CN114560669A - 一种用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料及其制备方法。所述的混合料由90‑95质量份的经过预处理的煤矸石集料与5‑10质量份的固化剂组成。本发明制备的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料具有优异的抗压强度、抗裂性能和耐久性，路用性能优良。本发明采用的机械强化与化学界面强化相结合的预处理方式，一方面有效提高煤矸石粒料的强度，另一方面可有效避免后期工程应用中有可能出现的自燃现象。本发明配制的固化剂可有效降低水泥的用量，亦可大量消耗煤矸石、粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉、石膏、钢渣等大宗工业固废，且在使用中不产生新的污染物，是一种低碳、环保的固废消耗方式，具有良好的经济、社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于道路工程材料技术领域，具体涉及一种用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料及其制备方法。
背景技术
煤矸石是采煤过程和洗煤过程中排放的固体废物，是一种在成煤过程中与煤层伴生的一种含碳量较低、比煤坚硬的黑灰色岩石。煤矸石若弃置不用，占用大片土地，同时煤矸石中的硫化物逸出或浸出会污染大气、农田和水体。矸石山还会自燃发生火灾，或在雨季崩塌，淤塞河流造成灾害。煤矸石的应用途径较多，如制备硅系材料、铝系材料、纤维材料、SiO2气凝胶材料、纤维材料等，这些途径可有效提高煤矸石的附加值，但是易产生一些新的工业废物。当前在道路工程建设中，将煤矸石破碎后用作道路工程中的集料是煤矸石应用的主要途径之一，比如用于道路基层、底基层、垫层中，但煤矸石因其坚固性较差，空隙较多，化学成分复杂，用传统胶凝材料水泥稳定煤矸石强度不佳、成型不好、稳定性差，导致道路路面用水泥稳定煤矸石集料基层的耐久性较差，容易产生裂缝、翻浆等病害，这大大限制了煤矸石在道路工程中的应用。
因此，开发一种新型胶凝固化材料用于稳定煤矸石混合料来提高煤矸石路面基层的强度、稳定性及耐久性是目前煤矸石应用于道路工程亟待解决的瓶颈技术问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料及其制备方法，主要解决水泥稳定煤矸石混合料基层技术成型稳定性差、耐久性差、抗裂能力差等的技术问题。本发明制备的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料具有优异的抗压强度、抗裂性能和耐久性，路用性能优良。本发明采用的机械强化与化学界面强化相结合的预处理方式，一方面有效提高煤矸石粒料的强度，另一方面可有效避免后期工程应用中有可能出现的自燃现象。本发明配制的固化剂可有效降低水泥的用量，亦可大量消耗煤矸石、粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉、石膏、钢渣等大宗工业固废，且在使用中不产生新的污染物，是一种低碳、环保的固废消耗方式，具有良好的经济、社会效益。
本发明所述的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料由90-95质量份的经过预处理的煤矸石集料与5-10质量份的固化剂组成。
所述煤矸石集料的级配范围为：筛孔尺寸9.5mm、4.75mm、2.36mm、1.18mm、0.6mm、0.3mm、0.15mm、0.075mm下的集料通过率分别为100％、70-100％、50-80％、35-51％、29-39％、20-28％、12-20％、9-12％。
所述固化剂由质量比为0-15:5-35:25-50:0-45:0-10:0-5:0-2:0-5的水泥、粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉、石膏、钢渣、固体环氧树脂、调节剂和激发剂混合而成。
所述调节剂为木质素磺酸盐，优选木质素磺酸钙或木质素磺酸钠。
所述激发剂为氧化镁、三乙醇胺、水化硅酸钙中的一种或几种。
所述煤矸石集料的预处理方法为：(1)将煤矸石粒料球磨粉碎后，经过9.5mm粒径振动筛分，筛下物进入化学搅拌池；(2)采用雾化机将表面改性剂雾化后通入搅拌池中，煤矸石粒料搅拌2-3min后出料，自然干燥。
所述表面改性剂由质量比为1:8-10:1:1的阻燃剂、稀释剂、偶联剂、氨基化合物混合而成。
所述阻燃剂为氨基磷酸酯；稀释剂为甘油醚类或甘油酯类，优选单环氧基缩水甘油醚；偶联剂为硅烷系偶联剂；氨基化合物为聚酰胺类固化剂。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
1.本发明提供的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料，首先对煤矸石进行了粉碎、筛选与强化的预处理操作。强化处理为机械强化与化学界面强化相结合的方式。机械强化可有效去除煤矸石表面的疏松物质，还可以对层状、片状的煤矸石进行圆度调整，一方面有助于降低后期固化剂的消耗，另一方面降低混合料结构的空隙率，提高其密实度，最终实现强度稳定与低变形。
2.化学强化方式引入了阻燃剂、稀释剂、偶联剂、氨基化合物等混合物对煤矸石粒料进行表面改性。相对于粉体粒料，聚合物分子具有较长的分子链，可对煤矸石等颗粒实施有效的裹附，改善其粘结性能；其次木质素磺酸盐类物质可以改善煤矸石颗粒表面的带电状态，有助于改善煤矸石混合料的压缩性能，提高强度以及水稳定性。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
本实施例的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料由94质量份的经过预处理的煤矸石集料与6质量份的固化剂组成。
所述固化剂由质量比为10:30:40:10:5:3:2的水泥、粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉、石膏、钢渣、固体环氧树脂、木质素磺酸钠和激发剂混合而成。所述激发剂由质量比为1:3的三乙醇胺与水化硅酸钙混合而成。
实施例2
本实施例的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料由93质量份的经过预处理的煤矸石集料与7质量份的固化剂组成。
所述固化剂由质量比为15:25:40:8:5:5:0.5:0.7:2的水泥、粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉、石膏、钢渣、固体环氧树脂、木质素磺酸钠和激发剂混合而成。所述激发剂由质量比为1:3的三乙醇胺与水化硅酸钙混合而成。
实施例3
本实施例的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料由95质量份的经过预处理的煤矸石集料与5质量份的固化剂组成。
所述固化剂由质量比为7:30:40:8:10:3:1.0:2的水泥、粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉、石膏、钢渣、固体环氧树脂、木质素磺酸钙和激发剂混合而成。所述激发剂由质量比为1:3的氧化镁与水化硅酸钙混合而成。
实施例1-3使用的煤矸石集料的预处理方法为：(1)将煤矸石粒料球磨粉碎后，经过9.5mm粒径振动筛分，筛下物进入化学搅拌池；(2)采用雾化机将表面改性剂雾化后通入搅拌池中，煤矸石粒料搅拌3min后出料，自然干燥。所述表面改性剂由质量比为1:10:1:1的磷酸三丁酯、稀释剂592、偶联剂KH550、聚酰胺混合而成。
实施例1-3使用的煤矸石集料按照表1煤矸石级配比例进行配比，其中煤矸石集料须筛除9.5mm筛孔以上的煤矸石。
表1煤矸石集料级配
按照《公路土工试验规程》(JTG E40-2007)、《公路工程集料试验规程》(JTG E42-2005)、《公路工程无机结合料稳定材料试验规程》(JTG E51-2009)相关试验方法对实施例1-3配制的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料进行击实、成型、强度及干缩等性能测试，测试结果如表2所示。
表2固化剂稳定煤矸石技术性能
上面结合实施例对本发明作了详细的说明，便于所属技术领域的技术人员能够理解，在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下，还可以对上述实施例中的各个具体参数进行变更，形成多个具体的实施例，均为本发明的常见变化范围，在此不再一一详述。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料，其特征在于，所述混合料由90-95质量份的经过预处理的煤矸石集料与5-10质量份的固化剂组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料，其特征在于，所述煤矸石集料的级配范围为：筛孔尺寸9.5mm、4.75mm、2.36mm、1.18mm、0.6mm、0.3mm、0.15mm、0.075mm下的集料通过率分别为100％、70-100％、50-80％、35-51％、29-39％、20-28％、12-20％、9-12％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料，其特征在于，所述固化剂由质量比为0-15:5-35:25-50:0-45:0-10:0-5:0-2:0-5的水泥、粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉、石膏、钢渣、固体环氧树脂、调节剂和激发剂混合而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料，其特征在于，所述调节剂为木质素磺酸盐。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料，其特征在于，所述激发剂为氧化镁、三乙醇胺、水化硅酸钙中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料，其特征在于，所述煤矸石集料的预处理方法为：(1)将煤矸石粒料球磨粉碎后，经过9.5mm粒径振动筛分，筛下物进入化学搅拌池；(2)采用雾化机将表面改性剂雾化后通入搅拌池中，煤矸石粒料搅拌2-3min后出料，自然干燥。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料，其特征在于，所述表面改性剂由质量比为1:8-10:1:1的阻燃剂、稀释剂、偶联剂、氨基化合物混合而成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于道路基层的固化剂稳定煤矸石混合料，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为氨基磷酸酯；稀释剂为甘油醚类或甘油酯类；偶联剂为硅烷系偶联剂；氨基化合物为聚酰胺类固化剂。
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