CN114561914A - Drainage structure in concrete panel rock-fill dam cushion zone in cold region - Google Patents
Drainage structure in concrete panel rock-fill dam cushion zone in cold region Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114561914A CN114561914A CN202210210480.9A CN202210210480A CN114561914A CN 114561914 A CN114561914 A CN 114561914A CN 202210210480 A CN202210210480 A CN 202210210480A CN 114561914 A CN114561914 A CN 114561914A
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- drainage
- concrete
- area
- cushion
- concrete panel
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/06—Earth-fill dams; Rock-fill dams
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention relates to a drainage structure for a concrete panel rock-fill dam cushion area in a cold region, which comprises a concrete panel, a cushion area, a transition area, an extrusion wall and a drainage column, wherein the extrusion wall and the drainage column are distributed in the cushion area; the extrusion wall is positioned on the bottom surface of the concrete panel and is connected with the drainage column, and the drainage column penetrates through the bedding zone to the upstream side boundary line of the transition zone. The drainage column penetrating through the cushion area is arranged, so that the permeability of the cushion area is enhanced, water in the reservoir which permeates into the extrusion wall and the cushion area through the concrete panel can be effectively drained to the transition area, the aim of quickly reducing the water level in the cushion area in the water level falling period of the reservoir is fulfilled, frost heaving damage to the cushion material of the concrete panel rock-fill dam in the cold area is avoided, and the concrete panel rock-fill dam has the advantages of wide application range, simplicity and convenience in construction, economy and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower dam engineering, in particular to the technical field of a drainage structure of a concrete panel rock-fill dam bedding area.
Background
Concrete panel rock-fill dams in water conservancy and hydropower dam engineering are usually built by adopting local materials, namely soil and stone, have the advantages of economy, environmental protection, low requirement on geological conditions and the like, and are widely applied to the engineering field. When the concrete panel rock-fill dam power station operates in a cold area, water of an upstream reservoir can permeate into a bedding region, if the permeability coefficient of the bedding material is small, the water level in the bedding material cannot be quickly reduced, the bedding material in a water level change region can be caused to be saturated with water and prone to frost heaving, excessive pressure can be applied to the impermeable concrete panel on the upstream side to damage the impermeable concrete panel, a leakage channel is generated in the dam, the stable safety margin of the dam is finally reduced, and the normal operation of the power station is influenced. The concrete face rockfill dam is generally required to have semi-permeable bedding material and i x (10) permeability coefficient-4～10-3) cm/s, but has special requirements on the bedding material of the concrete panel rock-fill dam in the cold area, the industry standard NB/T10871-2021 specification of design of concrete panel rock-fill dam 5.2.1 stipulates, and the permeability coefficient of the bedding material of the cold area and the pumped storage power station is preferably 1 x 10-3cm/s～1×10-2cm/s。
For the face slab dam engineering with local materials of lamellar rocks, the particles are small after the dam building material is rolled, a layer of stone powder layer is easily formed on the surface, and the thickness of the dam building material can reach about 10cm, so that the difference between the permeability of the bedding material in the horizontal direction and the permeability of the bedding material in the vertical direction is large, particularly the bedding material is basically impermeable in the vertical direction, and finally the permeability coefficient of the bedding material is difficult to reach the value specified by the specification. If the permeability coefficient of the bedding material is required to reach a specified value, the treatment is difficult, the construction filling progress is influenced, the construction period is difficult to guarantee, and the economic cost is high. It is therefore a very necessary and urgent task to design a drainage method that is economical and easy to construct, and that can rapidly lower the water level in the bedding zone.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the water level in a concrete panel rock-fill dam in a cold region cannot be quickly reduced due to a bedding material in a water level change region, so that the bedding material is saturated with water and is easy to frost and swell and applies excessive pressure to an upstream impermeable concrete panel to damage the upstream impermeable concrete panel.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme provided by the invention is to provide a concrete panel rock-fill dam cushion area drainage structure in a cold region, which comprises a concrete panel, a cushion area, a transition area, an extrusion wall and a drainage column, wherein the extrusion wall and the drainage column are distributed in the cushion area; the extrusion wall is positioned on the bottom surface of the concrete panel and is connected with the drainage column, and the drainage column penetrates through the bedding zone to the upstream side boundary line of the transition zone.
The drainage columns are distributed in a rectangular or quincunx shape in the cushion layer area.
Preferably, the height direction spacing of the rectangular or quincunx distribution is 2-4 h, wherein h is 30cm or 40cm, and the dam axis direction spacing is 1.5-2.5 m.
The horizontal included angle a of the drainage column arranged in the cushion layer area is 0-5 degrees.
The length of the drainage column is 3-10 cm greater than the horizontal thickness of the cushion area.
The extrusion wall is of a concrete structure.
The drainage column is a cylindrical sand-free concrete structure with the periphery wound with geotextile.
The section of the sand-free concrete is circular.
The section of the sand-free concrete is square or rectangular.
The drainage column is a solid plastic perforated pipe with the periphery wound with geotextile.
The geotextile is a conventional geotextile used for water conservancy and hydropower engineering and plays a role in reverse filtration.
The drainage structure of the concrete panel rock-fill dam cushion area in the cold area is provided with the drainage column penetrating through the cushion area, the drainage column is connected with the extrusion wall below the concrete panel, and the drainage column is arranged below the upstream side boundary line of the transition area, so that water penetrating into the extrusion wall and the cushion area through the concrete panel can be effectively drained to the transition area, the penetration capability of the cushion area is enhanced, the purpose of quickly reducing the water level in the cushion area in the water level falling period of a reservoir is achieved, frost heaving damage of the cushion material of the concrete panel rock-fill dam in the cold area is avoided, the stability and the safety of the concrete panel structure on the upstream surface of the dam and the dam slope are ensured, and the drainage structure has the advantages of wide application range, simplicity and convenience in construction, economy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the position of the drainage column within the bedding region;
fig. 3 is a side view schematically showing the distribution of the drainage columns in the mat zone, wherein (a) shows a rectangular distribution of the drainage columns in the mat zone, and (b) shows a quincunx distribution of the drainage columns in the mat zone.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined purpose, the embodiments are described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides a concrete panel rock-fill dam cushion region drainage structure in a cold region, which comprises a concrete panel 1, a cushion region 3, a transition region 4, an extrusion wall 2 and a drainage column 5, wherein the extrusion wall 2 and the drainage column are distributed in the cushion region 3; the extrusion wall 2 is positioned on the bottom surface of the concrete panel 1 and is connected with a drainage column 5, and the drainage column 5 penetrates through the boundary line of the upstream side of the bedding zone 3 to the transition zone 4.
The drainage columns 5 are distributed in a rectangular shape or a quincunx shape in the cushion material 3; the two distribution forms are preferably arranged at intervals of 2-4 h in the height direction, wherein h is 30cm or 40cm, and the intervals of 1.5-2.5 m in the axial direction of the dam are preferred.
The horizontal included angle a of the drainage column 5 arranged in the cushion area 3 is 0-5 degrees, the length of the drainage column 5 is slightly larger than the horizontal thickness of the cushion area 3, and preferably 3-10 cm.
The extrusion wall is a concrete structure.
The drainage column 5 is a columnar sand-free concrete structure 51 with geotextile 52 wound on the periphery, and the section of the columnar sand-free concrete structure 51 is circular.
In the construction process, the extrusion wall 2, the cushion layer area 3 and the transition area 4 are paved in layers, a layer of drainage columns 5 is paved after 2-4 layers are paved, and then the process is repeated until the dam crest is reached. The concrete construction process is as follows:
1) a plurality of drainage columns 5 are prepared for standby,
the columnar sand-free concrete structure 51 is prefabricated in advance before the construction period of the concrete panel rock-fill dam, the section of the columnar sand-free concrete structure 51 is circular, and the diameter D of the circular section is preferably 10 cm-15 cm. The geotextile 52 is wound on the periphery of the columnar sand-free concrete structure 51, the geotextile 52 is a common geotextile for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and after the geotextile 52 is wound, the geotextile 52 and the columnar sand-free concrete structure 51 are firmly bound by using an iron wire or a rope so as to prevent the geotextile 52 from falling off from the columnar sand-free concrete structure 51 in the subsequent construction process. The sand-free concrete has large gaps and good water permeability, and can play a good role in draining water when being used as a material of the drainage column 5; the geotextile 52 plays a role of reverse filtration, prevents fine dam materials in the cushion layer area 3 from entering the columnar sand-free concrete structure 51, and ensures the smoothness of the drainage column 5. The number of layers of the geotextile 52 wound on the periphery of the columnar sand-free concrete structure 51 is preferably 1-2, so that the cost of the geotextile 52 can be saved, and the reverse filtration effect can be achieved.
2) The extrusion wall 2 is constructed in layers,
the extrusion wall 2 is formed by selecting concrete according to the designed size and performing cast-in-place, and preferably selects low-grade concrete with the compressive strength of 3 MPa-5 MPa; the cross section is trapezoidal, and top width 10cm, the slope of upstream is the same with the slope of concrete panel 1 bottom, generally 1: 1.4 or 1.5, the downstream slope is 8:1, the height is the layer height h of each layer of cushion material and transition material, and h is 30cm or 40 cm. The extrusion wall 2 is connected with the drainage column 5, the extrusion wall 2 mainly plays a role of protecting an upstream dam slope before the concrete panel 1 is poured in the construction period, so that the extrusion wall has certain strength and semi-permeability, and the permeability coefficient is more than 1 multiplied by 10-2cm/s, so the low-grade concrete material with the compressive strength of 3MPa to 5MPa can be selected to achieve the performance. The construction mode and the requirement of the extrusion wall 2 are consistent with those of the conventional concrete panel rock-fill dam extrusion wall.
3) A layered construction bedding zone 3 and a transition zone 4,
laying a bedding material and a transition material in layers, and rolling, wherein the height h of the bedding area 3 and the transition area 4 after rolling is the same as the height of the prefabricated extrusion wall 2, and h is 30cm or 40 cm;
4) repeating the construction steps 2) and 3) for 2-4 times,
constructing step 5) at the same time when the last construction is carried out;
5) the construction of the drainage column 5 is carried out,
laying a drainage column 5 at the top end of the cushion layer area 3 when the cushion layer area 3 and the transition area 4 are laid for the last time in the step 4); the horizontal included angle a of the drainage column 5 arranged in the cushion layer area 3 is 0-5 degrees; one end of the drainage column 5 is close to the extrusion wall 2, and the other end is arranged on the upstream side boundary line of the transition area 4; the drainage columns 5 are distributed in the bedding material 3 in a rectangular or quincunx manner, the distance in the height direction is a fixed numerical value between 2 and 4 hours, h is 30cm or 40cm, h is the height of each bedding material and transition material, and the distance in the dam axis direction is 1.5-2.5 m; after rolling, the tops of the drainage column 5, the cushion layer area 3 and the transition area 4 are flush and are consistent with the top height of the extrusion wall 2 on the same layer;
the horizontal included angle of the drainage column 5 arranged in the cushion layer area 3 is 0-5 degrees, so that the drainage column 5 is horizontal or slightly inclined towards the downstream, construction is facilitated, and water in the drainage column 5 can flow into the transition area 4 conveniently; if the drainage column 5 inclines upstream, drainage is not facilitated, and if the horizontal included angle is too large, construction is not facilitated; one end of the drainage column 5 is closely attached to the compression wall 2, so that the moisture penetrating into the compression wall 2 from the concrete panel 1 can be collected into the drainage column 5 and discharged therethrough; the drainage columns 5 are distributed in the bedding material 3 in a regular and uniform distribution manner in a rectangular or quincunx shape, so that the drainage columns 5 can ensure that water in the bedding area 3 is gathered in all-round and uniform manner;
6) repeating the construction steps 2) to 5) until the dam crest;
7) the construction of the concrete panel 1 is carried out,
and constructing the concrete panel 1 on the side surface of the extruded wall 2, wherein the concrete panel 1 completely covers the side surface of the extruded wall 2 and is connected with the side surface without a cavity.
Example two:
in the embodiment, on the basis of the embodiment 1, the cross-sectional structure of the drainage column 5 is replaced by a square or a rectangle from a circle, and the side length of the square or the rectangle is 10 cm-15 cm.
The other contents of the first embodiment are applicable to the present embodiment.
Example three:
in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, the sand-free concrete structure 51 in the drainage column 5 is replaced by a solid plastic flower tube, the drainage column 5 is a solid plastic flower tube with the geotextile 52 wound around the periphery, and after winding, the two are firmly bound by an iron wire or a rope. The solid plastic flower tube is a plastic flower tube commonly used in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, has good water permeability, and can play a good role in draining water by being used as a material of the drainage column 5. The number of layers of the geotextile 52 wound on the periphery of the solid plastic perforated pipe is preferably 1-2, so that the cost of the geotextile can be saved, and the reverse filtration effect can be realized. The other contents of the first embodiment are applicable to the present embodiment.
The drainage structure of the concrete panel rock-fill dam cushion area in the cold area is provided with the drainage column penetrating through the cushion area, the drainage column is connected with the extrusion wall below the concrete panel and extends to the upstream side boundary line of the transition area, and because the drainage column has large internal pores and strong permeability, water penetrating into the extrusion wall and the cushion area through the concrete panel can be effectively drained to the transition area, so that the permeability of the cushion area is enhanced, the aim of quickly reducing the water level in the cushion area in the water level falling period of a reservoir is fulfilled, the cushion material of the concrete panel rock-fill dam in the cold area is ensured not to be damaged by frost heaving, the stable and safe structure of the concrete panel structure on the upstream surface of the dam and the dam slope are ensured, and the drainage structure has the advantages of wide application range, simple and convenient construction, economy and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to the particular embodiments, and should not be construed as limiting the invention, any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. which fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A drainage structure of a concrete panel rock-fill dam cushion zone in a cold region is characterized by comprising a concrete panel, a cushion zone, a transition zone, an extrusion wall and a drainage column, wherein the extrusion wall and the drainage column are distributed in the cushion zone; the extrusion wall is positioned on the bottom surface of the concrete panel and is connected with the drainage column, and the drainage column penetrates through the bedding zone to the upstream side boundary line of the transition zone.
2. The drainage structure of a concrete faced rockfill dam bedding region in a cold district as claimed in claim 1, wherein said drainage columns are distributed in a rectangular or quincunx shape in the bedding region.
3. The drainage structure of the concrete faced rockfill dam cushion zone in the cold area according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the rectangular or quincunx distribution in the height direction is 2-4 h, wherein h is 30cm or 40cm, and the distance between the dam axes is 1.5-2.5 m.
4. The drainage structure of the cushion layer area of the concrete faced rock-fill dam in the cold area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drainage column is disposed at a horizontal included angle a of 0-5 ° in the cushion layer area.
5. The drainage structure of a concrete faced rockfill dam in a cold district according to claim 1, wherein the length of the drainage column is 3cm to 10cm greater than the horizontal thickness of the bedding region.
6. The drainage structure of the concrete faced rockfill dam cushion zone in the cold area according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the extrusion wall is a concrete structure.
7. The drainage structure of a concrete faced rockfill dam bedding region in a cold district according to claim 6, wherein the drainage column is a cylindrical non-sand concrete structure with geotextile wrapped around the periphery.
8. The cold region concrete-faced rockfill dam blanket area drainage structure according to claim 7, wherein the cross-section of said columnar non-fine concrete structure is circular.
9. The cold region concrete-faced rockfill dam blanket area drainage structure according to claim 7, wherein the section of the columnar sand-free concrete structure is square or rectangular.
10. The drainage structure of a concrete faced rockfill dam bedding zone in a cold district according to claim 6, wherein the drainage column is formed of a solid plastic flower tube wrapped with geotextile at the outer circumference.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210210480.9A CN114561914B (en) | 2022-03-04 | 2022-03-04 | Drainage structure for bedding layer area of concrete face rockfill dam in cold area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210210480.9A CN114561914B (en) | 2022-03-04 | 2022-03-04 | Drainage structure for bedding layer area of concrete face rockfill dam in cold area |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114561914A true CN114561914A (en) | 2022-05-31 |
| CN114561914B CN114561914B (en) | 2024-01-19 |
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| CN202210210480.9A Active CN114561914B (en) | 2022-03-04 | 2022-03-04 | Drainage structure for bedding layer area of concrete face rockfill dam in cold area |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102011377A (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2011-04-13 | 广东省水利电力勘测设计研究院 | Novel key groove for back-upper heightening of stone-laying gravity dam |
| CN204023520U (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-12-17 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of dam body water draining structure improving loose rock dam shock resistance |
| CN205382466U (en) * | 2015-12-19 | 2016-07-13 | 江南水利水电工程公司 | Concrete face rockfill dam |
| CN205444126U (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-08-10 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Concrete panel enrockment dam structure in special topography |
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2022
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| CN114561914B (en) | 2024-01-19 |
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