CN114551921B - Flow field structure of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Flow field structure of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN114551921B CN114551921B CN202011359220.5A CN202011359220A CN114551921B CN 114551921 B CN114551921 B CN 114551921B CN 202011359220 A CN202011359220 A CN 202011359220A CN 114551921 B CN114551921 B CN 114551921B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flow field structure of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The flow field structure mainly comprises flow field inlets, inlet distribution flow channels, parallel sub-flow channels, redistribution flow channels, outlet collecting flow channels and flow field outlets, wherein the inlet distribution flow channels and the outlet collecting flow channels are distributed in a central symmetry mode, the inlet distribution flow channels are formed by longitudinal flow channels and transverse flow channels, the width of the flow channels gradually increases from edge flow channels to inner flow channels, the positions of ridge parts of two adjacent longitudinal flow channels are sequentially provided with lattice, the lattice of ridge parts of the adjacent flow channels is distributed in a staggered mode, each inlet distribution flow channel is branched into 3, 4 or 5 parallel sub-flow channels, and a parallelogram redistribution flow channel lattice is arranged in the middle of each sub-flow channel. The flow field disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and easy to prepare, and can ensure transverse mixing of the flow channel gases and uniform distribution of the gases in each flow channel, so that the fuel is fully utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a flow field structure of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
Due to climate change and fossil energy crisis, research and development of clean energy is vital in the next decades. Fuel cells are receiving more and more attention as one of important clean energy sources, wherein, the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, and has the advantages of strong CO tolerance, high electrode reaction rate and simple water thermal management. In order to meet the requirements of high-power fuel cells, the area of each fuel cell unit is required to be increased, but the large-area fuel cells face the problem of uneven gas distribution. The flow field structure is used as an important component for distributing gas of the fuel cell, uniform gas distribution is beneficial to reducing dead zones, hot spots and other problems, and has important significance for improving the performance and durability of the cell.
The fuel cell flow field is approximately developed through dot-shaped, parallel, snake-shaped, interdigital, bionic, 3D flow field and the like, and the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell greatly reduces the complexity of flow field design because the water management problem is not needed to be considered, wherein the parallel flow field is widely used in the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell because of lower pressure drop and simple structure. However, the parallel flow field has the problem of uneven gas distribution of each flow channel, most of researches in the prior art realize uniform gas distribution by changing the shape or the geometric dimension of the main flow channel, but the method is mainly aimed at a fuel cell with a small area, and has no obvious effect on a large-area flow field adopted by a high-power electric pile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides the following technical scheme for solving the problem of uneven gas distribution of a large-area parallel flow field of a high-power electric pile.
The flow field comprises a flow field inlet, an inlet distribution flow channel, parallel sub-flow channels, a middle redistribution flow channel, an outlet collection flow channel and a flow field outlet, wherein the inlet distribution flow channel and the outlet collection flow channel are distributed in a central symmetry mode, the inlet distribution flow channel consists of a longitudinal flow channel and a transverse flow channel, in order to guide gas near the flow field inlet and the outlet to migrate from the flow channel with small resistance to the flow channel with large resistance, the distribution capacity of the sub-flow channels is improved, the positions of the ridge parts of the adjacent two longitudinal flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channel are sequentially provided with lattice, the lattice of the ridge parts of the adjacent flow channels are distributed in a staggered mode, the inlet gas is guided to be uniformly distributed, meanwhile, each inlet distribution flow channel is branched into 3, 4 or 5 parallel sub-flow channels, the distribution difference of each flow channel is further reduced, the gas distribution uniformity is promoted, and the lattice of the parallelogram redistribution flow channels is arranged in the middle of the sub-flow channels.
Further, in order to reduce the air inflow of the sub-runner with small resistance, the air inflow of the sub-runner with large resistance is increased, and the uniform gas distribution of each runner is promoted, the width of the longitudinal runner of the inlet distribution runner is gradually increased from the edge runner to the inner side runner, the gradient increasing range is 0.05-0.20 mm, and the ratio of the maximum value of the longitudinal runner width to the inlet width of the flow field is 0.05-0.25.
Further, the included angle between the connecting line of the corner points of the transverse flow channels and the longitudinal flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channels is 30-60 degrees.
Furthermore, the lattice length of the transverse flow channel of the inlet distribution flow channel and the distance between the two lattices are the same as the lattice length and the distance between the two lattices of the sub-flow channel redistribution areas.
Further, the center point of the lattice of the redistribution flow channels with the parallelograms is arranged in the middle of the sub flow channels and is positioned at the center point of the flow field.
Further, the included angle between the long side of the redistribution flow channel and the sub-flow channel is 60-90 degrees, and the ratio of the length of the short side of the redistribution flow channel to the total length of the flow field is 0.1-0.25.
Further, the ratio of the width of the flow field inlet to the total width of the flow field is in the range of 0.20-0.35.
Further, the widths of the sub-flow channels are 0.5-1.5 mm, the widths of the ridge parts are 0.5-1.5 mm,
further, the width of the transverse flow channel and the width of the longitudinal flow channel of the inlet distribution flow channel are kept consistent.
Further, the number of the inlet distribution flow channels and the outlet collection flow channels ranges from 3 to 20, and the number of the flow field sub-flow channels ranges from 9 to 100.
Further, the depth of the flow channels is 0.5-1 mm.
Further, the flow field structure is applied to the aspect of preparing fuel cells.
Further, the fuel cell is a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the flow field structure ensures the transverse mixing of the flow channel gases and the uniform distribution of the gases in each flow channel, and the gases can be fully contacted, so that the fuel is fully utilized.
2. The flow field disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, easy to prepare and beneficial to large-scale production and application.
3. The flow field structure of the invention has the advantage of reducing the parallel flow field pressure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings to which the embodiments relate will be briefly described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flow field configuration according to the present invention; in the figure, 1 is a flow field inlet, 2 is an inlet distribution flow channel, 3 is a middle redistribution flow channel, 4 is an outlet collecting flow channel, 5 is a flow field outlet, and 6 is a sub flow channel;
FIG. 2 shows velocity profile results at two-thirds the cross-sectional length of the flow field of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the parallel flow field configuration of comparative example 1; in the figure, 1 is a flow field inlet, 2 is an inlet main runner, 3 is a sub runner, 4 is an outlet main runner, and 5 is a flow field outlet;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the velocity profile at two-thirds the cross-sectional length of the flow field of comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow field structure of comparative example 2; in the figure, 1 is a flow field inlet, 2 is an inlet distribution flow channel, 3 is an outlet collecting flow channel, 4 is a flow field outlet, and 5 is a sub flow channel;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the velocity profile at two-thirds the cross-sectional length of the flow field of comparative example 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the flow field structure of comparative example 3; in the figure, 1 is a flow field inlet, 2 is an inlet distribution runner without a lattice, 3 is a middle 'redistribution' runner, 4 is an outlet collecting runner without a lattice, 5 is a flow field outlet, and 6 is a sub runner;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the velocity profile at the two-thirds cross-sectional position of the flow field length of comparative example 3;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is provided in connection with examples, but the implementation of the invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that the examples described below are only some examples of the invention, and that it is within the scope of protection of the invention to those skilled in the art to obtain other similar examples without inventive faculty.
Example 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, the flow field comprises a flow field inlet, 11 inlet distribution flow channels, 33 linearly parallel sub-flow channels, middle redistribution flow channels, 11 outlet collecting flow channels and a flow field outlet, wherein the ratio of the width of the flow field inlet to the total width of the flow field is 0.28, the inlet distribution flow channels and the outlet collecting flow channels are distributed in a central symmetry mode, the inlet distribution flow channels are formed by longitudinal flow channels and transverse flow channels, the depth of the flow channels is 0.5mm, the width of the longitudinal flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channels is increased from 0.85mm to 1.85mm from the edge flow channels to the inner flow channels, the increasing gradient is 0.1mm, the ratio of the maximum width of the longitudinal flow channels to the width of the flow field inlet is 0.07, the ridge positions of two adjacent longitudinal flow channels are sequentially perforated into a lattice, the lattice of the ridge positions of the adjacent flow channels are staggered, the inlet gas is uniformly distributed, the transverse flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channels and the longitudinal flow channels are kept consistent, each inlet distribution flow channel is branched into 3 sub-flow channels, the sub-flow channels are 1.35mm, the included angle between the corner connecting points of the transverse flow channels and the longitudinal flow channels is 47 degrees, the maximum ratio of the flow channels of the distribution flow channels is 0.77, and the total length of the lattice length of the flow channels is between the distribution flow channels of the adjacent flow channels and the adjacent flow channels is between the lattice length of the adjacent flow channels.
The distribution of gas in the flow field is simulated by using a Navier-Stokes equation, and the speed distribution result at the position of the two-thirds section of the length of the flow field is shown in fig. 2, and the result shows that the speed difference of the gas in each flow channel is not large, which indicates that the flow field has strong capability of uniformly distributing the gas and uniform gas distribution.
Comparative example 1:
as shown in fig. 3, the parallel flow field structure includes a flow field inlet, an inlet main flow channel, 33 linearly parallel sub flow channels, an outlet main flow channel and a flow field outlet, and the depth, the inlet and outlet width and the sub flow channel width of the parallel flow field flow channel are consistent with those of the flow field structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The distribution of gas in the parallel flow field is simulated by using a Navier-Stokes equation, and the speed distribution result at the position of two thirds of the section of the length of the flow field is shown in fig. 4, and the result shows that the whole body has the trend of large edge flow channel speed and small middle flow channel speed, which indicates that the parallel flow field has poor capability of uniformly distributing gas and nonuniform gas distribution.
Comparative example 2:
as shown in fig. 5, the flow field structure includes a flow field inlet, 11 inlet distribution channels with lattice, 33 linearly parallel sub-channels, 11 outlet collecting channels and a flow field outlet, and the flow field depth, the inlet-outlet width, the sub-channel width and the arrangement of the inlet distribution channels and the outlet collecting channels are all consistent with the flow field structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The distribution of gas in parallel flow fields is simulated by a Navie-Stokes equation, and the speed distribution results at the position of two thirds of the length of the flow fields are shown in fig. 6, wherein the results show that the speeds of the flow channels are relatively uniform, the speeds of the edge flow channels are still small, the speeds of the middle flow channels are large, the speeds of the first flow channels are large in difference, and the flow fields are better in uniform distribution capacity of the gas, and the situation of uneven local distribution still exists.
Comparative example 3:
as shown in fig. 7, the flow field comprises a flow field inlet, 11 inlet distribution flow channels without lattice, 33 linearly parallel sub-flow channels, a middle redistribution flow channel, 11 outlet collecting flow channels without lattice and a flow field outlet, and the arrangement of the flow field flow channel depth, the inlet and outlet width, the sub-flow channel width and the middle redistribution flow channel is consistent with the flow field structure of the embodiment 1 of the invention.
The distribution of gas in parallel flow fields is simulated by a Navie-Stokes equation, and the speed distribution results at the position of two thirds of the length of the flow fields are shown in fig. 8, wherein the results show that the speeds of all flow channels are relatively uniform, but the flow channels still have the trend of small edge flow channel speeds and large middle flow channel speeds, and the difference of the speeds of part flow channels is large, so that the capability of the flow fields for uniformly distributing the gas is relatively poor.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The flow field structure of the fuel cell polar plate is characterized by comprising a flow field inlet, an inlet distribution flow channel, parallel sub-flow channels, a redistribution flow channel, an outlet collecting flow channel and a flow field outlet, wherein the inlet distribution flow channel and the outlet collecting flow channel are distributed in a central symmetry manner, the inlet distribution flow channel consists of a longitudinal flow channel and a transverse flow channel, the positions of the ridge parts of two adjacent longitudinal flow channels are sequentially provided with lattice, the lattice of the ridge parts of the adjacent flow channels is distributed in a staggered manner, each inlet distribution flow channel is branched into 3, 4 or 5 parallel sub-flow channels, and the middle part of each sub-flow channel is provided with a parallelogram redistribution flow channel lattice;
the width of the longitudinal flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channels gradually increases from the edge flow channels to the inner side flow channels, the gradient increasing range is 0.05-0.20 mm, and the ratio of the maximum value of the longitudinal flow channel width to the width of the flow field inlet is 0.05-0.25;
the included angle between the connecting line of the corner points of the transverse flow channels and the longitudinal flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channels is 30-60 degrees;
the lattice length of the transverse flow channel of the inlet distribution flow channel and the distance between the two lattices are the same as the lattice length and the distance between the two lattices of the redistribution flow channels in the middle of the sub flow channels;
the included angle between the long side of the redistribution flow channel and the sub-flow channel is 60-90 degrees, and the ratio of the length of the short side of the redistribution flow channel to the total length of the flow field is 0.1-0.25.
2. The flow field structure according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the width of the flow field inlet to the total width of the flow field is in the range of 0.20 to 0.35.
3. The flow field structure according to claim 2, wherein the sub-flow channels each have a width of 0.5 to 1.5mm and the ridge widths each have a width of 0.5 to 1.5mm.
4. A flow field structure according to claim 3, wherein the number of inlet distribution channels and outlet collection channels is in the range of 3 to 20 and the number of sub-channels is in the range of 9 to 100.
5. Use of the flow field structure of claims 1-4 for the preparation of a fuel cell.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the fuel cell is a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011359220.5A CN114551921B (en) | 2020-11-26 | 2020-11-26 | Flow field structure of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011359220.5A CN114551921B (en) | 2020-11-26 | 2020-11-26 | Flow field structure of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN114551921A CN114551921A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
| CN114551921B true CN114551921B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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| CN116770336B (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-12-26 | 清华大学 | Bipolar plate and proton exchange film electrolytic tank |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN208908238U (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-05-28 | 南京攀峰赛奥能源科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel battery double plates |
| CN111029611A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-17 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Flow field plate and fuel cell |
| CN111370726A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 山东建筑大学 | Radial flow field structure of fuel cell |
| CN111668506A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | Novel metal bipolar plate of hydrogen fuel cell |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060210855A1 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | David Frank | Flow field plate arrangement |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN208908238U (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-05-28 | 南京攀峰赛奥能源科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel battery double plates |
| CN111029611A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-17 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Flow field plate and fuel cell |
| CN111370726A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 山东建筑大学 | Radial flow field structure of fuel cell |
| CN111668506A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | Novel metal bipolar plate of hydrogen fuel cell |
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