CN114570898A - 一种低屈强比低合金高强度钢板的生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种低屈强比低合金高强度钢板的生产方法,钢的生产工艺路线为冶炼—连铸—轧制—快速冷却—精整,钢的化学成分质量百分比为C=0.09‑0.18,Si=0.15~0.40,Mn=1.2‑1.7,P:≤0.020,S≤0.005,Cr=0.15~0.5,Nb=0.3~0.5,V=0.3~0.8,Ti=0.01~0.03,Cu=0.1~0.25,Al=0.03~0.08,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;本发明采用低碳微合金化成分设计,通过合理的轧制以及冷却工艺,最终钢板屈服强度>550MPa,抗拉强度>670MPa,延伸率>17%,屈强比<0.85,通过TMCP工艺实现550MPa级别的低屈强比低合金高强度钢的生产。可以满足高强高建钢Q550GJ的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域,涉及一种强度级别为550MPa,屈强比≤0.85的低合金高强钢板的生产方法。
背景技术
随着建筑行业的发展,建筑功能的增加,钢结构建筑占新建建筑物的比例越来越高,建筑用钢板的强度级别也越来越高。建筑用钢板从十年前主要以Q235GJ,Q345GJ级别的高建刚,已经逐渐过渡到Q420GJ,Q460GJ级别的建筑用钢,并且Q460GJ级别的高建钢最大厚度到了100mm以上。在确保建筑物功能的前提下,继续对钢结构建筑进行减重,必须要设计并使用Q500GJ级别以上的高建钢,这是建筑行业发展的必然趋势。
目前高建钢GB/T19879-2015中已经对Q500GJ级别以上的高建钢进行了标准设计,但是受限于低屈强比高强度低合金钢板的技术发展,目前并无规模的应用。为实现低屈强比高强度高建钢Q550GJ的推广应用,本专利特别设计的一种采用TMCP方式生产交付的低屈强比超高强Q550GJ,以满足建筑行业对于更高强度高建钢的需求。
中国专利CN201510403905.8 “一种V-N微合金化Q550级别中厚钢板及其制备方法”公开了一种利用VN微合金化细化晶粒,从而提高钢板强度和冲击韧性的方法,其特征在于,化学组成按重量百 分比为:C:0.06~0.12%,Mn:1.20~2.00%,Si:0.10~0.50%,S:0.002~0.01%, P:0.003~0.01%,Al:0.01~0.05%,V:0.06~0.15%,N:0.01~0.02%,余量为Fe 和其他不可避免的杂质;所述钢板厚度为20~50mm。此专利利用细小的VN细化晶粒,从而利用针状铁素体组织来实现Q550级别中厚板的生产。但是此专利所述成分加入大量N元素,在实际连铸坯生产过程中,N元素与钢种的Al元素等结合并偏聚在晶界,降低奥氏体晶界强度,极易形成横向裂纹,不仅带来极大的板坯修磨量与判废量,板坯也因此不能进行热装热送,必须进行表面检查及清理。因此该专利并不适合连铸坯的使用,也无法向本专利一样实现板坯热装热送。
中国专利CN201410725954.9 “一种V-N-Cr微合金化的Q550级别热轧带钢及其制备方法”, C:0.05~0.15%,Mn:1.5~2.0%,Si:0.10~0.50%,S:0.002~0.005%,P:0.005~0.015%,Al:0.01~0.05%,V:0.06~0.15%,N:0.008~0.020%,Cr:0.10~0.30%,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质,所述热轧带钢的组织为细晶的多边形铁素体、针状铁素体及粒状贝氏体,涉及一种通过V-N-Cr微合金化生产2.5-20mm的Q550级热轧带钢生产。此生产方案仅限于带钢的轧制,现于生产设备的不同,其轧制工艺与厚度与中板生产均有区别,无法像本专利一样生产20-40mm厚Q550GJ。
中国专利CN201410725954.9 “一种Q550级抗震钢和用炉卷轧机生产Q550级抗震钢的方法”, C0.05~0.15wt%、Si0.20~0.35wt%、Mn1.00~1.90wt%、S≤0.030wt%、P≤0.030wt%、Nb0.045~0.10wt%、V0.05~0.12wt%、Ti0.08~0.20wt%、N≤0.015wt%、Als0.02~0.06wt%,其余为Fe及其它杂质;其采用炉卷轧机轧制10-50mm厚Q550级低屈强比钢板,但是其生产技术是建立在炉卷轧机的轧制工艺之上,对于中厚板轧机,并不适用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种低屈强比低合金高强度钢板的生产方法,利用钢厂先进的轧制设备,通过成分优化设计,精确控制过程工艺参数,采用TMCP工艺生产出低屈强比Q550GJ建筑用钢板。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种低屈强比低合金高强度钢板的生产方法,钢的生产工艺路线为冶炼—连铸—轧制快速冷却—精整,钢板厚度为10~40mm,钢的化学成分质量百分比为C=0.09~0.18,Si=0.15~0.40,Mn=1.2~1.7,P≤0.012,S≤0.002,Cr=0.15~0.8,Nb=0.3~0.5,V=0.3~0.8,Ti=0.01~0.03,Cu=0.1~0.25,Al=0.03~0.08,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)冶炼:采用BOF-LF-RH生产工艺路径,转炉冶炼控制O≤800ppm,精炼LF炉炉渣CaO/SiO2≥2.5,搅拌脱硫;控制过程Al≤0.035%,出站前钙处理;RH炉生产采用深脱气工艺,真空处理总时间≥10min。
(2)连铸:过热度控制在6~20℃,恒拉速浇铸,二次冷却采用弱冷,比水量≤0.3L/kg。
(3)轧制:采用热装热送,600℃以上装炉,保温温度1180℃~1220℃;采用二阶段轧制,粗轧开轧温度≥1000℃,轧到目标厚度2倍以上厚度,最后三道次累计压下率≥50%,二阶段开轧温度860℃~900℃。
(4)快速冷却:材料轧后不马上进行快速冷却,先在辊道上空冷时间30~60s,然后采用层流冷却,冷却速度8~20℃/s,冷却至500~580℃后入垛缓冷,缓冷至室温后进行火切工。
本发明适用于40mm以下Q550GJ板生产,拥有较低的屈强比,优异的焊接性能,良好的抗层状撕裂性能。
本发明的突出特点,采用低过热度钢水浇铸,连铸二次冷却弱冷,实现连铸坯采用GB/T 226-2015的冷酸腐蚀方式进行腐蚀,YB/T 4003-2016连铸板坯低倍缺陷评级图评定中心偏析为C类0.5或C类1.0或C类1.5;采用TMCP+弛豫工艺生产550MPa级别低屈强比高强板,工艺流程简单,钢水纯净度高,钢板表面质量优良,适合大批量生产。
附图说明
图1为40mmQ550GJ钢板的组织金相图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明之成分控制范围、最佳实施方式等主要内容作进一步说明:
冶炼实例1:
转炉冶炼一次命中,终点控制C=0.06%,终点氧含量O=670ppm,LF炉渣Cao/SiO2=2.6,过程最大铝含量Al= 0.025%,出站前Al合金化。RH炉真空处理时间11min,测得残余H=1.5ppm。连铸采用180mm厚生产断面,过热度12~15℃,全程拉速1.1m/min,比水量=0.3L/kg。轧制采用热装热送,8h以内装炉,热装温度670℃,加热炉保温段心部温度1205℃。保温20后开轧,粗轧开轧温度1050℃,最后三道次累计压下率58%,中间坯厚度35mm,粗轧开轧温度940℃,轧成10mm厚。材料轧后不马上进行快速冷却,先在辊道上空冷30s,然后进入mulpic层流冷却,返红温度580℃,冷速约15℃/s。热矫后入垛缓冷。
冶炼实例2:
转炉冶炼一次命中,控制C=0.05%,终点O含量770ppm,LF炉渣Cao/SiO2=2.5,过程最大Al含量0.023%,出站前Al合金化。RH炉真空处理时间11 min,测得残余H=1.4ppm。连铸采用180mm厚生产断面。过热度13~18℃,全程拉速1.1m/min,比水量≤0.3L/kg。轧制采用热装热送,8h以内装炉,热装温度655℃,加热炉保温段心部温度1215℃,保温20min后开轧,粗轧开轧温度1050℃,最后三道次累计压下率57%,中间坯厚度60mm,粗轧开轧温度930℃,轧成20mm厚。轧后不马上进行快速冷却,先在辊道上空冷40s,然后进入mulpic层流冷却,返红温度565℃,冷速12℃/s。热矫后入垛缓冷。
冶炼实例3:
转炉冶炼一次命中,控制C=0.05%,终点氧含量O=740ppm,LF炉渣Cao/SiO2=2.7,过程最大Al含量0.026%,出站前Al合金化.RH炉真空处理时间12min,测得残余H=1.4ppm。连铸采用220mm厚生产断面,过热度12℃~15℃,全程拉速1.0m/min,比水量≤0.28L/kg。轧制采用热装热送,8h以内装炉,热装温度670℃,加热炉保温段心部温度1210℃,保温20min后开轧,粗轧开轧温度1030℃,最后三道次累计压下率59%,中间坯厚度80mm,粗轧开轧温度920℃,轧成30mm厚。轧后不马上进行快速冷却,先在辊道上空冷50s,然后进入mulpic层流冷却,返红温度530℃,冷速约10℃/s。热矫后入垛缓冷。
冶炼实例4:
转炉冶炼一次命中,终点C=0.07%,终点氧含量O=465ppm,LF炉渣Cao/SiO2=2.6,过程最大Al含量Al=0.028%,出站前Al合金化,RH炉真空处理时间11min,测得残余H=1.3ppm。连铸采用260mm厚生产断面,过热度10℃~14℃,全程拉速0.9m/min,比水量≤0.27L/kg。轧制采用热装热送,8h以内装炉,热装温度705℃,加热炉保温段心部温度1190℃,保温20min后开轧,粗轧开轧温度1030℃,最后三道次累计压下率56%,中间坯厚度90mm,粗轧开轧温度910℃,轧成80mm厚。轧后不马上进行快速冷却,先在辊道上空冷60s,然后进入mulpic层流冷却,返红温度505℃,冷速约8℃/s。热矫后入垛缓冷
各冶炼实例的化学成分控制如表1,钢的检测性能见表2 。
表1 实例控制钢的化学成分(wt%)
表2 实例钢的各项检测性能
从表2 可看出,本发明可以生产40mm以下强度以及韧性都满足GB/T19879的低屈强比高强度高建钢Q550GJ。各厚度钢板性能稳定,屈强比合理。由于钢板中不含贵重的Ni,Mo等元素,通过TMCP方式生产,流程短,成本低,适合该规格高强高建钢的推广。
从图1可以看出,钢板TMCP以后,组织为铁素体+贝式体组织,组织细小均匀。具有较低的屈强比以及较高的强度,低温韧性也能满足Q550GJE的要求。
Claims (1)
1.一种低屈强比低合金高强度钢板的生产方法,钢的生产工艺路线为冶炼—连铸—轧制快速冷却—精整,钢板厚度为10~40mm,其特征在于:钢的化学成分质量百分比为C=0.09-0.18,Si=0.15~0.40,Mn=1.2-1.7,P:≤0.012,S≤0.002,Cr=0.15~0.8,Nb=0.3~0.5,V=0.3~0.8,Ti=0.01~0.03,Cu=0.1~0.25,Al=0.03~0.08,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)冶炼:采用BOF-LF-RH生产工艺路径,转炉冶炼控制O≤800ppm,精炼LF炉炉渣CaO/SiO2≥2.5,搅拌脱硫;控制过程Al≤0.035%,出站前钙处理;RH炉生产采用深脱气工艺,真空处理总时间≥10min;
(2)连铸:过热度控制在6~20℃,恒拉速浇铸,二次冷却采用弱冷,比水量≤0.3L/kg;
(3)轧制:采用热装热送,600℃以上装炉,保温温度1180℃~1220℃;采用二阶段轧制,粗轧开轧温度≥1000℃,轧到目标厚度2倍以上厚度,最后三道次累计压下率≥50%,二阶段开轧温度860℃~900℃;
(4)快速冷却:材料轧后不马上进行快速冷却,先在辊道上空冷时间30~60s,然后采用层流冷却,冷却速度8~20℃/s,冷却至500~580℃后入垛缓冷,缓冷至室温后进行火切工序。
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