CN114532463A - Seaweed compound, preparation method and application thereof, and fish culture feed - Google Patents
Seaweed compound, preparation method and application thereof, and fish culture feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN114532463A CN114532463A CN202210219675.XA CN202210219675A CN114532463A CN 114532463 A CN114532463 A CN 114532463A CN 202210219675 A CN202210219675 A CN 202210219675A CN 114532463 A CN114532463 A CN 114532463A
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- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 241000199919 Phaeophyceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 9
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002358 autolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000277263 Salmo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001311778 Uroteuthis chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a seaweed compound and a preparation method, application and fish-farming feed thereof, and relates to the technical field of fish feed, wherein the seaweed compound is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-30 parts of sea cucumber viscera, 60-300 parts of squid viscera, 300-500 parts of brown algae, 1000-2000 parts of alkali solution and 5000-8000 parts of calcium salt solution. The invention solves the technical problems of marine product resource waste and environmental pollution, and achieves the technical effect of recovering marine products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish feed, in particular to a seaweed compound, a preparation method and application thereof, and fish feed.
Background
The squid is one of three main varieties in the ocean fishery in China at present, and in recent years, with the increase of the demand of people for the squid, the squid processing industry develops rapidly. The market squid in China mainly comes from ocean fishing, and the ocean fishing yield of the squid in China is continuously improved. At present, the squid becomes an important part of aquatic product processing industry in China, and the processing by-products of quick-frozen squid products account for about 20 percent of the weight of the squid, wherein the by-products have about 15.92 percent of internal organs. It is reported that every 100g of squid viscera contains 21.15g of fat, 21.24g of protein, 51.46mg of calcium, 609.07 μ g of iron and 95.88 μ g of phosphorus. However, the processing of the squid processing byproducts in China is relatively rough at present, and most of the squid processing byproducts are discarded at will or buried directly. The rough treatment mode not only causes great waste of resources, but also causes very active enzymes in the body due to the large water content of the squids, and the squid is accompanied with very strong fishy smell along with the prolonging of the storage time, thereby seriously polluting the environment.
The sea cucumber is a precious product in the sea, and viscera are usually removed in the process of processing the sea cucumber by fishermen, mainly because the viscera of the sea cucumber contain a large amount of autolytic enzyme, so that the viscera of the sea cucumber is not suitable for storage, and is easy to decay and deteriorate, thereby affecting the quality of the sea cucumber. Meanwhile, the sea cucumber can be autolyzed under the condition of external environment such as temperature change, namely the body wall is in a dissolved state, and the unique physiological phenomenon makes the fresh and alive sea cucumber difficult to store. In addition, the viscera of the sea cucumber is rich in nutrition, and if the viscera is discarded at will, the problems of great resource waste and environmental pollution are inevitably caused.
The production history of seaweed is long in China, and the seaweed provides various products for human beings for eating, medicine and industry. China is one of the countries with the largest seaweed yield in the world, wherein the brown seaweed yield accounts for more than 60% of the total world yield, and the huge yield provides huge raw material basis and advantages for the brown seaweed processing industry. At present, a considerable scale of brown algae processing industry is formed in China, and relates to a plurality of fields of food, medicine, chemical industry and the like. However, especially in the food field, most of seaweed foods in China are simple primary processed products, but the proportion of fine processed products and deep processed products is seriously insufficient, so that most of seaweed processing byproducts generated every year are randomly discarded. As is known, brown algae contains a large amount of marine polysaccharides, especially sodium alginate, and if the marine polysaccharides are not effectively developed and utilized, the resources are inevitably wasted greatly.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a seaweed compound which has rich nutrient substances, takes sea cucumber viscera, squid viscera and brown algae which are usually discarded in the marine product processing process as raw materials, combines the characteristics of the components of the sea cucumber viscera, the squid viscera and the brown algae, changes waste into valuable, recycles marine product resources, and has low cost and high profit market potential.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the seaweed compound, which has simple process and low cost and can effectively cover the fishy smell of the marine products.
The invention also aims to provide the fish farming feed which is low in cost, remarkable in feeding effect and considerable in economic benefit.
The fourth objective of the present invention is to provide an application of the preparation method of the seaweed compound in the treatment of waste marine products, which can effectively integrate the waste marine product resources and does not cause environmental pollution.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a seaweed compound, which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-30 parts of sea cucumber viscera, 60-300 parts of squid viscera, 300-500 parts of brown algae, 1000-2000 parts of alkali solution and 5000-8000 parts of calcium salt solution.
Further, the seaweed compound is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-25 parts of sea cucumber viscera, 80-250 parts of squid viscera, 350-450 parts of brown algae, 1200-1800 parts of alkali solution and 6000-7500 parts of calcium salt solution.
Further, the raw materials also comprise:
100-300 parts by weight of trehalose solution.
Further, the seaweed compound is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-25 parts by weight of sea cucumber viscera, 150 parts by weight of trehalose solution, 80-250 parts by weight of squid viscera, 350 parts by weight of brown algae, 1200 parts by weight of alkali solution and 6000 parts by weight of calcium salt solution;
the mass fraction of the trehalose solution is 1-3%.
Further, the mass fraction of the alkali solution is 0.5% -1.8%;
the alkali solution comprises a sodium carbonate solution.
Further, the mass fraction of the calcium salt solution is 1-10%;
the calcium salt solution comprises a calcium chloride solution.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing said seaweed complex, comprising the steps of:
(a) dissolving the viscera of the sea cucumber to obtain a material A;
(b) mixing the squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step (a) to obtain a material B;
(c) hydrolyzing the brown algae in the alkali solution to obtain a material C;
(d) mixing the material B obtained in the step (B) with the material C obtained in the step (C) to obtain a material D;
(e) and (D) mixing the material D obtained in the step (D) with the calcium salt solution to obtain the seaweed compound.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) dissolving the viscera of the sea cucumber in the trehalose solution to obtain a material A;
(b) mixing the squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step (a), and then, preserving heat and sieving to obtain a material B;
the mode of mixing includes homogenization;
the rotating speed of the homogenate is 10000r/min-20000r/min, and the time of the homogenate is 20min-40 min;
the temperature of the heat preservation is 25-40 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12-24 h;
the number of the sieved meshes is 40-60 meshes;
(c) homogenizing the brown algae, and hydrolyzing in an alkali solution to obtain a material C;
the rotating speed of the homogenate is 10000r/min-20000r/min, and the time of the homogenate is 20min-30 min;
the hydrolysis temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the hydrolysis time is 6-10 h;
(d) mixing the material B obtained in the step (B) with the material C obtained in the step (C), adjusting the pH value to be neutral, and sieving to obtain a material D;
the number of the sieved meshes is 40-60 meshes;
(e) mixing the material D obtained in the step (D) with the calcium salt solution, and drying to obtain a seaweed compound;
the mixing method comprises the steps of dripping the material D into a calcium salt solution;
the drying method includes at least one of vacuum freeze drying and microwave vacuum drying.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a fish farming feed comprising the seaweed complex.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a use of the method for preparing the seaweed complex for treating waste seafood.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the sea cucumber autolytic enzyme can efficiently degrade proteins in the squid viscera, provides rich nutrient substances, and the brown algae can quickly wrap the rich sodium alginate in calcium to form balls, so that the strong sea fishy smell generated by seafood can be effectively covered; the seaweed compound has the characteristics of low cost and high profit, has considerable economic benefit, and has wide market application prospect.
The preparation method of the seaweed compound provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low cost and strong operability, can effectively cover the fishy smell of marine products, and can improve and enrich the nutrient substances in the compound to the maximum extent.
The fish-farming feed provided by the invention is rich in nutrition, low in cost, remarkable in feeding effect and considerable in economic benefit.
The application of the preparation method of the seaweed compound in treating the waste marine products can effectively integrate the waste marine product resources and cannot cause environmental pollution.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a seaweed compound is provided, which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-30 parts of sea cucumber viscera, 60-300 parts of squid viscera, 300-500 parts of brown algae, 1000-2000 parts of alkali solution and 5000-8000 parts of calcium salt solution.
Typical but not limiting parts by weight of the viscera of the sea cucumber in the present invention are, for example, 1 part by weight, 5 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight; typical but not limiting parts by weight of squid viscera are for example 60 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight, 150 parts by weight, 200 parts by weight, 250 parts by weight, 300 parts by weight; typical but non-limiting parts by weight of brown algae are for example 300 parts by weight, 350 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight, 450 parts by weight, 500 parts by weight; typical but non-limiting parts by weight of the alkaline solution are for example 1000 parts by weight, 1500 parts by weight, 2000 parts by weight; typical but non-limiting parts by weight of the calcium salt solution are for example 5000 parts by weight, 5500 parts by weight, 6000 parts by weight, 6500 parts by weight, 7000 parts by weight, 7500 parts by weight, 8000 parts by weight.
The sea cucumber compound takes squid viscera, sea cucumber viscera and brown algae which are usually discarded in the marine product processing process as raw materials, and the characteristics of the components of the squid viscera, the sea cucumber viscera and the brown algae are combined, so that waste is changed into valuable, wherein the sea cucumber autolytic enzyme can efficiently degrade proteins in the squid viscera and provide rich nutrient substances, and the brown algae contains rich sodium alginate which can be quickly wrapped into balls after meeting calcium, so that the strong sea fishy smell generated by seafood can be effectively covered; the seaweed compound has rich nutrient substances, low cost and high benefit, so the seaweed compound has considerable economic benefit and very wide market application prospect.
In a preferred embodiment, the seaweed complex of the present invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-25 parts of sea cucumber viscera, 80-250 parts of squid viscera, 350-450 parts of brown algae, 1200-1800 parts of alkali solution and 6000-7500 parts of calcium salt solution.
By optimizing the dosage and the proportion of the components, the synergistic cooperation effect among the components can be fully exerted, the nutrient substances in the seaweed compound are enhanced to the maximum extent, the marine fishy smell is effectively covered, and the maximization of the economic benefit is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the feedstock of the present invention further comprises: 100-300 parts by weight of a trehalose solution, typical but not limiting parts by weight are for example 100 parts by weight, 150 parts by weight, 200 parts by weight, 250 parts by weight, 300 parts by weight.
The trehalose can effectively improve the efficiency of degrading squid viscera by the sea cucumber autolytic enzyme, not only reduces the diffusion of the fishy smell, but also can improve the digestion and absorption effects of nutrient substances in the product.
In a preferred embodiment, the seaweed complex of the present invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-25 parts of sea cucumber viscera, 150 parts of trehalose solution, 80-250 parts of squid viscera, 350 parts of brown algae, 1200 parts of alkali solution and 6000 parts of calcium salt solution.
In the present invention, the trehalose solution has a mass fraction of 1% to 3%, typical but not limiting mass fractions thereof being for example 1%, 2%, 3%; in the present invention, the mass fraction of the alkali solution is 0.5% to 1.8%, and its typical but non-limiting mass fraction is, for example, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 1.8%, and the alkali solution of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, sodium carbonate solution; in the present invention, the calcium salt solution has a mass fraction of 1% to 10%, and a typical but non-limiting mass fraction thereof is, for example, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, and the calcium salt solution of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, calcium chloride solution.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above seaweed complex, comprising the steps of:
(a) dissolving the viscera of the sea cucumber to obtain a material A;
(b) mixing squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step (a) to obtain a material B;
(c) hydrolyzing brown algae in an alkali solution to obtain a material C;
(d) mixing the material B obtained in the step (B) with the material C obtained in the step (C) to obtain a material D;
(e) and (D) mixing the material D obtained in the step (D) with a calcium salt solution to obtain the composite seaweed feed.
In the invention, firstly dissolving the viscera of the sea cucumber to fully disperse autolytic enzymes contained in the viscera of the sea cucumber in a solution to obtain a material A, and then mixing the material A with the viscera of the squid to fully degrade proteins in the viscera of the squid by the autolytic enzymes in the material A to obtain a material B; the method utilizes an alkali solution to hydrolyze brown algae, and fully releases sodium alginate in the brown algae to obtain a material C; mixing the obtained material B with the obtained material C to obtain a material D; and treating the material D with a calcium salt solution, and forming spherical colloid through ion exchange to obtain the seaweed compound.
In a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
(a) dissolving the viscera of the sea cucumber in a trehalose solution to obtain a material A;
(b) mixing squid viscera and the material A obtained in the step (a), and then, preserving heat and sieving to obtain a material B;
wherein the mixing means includes, but is not limited to, homogenizing at a rotational speed of 10000r/min to 20000r/min, typically but not limited to 10000r/min, 12000r/min, 15000r/min, 18000r/min, 20000 r/min; the homogenization time is 20min-40min, and typical but non-limiting time is 20min, 25min, 30min, 35min, 40 min; the temperature of the incubation is 25 ℃ to 40 ℃, and typical but non-limiting temperatures are, for example, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃; the time for heat preservation is 12h-24h, and typical but non-limiting time is 12h, 15h, 18h, 20h and 24 h; the mesh number of the sieve is 40 meshes to 60 meshes, and typical but non-limiting mesh numbers are 40 meshes, 50 meshes and 60 meshes;
(c) homogenizing brown algae, and hydrolyzing in an alkali solution to obtain a material C;
wherein the rotation speed of the homogenate is 10000r/min-20000r/min, and typical but non-limiting rotation speeds are 10000r/min, 12000r/min, 15000r/min, 18000r/min and 20000 r/min; the homogenization time is 20min-30min, and typical but non-limiting time is 20min, 25min and 30 min; the temperature of hydrolysis is 60 ℃ to 80 ℃, and typical but non-limiting temperatures are, for example, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃; the hydrolysis time is 6h to 10h, and typical but non-limiting times are 6h, 8h and 10 h;
(d) mixing the material B obtained in the step (B) with the material C obtained in the step (C), adjusting the pH value to be neutral, and sieving to obtain a material D;
wherein the mesh number of the sieve is 40-60 meshes, and typical but non-limiting mesh numbers are 40 meshes, 50 meshes and 60 meshes;
(e) mixing the material D obtained in the step (D) with a calcium salt solution, and drying to obtain a seaweed compound;
wherein, the mixing method comprises but is not limited to dripping the material D into the calcium salt solution;
methods of drying include, but are not limited to, vacuum freeze drying and microwave vacuum drying.
The preparation method of the seaweed compound provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low cost and strong operability, can effectively cover the fishy smell of marine products, and can improve and enrich the nutrient substances in the compound to the maximum extent.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fish farming feed comprising the above-mentioned algal complex.
The fish-farming feed provided by the invention is added with the seaweed compound, so that the fish-farming feed is rich in nutrition, low in cost, remarkable in feeding effect and considerable in economic benefit.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of the above seaweed complex for the preparation of a method for treating waste seafood.
The application of the preparation method of the seaweed compound in treating the waste marine products can effectively integrate the waste marine product resources, not only save the marine product resources, but also create considerable economic benefits and can not cause environmental pollution.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. The materials in the examples are prepared according to known methods or are directly commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
1. Adding 10 parts by weight of fresh sea cucumber viscera into 100 parts by weight of trehalose aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 3%, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a material A;
2. mixing 100 parts by weight of squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step 1, homogenizing, controlling the rotating speed at 15000r/min, homogenizing for 30 minutes, standing in a 37 ℃ incubator for 12 hours, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a material B;
3. homogenizing 300 parts by weight of fresh waste brown algae at the rotating speed of 15000r/min for 20 minutes, adding into 1000 parts by weight of sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.6%, and heating at 60 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a material C;
4. mixing the material B obtained in the step 2 with the material C obtained in the step 3, uniformly stirring, and sieving by using a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a material D;
5. dropwise adding the material D obtained in the step (4) into 5000 parts by weight of calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5% to form spherical colloid;
6. and (5) collecting the spherical colloid formed in the step (5), and drying by adopting a vacuum freeze-drying method to obtain the seaweed compound.
Example 2
1. Adding 20 parts by weight of fresh sea cucumber viscera into 100 parts by weight of trehalose aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 3%, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a material A;
2. mixing 150 parts by weight of fresh squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step 1, homogenizing at the rotating speed of 15000r/min for 30 minutes, standing in a 37 ℃ incubator for 12 hours, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a material B;
3. homogenizing 300 parts by weight of fresh waste brown algae at the rotating speed of 15000r/min for 20 minutes, adding into 1000 parts by weight of sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.6%, and heating at 60 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a material C;
4. mixing the material B obtained in the step (2) with the material C obtained in the step (3), uniformly stirring, and sieving by using a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a material D;
5. dropwise adding the material D obtained in the step (4) into 5000 parts by weight of calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5% to form spherical colloid;
6. and (5) collecting the spherical colloid formed in the step (5), and drying by adopting a vacuum freeze-drying method to obtain the seaweed compound.
Example 3
1. Adding 30 parts by weight of fresh sea cucumber viscera into 100 parts by weight of trehalose aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 3%, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a material A;
2. mixing 300 parts by weight of fresh squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step 1, homogenizing, controlling the rotating speed at 15000r/min, homogenizing for 30 minutes, standing in a 37 ℃ incubator for 18 hours, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a material B;
3. homogenizing 400 parts by weight of fresh waste brown algae at the rotating speed of 15000r/min for 20 minutes, adding into 1500 parts by weight of sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.8%, and heating at 60 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain a material C;
4. mixing the material B obtained in the step 2 with the material C obtained in the step 3, uniformly stirring, and sieving by using a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a material D;
5. dropwise adding the material D obtained in the step (4) into 5000 parts by weight of calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5% to form spherical colloid;
6. and (5) collecting the spherical colloid formed in the step (5), and drying by adopting a vacuum freeze-drying method to obtain the seaweed compound.
Example 4
1. Adding 30 parts by weight of fresh sea cucumber viscera into 100 parts by weight of ice water solution, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a material A;
2. mixing 300 parts by weight of fresh squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step 1, homogenizing, controlling the rotating speed at 15000r/min, homogenizing for 30 minutes, standing in a 37 ℃ incubator for 18 hours, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a material B;
3. homogenizing 400 parts by weight of fresh waste brown algae at the rotating speed of 15000r/min for 20 minutes, adding into 1500 parts by weight of sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.8%, and heating at 60 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain a material C;
4. mixing the material B obtained in the step 2 with the material C obtained in the step 3, uniformly stirring, and sieving by using a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a material D;
5. dropwise adding the material D obtained in the step (4) into 5000 parts by weight of calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5% to form spherical colloid;
6. and (5) collecting the spherical colloid formed in the step (5), and drying by adopting a vacuum freeze-drying method to obtain the seaweed compound.
Comparative example 1
Dissolving 15 parts by weight of sodium alginate in 600 parts by weight of pure water, fully stirring and dissolving, adding into a dropping funnel, dropwise adding into 3000 parts by weight of calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 3% to form spherical colloid, collecting, and drying by adopting a vacuum freeze-drying method to obtain the spherical colloid.
Comparative example 2
1. Adding 30 parts by weight of fresh sea cucumber viscera into 100 parts by weight of aqueous solution, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a material A;
2. mixing 300 parts by weight of fresh squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step 1, homogenizing, controlling the rotating speed at 15000r/min, homogenizing for 30 minutes, standing in a heat preservation box at 37 ℃ for 18 hours, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a material B;
3. and (3) collecting the material B obtained in the step (2), and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the compound.
Comparative example 3
In the comparative example, 5 parts by weight of sea cucumber viscera in the step 1, 350 parts by weight of squid viscera in the step 2, and the other steps and parameters are the same as those in the example 1, so that the seaweed compound is obtained.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that sea cucumber viscera were not added in the comparative example, and other steps and parameters were the same as those in example 1 to obtain a seaweed complex.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the brown algae in the step 3 of the comparative example is 100 parts by weight, and other steps and parameters are the same as those of the example 1, so that the seaweed compound is obtained.
Comparative example 6
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the brown algae in the step 3 of the comparative example is 700 parts by weight, and other steps and parameters are the same as those of the example 1, so that the seaweed compound is obtained.
Experimental example 1
The products of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were evaluated according to the following criteria, and the average value was taken for each group to obtain the evaluation result of off-flavor.
Evaluation criteria: no peculiar smell, no pungent smell 1 point; slight off-flavor, but no pungent odor 2 points; slightly strong pungent odor for 3 points; strong pungent odor, which is difficult to endure for 4 points. The specific test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the fishy smell of examples 1-4 using the method of the present invention is significantly lower than that of comparative example 2, which is simply treated, and the main reason is probably that the gels formed by crosslinking calcium chloride and sodium alginate in examples 1-4 cover the visceral contents of Stichopus japonicus and Loligo chinensis Gray, thereby preventing the fishy smell from spreading everywhere. In example 4, trehalose is not added, and the fishy smell is obviously lower than that of comparative example 2 but is still obviously higher than that of examples 1-3, so that the trehalose added in examples 1-3 can effectively improve the degradation efficiency of the sea cucumber autolytic enzyme on squid viscera, thereby reducing the diffusion of the fishy smell.
Experimental example 2
In the experimental example, 5 treatment groups are designed, 5 1200L water tanks are randomly selected from a culture system, and 30 experimental salmon east Asian salmon with initial weight error of about 0.5g are bred in each water tank.
The products obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were added to a conventional feed in a mass ratio of 20% and mixed to obtain mixed feeds, which were designated as examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 6, respectively. The mixed feed of the working groups 1 to 4 and the comparative groups 1 to 6 and the feed containing only the conventional feed were periodically and quantitatively fed to the Atlantic salmon for 8 weeks, and the other conditions were kept substantially unchanged. The following criteria were measured and calculated, as shown in table 2:
the weight gain (%) was [ final weight (g) -initial weight (g) ]/initial weight (g) × 100%
Feed factor ═ feed intake (g)/[ final weight (g) — initial weight (g) ]
Survival (%) -% final mantissa (tail)/initial mantissa (tail). times.100%
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the feed factors and survival rates of the practical groups 1 to 4 are not greatly different from those of the conventional feed group, but the weight gain rate is significantly different, which may be caused by: the groups 1-4 are rich in proteins, fats, vitamins and other substances necessary for fish growth. In addition, although the weight gain rate of the embodiment 4 is higher than that of the conventional feed group, but is significantly lower than that of the embodiment 1-3, which shows that the trehalose added in the embodiment 1-3 can effectively improve the efficiency of degrading squid viscera by the sea cucumber autolytic enzyme, thereby improving the digestion and absorption effects of fish on nutrient substances in the feed. The weight gain of the comparative groups 2 to 4 and the comparative group 6 is significantly lower than that of the working group because one of the components is too much or too little, and the weight gain of the comparative group 5 is similar to that of the working group because the sea cucumber viscera and squid viscera protein are relatively much because of less seaweed, but the fishy smell of the comparative group 5 is too strong as shown in Table 1, so the use of the comparative group is not recommended. Therefore, only when the proportion of each component is proper, the fish feed has proper smell and the weight gain rate is the maximum.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The seaweed compound is characterized by being mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-30 parts of sea cucumber viscera, 60-300 parts of squid viscera, 300-500 parts of brown algae, 1000-2000 parts of alkali solution and 5000-8000 parts of calcium salt solution.
2. The seaweed compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seaweed compound is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-25 parts of sea cucumber viscera, 80-250 parts of squid viscera, 350-450 parts of brown algae, 1200-1800 parts of alkali solution and 6000-7500 parts of calcium salt solution.
3. Seaweed complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the raw material further comprises:
100-300 parts by weight of trehalose solution.
4. The seaweed compound as claimed in claim 3, wherein the seaweed compound is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-25 parts by weight of sea cucumber viscera, 150 parts by weight of trehalose solution, 80-250 parts by weight of squid viscera, 350 parts by weight of brown algae, 1200 parts by weight of alkali solution and 6000 parts by weight of calcium salt solution;
the mass fraction of the trehalose solution is 1-3%.
5. Seaweed complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass fraction of the alkaline solution is 0.5-1.8%;
the alkali solution comprises a sodium carbonate solution.
6. The seaweed compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcium salt solution is present in an amount of 1-10% by weight;
the calcium salt solution comprises a calcium chloride solution.
7. A method for preparing a seaweed complex as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(a) dissolving the viscera of the sea cucumber to obtain a material A;
(b) mixing the squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step (a) to obtain a material B;
(c) hydrolyzing the brown algae in the alkali solution to obtain a material C;
(d) mixing the material B obtained in the step (B) with the material C obtained in the step (C) to obtain a material D;
(e) and (D) mixing the material D obtained in the step (D) with the calcium salt solution to obtain the seaweed compound.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, comprising the steps of:
(a) dissolving the viscera of the sea cucumber in the trehalose solution to obtain a material A;
(b) mixing the squid viscera with the material A obtained in the step (a), and then, preserving heat and sieving to obtain a material B;
the mode of mixing includes homogenization;
the rotating speed of the homogenate is 10000r/min-20000r/min, and the homogenate time is 20min-40 min;
the temperature of the heat preservation is 25-40 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12-24 h;
the number of the sieved meshes is 40-60 meshes;
(c) homogenizing the brown algae, and hydrolyzing in an alkali solution to obtain a material C;
the rotating speed of the homogenate is 10000r/min-20000r/min, and the time of the homogenate is 20min-30 min;
the hydrolysis temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the hydrolysis time is 6-10 h;
(d) mixing the material B obtained in the step (B) with the material C obtained in the step (C), adjusting the pH value to be neutral, and sieving to obtain a material D;
the number of the sieved meshes is 40-60 meshes;
(e) mixing the material D obtained in the step (D) with the calcium salt solution, and drying to obtain a seaweed compound;
the mixing method comprises the steps of dripping the material D into a calcium salt solution;
the drying method includes at least one of vacuum freeze drying and microwave vacuum drying.
9. A fish farming feed comprising the algal complex of any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. Use of the preparation according to claim 7 or 8 for the treatment of waste seafood.
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