CN114551921A - High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field structure - Google Patents
High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114551921A CN114551921A CN202011359220.5A CN202011359220A CN114551921A CN 114551921 A CN114551921 A CN 114551921A CN 202011359220 A CN202011359220 A CN 202011359220A CN 114551921 A CN114551921 A CN 114551921A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flow field structure of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells. The flow field structure mainly comprises a flow field inlet, inlet distribution flow channels, parallel sub-flow channels, redistribution flow channels, an outlet collection flow channel and a flow field outlet, wherein the inlet distribution flow channels and the outlet collection flow channel are distributed in central symmetry, the inlet distribution flow channels are composed of longitudinal flow channels and transverse flow channels, the width of each flow channel is gradually increased from edge flow channels to inner flow channels in a gradient manner, the ridge parts of two adjacent longitudinal flow channels are sequentially provided with a dot matrix, the dot matrixes of the ridge parts of the adjacent flow channels are distributed in a staggered manner, each inlet distribution flow channel is branched into 3, 4 or 5 parallel sub-flow channels, and the middle parts of the sub-flow channels are provided with parallelogram redistribution flow channel dot matrixes. The flow field has simple structure and easy preparation, and can ensure transverse mixing of gas in the flow channels and uniform distribution of gas in each flow channel, so that the fuel is more fully utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a flow field structure of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
Due to climate change and fossil energy crisis, research and development of clean energy is crucial in the next decades. Fuel cells are receiving more and more attention as one of important clean energy sources, wherein a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, and has the advantages of strong CO tolerance, high electrode reaction rate and simple hydrothermal management. In order to meet the requirement of high-power fuel cells, the area of a single fuel cell is necessarily required to be increased, but the large-area fuel cell faces the problem of uneven gas distribution. The flow field structure is used as an important component for distributing gas of the fuel cell, and uniform gas distribution is beneficial to reducing problems of dead zones, hot spots and the like, and has important significance for improving the performance and the durability of the cell.
The fuel cell flow field is approximately subjected to the development processes of point-like, parallel, snake-like, interdigital, bionic, 3D flow field and the like, and the complexity of the flow field design is greatly reduced because the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell does not need to consider the problem of water management, wherein the parallel flow field is widely used in the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell because of lower pressure drop and simple structure. However, the parallel flow field has the problem of uneven gas distribution of each flow channel, most researches in the prior art realize uniform gas distribution by changing the shape or the geometric dimension of the main flow channel, but the method mainly aims at a small-area fuel cell, and the effect is not obvious for a large-area flow field adopted by a high-power electric pile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides the following technical scheme for solving the problem of uneven gas distribution of a large-area parallel flow field of a high-power electric pile.
The flow field of the invention comprises a flow field inlet, an inlet distribution flow channel, parallel sub-flow channels, a middle redistribution flow channel, an outlet collection flow channel and a flow field outlet, wherein the inlet distribution flow channel and the outlet collection flow channel are distributed in central symmetry, the inlet distribution flow channel is composed of a longitudinal flow channel and a transverse flow channel, in order to guide the gas near the inlet and the outlet of the flow field to migrate from the flow channel with small resistance to the flow channel with large resistance and improve the distribution capability of the sub-flow channels, the ridge parts of two adjacent longitudinal flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channel are sequentially provided with holes as dot matrixes, the dot matrixes of the ridge parts of the adjacent flow channels are distributed in a staggered way to guide the inlet gas to be distributed uniformly, meanwhile, each inlet distribution runner is branched into 3, 4 or 5 parallel sub-runners, and in order to further reduce distribution difference of each runner and promote uniform gas distribution, a parallelogram redistribution runner dot matrix is arranged in the middle of each sub-runner.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the air inflow of the sub-flow channels with small resistance, increase the air inflow of the sub-flow channels with large resistance and promote the uniform distribution of the gas of each flow channel, the width of the longitudinal flow channel of the inlet distribution flow channel gradually increases from the edge flow channel to the inner flow channel, the gradient increasing range is 0.05-0.20 mm, and the ratio of the maximum value of the width of the longitudinal flow channel to the width of the flow field inlet is 0.05-0.25.
Furthermore, the included angle between the connecting line of the corner points of the transverse runners of the inlet distribution runner and the longitudinal runner is 30-60 degrees.
Furthermore, the length of the dot matrix of the transverse flow channel of the inlet distribution flow channel and the distance between the two dot matrixes are the same as the length and the distance of the dot matrix of the redistribution area of the sub-flow channel.
Furthermore, the central point of the parallelogram redistribution runner dot matrix arranged in the middle of the sub-runner is positioned at the central point of the flow field.
Furthermore, the included angle between the long side of the redistribution flow channel and the sub-flow channel is 60-90 degrees, and the ratio range of the length of the short side of the redistribution flow channel to the total length of the flow field is 0.1-0.25.
Furthermore, the ratio of the width of the flow field inlet to the total width of the flow field is 0.20-0.35.
Furthermore, the widths of the sub-channels are all 0.5-1.5 mm, the widths of the ridges are all 0.5-1.5 mm,
further, the width of the transverse flow channel and the width of the longitudinal flow channel of the inlet distribution flow channel are kept consistent.
Furthermore, the number range of the inlet distribution flow channels and the outlet collection flow channels is 3-20, and the number range of the flow field sub-flow channels is 9-100.
Furthermore, the depth of each flow channel is 0.5-1 mm.
Further, the flow field structure is applied to the preparation of fuel cells.
Further, the fuel cell is a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the flow field structure ensures that the gas in the flow channels is transversely mixed and uniformly distributed, and the gas can be fully contacted, so that the fuel is more fully utilized.
2. The flow field has simple structure and easy preparation, and is beneficial to large-scale production and application.
3. The flow field structure provided by the invention has the advantage of low pressure drop of the parallel flow field.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings to which the embodiments relate will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flow field configuration according to the present invention; in the figure, 1 is a flow field inlet, 2 is an inlet distribution flow channel, 3 is a middle redistribution flow channel, 4 is an outlet collection flow channel, 5 is a flow field outlet, and 6 is a sub-flow channel;
FIG. 2 results of velocity distribution at two-thirds cross-sectional position of the flow field length of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a parallel flow field configuration of comparative example 1; in the figure, 1 is a flow field inlet, 2 is an inlet main runner, 3 is a sub-runner, 4 is an outlet main runner, and 5 is a flow field outlet;
FIG. 4 shows the velocity distribution results at two-thirds of the cross-sectional position along the flow field length of comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a flow field configuration of comparative example 2; in the figure, 1 is a flow field inlet, 2 is an inlet distribution flow channel, 3 is an outlet collection flow channel, 4 is a flow field outlet, and 5 is a sub-flow channel;
FIG. 6 shows the velocity distribution results at two-thirds cross-sectional position of the flow field length of comparative example 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a flow field configuration of comparative example 3; in the figure, 1 is a flow field inlet, 2 is an inlet distribution flow channel without a dot matrix, 3 is a middle part redistribution flow channel, 4 is an outlet collection flow channel without a dot matrix, 5 is a flow field outlet, and 6 is a sub-flow channel;
FIG. 8 shows the results of velocity distribution at a two-thirds cross-sectional position along the flow field length of comparative example 3;
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and it is obvious that the examples in the following description are only some examples of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other similar examples without inventive exercise and falling into the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in figure 1, the flow field of the invention comprises a flow field inlet, 11 inlet distribution flow channels, 33 linear parallel sub-flow channels, a middle redistribution flow channel, 11 outlet collection flow channels and a flow field outlet, the ratio of the width of the flow field inlet to the total width of the flow field is 0.28, the inlet distribution flow channels and the outlet collection flow channels are distributed in central symmetry, the inlet distribution flow channels are composed of longitudinal flow channels and transverse flow channels, the depth of the flow channels is 0.5mm, the width of the longitudinal flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channels is increased from 0.85mm to 1.85mm from the edge flow channels to the inner flow channels, the ascending gradient is 0.1mm, the ratio of the maximum width of the longitudinal flow channels to the width of the flow field inlet is 0.07, the ridge parts of the two adjacent longitudinal flow channels are sequentially provided with dot matrixes, the ridge parts of the adjacent flow channels are distributed in a staggered manner to guide inlet gas to be uniformly distributed, the transverse flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channels are consistent with the width of the longitudinal flow channels, each inlet distribution runner is branched into 3 sub-runners, the widths of the sub-runners are all 1.35mm, the widths of the ridge portions are all 1.5mm, the included angle between the connecting line of corner points of the transverse runners of the inlet distribution runner and the longitudinal runner is 47 degrees, a parallelogram lattice redistribution runner is arranged in the middle of the sub-runners, the included angle between the long side of the redistribution runner and the sub-runners is 77 degrees, and the ratio of the length of the short side of the redistribution runner to the total length of the flow field is 0.12.
The distribution of gas in the flow field is simulated through the Navier-Stokes equation, the velocity distribution result at the position of the section with the length of the flow field being two thirds is shown in figure 2, the velocity difference of the gas in each flow channel is small, and the flow field has strong gas uniform distribution capacity and uniform gas distribution.
Comparative example 1:
as shown in fig. 3, the parallel flow field structure includes a flow field inlet, an inlet main flow channel, 33 linear parallel sub-flow channels, an outlet main flow channel, and a flow field outlet, and the depth, the inlet and outlet width, and the sub-flow channel width of the parallel flow field channel are all the same as those of the flow field structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The distribution of gas in the parallel flow field is simulated through the Navier-Stokes equation, and a speed distribution result at a section position with the length of the flow field being two thirds is shown in FIG. 4, so that the result shows that the whole flow field has the tendency of high speed of an edge flow channel and low speed of a middle flow channel, and the parallel flow field has poor capability of uniformly distributing the gas and uneven gas distribution.
Comparative example 2:
as shown in fig. 5, the flow field structure includes a flow field inlet, 11 inlet distribution channels with dot matrix, 33 linear parallel sub-channels, 11 outlet collection channels and a flow field outlet, and the depth of the flow field channel, the width of the inlet and outlet, the width of the sub-channels, and the arrangement of the inlet distribution channels and the outlet collection channels are all the same as the flow field structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The distribution of gas in a parallel flow field is simulated through a Navier-Stokes equation, and a speed distribution result at a section position of two thirds of the length of the flow field is shown in FIG. 6, so that the result shows that the speed of each flow channel is relatively uniform, but the trend that the speed of an edge flow channel is low and the speed of a middle flow channel is high is shown, and the speed difference of the first flow channels is large, which shows that the flow field has better capacity of uniformly distributing gas, but the situation that the local distribution is not uniform still exists.
Comparative example 3:
as shown in fig. 7, the flow field includes a flow field inlet, 11 inlet distribution channels without dot matrix, 33 linear parallel sub-channels, a middle redistribution channel, 11 outlet collection channels without dot matrix, and a flow field outlet, and the depth of the flow field channel, the width of the inlet and outlet, the width of the sub-channels, and the arrangement of the middle redistribution channel are all the same as those of the flow field structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The distribution of gas in a parallel flow field is simulated through a Navier-Stokes equation, and a speed distribution result at a section position of two thirds of the length of the flow field is shown in FIG. 8, so that the speed of each flow channel is relatively uniform, but the trend that the speed of an edge flow channel is low and the speed of a middle flow channel is high is shown, and the speed difference of partial flow channels is large, which indicates that the capacity of the flow field for uniformly distributing gas is relatively poor.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A flow field structure of a fuel cell polar plate is characterized by comprising a flow field inlet, an inlet distribution flow channel, parallel sub-flow channels, redistribution flow channels, an outlet collection flow channel and a flow field outlet, wherein the inlet distribution flow channel and the outlet collection flow channel are distributed in a central symmetry manner, the inlet distribution flow channel is composed of longitudinal flow channels and transverse flow channels, the ridge positions of two adjacent longitudinal flow channels are sequentially provided with a hole as a dot matrix, the dot matrixes of the ridges of the adjacent flow channels are distributed in a staggered manner, each inlet distribution flow channel is branched into 3, 4 or 5 parallel sub-flow channels, and the middle part of each sub-flow channel is provided with a parallelogram-shaped redistribution flow channel dot matrix.
2. The flow field structure of claim 1, wherein the widths of the longitudinal channels of the inlet distribution channel increase gradually from the edge channels to the inner channels, the increasing gradient ranges from 0.05 mm to 0.20mm, and the ratio of the maximum value of the widths of the longitudinal channels to the width of the inlet of the flow field is 0.05 mm to 0.25.
3. A flow field structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the connecting line of the corner points of the transverse flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channels forms an angle of 30 ° to 60 ° with the longitudinal flow channels.
4. The flow field structure of claim 3, wherein the lattice length and the distance between two lattices of the transverse flow channels of the inlet distribution flow channel are the same as the lattice length and the distance between the lattice lengths of the redistribution flow channels in the middle of the sub-flow channels.
5. The flow field structure of claim 4, wherein the included angle between the long side of the redistribution flow channel and the sub-flow channel is 60-90 °, and the ratio of the length of the short side of the redistribution flow channel to the total length of the flow field is 0.1-0.25.
6. The flow field structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ratio of the width of the flow field inlet to the total width of the flow field is in the range of 0.20 to 0.35.
7. The flow field structure of claim 6, wherein the sub-channels are each 0.5-1.5 mm wide and the ridges are each 0.5-1.5 mm wide.
8. The flow field structure of claim 7, wherein the number of said inlet distribution channels and outlet collection channels is in the range of 3 to 20 and the number of said sub-channels is in the range of 9 to 100.
9. Use of a flow field structure according to claims 1 to 8 in the manufacture of a fuel cell.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the fuel cell is a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011359220.5A CN114551921B (en) | 2020-11-26 | 2020-11-26 | Flow field structure of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011359220.5A CN114551921B (en) | 2020-11-26 | 2020-11-26 | Flow field structure of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN114551921A true CN114551921A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
| CN114551921B CN114551921B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116770336A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-09-19 | 清华大学 | Bipolar plate and proton exchange film electrolytic tank |
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| US20060210855A1 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | David Frank | Flow field plate arrangement |
| CN208908238U (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-05-28 | 南京攀峰赛奥能源科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel battery double plates |
| CN111029611A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-17 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Flow field plate and fuel cell |
| CN111370726A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 山东建筑大学 | Radial flow field structure of fuel cell |
| CN111668506A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | Novel metal bipolar plate of hydrogen fuel cell |
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2020
- 2020-11-26 CN CN202011359220.5A patent/CN114551921B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060210855A1 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | David Frank | Flow field plate arrangement |
| CN208908238U (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-05-28 | 南京攀峰赛奥能源科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel battery double plates |
| CN111029611A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-17 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Flow field plate and fuel cell |
| CN111370726A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 山东建筑大学 | Radial flow field structure of fuel cell |
| CN111668506A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | Novel metal bipolar plate of hydrogen fuel cell |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116770336A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-09-19 | 清华大学 | Bipolar plate and proton exchange film electrolytic tank |
| CN116770336B (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-12-26 | 清华大学 | Bipolar plate and proton exchange film electrolytic tank |
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| CN114551921B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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