CN114568297A - Drought-resistant cotton breeding method and application - Google Patents

Drought-resistant cotton breeding method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114568297A
CN114568297A CN202210290179.3A CN202210290179A CN114568297A CN 114568297 A CN114568297 A CN 114568297A CN 202210290179 A CN202210290179 A CN 202210290179A CN 114568297 A CN114568297 A CN 114568297A
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drought
agent
cotton
flowers
days
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CN114568297B (en
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杨晓杰
孙瑶
李武
谢德意
薄晓培
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Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/12Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
    • A01H1/122Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
    • A01H1/1225Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for drought, cold or salt resistance

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry, and particularly relates to a drought-resistant cotton breeding method and application. After the cotton parents are hybridized and pollinated, the hybrid flowers are subjected to drought treatment, and the method for the drought treatment comprises the following steps: applying a drought agent to the hybridized flowers 2-3 days after hybridization, and continuously treating for 7-10 days, once every morning and evening; the drought agent formula is as follows: 20-25% of polyethylene glycol 6000, 4-6% of sodium hypochlorite and water as a solvent. In the invention, the drought agent is selected to treat the hybrid flowers, the drought-intolerant hybrid flowers cannot fruit and obtain offspring, and the drought-tolerant seeds can be reserved, so that the drought-tolerant and drought-intolerant samples can be distinguished in the seed stage, and the breeding time is shortened.

Description

Drought-resistant cotton breeding method and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry, and particularly relates to a drought-resistant cotton breeding method and application.
Background
Drought-enduring cotton can survive well in arid or semiarid regions, has low water demand and can be planted in soil regions with low water content, so that the drought-enduring cotton is a breeding target of cotton breeding. In the prior art, drought-enduring cotton breeding is generally a cross breeding method, a drought-enduring cotton variety is hybridized with other materials with excellent properties, the property separation occurs after the hybridization of filial generations, drought-enduring plants are selected from the filial generations for planting, the drought-enduring progeny is subjected to multiple selfing, or the drought-enduring progeny and parents are subjected to backcross, and then drought-enduring lines are selected from the progeny.
How to rapidly identify drought-resistant plants becomes a main research direction of cross breeding, and at present, the common drought-resistant cotton plants are identified as a gene identification method: selecting drought-resistant gene molecular markers, designing specific primers, extracting genome DNA of plants, carrying out PCR amplification, and carrying out electrophoretic identification on amplified products. However, the gene identification requires waiting until the offspring of the cross comes out of the seedling, and cannot be identified at the seed stage. Therefore, there is a need for improvements to existing drought-tolerant identification methods to coordinate breeding of drought-tolerant cotton.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a drought-resistant cotton breeding method and application.
The invention aims to provide a drought-resistant cotton breeding method, wherein after cotton parents are subjected to hybrid pollination, hybrid flowers are subjected to drought treatment, and the drought treatment method comprises the following steps:
applying a drought agent to the hybridized flowers 2-3 days after hybridization, and continuously treating for 7-10 days, once every morning and evening;
the drought agent formula is as follows: 20-25% of polyethylene glycol 6000, 4-6% of sodium hypochlorite and water as a solvent.
Preferably, in the drought-resistant cotton breeding method, the formula of the drought agent is as follows: 20 mass percent of polyethylene glycol 6000, 4 mass percent of sodium hypochlorite and water as a solvent.
Preferably, in the drought-resistant cotton breeding method, 1-2mL of drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower.
Preferably, the drought-resistant cotton breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting cotton varieties with excellent characters as a female parent and a male parent, and planting the cotton varieties respectively;
step 2, performing artificial pollination and hybridization on pollen of the male parent and castrated female parent flowers;
step 3, drought treatment: applying a drought agent to the hybrid flowers 2-3 days after the hybridization, continuously treating for 7-10 days, wherein the drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower 1-2mL in the morning and at night;
and 4, managing the field until the first generation of seeds are harvested.
Preferably, in the drought-resistant cotton breeding method, the female parent is Yunan No. 21 or Yinshan No. 8.
Preferably, the drought-resistant cotton breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting cotton varieties with excellent properties as female parents and selecting cotton varieties with drought resistance as male parents, and planting the cotton varieties respectively;
step 2, pollinating and hybridizing pollen of the male parent and castrated female parent flowers, and harvesting a first filial generation;
step 3, planting first-filial generation seeds, and selecting plants with excellent characters to be hybridized with the female parent in the step 1;
step 4, drought treatment: applying a drought agent to the hybrid flowers 2-3 days after the hybridization, continuously treating for 7-10 days, wherein the drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower 1-2mL in the morning and at night;
And 5, performing field management until the second generation of grains are harvested.
Preferably, in the drought-resistant cotton breeding method, the preparation method of the drought agent is as follows: mixing polyethylene glycol 6000 with water according to the formula amount, refrigerating at 0-4 deg.C for more than 2h, taking out, adding sodium hypochlorite according to the formula amount, dissolving and mixing completely, applying to the hybridization flower, and transporting the drought agent with ice bag or refrigeration equipment from the preparation place to the experimental place.
The invention also provides an application of the drought agent in cotton drought tolerance identification.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the invention, the drought agent is selected to treat the hybrid flowers, the drought-intolerant hybrid flowers cannot fruit and obtain offspring, and the drought-tolerant seeds can be reserved, so that the drought-tolerant and drought-intolerant samples can be distinguished in the seed stage, and the breeding time is shortened.
2. According to the drought stress control method, sodium hypochlorite and the drought stress agent polyethylene glycol 6000 are used in a combined mode, on one hand, the sodium hypochlorite and the drought stress agent polyethylene glycol 6000 have a strong drought stress effect, damage the life activities of the drought-intolerant seeds and inhibit the growth of the drought-intolerant seeds, and the influence on the life activities of the drought-tolerant seeds is small. On the other hand, sodium hypochlorite has the bactericidal effect, reduces the pollution of environmental bacteria to the hybrid flowers, and improves the survival rate of drought-resistant plants
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention to practice, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
In the description of the present invention, reagents used are commercially available and methods used are conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified. In the following examples, the solvents used for the drought agent and the normal saline were deionized water, and the concentration of the normal saline was 0.9% within 12 hours after the drought agent was formulated.
Example 1 Effect of drought Agents on Cotton seed survival
Experimental materials: drought-enduring cotton variety Yu Cotton No. 12, 100 seeds; cotton variety yinshan No. 8, 100 seeds; cotton variety yunan No. 21, 100 seeds.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the germination test is carried out by referring to a method of 1.3.2 of 'Ligufu, several herbicides influence test on cotton seed germination rate [ J ]. Xinjiang agricultural reclamation science and technology, 2014,37(11): 2'. Wherein, the control group is treated with deionized water for 7 days, and the experimental group is treated with drought agent for 7 days.
Drought agent formulation for experimental group 1: 20 mass percent of polyethylene glycol 6000, 4 mass percent of sodium hypochlorite and deionized water as a solvent. The temperature of the drought agent is room temperature.
Drought agent formulation for experimental group 2: polyethylene glycol 6000 accounting for 20 percent of the mass fraction, sodium hypochlorite accounting for 6 percent of the mass fraction, and deionized water as a solvent. The temperature of the drought agent is room temperature.
Drought agent formulation for experimental group 3: the weight percentage of the polyethylene glycol 6000 is 25%, the weight percentage of the sodium hypochlorite is 4%, and the solvent is deionized water. The temperature of the drought agent is room temperature.
Drought agent formulation for experimental group 4: 25 mass percent of polyethylene glycol 6000, 6 mass percent of sodium hypochlorite and deionized water as a solvent. The temperature of the drought agent is room temperature.
Drought agent formulation for experimental group 5: 20 percent of polyethylene glycol 6000 by mass fraction and deionized water as solvent.
Drought agent formulation for experimental group 6: sodium hypochlorite with the mass fraction of 4 percent and deionized water as a solvent.
Drought agent formulation for experimental group 7: drought agent formulation for experimental group 1: 20 mass percent of polyethylene glycol 6000, 4 mass percent of sodium hypochlorite and deionized water as a solvent. The temperature of the drought agent is 4 ℃.
And (4) counting the germination rate: the germination percentage is ═ 100% (number of germinated seeds/total number of seeds in 7 days).
The experimental results are as follows: referring to table 1, the results show that the germination rates of seeds 63 and 27 in gossypium hirsutum treated with polyethylene glycol 6000 and sodium hypochlorite were seriously affected.
TABLE 1 Effect of drought Agents on Cotton seed survival
Figure BDA0003561503400000041
Example 2
A drought-resistant cotton breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a cotton variety Yu Cotton No. 21 with excellent properties as a female parent, selecting a cotton variety Yu Cotton No. 12 with drought resistance as a male parent, and planting respectively;
step 2, performing artificial pollination and hybridization on pollen of the male parent and castrated female parent flowers;
step 3, drought treatment: on the 2 nd day after the hybridization, applying (spraying or dripping, applying to a position where the hybrid seeds are generated) a drought agent to the hybrid flowers, continuously treating for 7 days, wherein 2mL of the drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower at 10 am and 6 am each day;
the drought agent formula is as follows: 20 mass percent of polyethylene glycol 6000, 4 mass percent of sodium hypochlorite and water as a solvent.
Step 4, managing the field until the first generation of seeds are harvested; 100 grains were randomly selected and tested for germination rates of 66% and 58% according to the control group (normal conditions) and the experimental group 1 (drought stress conditions) of example 1, indicating that most of the screened seeds were drought-tolerant seeds.
Example 3
A drought-resistant cotton breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a cotton variety Yu Cotton No. 21 with excellent properties as a female parent, selecting a cotton variety Yu Cotton No. 12 with drought resistance as a male parent, and planting respectively;
Step 2, performing artificial pollination and hybridization on pollen of the male parent and castrated female parent flowers;
step 3, drought treatment: on the 3 rd day after the hybridization, applying (spraying or dripping, applying to a position where the hybrid seeds are generated) a drought agent to the hybrid flowers, continuously treating for 10 days, wherein 1mL of the drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower at 10 am and 6 am each day;
the drought agent formula is as follows: 25 mass percent of polyethylene glycol 6000, 6 mass percent of sodium hypochlorite and water as a solvent.
Step 4, managing the field until the first generation of seeds are harvested; 100 grains were randomly selected and tested for germination rates of 64% and 59% according to the control group (normal conditions) and the experimental group 1 (drought stress conditions) of example 1, indicating that most of the screened seeds were drought-tolerant seeds.
Example 4
A drought-resistant cotton breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a cotton variety Yinshan No. 8 with excellent properties as a female parent, selecting a cotton variety Yumian No. 12 with drought resistance as a male parent, and planting respectively;
step 2, performing artificial pollination and hybridization on pollen of the male parent and castrated female parent flowers;
step 3, drought treatment: on the 2 nd day after the hybridization, applying (spraying or dripping, applying to a position where the hybrid seeds are generated) a drought agent to the hybrid flowers, continuously treating for 7 days, wherein 2mL of the drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower at 10 am and 6 am each day; the preparation method of the drought agent comprises the following steps: mixing polyethylene glycol 6000 with water according to the formula amount, refrigerating at 4 ℃ for 2h, taking out, adding sodium hypochlorite according to the formula amount, fully dissolving, applying to the hybridization flower, and transporting the drought agent by using an ice bag or refrigeration equipment from a preparation place to an experimental place.
The drought agent formula is as follows: polyethylene glycol 6000 accounting for 20 percent of the mass fraction, sodium hypochlorite accounting for 4 percent of the mass fraction, and water as a solvent.
Step 4, performing field management until first-generation grains are harvested; 100 grains were randomly selected and tested for germination rates of 70% and 68% according to the control group (normal conditions) and the experimental group 1 (drought stress conditions) of example 1, respectively, indicating that most of the screened seeds were drought-tolerant seeds.
Example 5
A drought-resistant cotton breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a cotton variety Yu Cotton No. 21 with excellent properties as a female parent, selecting a cotton variety Yu Cotton No. 12 with drought resistance as a male parent, and planting respectively;
step 2, pollinating and hybridizing pollen of the male parent and castrated female parent flowers, and harvesting a first filial generation;
step 3, planting first-filial generation seeds, and selecting plants with excellent characters to be hybridized with the female parent in the step 1;
step 4, drought treatment: on the 2 nd day after the hybridization, applying (spraying or dripping, applying to a position where the hybrid seeds are generated) a drought agent to the hybrid flowers, continuously treating for 7 days, wherein 2mL of the drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower at 10 am and 6 am each day; the preparation method of the drought agent comprises the following steps: mixing polyethylene glycol 6000 with water according to the formula amount, refrigerating at 4 ℃ for 2h, taking out, adding sodium hypochlorite according to the formula amount, fully dissolving, applying to the hybridization flower, and transporting the drought agent by using an ice bag or refrigeration equipment from a preparation place to an experimental place.
The drought agent formula is as follows: polyethylene glycol 6000 accounting for 20 percent of the mass fraction, sodium hypochlorite accounting for 4 percent of the mass fraction, and water as a solvent.
Step 5, performing field management until first-generation grains are harvested; 100 grains were randomly selected and tested for germination rates of 70% and 67% according to the control group (normal condition) and the experimental group 1 (drought stress condition) of example 1, respectively, indicating that most of the screened seeds were drought tolerant seeds.
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to numerical ranges, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. A drought-resistant cotton breeding method is characterized in that after cotton parents are hybridized and pollinated, hybrid flowers are subjected to drought treatment, and the drought treatment method comprises the following steps:
applying a drought agent to the hybridized flowers 2-3 days after hybridization, and continuously treating for 7-10 days, once every morning and evening;
the drought agent formula is as follows: 20-25% of polyethylene glycol 6000, 4-6% of sodium hypochlorite and water as a solvent.
2. A drought-tolerant cotton breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drought agent formula is as follows: polyethylene glycol 6000 accounting for 20 percent of the mass fraction, sodium hypochlorite accounting for 4 percent of the mass fraction, and water as a solvent.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein 1-2mL of drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower.
4. A drought tolerant cotton breeding method as claimed in claim 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1, selecting cotton varieties with excellent properties as female parents and male parents, and planting the cotton varieties respectively;
step 2, performing artificial pollination and hybridization on pollen of the male parent and castrated female parent flowers;
step 3, drought treatment: applying a drought agent to the hybrid flowers 2-3 days after the hybridization, continuously treating for 7-10 days, wherein the drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower 1-2mL in the morning and at night;
And 4, performing field management until the first generation of grains are harvested.
5. The drought-resistant cotton breeding method of claim 4, wherein the female parent is Yu cotton No. 21 or Yinshan No. 8.
6. A method of drought tolerant cotton breeding as claimed in claim 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1, selecting cotton varieties with excellent properties as female parents and selecting cotton varieties with drought resistance as male parents, and planting the cotton varieties respectively;
step 2, pollinating and hybridizing pollen of the male parent and castrated flowers of the female parent, and harvesting a first filial generation;
step 3, planting first-filial generation seeds, and selecting plants with excellent characters to be hybridized with the female parent in the step 1;
step 4, drought treatment: applying a drought agent to the hybrid flowers 2-3 days after the hybridization, continuously treating for 7-10 days, wherein the drought agent is applied to each hybrid flower 1-2mL in the morning and at night;
and 5, performing field management until the second generation of grains are harvested.
7. A drought-tolerant cotton breeding method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the drought agent is formulated as follows: mixing polyethylene glycol 6000 with water, refrigerating at 0-4 deg.C for more than 2 hr, taking out, adding sodium hypochlorite, and mixing.
8. Use of a drought agent for use in the method of claim 1 for assessing drought tolerance in cotton.
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003207949A8 (en) * 2003-01-07 2004-07-29 Hazera Genetics Ltd Hybrid cotton plants and seeds, and methods and systems of generating same
CN108849476A (en) * 2018-07-13 2018-11-23 河南农业职业学院 Improve the breeding method that oil uses tree peony drought resistance
CN109287192A (en) * 2018-12-01 2019-02-01 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 A kind of method of cotton seeds Identification of Drought
CN111837943A (en) * 2020-08-24 2020-10-30 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Breeding method of high-quality drought-resistant cotton variety
CN111972280A (en) * 2020-08-24 2020-11-24 河北农业大学 Pollination method for improving purple perilla hybridization success rate
CN112400402A (en) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-26 塔里木大学 Method for rapidly identifying drought tolerance of cotton germplasm resources through water culture

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003207949A8 (en) * 2003-01-07 2004-07-29 Hazera Genetics Ltd Hybrid cotton plants and seeds, and methods and systems of generating same
CN108849476A (en) * 2018-07-13 2018-11-23 河南农业职业学院 Improve the breeding method that oil uses tree peony drought resistance
CN109287192A (en) * 2018-12-01 2019-02-01 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 A kind of method of cotton seeds Identification of Drought
CN111837943A (en) * 2020-08-24 2020-10-30 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Breeding method of high-quality drought-resistant cotton variety
CN111972280A (en) * 2020-08-24 2020-11-24 河北农业大学 Pollination method for improving purple perilla hybridization success rate
CN112400402A (en) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-26 塔里木大学 Method for rapidly identifying drought tolerance of cotton germplasm resources through water culture

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