CN108035318B - Construction method of dam body drainage structure of homogeneous earth dam - Google Patents
Construction method of dam body drainage structure of homogeneous earth dam Download PDFInfo
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- CN108035318B CN108035318B CN201711453793.2A CN201711453793A CN108035318B CN 108035318 B CN108035318 B CN 108035318B CN 201711453793 A CN201711453793 A CN 201711453793A CN 108035318 B CN108035318 B CN 108035318B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/06—Earth-fill dams; Rock-fill dams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method of a dam body drainage structure of a homogeneous earth dam, which comprises a vertical drainage body, at least one horizontal drainage cushion layer and a drainage ridge body which are connected in sequence, wherein the downstream side of an impervious curtain of a dam foundation in the dam body of the homogeneous earth dam is provided with the vertical drainage body with the horizontal width of 1 m-3 m along the axial direction of the dam for draining and permeating water to the bottom of the vertical drainage body, the downstream end of the vertical drainage body is provided with the drainage ridge body, and at least one horizontal drainage cushion layer is arranged between the vertical drainage body and the downstream drainage ridge body and is used as a connecting channel between the vertical drainage body and the drainage ridge body. The construction period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method of a drainage structure of a homogeneous earth dam in the industries of water conservancy, hydropower, mining and the like.
Background
Homogeneous earth dams are ancient hydraulic structures with a section that is not divided into a body and a shell, and are basically constructed from relatively uniform single materials with a low permeability coefficient. The whole dam body is an anti-seepage body, the contact seepage diameter of the structure of the anti-seepage body with a dam foundation, a bank slope and a concrete building is longer, and anti-seepage treatment can be simplified or even cancelled. The method has the characteristics of single filling material, simple working procedures, less interference among the working procedures, low requirement on geological conditions, low manufacturing cost and the like, and is often the preferred scheme of engineering design when the conditions are met. However, the use of this dam type in some rainy regions is limited because the filling of earth materials is greatly affected by rainfall. Particularly, if a proper dam body drainage measure is not adopted for the homogeneous earth dam built on the weak permeable dam foundation, the infiltration line in the dam body is higher, and if the infiltration line is intersected with the slope, the stability coefficient of the dam slope is reduced by about 50 percent, which is extremely unfavorable for the stability of the dam slope. In order to ensure the stability of the dam slope, the gradient must be reduced, thereby increasing the amount of filling work.
The homogeneous earth dam is filled in a partition and layering mode. The rolling exciting force directly acts on the surface of each filling layer, the partial compaction degree of the upper half part of the rolling exciting force is higher, a compact and smooth surface layer is formed on the surface, the compaction degree of the lower half part of the rolling exciting force is relatively lower, and horizontal low-compaction degree areas exist among the layers, so that the dam body is of a soft and hard (relatively) alternate uneven structure, and the horizontal water permeability is larger than the vertical water permeability.
Generally, the homogeneous dam adopts a drainage structure combining prism (slope) drainage and mattress drainage. When the dam body has the same water permeability in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the mattress drainage can effectively reduce the dam body infiltration line, and the structure is strengthened by the effect of the horizontal drainage mattress. Because the horizontal permeability of the filled earth is always larger than the vertical permeability after rolling along the interlayer, although a mattress drainage infiltration line is arranged, the drainage infiltration line still can not be rapidly descended, and the downstream dam body (slope) can not be ensured to be in a dry state (the infiltration line is intersected with the bottom mattress or the ridge body). In order to reduce the height of the dam body infiltration line, reduce the osmotic pressure and increase the anti-skid stability of the dam slope at the downstream of the dam body, thereby properly increasing the gradient of the downstream dam slope and reducing the filling engineering, a homogeneous soil dam drainage structure which has lower cost and convenient construction and can obviously reduce the dam body infiltration line compared with the prism drainage and mattress drainage is required to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a dam body drainage structure of a homogeneous earth dam, which can reduce the height of a dam body infiltration line, reduce osmotic pressure and increase the anti-skid stability of a dam slope at the downstream of the dam body, thereby properly increasing the gradient of the dam slope at the downstream, reducing the filling work amount, having low cost and convenient construction, and can have a homogeneous earth dam drainage structure which can obviously reduce the infiltration line, thereby meeting the standard requirement, saving the construction cost and shortening the construction period.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
The invention relates to a construction method of a dam body drainage structure of a homogeneous earth dam, which consists of a vertical drainage body, at least one horizontal drainage cushion layer (horizontal drainage body) and a drainage ridge body which are sequentially connected, wherein the construction method is that filling materials with high permeability coefficient, such as sand, gravels or organic materials capable of guiding and draining water, are adopted at the downstream side of an impervious curtain of a dam foundation in the homogeneous earth dam body to form a vertical drainage body with the horizontal width of 1 m-3 m along the axial direction of the dam, so as to drain the water to the bottom of the vertical drainage body, the drainage ridge body is arranged at the downstream end, and at least one horizontal drainage cushion layer is arranged between the vertical drainage body and the downstream drainage ridge body to be used as a connecting channel between the vertical drainage body and the drainage ridge body, so as to ensure that the permeated water is smoothly drained to the downstream.
The vertical drainage body consists of a vertical drainage layer and vertical reverse filtering layers respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the vertical drainage layer, the horizontal drainage cushion layer consists of a horizontal drainage layer and horizontal reverse filtering layers respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the horizontal drainage layer, and the drainage arris body consists of a drainage reverse filtering layer and rolled rockfill.
The horizontal drainage cushion layers are two, and two drainage channels (drainage mattresses) are arranged between the vertical drainage and the drainage arris body to ensure that the water seepage of the dam body can be smoothly drained to the downstream. After the drainage structure is changed, the downstream three-level dam slope is divided from bottom to top: 1:2.5, 1: 2.0. The height of the corresponding drainage arrises is also significantly reduced.
In the vertical directionWith the homogeneity dam that the level is different to the permeability, the structure of current intensive mattress drainage (horizontal setting) can not satisfy the requirement, needs the effect of reinforceing vertical drainage body, and horizontal drainage bed course is only drainage channel. Through calculation and comparison of the seepage fields of the homogeneous dam and the clay core rockfill dam, the flow line in the seepage field of the clay core rockfill dam is found to rapidly decrease after passing through the core wall and entering a rockfill area, and then decrease to a downstream water level elevation within a short horizontal distance. The main reason is due to the large permeability coefficient (about 1-5 × 10) of the rockfill area-2cm/s, about 5000-10000 times of the clay core wall). The invention can arrange a layer of filling area (or other organic materials capable of guiding and draining water) with a certain thickness and large permeability coefficient at a specific position in the dam body to form a vertical drainage channel from top to bottom, and guide and drain the seepage water to the downstream, and when the drainage capacity of the seepage line and the drainage channel with the top elevation higher than the corresponding section at the arrangement position of the drainage channel is ensured to be larger than the seepage flow of the whole dam body, the dam body at the downstream side of the drainage channel can be ensured to be in a drier state, thereby realizing the invention.
The method of the invention can reduce the height of the infiltration line of the dam body, reduce the osmotic pressure and increase the anti-skid stability of the dam slope at the downstream of the dam body, thereby properly increasing the gradient of the downstream dam slope, reducing the filling engineering quantity, having lower cost and convenient construction, and having a homogeneous earth dam drainage structure which obviously reduces the infiltration line, thereby meeting the specification requirement, saving the construction cost and shortening the construction period.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the dam drainage structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the drainage structure of the dam of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a drainage path model of a homogeneous dam.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in the construction method of the dam body drainage structure of the homogeneous earth dam of the embodiment, the dam body drainage structure is composed of a vertical drainage body 1, two horizontal drainage cushion layers 2 and a drainage ridge body 3 which are connected in sequence. The construction method is that on the downstream side of a dam foundation seepage-proofing curtain in a homogeneous earth dam body, a vertical drainage body 1 with the horizontal width of 2 is formed by high-permeability-coefficient filling materials such as sand and gravels (or organic materials capable of guiding and draining water) meeting the grading requirements along the axial direction of the dam so as to drain and drain the seepage water to the bottom of the vertical drainage body. And a drainage prism 3 is arranged at the downstream end, and two horizontal drainage cushion layers 2 are arranged between the vertical drainage body and the downstream drainage prism and are used as communication channels between the vertical drainage body and the drainage prism to ensure that the permeated water is smoothly drained to the downstream.
The vertical drainage body is composed of a sandstone material or an organic geotechnical material (or the combination of the sandstone material and the organic geotechnical material) meeting the requirements of reverse filtration and water flux, and consists of two parts, namely a vertical reverse filtration layer 1-1 and a vertical drainage layer 1-2. The main functions of the dam are to block the permeation path, change the permeation direction and dredge the permeated water from the upper part of the dam to the bottom of the drainage body by utilizing the self high permeability. Wherein vertical inverted filter guarantees that the clay granule adjacent with vertical drainage is carried does not run off. The drainage layer is ensured to be continuously effective; the vertical drainage layer is used for draining the seepage water.
The horizontal drainage cushion layer is composed of sand stones meeting the requirements of reverse filtration and water flow capacity and is connected with the vertical drainage bodies and the drainage arrises. The function of the drainage device is to drain the permeated water from the bottom of the vertical drainage body to the downstream of the river channel. The device is divided into a horizontal reversed filter layer 2-1 and a horizontal drainage layer 2-2, and the device is used as a vertical reversed filter layer and a vertical drainage layer.
The drainage arris body is composed of a reverse filtering layer 3-1 and rolled rock heaps 3-2, and has two main functions, namely, water seepage of a dam body is eliminated; secondly, protect the downstream slope.
Unlike mattress drainage structures that reinforce the effect of horizontal drainage mattresses, the homogeneous earth dam drainage structure of the present invention reinforces the effect of vertical drainage, with the horizontal drainage bed being the only drainage channel. It must satisfy the following conditions: firstly, the vertical and horizontal water flow of the drainage body can meet the seepage requirement of the dam; secondly, the elevation of the top surface of the drainage body must be higher than the height of the seepage line at the section, so that seepage water can enter the vertical drainage body; thirdly, the drainage body must be provided with a reverse filtering protective layer to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the drainage body; fourthly, the vertical drainage body must be effectively communicated with the horizontal drainage cushion layer at the bottom, and smooth drainage is guaranteed.
In the embodiment, the drainage structure of the homogeneous earth dam body is filled with the horizontal drainage cushion layer at the bottommost part; the drainage arris body and the vertical drainage body are simultaneously laminated, rolled and filled with the whole dam. The implementation method comprises the following steps:
1. Horizontal drainage bed course:
The horizontal drainage cushion layer is composed according to a horizontal drainage structure, and a bottom horizontal filtering layer is constructed in a layered mode at first. The thickness and the range of the single-layer filling are determined according to the test result and the specific situation of the site, test detection is carried out after the leveling and rolling, and the construction of the previous layer is carried out after the requirement is met. And the horizontal reversed filtering layer is constructed according to the design, then the horizontal drainage layer is constructed, and then the horizontal reversed filtering layer at the top of the horizontal drainage layer is constructed. The clay filler on the top of the whole horizontal drainage cushion layer can be filled after the construction is completed.
2. Drainage arris body:
The drainage prism is constructed together with the horizontal drainage cushion layer and the clay material layer by layer. In each layer, the drainage arris is filled first, then the reverse filter (transition) material is filled, and then the earth material is filled. It requires simultaneous rolling of the earth material and the reverse (transition) material. The construction is careful about the differentiation and the structural size of various fillers, so that the mixing is avoided.
3. vertical drainage body:
And the vertical drainage bodies and the clay are filled together in a layered mode. The method comprises the steps of filling soil on the upstream side, filling the filter materials adjacent to the soil on the upstream side, namely the drainage body and the filter materials on the downstream side in sequence, and filling the soil adjacent to the filter materials on the downstream side of the vertical drainage body. The drainage body and the soil material are rolled simultaneously. Before filling of the vertical drainage body adjacent to the bank slope, the processing of the bank slope must meet the requirements and the rolling quality is ensured.
This homogeneous earth dam body drainage structures reinforces the effect of vertical drainage body, and horizontal drainage bed course is only drainage channel. The working principle is that the vertical drainage body blocks a permeation path, and permeated water is guided to the bottom of the vertical drainage body and is drained to a downstream river channel through the horizontal drainage cushion layer. The construction method has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in construction, capability of accelerating the construction progress, saving the construction cost and reducing the construction cost.
Compared with various filling engineering quantities before and after the drainage structure is changed, the economic benefit generated after the structure is changed is more obvious. The engineering quantities of the various fillers are compared in Table 1.
Table 1:
The above embodiments are further illustrative of the present invention, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter is limited to the above embodiments. All the technologies realized based on the above contents belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the construction method of the dam body drainage structure of the homogeneous earth dam is characterized in that the dam body drainage structure consists of a vertical drainage body, at least one horizontal drainage cushion layer and a drainage ridge body which are sequentially connected, the construction method is that high-permeability-coefficient filling materials or organic materials capable of guiding and draining water are adopted at the downstream side of a dam foundation seepage-proofing curtain in the dam body of the homogeneous earth dam, a vertical drainage body with the horizontal width of 1 m-3 m is formed along the direction of the axis of the dam, the drainage ridge body is arranged at the bottom of the vertical drainage body to drain the seepage water, at least one horizontal drainage cushion layer is arranged between the vertical drainage body and a downstream drainage ridge body and serves as a connection channel between the vertical drainage body and the drainage ridge body, and the seepage water is guaranteed to be smoothly drained to the downstream.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the vertical drainage body comprises a vertical drainage layer and vertical inverted filter layers respectively disposed on upper and lower sides of the vertical drainage layer, the horizontal drainage mat layer comprises a horizontal drainage layer and horizontal inverted filter layers respectively disposed on upper and lower sides of the horizontal drainage layer, and the drainage ridge comprises a drainage inverted filter layer and rolled rock mounds.
3. The method of constructing a drainage structure of a dam of a homogeneous dam as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of horizontal drainage mats is two.
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109750655A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-05-14 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | A kind of homogeneous earth dam axis of dam downstream vertical row water layer and construction method |
| CN112252273B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-12-21 | 中国有色金属工业西安勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating tailing sand leakage in tailing pond dam body |
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