheel forging into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature not more than 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the parts not less than 100mm, heating to 320 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 2 h;
c2, after the heat preservation is finished, heating to 540 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/h, and carrying out secondary heat preservation according to the effective thickness of the wheel and 35 mm/h;
c3, after the heat preservation is finished, discharging from the furnace and air cooling;
d. and (3) carrying out surface hardness detection on the wheel forging after the wheel forging is tempered and cooled to room temperature, wherein three detection positions are provided, and an average value is obtained after each detection position is carried out for 3 times, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
d1, adopting an angle grinder with a grinding wheel to perform coarse grinding on three selected wheel treads, controlling the coarse grinding depth to be about 2mm, and ensuring that the grinding positions are smooth and have no recess;
d2, after coarse grinding, an angle grinder provided with a polishing wheel is adopted to carry out fine grinding and polishing on the coarse grinding part, the polishing depth is not more than 1mm, the polished part is smooth and has no recess, and the surface roughness meets Ra7 mu m;
d3, adopting a G-type impact device of a portable Leeb hardness tester to detect the hardness of the finely ground and polished part, taking an average value 3 times per detection, and sequentially taking the average values of the hardness of three parts of the tread as 335HB, 345HB and 350 HB.
The hardness of the forged piece of the wheel forging along with the furnace is detected, the surface hardness reaches 340HBW, and the depth of 25mm is also more than 270HBW, which shows that the forged piece has good hardness, and is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 furnace test block section hardness test results
| Depth (mm) | Surface of | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
| Hardness (HBW) | 340 | 320 | 303 | 295 | 282 | 273 |
In the invention, the medium carbon chromium molybdenum alloy steel is adopted as a wheel material, the forging forming is carried out, the strength and the surface hardness of the wheel after heat treatment are improved by reducing the tempering temperature to the medium temperature tempering temperature range during quenching and tempering, and the tread surface of the wheel can reach 300-380HB, so that the sufficient wear resistance of the wheel in the running process can be ensured. Meanwhile, the optimized chemical components of the medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel are adopted to ensure that the medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel has certain through-hardening characteristics, and after the wheel is quenched and tempered at medium temperature, the hardness of the wheel is slowly reduced along the depth direction vertical to the tread (as shown in table 1), so that the medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel is favorable for ensuring that the wheel has certain contact fatigue resistance, and the service life of the wheel can be effectively prolonged.
Meanwhile, the medium carbon chromium molybdenum alloy steel has better hardenability, so that the wheel tread and the hardness within a certain depth range of the wheel tread show a gradual reduction trend, and the hardness of the part 20mm below the tread is more than or equal to 260 HB.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein again; the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art should understand that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions which are made by those skilled in the art within the spirit of the present invention are also within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The raw material for the wheel forging comprises a continuous casting round billet and a refined steel ingot and is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.40-0.44 percent of C, 0.20-0.30 percent of Si, 0.60-0.80 percent of Mn, 0.95-1.25 percent of Cr, 0.20-0.30 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Ni, 0.020-0.040 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.0080 percent of N, less than or equal to 18ppm of [ O ], lessthan or equal to 2ppm of [ H ], lessthan or equal to 0.001 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of As, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of Pb + Sn + Sb + Bi + As, and the balance of Fe and other residual elements.
2. A heat treatment method for a wheel forging, characterized in that the raw material for a wheel forging according to claim 1 is used as a raw material, and the forging is subjected to normalizing treatment, quenching treatment, tempering treatment and surface hardness detection in this order.
3. The heat treatment method of the wheel forging as claimed in claim 2, wherein a normalizing treatment is performed on the wheel forging by the following specific steps:
a1, loading the wheel forgings into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature less than or equal to 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the forgings more than or equal to 100mm, heating to 650 +/-10 ℃ at the speed less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
a2, after the heat preservation is finished, heating to 840-900 ℃ at a temperature of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and carrying out secondary heat preservation according to 35-60 mm/h according to the effective thickness of the wheel forging;
and a3, discharging the product after the secondary heat preservation is finished, and performing air cooling.
4. The heat treatment method of the wheel forging as claimed in claim 2, wherein b the overall quenching treatment is performed on the wheel forging by the specific steps of:
b1, loading the wheel forgings into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature less than or equal to 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the forgings more than or equal to 100mm, heating to 650 +/-10 ℃ at the speed less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
b2, after the heat preservation is finished, rapidly heating to 850-880 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and carrying out secondary heat preservation according to the effective thickness of the wheel and 40-50 mm/h;
b3, discharging the forged wheel piece after the secondary heat preservation is finished, and quenching the forged wheel piece for 0.8-3.0 s/mm according to the effective thickness of the forged wheel piece;
b4 quenching and cooling the wheel forging, wherein the medium is polyvinyl alcohol water solution with the concentration of 5.0-8.0% (volume) and the temperature of the medium of 20-40 ℃, and in the first stage of cooling, the medium is kept in a stable forced convection state, and then the quenching medium is kept in a natural convection state.
5. The heat treatment method for the wheel forging according to claim 4, wherein in the step b4, the first stage of cooling is the first 1-3 min of cooling.
6. The heat treatment method for the wheel forging as claimed in claim 2, wherein c, the step of performing integral tempering treatment on the quenched wheel comprises the following specific steps:
c1, loading the wheel forgings into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the forgings to be more than or equal to 100mm, heating to 300-350 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
c2 heating to 500-580 deg.C at a speed of 80 deg.C/h or less, and performing secondary heat preservation according to the effective thickness of wheel and 20-35 mm/h;
and c3, after the secondary heat preservation is finished, discharging from the furnace and air cooling.
7. The heat treatment method of the wheel forging according to claim 6, wherein d, after the wheel forging subjected to the overall tempering treatment is cooled to 25 ℃, tread surface hardness detection is carried out, the detection positions are 3, and an average value is obtained after 3 detections at each position, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
d1, adopting an angle grinder with a grinding wheel to perform coarse grinding on the selected wheel tread 3, controlling the coarse grinding depth to be 2mm, and ensuring that the ground part is smooth and has no recess;
d2, after coarse grinding, finely grinding and polishing the coarse grinding part by using an angle grinder provided with a polishing wheel, wherein the polishing depth is less than or equal to 1mm, the polished part is smooth and has no recess, and the surface roughness meets Ra7 mu m;
d3 hardness test of the fine ground and polished part with a G-type impact device of a portable Leeb hardness tester, and taking an average value 3 times per test.
8. The method of heat treating a wheel forging of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
a, normalizing the wheel forging:
a1, loading the wheel forgings into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature less than or equal to 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the forgings more than or equal to 100mm, heating to 650 +/-10 ℃ at the speed less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
a2, after the heat preservation is finished, heating to 840-900 ℃ at a temperature of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and carrying out secondary heat preservation according to 35-60 mm/h according to the effective thickness of the wheel forging;
a3, discharging the furnace after the secondary heat preservation is finished, and performing air cooling;
b, carrying out integral quenching treatment on the wheel forging:
b1, loading the wheel forgings into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature less than or equal to 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the forgings more than or equal to 100mm, heating to 650 +/-10 ℃ at the speed less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
b2, after the heat preservation is finished, rapidly heating to 850-880 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and carrying out secondary heat preservation according to the effective thickness of the wheel and 40-50 mm/h;
b3, discharging the forged wheel piece after the secondary heat preservation is finished, and quenching the forged wheel piece for 0.8-3.0 s/mm according to the effective thickness of the forged wheel piece;
b4 quenching and cooling the wheel forging, wherein the medium is polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 5.0-8.0% (volume), the temperature of the medium is 20-40 ℃, in the first stage of cooling, the medium is kept in a stable forced convection state, and then the quenching medium is kept in a natural convection state;
c, carrying out integral tempering treatment on the quenched wheel:
c1, loading the wheel forgings into a heat treatment furnace with the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 350 ℃, keeping the distance between the forgings to be more than or equal to 100mm, heating to 300-350 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 1-3 h;
c2 heating to 500-580 deg.C at a speed of 80 deg.C/h or less, and performing secondary heat preservation according to the effective thickness of wheel and 20-35 mm/h;
c3, after the secondary heat preservation is finished, discharging from the furnace and air cooling;
d, after the wheel forging subjected to the whole tempering treatment is cooled to 25 ℃ in the air, performing tread surface hardness detection:
d1, adopting an angle grinder with a grinding wheel to perform coarse grinding on the selected wheel tread 3, controlling the coarse grinding depth to be 2mm, and ensuring that the ground part is smooth and has no recess;
d2, after coarse grinding, an angle grinder provided with a polishing wheel is adopted to carry out fine grinding and polishing on the coarse grinding part, the polishing depth is less than or equal to 1mm, the polished part is smooth and has no recess, and the surface roughness meets Ra7 mu m;
d3 hardness test of the fine ground and polished part with a G-type impact device of a portable Leeb hardness tester, and taking an average value 3 times per test.
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