CN114559009A - Wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for high-voltage GIS and machining process thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for high-voltage GIS and machining process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
- H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
- H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention provides a wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for a high-pressure GIS and a processing technology thereof, wherein the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-pressure GIS is good in wear resistance, excellent in air tightness and long in service life, ZAlSi7MgA is modified and forged, and aluminum-silicon alloy is added, so that the mass fraction of silicon in a shell body is 8.5-10.5%, and the wear resistance of the shell is improved; rare earth Sc and Al-B refiner are added as alterants to carry out modification treatment, so that the hardness, wear resistance, thermal stability and fatigue resistance of the shell are obviously improved, and a strengthening effect is generated; the wear-resistant layer takes epoxy resin and water-based polyamide imide as basic paint, glass fiber is acidized and then silanized, graphene oxide grafting is carried out, the binding force between the glass fiber and the basic paint is improved, amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide is introduced to improve the thermal stability of the wear-resistant layer, the complexity of a molecular network in the wear-resistant layer is greatly enhanced through introduction of limited components, and the air tightness of the shell is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage GIS, in particular to a wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for a high-voltage GIS and a processing technology thereof.
Background
GIS is short for gas insulated totally-enclosed combined electrical apparatus, GIS apparatus or part are enclosed in the grounded metal casing, the inside is filled with sulfur hexafluoride insulating gas of certain pressure, compared with conventional open-type converting station, GIS has compact structure, small floor space, high reliability, strong adaptive capacity of the environment, very small maintenance workload, etc., its failure rate is only 20-40% of conventional apparatus, and the extra-high voltage GIS switchgear is the national key development project.
The existing aluminum alloy shell for the high-pressure GIS is mainly made of cast aluminum alloy ZL101A as a raw material, the gravity casting process is mostly adopted as a processing process, and the aluminum alloy shell for the high-pressure GIS needs to bear a large load in service and has high requirements on air tightness and mechanical properties.
Although the ZL101A aluminum alloy has the advantages of good air tightness, good casting fluidity, small shrinkage rate and the like, the ZL101A aluminum alloy has the problems of high oxidation and pinhole tendency and the like in the conventional casting process, so that the shell has main defects of cold shut, air holes, shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavities, pinholes, slag inclusion and the like, the air tightness of the shell is adversely affected, and further, the existence of conductive impurities, the permeation of external moisture, the leakage of sulfur hexafluoride gas and the aging of insulators are caused, and the internal flashover fault of the GIS is caused. Because GIS is full seal structure, the location after breaking down and the maintenance degree of difficulty are high, and average power failure maintenance time after the accident is longer than conventional equipment, in order to reduce GIS's later stage maintenance process, prolong GIS's life, put forward higher requirement to high pressure GIS with aluminum alloy shell's gas tightness, wearability and comprehensive mechanical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for a high-voltage GIS and a processing technology thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a processing technology of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for a high-voltage GIS comprises the following steps:
s1: taking ZAlSi7MgA as alloy steel, putting the alloy steel into a high-frequency electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for melting, heating to 725 ℃, adding hexachloroethane, preserving heat for 20-25min, heating to 735-;
s2: when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 675-685 ℃, transferring the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for non-vacuum die casting to obtain an ingot;
s3: keeping the temperature of the cast ingot at 540-;
s4: then sequentially polishing, cleaning, blow-drying, pre-straightening, peeling, finely straightening and cutting to obtain an aluminum alloy shell body;
s5: ultrasonically dispersing amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide into N-methyl pyrrolidone, adding TDE-85 epoxy resin, ultrasonically treating for 1-1.5h at 18-25 ℃, removing a solvent, grinding for 3-5 times, adding water-based polyamide imide, modified glass fiber and methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and blending for 10-15min at the speed of 1800-1900r/min in a vacuum environment by using a planetary vacuum mixer to obtain the wear-resistant coating;
s6: and D, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell obtained in the step S4, coating the wear-resistant coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell, standing for 20 hours, preserving heat for 1 hour at 120 ℃, then heating to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and forming a wear-resistant layer to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS.
The aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS needs higher air tightness and wear resistance to match the development of the high-voltage GIS which is increasingly accelerated, and the air tightness and wear resistance of the aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS are improved and the service life of the aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS is prolonged by modifying, forging and coating ZAlSi7MgA with a wear-resistant coating;
according to the invention, the alloy steel is firstly put into a high-frequency electromagnetic induction smelting furnace to be melted, and then hexachloroethane is added to refine the melt, so that the purity of the shell body is improved, then the alterant and the aluminum-silicon alloy are added to carry out modification treatment, the wear resistance of the shell is improved by improving the silicon content of the shell body, under the condition that the mass fraction of silicon in the shell body is 8.5-10.5%, the problems of large oxidation and pinhole tendency of the aluminum alloy body in the conventional casting process are solved by adjusting the temperature and the adding amount of the alterant, and the hardness, wear resistance, thermal stability and fatigue resistance of the shell are obviously improved.
The primary alpha-Al grain size, the eutectic silicon size and the shape in ZAlSi7MgA have important influence on the performance, at present, the common alterant of the eutectic silicon mainly comprises Na, Sr, Sb, rare earth and the like, but Na is easy to volatilize and burn, the modification time is greatly shortened, the gas is easy to absorb, the number of air holes is increased, and smoke is generated in the modification process to pollute the environment; sr is easy to burn, the air suction tendency is extremely serious, and the tensile property is seriously influenced; sb reduces the size of silicon, but the modification effect has higher requirement on the cooling speed;
aiming at the defects, the invention selects Al-B and rare earth Sc as the alterant, and controls the proportion between the Al-B and the rare earth Sc and the shell body to achieve the effects of prolonging the alteration, refining crystal grains, reducing brittle fracture and improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the shell body.
Further, in the step S1, the alterant is obtained by compounding an Al-B refiner and rare earth Sc according to the mass ratio of 4: 3.
The invention selects Al-B to replace Al-5Ti-B because Al-5Ti-B mainly depends on TiAl released by melting3To refine the grains, while in the present invention increasing the silicon content is used to increase the wear resistance of the shell, TiAl3Will react with the redundant Si phase to generate Al-Ti-Si ternary intermetallic compound, so that the refining effect stability is poor and the defect of fast decline exists;
in the invention, when the Sc content of rare earth is lower than 0.28 percent, primary alpha-Al is generated, the eutectic silicon has serious agglomeration, the cutting action on a matrix is large, the alloy performance is deteriorated, when the Sc mass fraction reaches 0.28 percent, coarse dendrites are refined, the secondary dendrite spacing is minimum, when the Sc content exceeds 0.3 percent, AlSiSc intermetallic compounds generated by reaction with Al and Si are increased and permeate into grain boundaries, the homodromous growth network of the eutectic silicon is promoted, and the modification effect is deteriorated; the rare earth Sc and Al-B are added together to prolong the effective action time of the modified shell body, because the rare earth Sc improves the wettability of molten aluminum to boride, the added Al-B refiner is not easy to agglomerate and precipitate, the binding force between Si-Si and Si-Al atomic groups is weakened, the combination of A1-A1 atomic groups is strengthened to cause the undercooling of alpha-Al phase nucleation, and during the crystallization of eutectic crystal, alpha-Al is precipitated and grown as a leading phase first, so that the growth of eutectic silicon is limited, and the refining effect on the eutectic silicon is achieved;
rare earth Sc can not enter alpha-Al crystal lattices and can only be partially gathered on a crystal boundary or adsorbed on a solid-liquid interface, so that the fusing chance of dendrites is increased, crystal grains are refined, the shape distribution of eutectic Si is changed, and meanwhile, when a melt is solidified, Sc is adsorbed on the growth surface of the eutectic Si in an atomic state to block the growth of the Si phase and refine the size of the eutectic Si; formation of Al from rare earth Sc and Al3The Sc intermetallic compound and alpha-Al crystal lattice belong to a face-centered cubic structure, the mismatching degree is lower than 2 percent, the Sc intermetallic compound and the alpha-Al crystal lattice serve as nucleation cores, so that crystal grains are refined, and B reacts with Al to generate AlB with the face-centered cubic crystal lattice structure2Phase with lattice constant in good coherent relation with the lattice constant of alpha-Al, AlB2Can be used as an effective nucleation substrate of an alpha-Al phase to cooperatively refine grains; by adjusting the addition amount of the modifier, the Fe-rich phase remaining in the shell is changed from a long needle shape into a granular shape and a short rod shape, the end part is rounded, and the tendency of the shell to be a pinhole is greatly reduced.
By controlling the addition of the rare earth Sc and Al-B, the modifier has good long-acting property and remelting stability on the modification effect of the shell, can eliminate hydrogen and oxygen gas in the shell, greatly reduces the pinhole rate of the shell, greatly reduces the defects of shrinkage porosity, segregation, hot cracking tendency and the like of the shell, and obviously improves the yield.
Further, the preheating temperature of the die in step S2 is 180 ℃, and the injection speed is 4.5-6 m/S.
Aluminum alloy shells for high-voltage GIS inevitably face various corrosion and abrasion problems during service. In order to prolong the service life of the aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS, the surface of the aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS is coated with a wear-resistant layer, so that the wear resistance and the air tightness of the shell are enhanced.
According to the invention, firstly, the glass fiber is acidified, then the hydroxyl and carboxyl on the surface are increased, then the graphene oxide grafting is carried out after the silanization of the surface of the glass fiber, so as to improve the bonding force between the glass fiber and the basic coating, but the grafted graphene oxide is added into the basic coating, so that the thermal stability of the wear-resistant layer is reduced compared with the glass fiber which is not grafted, because the grafted glass fiber surface contains unstable oxygen-containing functional groups (such as hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl) and can be decomposed at high temperature to generate carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water and the like; therefore, the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide is introduced to improve the thermal stability of the wear-resistant layer, the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide is added into the basic coating, the chemical bond generated by the reaction of amino and epoxy groups enhances the interaction force between the molybdenum disulfide and epoxy resin, the bonding force between the molybdenum disulfide and the water-based polyamide imide is improved by amination modification, and the amino group is combined with the carboxyl on the surface of the glass fiber, so that the complexity of a molecular network in the wear-resistant layer is greatly enhanced, and the air tightness of the shell is enhanced.
Further, in step S5, the ratio of [ m (amino acid-modified molybdenum disulfide) + m (modified glass fiber) ]/[ m (TDE-85 epoxy resin) + m (aqueous polyamideimide) ] is 10.5 to 12.5%.
Further, in the step S5, the mass ratio of the TDE-85 epoxy resin to the waterborne polyamide imide to the methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride is 2:2: 1; the mass ratio of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide to the modified glass fiber is 3: 1.
Further, the preparation of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide comprises the following steps: dividing amino acid into amino acid A and amino acid B according to the mass ratio of 6:1, mixing and stirring the amino acid A and distilled water, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding molybdenum disulfide, stirring the amino acid A and the molybdenum disulfide at the mass ratio of 15:1 at 18-25 ℃ for 20h, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10h, centrifuging the mixture for 1-2h at 1450r/min after ultrasonic treatment, taking out supernatant, adding the supernatant into the amino acid B, performing ultrasonic treatment for 5h, centrifuging the mixture for 1h at 10000r/min, continuously replacing the solution with distilled water until the redundant amino acid in the solution is removed, and drying the solution to obtain the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide.
Further, the preparation of the modified glass fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) ultrasonically mixing glass fiber and acetone, refluxing for 20-22h at 70 ℃, then adding a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid with the volume ratio of 1:1, reacting for 1.5-2h at 90-98 ℃, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking for 3-5 times until the pH value of the solution is 6.8-7.2, and vacuum drying to obtain acidified glass fiber;
(2) preparing a silane coupling agent solution by using absolute ethyl alcohol, a silane coupling agent KH550 and deionized water, adding acidified glass fiber into the silane coupling agent solution, stirring, then adding an ethanol solution, ultrasonically stirring for 25-30min, transferring into a silicon oil bath, heating to 75-78 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 3h, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking, cleaning, centrifuging for 5-8 times, and vacuum drying to obtain silanized glass fiber;
(3) dispersing graphene oxide into an N, N-dimethylformamide solution, adding silanized glass fiber, ultrasonically stirring for 1h, transferring the solution into a silicon oil bath, heating to 100-105 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 5h, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking, cleaning, centrifuging for 5-8 times, and vacuum drying to obtain the modified glass fiber.
Further, the mass volume ratio of the glass fiber to the acetone is 1g:50 mL; adding 72ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, 20ml of silane coupling agent KH550 and 10ml of deionized water into the silane coupling agent solution, wherein the volume ratio of the silane coupling agent KH550 to the deionized water is 36:10: 5; the mass volume ratio of the acidified glass fiber to the silane coupling agent solution is 2g:40 mL; the volume ratio of the ethanol solution to the silane coupling agent solution is 1: 3.
The bonding degree between the wear-resistant coating and the shell body is improved through sand blasting, the wear-resistant coating needs to be kept stand for 20 hours after being coated on the surface of the shell body, so that air entering the coating during blade coating is discharged as much as possible, and internal holes of the coating after curing are reduced; in order to avoid the phenomenon that the local heating of the coating is unbalanced to generate stress when the curing temperature rises too fast, the coating is cracked to influence the performance of the coating, and the wear-resistant coating is cured by adopting stage-type slow heating to finish the curing of the coating: keeping the temperature at 70 ℃ for 1h (preliminarily removing the water on the surface of the coating), keeping the temperature at 160 ℃ for 2h (completely crosslinking and curing the resin molecular chain), and after curing, slowly cooling the coating and a vacuum drying oven to room temperature in order to avoid uneven shrinkage of the coating and the matrix due to sudden drop of the ambient temperature, so that the bonding strength is reduced and even falls off.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for a high-voltage GIS and a processing technology thereof.
The wear resistance of the shell is improved by modifying and forging ZAlSi7MgA and adding aluminum-silicon alloy to ensure that the mass fraction of silicon in the shell body is 8.5-10.5%, and then rare earth Sc and Al-B refiner are added as modifiers to carry out modification treatment, so that the problem that the aluminum alloy body has larger oxidation and pinhole tendencies in the conventional casting process is solved, the hardness, wear resistance, thermal stability and fatigue resistance of the shell are obviously improved, and the strengthening effect is generated.
By controlling the addition of the rare earth Sc and Al-B, the modifier has good long-acting property and remelting stability on the modification effect of the shell, can eliminate hydrogen and oxygen gas in the shell, greatly reduces the pinhole rate of the shell, greatly reduces the defects of shrinkage porosity, segregation, hot cracking tendency and the like of the shell, and obviously improves the yield; Al-B is selected to replace Al-5Ti-B, so that the stability of the refining effect is improved; B. the rare earth Sc and Al both form an intermetallic compound with a face-centered cubic structure, the lattice constant of the intermetallic compound has a better coherent relation with the lattice constant of alpha-Al, and grains are synergistically refined; by adjusting the addition amount of the modifier, the Fe-rich phase remaining in the shell is changed from a long needle-shaped form to a granular form and a short rod-shaped form, the end part is rounded, and the tendency of the shell to have pinholes is greatly reduced.
The method comprises the steps of coating a wear-resistant layer on the surface of an aluminum alloy shell for the high-pressure GIS, enhancing the wear resistance and the air tightness of the shell, using epoxy resin and water-based polyamide-imide as basic paint, acidifying glass fiber, increasing hydroxyl and carboxyl on the surface, silanizing the surface of the glass fiber, grafting graphene oxide, improving the binding force between the glass fiber and the basic paint, introducing amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide to improve the thermal stability of the wear-resistant layer, adding the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide into the basic paint, enhancing the interaction force between the molybdenum disulfide and the epoxy resin through a chemical bond generated by the reaction of amino and epoxy groups, improving the binding force between the molybdenum disulfide and the water-based polyamide-imide through amination modification, combining the amino with the carboxyl on the surface of the glass fiber, and greatly enhancing the complexity of a molecular network in the wear-resistant layer through the introduction of limited components, the airtightness of the casing is enhanced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that if directional indications such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … … are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain a specific posture, such as a relative positional relationship between components, a motion situation, and the like, and if the specific posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to specific examples, which should be understood that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A processing technology of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for a high-voltage GIS comprises the following steps:
s1: taking ZAlSi7MgA as alloy steel, putting the alloy steel into a high-frequency electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for melting, heating to 725 ℃, adding hexachloroethane and preserving heat for 20min, then heating to 735 ℃, adding a modifier and aluminum-silicon alloy for modification treatment, and preserving heat for 4 min;
the alterant is obtained by compounding an Al-B refiner and rare earth Sc according to the mass ratio of 4: 3; the mass fraction of silicon in the aluminum alloy shell body is 8.5%; the mass fraction of the rare earth Sc in the shell is 0.28 percent; the mass fraction of the Al-B refiner in the shell is 0.37 percent;
s2: transferring the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for non-vacuum die casting when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 675 ℃, so as to obtain an ingot; the preheating temperature of the die is 180 ℃, and the injection speed is 4.5 m/s;
s3: keeping the temperature of the cast ingot at 540 ℃ for 12h, taking out and then cooling in air;
s4: then sequentially polishing, cleaning, blow-drying, pre-straightening, peeling, finely straightening and cutting to obtain an aluminum alloy shell body;
s5: ultrasonically dispersing 0.315g of amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide into N-methyl pyrrolidone, adding 2g of TDE-85 epoxy resin, ultrasonically treating for 1h at 18 ℃, removing a solvent, grinding for 3 times, adding 2g of water-based polyamide imide, 0.105g of modified glass fiber and 1g of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and blending for 10min at a rate of 1800r/min in a vacuum environment by using a planetary vacuum mixer to obtain the wear-resistant coating;
in the step S5, the ratio of [ m (amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide) + m (modified glass fiber) ]/[ m (TDE-85 epoxy resin) + m (water-based polyamide imide) ] is 10.5%;
the preparation method of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide comprises the following steps: amino acid is divided into amino acid A30g and amino acid B5g according to the mass ratio of 6:1, the amino acid A and 100mL of distilled water are mixed and stirred, ultrasonically dispersed, then 2g of molybdenum disulfide is added, the mixture is stirred for 20 hours at 18 ℃, then ultrasonically treated for 10 hours, the mixture is centrifuged for 2 hours at 1400r/min after ultrasonic treatment, supernatant liquid is taken out, then added into the amino acid B, ultrasonically treated for 5 hours, then centrifuged for 1 hour at 10000r/min, the solution is continuously replaced by distilled water until the redundant amino acid in the solution is removed, and the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide is obtained after drying;
the preparation of the modified glass fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) ultrasonically mixing 2g of glass fiber with 100mL of acetone, refluxing for 20h at 70 ℃, then adding 50mL of mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid with the volume ratio of 1:1, reacting for 2h at 90 ℃, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking for 3 times until the pH value of the solution is 6.8, and performing vacuum drying to obtain acidified glass fiber;
(2) preparing a silane coupling agent solution by using 36mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 10mL of silane coupling agent KH550 and 5mL of deionized water, adding 2g of acidified glass fiber into 40mL of the silane coupling agent solution, stirring, then adding 10mL of the ethanol solution, ultrasonically stirring for 25min, transferring into a silicon oil bath, heating to 75 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 3h, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking, cleaning, centrifuging for 5 times, and drying in vacuum to obtain silanized glass fiber;
(3) dispersing 0.1g of graphene oxide into a 120mLN, N-dimethylformamide solution, adding 0.8g of silanized glass fiber, ultrasonically stirring for 1h, transferring into a silicon oil bath, heating to 100 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 5h, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking, cleaning, centrifuging for 5 times, and vacuum drying to obtain modified glass fiber;
s6: and D, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell obtained in the step S4, coating the wear-resistant coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell, standing for 20 hours, preserving heat for 1 hour at 120 ℃, then heating to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and forming a wear-resistant layer to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS.
Example 2
A processing technology of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for a high-voltage GIS comprises the following steps:
s1: taking ZAlSi7MgA as alloy steel, putting the alloy steel into a high-frequency electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for melting, heating to 725 ℃, adding hexachloroethane and preserving heat for 22min, then heating to 740 ℃, adding an alterant and an aluminum-silicon alloy for modification treatment, and preserving heat for 5 min;
the alterant is obtained by compounding an Al-B refiner and rare earth Sc according to the mass ratio of 4: 3; the mass fraction of silicon in the aluminum alloy shell body is 9%; the mass fraction of the rare earth Sc in the shell is 0.29%; the mass fraction of the Al-B refiner in the shell is 0.39%;
s2: transferring the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for non-vacuum die casting when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 680 ℃ to obtain an ingot; the preheating temperature of the die is 180 ℃, and the injection speed is 5 m/s;
s3: keeping the temperature of the cast ingot at 542 ℃ for 12h, taking out and then cooling in air;
s4: then sequentially carrying out polishing, cleaning, blow-drying, pre-straightening, peeling, fine-straightening and cutting to obtain an aluminum alloy shell body;
s5: ultrasonically dispersing 0.33g of amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide into N-methyl pyrrolidone, adding 2g of TDE-85 epoxy resin, ultrasonically treating at 20 ℃ for 1.2h, removing a solvent, grinding for 4 times, adding 2g of water-based polyamide-imide, 0.11g of modified glass fiber and 1g of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and blending for 12min at a speed of 1850r/min in a vacuum environment by using a planetary vacuum mixer to obtain the wear-resistant coating;
in the step S5, the ratio of [ m (amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide) + m (modified glass fiber) ] to [ m (TDE-85 epoxy resin) + m (water-based polyamideimide) ] is 11%;
the preparation method of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide comprises the following steps: amino acid is divided into amino acid A30g and amino acid B5g according to the mass ratio of 6:1, the amino acid A and 100mL of distilled water are mixed and stirred, ultrasonically dispersed, then 2g of molybdenum disulfide is added, the mixture is stirred for 20 hours at 20 ℃, then ultrasonically treated for 10 hours, centrifuged for 1.5 hours at 1425r/min after ultrasonic treatment, the supernatant is taken out, then added into the amino acid B, ultrasonically treated for 5 hours, centrifuged for 1 hour at 10000r/min, and distilled water is continuously used for replacing the solution until the redundant amino acid in the solution is removed, and the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide is obtained after drying;
the preparation of the modified glass fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) ultrasonically mixing 2g of glass fiber with 100mL of acetone, refluxing for 21h at 70 ℃, then adding 50mL of mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid with the volume ratio of 1:1, reacting for 1.8h at 90-98 ℃, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, oscillating for 4 times until the pH value of the solution is 7, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain acidified glass fiber;
(2) preparing a silane coupling agent solution by using 36mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 10mL of silane coupling agent KH550 and 5mL of deionized water, adding 2g of acidified glass fiber into 40mL of the silane coupling agent solution, stirring, then adding 10mL of the ethanol solution, ultrasonically stirring for 28min, transferring into a silicon oil bath, heating to 76 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 3h, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking, cleaning, centrifuging for 7 times, and drying in vacuum to obtain the silanized glass fiber;
(3) dispersing 0.1g of graphene oxide into a 120mLN, N-dimethylformamide solution, adding 0.8g of silanized glass fiber, ultrasonically stirring for 1h, transferring into a silicon oil bath, heating to 102 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 5h, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking, cleaning, centrifuging for 7 times, and vacuum drying to obtain modified glass fiber;
s6: and D, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell obtained in the step S4, coating the wear-resistant coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell, standing for 20 hours, keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, then heating to 160 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 2 hours to form a wear-resistant layer, and thus obtaining the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS.
Example 3
A processing technology of a wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for a high-voltage GIS comprises the following steps:
s1: taking ZAlSi7MgA as alloy steel, putting the alloy steel into a high-frequency electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for melting, heating to 725 ℃, adding hexachloroethane and preserving heat for 25min, then heating to 745 ℃, adding an alterant and an aluminum-silicon alloy for modification treatment, and preserving heat for 7 min;
the alterant is obtained by compounding an Al-B refiner and rare earth Sc according to the mass ratio of 4: 3; the mass fraction of silicon in the aluminum alloy shell body is 10.5%; the mass fraction of the rare earth Sc in the shell is 0.3%; the mass fraction of the Al-B refiner in the shell is 0.4 percent;
s2: when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 685 ℃, transferring the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for non-vacuum die casting to obtain an ingot; the preheating temperature of the die is 180 ℃, and the injection speed is 6 m/s;
s3: keeping the temperature of the cast ingot at 545 ℃ for 12h, taking out and then cooling in air;
s4: then sequentially polishing, cleaning, blow-drying, pre-straightening, peeling, finely straightening and cutting to obtain an aluminum alloy shell body;
s5: ultrasonically dispersing 0.375g of amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide into N-methyl pyrrolidone, adding 2g of TDE-85 epoxy resin, performing ultrasonic treatment at 25 ℃ for 1.5h, removing a solvent, grinding for 5 times, adding 2g of water-based polyamide imide, 0.125g of modified glass fiber and 1g of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and blending for 15min at a speed of 1900r/min in a vacuum environment by using a planetary vacuum mixer to obtain the wear-resistant coating;
in the step S5, the ratio of [ m (amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide) + m (modified glass fiber) ] to [ m (TDE-85 epoxy resin) + m (water-based polyamideimide) ] is 12.5%;
the preparation method of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide comprises the following steps: amino acid is divided into amino acid A30g and amino acid B5g according to the mass ratio of 6:1, the amino acid A and 100mL of distilled water are mixed and stirred, ultrasonically dispersed, then 2g of molybdenum disulfide is added, the mixture is stirred for 20 hours at 25 ℃, then ultrasonically treated for 10 hours, the mixture is centrifuged for 1 to 2 hours at 1450r/min after ultrasonic treatment, the supernatant is taken out, then the mixture is added into the amino acid B, ultrasonically treated for 5 hours, then centrifuged for 1 hour at 10000r/min, the solution is continuously replaced by distilled water until the redundant amino acid in the solution is removed, and the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide is obtained after drying;
the preparation of the modified glass fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) ultrasonically mixing 2g of glass fiber with 100mL of acetone, refluxing for 22h at 70 ℃, then adding 50mL of mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid with the volume ratio of 1:1, reacting for 1.5h at 98 ℃, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking for 5 times until the pH value of the solution is 7.2, and drying in vacuum to obtain acidified glass fiber;
(2) preparing a silane coupling agent solution by using 36mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 10mL of silane coupling agent KH550 and 5mL of deionized water, adding 2g of acidified glass fiber into 40mL of silane coupling agent solution, stirring, then adding 10mL of ethanol solution, ultrasonically stirring for 30min, transferring into a silicon oil bath, heating to 78 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 3h, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, oscillating, cleaning, centrifuging for 8 times, and vacuum drying to obtain silanized glass fiber;
(3) dispersing 0.1g of graphene oxide into a 120mLN, N-dimethylformamide solution, adding 0.8g of silanized glass fiber, ultrasonically stirring for 1h, transferring into a silicon oil bath, heating to 105 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 5h, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking, cleaning, centrifuging for 8 times, and vacuum drying to obtain the modified glass fiber;
s6: and D, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell obtained in the step S4, coating the wear-resistant coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell, standing for 20 hours, preserving heat for 1 hour at 120 ℃, then heating to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and forming a wear-resistant layer to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS.
Comparative example 1
By taking the example 2 as a control group, the mass fraction of silicon in the aluminum alloy shell body is 8%, and other procedures are normal.
Comparative example 2
By taking the example 2 as a control group, the mass fraction of silicon in the aluminum alloy shell body is 11%, and other procedures are normal.
Comparative example 3
By taking the example 2 as a control group, the mass fraction of the rare earth Sc in the shell is 0.32%, the mass fraction of the Al-B refiner in the shell is 0.43%, and other procedures are normal.
Comparative example 4
By taking the example 2 as a control group, the mass fraction of the rare earth Sc in the shell is 0.3%, the mass fraction of the Al-B refiner in the shell is 0.43%, and other procedures are normal.
Comparative example 5
With example 2 as a control, the ratio of [ m (amino acid-modified molybdenum disulfide) + m (modified glass fiber) ]/[ m (TDE-85 epoxy resin) + m (aqueous polyamideimide) ] in step S5 was 8%, and the other steps were normal.
Comparative example 6
With example 2 as a control, the ratio of [ m (amino acid-modified molybdenum disulfide) + m (modified glass fiber) ]/[ m (TDE-85 epoxy resin) + m (aqueous polyamideimide) ] in step S5 was 11%, and the other steps were normal.
Comparative example 7
Taking example 2 as a control group, the mass ratio of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide to the modified glass fiber was not 3:1, the mass ratio of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide was 0.33g, the mass ratio of the modified glass fiber was 0.15g, and other processes were normal.
Comparative example 8
And a wear-resistant layer is not prepared, and other working procedures are normal.
Comparative example 9
After the wear-resistant layer is prepared, the wear-resistant layer is not stood for 20 hours and then is heated and cured, and other working procedures are normal.
And (3) performance testing:
the hardness of the shells prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 9 was measured with reference to GB/T231.1 to 2018;
the friction rate is obtained by testing an MFT-5000 type friction wear testing machine, the motion mode is a reciprocating mode, a silicon nitride ceramic ball with the diameter of 9.5mm is adopted to grind the surface of the shell during the reciprocating motion, and the parameters are as follows: the load is 10N, the frequency is 1Hz, the reciprocating distance is 10mm, and the testing time is 20 min; after the completion, the shell is placed into acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 5min, and the surface is wiped by absorbent cotton to remove the residue of abrasive dust on the surface; observing the appearance of the grinding mark on the surface of the shell by using an MFP-D three-dimensional topographer (white light interference), and calculating the wear rate (W) of the wear-resistant layer, wherein the formula is that W is V/(F.L), and V is the wear volume (mm)3) F is normal load (N), and L is the total reciprocating motion length (m) of the ceramic ball; the results obtained are shown in table 1;
| hardness (HBW) | Wear rate (10)-4mm3/Nm) | |
| Example 1 | 110 | 0.42 |
| Example 2 | 115 | 0.38 |
| Example 3 | 113 | 0.41 |
| Comparative example 1 | 102 | 0.56 |
| Comparative example 2 | 105 | 0.55 |
| Comparative example 3 | 104 | 0.53 |
| Comparative example 4 | 106 | 0.50 |
| Comparative example 5 | 105 | 0.61 |
| Comparative example 6 | 103 | 0.62 |
| Comparative example 7 | 102 | 0.69 |
| Comparative example 8 | 95 | 0.78 |
| Comparative example 9 | 108 | 0.60 |
TABLE 1
As can be seen by comparing example 2 with comparative examples 1 and 2, the wear resistance of the case is improved by limiting the mass fraction of silicon in the case body to 8.5 to 10.5%.
Comparing the embodiment 2 with the comparative examples 3 and 4, the rare earth Sc and Al-B refiner are added as the modifier for modification treatment, and the modification effect of the modifier on the shell has good long-acting property and remelting stability by controlling the addition of the rare earth Sc and Al-B, so that hydrogen and oxygen gas in the shell can be removed, the pinhole rate of the shell is greatly reduced, the defects of shrinkage porosity, segregation, hot cracking tendency and the like of the shell are greatly reduced, and the yield is obviously improved; Al-B is selected to replace Al-5Ti-B, so that the stability of the refining effect is improved; B. the rare earth Sc and Al both form an intermetallic compound with a face-centered cubic structure, and the lattice constant of the intermetallic compound has a better coherent relation with the lattice constant of alpha-Al, so that grains are synergistically refined; by adjusting the addition amount of the modifier, the residual Fe-rich phase in the shell is changed into a granular shape and a short rod shape from a long needle shape, the end part is round and smooth, the tendency of the needle hole of the shell is greatly reduced, the hardness and the wear resistance of the shell are obviously improved, and the strengthening effect is generated;
comparing the example 2 with the comparative examples 5, 6, 7 and 8, it can be seen that a wear-resistant layer is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell for the high-pressure GIS by coating, the wear resistance and the air tightness of the shell are enhanced, epoxy resin and water-based polyamide imide are used as basic coating, the hydroxyl and carboxyl on the surface of the glass fiber are increased after acidification, graphene oxide grafting is carried out after the surface of the glass fiber is silanized, the bonding force between the glass fiber and the basic coating is improved, the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide is introduced to improve the thermal stability of the wear-resistant layer, the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide is added into the basic coating, the chemical bond generated by the reaction of amino and epoxy groups enhances the interaction force between the molybdenum disulfide and the epoxy resin, the bonding force between the molybdenum disulfide and the water-based polyamide imide is improved by amination modification, and the amino is combined with the carboxyl on the surface of the glass fiber, by introducing the limited components, the complexity of the molecular network in the wear-resistant layer is greatly enhanced, and the air tightness of the shell is enhanced.
Comparing example 2 with comparative example 9, it can be seen that the coating needs to be left standing for 20 hours after being coated on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate, so that air entering the coating during blade coating can be discharged as much as possible, and the internal holes of the coating after curing can be reduced. In order to avoid the phenomenon that the local heating of the coating is unbalanced to generate stress when the curing temperature rises too fast, so that the coating cracks to influence the performance of the coating, the coating is cured by adopting stage-type slow heating and adopting the following temperature rising mode to finish the curing of the coating: keeping the temperature at 70 ℃ for 1h (preliminarily removing the water on the surface of the coating), keeping the temperature at 160 ℃ for 2h (completely crosslinking and curing the resin molecular chain), and after curing, slowly cooling the coating and a vacuum drying oven to room temperature in order to avoid uneven shrinkage of the coating and the matrix due to sudden drop of the ambient temperature, so that the bonding strength is reduced and even falls off.
In conclusion, the aluminum alloy shell for the high-pressure GIS, which is good in wear resistance and high in air tightness, is prepared, and has a good application prospect.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the present specification and directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The processing technology of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: taking ZAlSi7MgA as alloy steel, putting the alloy steel into a high-frequency electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for melting, heating to 725 ℃, adding hexachloroethane, preserving heat for 20-25min, then heating to 735-;
s2: when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 675-685 ℃, transferring the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for non-vacuum die casting to obtain an ingot;
s3: keeping the temperature of the cast ingot at 540-;
s4: then sequentially carrying out polishing, cleaning, blow-drying, pre-straightening, peeling, fine-straightening and cutting to obtain an aluminum alloy shell body;
s5: ultrasonically dispersing amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide into N-methyl pyrrolidone, adding TDE-85 epoxy resin, ultrasonically treating for 1-1.5h at 18-25 ℃, removing a solvent, grinding for 3-5 times, adding water-based polyamide imide, modified glass fiber and methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and blending for 10-15min at the speed of 1800-1900r/min in a vacuum environment by using a vacuum mixer to obtain the wear-resistant coating;
s6: and D, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell body obtained in the step S4, coating the wear-resistant coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy shell body, standing for 20 hours, preserving heat for 1 hour at 120 ℃, then heating to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and forming a wear-resistant layer to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-pressure GIS.
2. The processing technology of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the modifier is obtained by compounding an Al-B refiner and rare earth Sc according to a mass ratio of 4: 3; the mass fraction of silicon in the aluminum alloy shell body is 8.5-10.5%; the mass fraction of the rare earth Sc in the shell body is 0.28-0.3%.
3. The processing technology of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the die in step S2 is 180 ℃, and the injection speed is 4.5-6 m/S.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the sum of the masses of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide and the modified glass fiber in step S5 is M1, the sum of the masses of the TDE-85 epoxy resin and the water-based polyamide imide is M2, and the mass ratio of M1 to M2 is 10.5-12.5%.
5. The processing technology of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the mass ratio of the TDE-85 epoxy resin to the aqueous polyamide imide to the methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride is 2:2: 1; the mass ratio of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide to the modified glass fiber is 3: 1.
6. The processing technology of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide comprises the following steps: dividing amino acid into amino acid A and amino acid B according to the mass ratio of 6:1, mixing and stirring the amino acid A and distilled water, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding molybdenum disulfide, stirring the amino acid A and the molybdenum disulfide at the mass ratio of 15:1 at 18-25 ℃ for 20h, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10h, centrifuging the mixture for 1-2h at 1450r/min after ultrasonic treatment, taking out supernatant, adding the supernatant into the amino acid B, performing ultrasonic treatment for 5h, centrifuging the mixture for 1h at 10000r/min, continuously replacing the solution with distilled water until the redundant amino acid in the solution is removed, and drying the solution to obtain the amino acid modified molybdenum disulfide.
7. The processing technology of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the modified glass fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) ultrasonically mixing glass fiber and acetone, refluxing for 20-22h at 70 ℃, then adding a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid with the volume ratio of 1:1, reacting for 1.5-2h at 90-98 ℃, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking for 3-5 times until the pH value of the solution is 6.8-7.2, and vacuum drying to obtain acidified glass fiber;
(2) preparing a silane coupling agent solution by using absolute ethyl alcohol, a silane coupling agent KH550 and deionized water, adding the acidified glass fibers into the silane coupling agent solution, stirring, then adding the ethanol solution, ultrasonically stirring for 25-30min, transferring into a silicon oil bath, heating to 75-78 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 3h, centrifuging, adding the deionized water and the absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking, cleaning, centrifuging for 5-8 times, and vacuum drying to obtain the silanized glass fibers;
(3) dispersing graphene oxide into an N, N-dimethylformamide solution, adding silanized glass fiber, ultrasonically stirring for 1h, transferring the solution into a silicon oil bath, heating to 100-105 ℃, stirring and refluxing for 5h, centrifuging, adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, shaking, cleaning, centrifuging for 5-8 times, and vacuum drying to obtain the modified glass fiber.
8. The processing technology of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS according to claim 7, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the glass fiber to the acetone is 1g:50 mL; the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the silane coupling agent KH550 to the deionized water in the silane coupling agent solution is 36:10: 5; the mass volume ratio of the acidified glass fiber to the silane coupling agent solution is 2g:40 mL; the volume ratio of the ethanol solution to the silane coupling agent solution is 1: 3.
9. The processing technology of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for the high-voltage GIS according to claim 7, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the graphene oxide to the silanized glass fiber to the N, N-dimethylformamide solution is 0.1g:0.8g:120 mL.
10. A wear-resistant aluminum alloy shell for high-voltage GIS, characterized by being processed by the processing technology of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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