CN114530654A - Battery pack thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate, preparation method and battery pack - Google Patents
Battery pack thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate, preparation method and battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN114530654A CN114530654A CN202210009861.0A CN202210009861A CN114530654A CN 114530654 A CN114530654 A CN 114530654A CN 202210009861 A CN202210009861 A CN 202210009861A CN 114530654 A CN114530654 A CN 114530654A
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- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate of a battery pack, a preparation method and the battery pack, wherein the barrier plate comprises a plate core and a packaging bag wrapping the plate core; the core plate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-70% of base material, 15-35% of curing material and 5-15% of flame-retardant material. Through the three types of compositions of the manufacturing plate core, when the thermal runaway diffusion barrier is applied to the battery pack, the synergistic effect is achieved, and the overall safety of the battery pack can be comprehensively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile power batteries, in particular to a thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate of a battery pack, a preparation method and the battery pack.
Background
Due to global energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, the development of new energy vehicles featuring low energy consumption and low emissions is actively being promoted throughout the society. The new energy automobile uses a battery as an energy storage carrier, and the driving force is generated by a motor so as to drive the automobile to run. The lithium ion battery uses a carbon material as a negative electrode and a lithium ion intercalation compound as a positive electrode, and realizes charge and discharge by means of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Because of the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, environmental friendliness and the like, the lithium ion battery is widely applied to the field of new energy automobiles (including pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, extended range electric vehicles and the like). However, lithium ion batteries use flammable polar organic solvents such as Ethylene Carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), etc. as an electrolyte solution, and thus are inherently fire-dangerous. The safety problem of the lithium ion battery becomes a key problem restricting the development of the electric automobile. As said by the standing spring academy, "if the problem of the lithium ion battery is not solved, the development of the electric vehicle is completely empty; electric vehicle development is also affected if the cost and safety issues of lithium ion batteries are not addressed. The fire safety problem of lithium ion batteries has been a focus of attention of researchers.
Early research on the safety of lithium ion batteries focused on the thermal runaway mechanism of the cells. The lithium ion battery of the electric automobile works from few to many component battery packs according to the sequence of a Cell Module Pack (Pack), and thousands of single batteries are tightly stacked in a battery box after being connected in series and parallel, so that conditions are provided for rapidly spreading individual batteries after being ignited and triggering a large-scale fire. The fire accident of the electric automobile is usually caused by the thermal runaway of the single battery, and the fire spreading inside the battery pack is caused by the heat transfer after the single battery is ignited, which is also a key link for the conversion of the battery pack from local ignition to overall combustion and is a root cause for the formation of the result of the catastrophic accident.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical problem in the background art, the invention provides a battery pack thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate, a preparation method and a battery pack.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a thermal runaway diffusion barrier for a battery pack, which comprises a plate core and a packaging bag wrapping the plate core; the plate core comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-70% of base material, 15-35% of curing material and 5-15% of flame-retardant material.
Further, the substrate is a borosilicate material and is granular; the curing material comprises a lipid material and a curing agent and is used for curing and molding the granular substrate.
Further, the mass ratio of the lipid material to the curing agent is 3: 1.
Further, the flame retardant material comprises a flame retardant and a char former.
Further, the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the carbon forming agent is 2: 1.
further, the flame retardant is inorganic phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate.
Further, the carbon forming agent is a polyhydroxy compound or pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol.
Further, the lipid material is epoxy resin.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate of a battery pack, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the base material and the lipid material in proportion;
mixing the flame retardant and the carbon forming agent in proportion, adding the mixture into the mixture of the base material and the lipid material, and uniformly mixing by using a compression mixing method;
adding a curing agent in proportion, uniformly mixing, putting into a mold, making into a plate blank, putting into a temperature box, curing for a required time at a set temperature, and then cooling and demolding;
and (3) wrapping the separation plate core by using a thermoplastic film, heating to ensure that the thermoplastic film is heated and shrunk, wrapping the separation plate core, and cutting to obtain the separation plate.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack having the above barrier plate inserted therein
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the plate core comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50% -70% of base material, 15% -35% of curing material and 5% -15% of flame-retardant material. Through the three types of components of the manufacturing plate core, when the thermal runaway diffusion barrier of the battery pack is applied, the synergistic effect is achieved, and the overall safety of the battery pack can be comprehensively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway barrier of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a thermal runaway diffusion barrier of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermal runaway diffusion barrier for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 100. a barrier plate; 101. a board core; 102. packaging the mixture in a bag; 103. a substrate; 104. curing the material; 105. a flame retardant material; 200. a stirrer; 300. a mold; 301. an upper cover plate; 302. a frame 303 and a lower cover plate; 400. a muffle furnace; 500. a battery.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate of a battery pack with a composite structure, which can be used in a battery system and an energy storage system of a new energy automobile, is a fire safety passive protection device of the battery system, and is particularly used for preventing heat transfer among square batteries in the battery system and preventing large-scale fire and explosion accidents from being caused in a short time after a thermal runaway accident occurs to a certain single battery. The advantages of the baffle plate are: the high-strength flame-retardant high-thermal-conductivity battery pack has the advantages of low thermal conductivity, low density, high strength and flame retardance, and is suitable for improving the safety of a battery system in the battery system.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate 100 of the present embodiment is made of three main components, i.e., a base material 103, a curing material 104, and a flame retardant material 105; the mass ratio of the base material 103 is between 50 and 70 percent, the mass ratio of the curing material 104 is between 15 and 35 percent, and the mass ratio of the flame-retardant material 105 is between 5 and 15 percent. So, through the three kinds of compositions of above-mentioned preparation board core, when being applied to the thermal runaway diffusion separation of group battery, have the synergism effect, can synthesize the whole security that promotes the group battery.
Specifically, the substrate 103 is mainly a main component of the plate, and mainly functions to insulate heat, and may be made of borosilicate material, such as hollow glass beads, which have relatively low density and low thermal conductivity, and are a main material of the plate core, and when placed between batteries, the thermal resistance may be increased, and the heat flux transferred through thermal conduction may be reduced. The curing material 104 mainly comprises two components, namely a lipid material and a curing agent, has the functions of forming the granular base material and curing the base material into a certain shape, has certain mechanical strength, and can buffer the extrusion force and vibration of the battery when being applied to the battery pack of the new energy automobile and keep the integrity of the shape of the barrier plate. The flame retardant material 105 is used for improving the thermal stability of the plate and preventing the barrier plate from burning when the battery is out of control due to heat or catches fire, and the flame retardant material 105 is mainly an organic flame retardant with relatively small using amount and plays a role in improving the thermal stability of the material and improving the flame retardant performance. The packaging bag 102 is made of a thermoplastic material, is thin and has good toughness, and plays a role in protecting the barrier plate core and also plays a role in buffering extrusion force and vibration force.
Meanwhile, the embodiment also provides a preparation method of the thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate of the battery pack, which comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 2, the preparation method: firstly, uniformly mixing a base material and resin according to a certain proportion (the proportion range of the base material is 50-70%), mixing a flame retardant and a carbon forming agent according to a ratio of 2:1, adding the mixture into the mixture of the base material and the resin, and uniformly mixing by using a compression mixing method. The compression type mixing solves the mixing problem when the density of solid particles is low and the proportion is large. And finally, adding an amine curing agent (the amine curing agent is matched with epoxy resin, the amine curing agent and the epoxy resin are mixed to form a curing material, the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the amine curing agent is 3:1), uniformly mixing the curing material and the epoxy resin by using a stirrer 200, and then putting the curing material into a mold, wherein the mold 300 is a stainless steel mold consisting of an upper cover plate 301, a lower cover plate 303 and a frame 302, and the inner space of the mold is usually rectangular. The length and width of the plate can be adjusted by changing the length and width of the upper cover plate 301 and the lower cover plate 303, the thickness of the plate can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the frame 302, the material is made into a slab after entering the die 300, then the slab and the die are placed in the muffle 400 to be solidified for 30 minutes at 100 ℃ (if the solidification needs to be faster, the solidification needs to be carried out at a higher temperature, but generally not more than 100 ℃), and the plate is cooled and demoulded. The thermoplastic film is adopted to wrap the barrier plate core, and after the thermoplastic film is heated to 70-100 ℃, the thermoplastic film is heated and shrunk to wrap the barrier plate core, so that the structural stability of the barrier plate core is protected, and the thermoplastic film is used as a thermoplastic material of a packaging bag, and a PET material is usually selected. Meanwhile, the thermoplastic packaging bag also has the functions of buffering the extrusion force and vibration of the battery, and is finally cut into a barrier plate.
In one embodiment, the substrate 103 is selected from 3M brand K1 hollow glass beads, which have the lowest density, so that the barrier plate is very lightweight.
In a specific embodiment, the curing material 104 is a resin and a curing agent formulated in a certain ratio. The resin may be an epoxy resin and the curing agent may be an amine curing agent. The epoxy resin and the amine curing agent are matched for use, so that the base material can be fixedly molded into a plate shape, and the mass ratio of the base material to the amine curing agent can be 3: 1;
in a specific embodiment, the flame retardant material 105 is composed of a flame retardant and a carbon forming agent, the flame retardant is mostly inorganic phosphate, and can be ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is mostly polyhydroxy compound, and can be pentaerythritol, or dipentaerythritol, and the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the carbon forming agent can be 2: 1.
compared with the prior art, the thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate of the battery pack has the following technical advantages:
(1) the heat insulation effect is good, and the barrier plate has low heat conductivity coefficient, so that heat can be prevented from being transferred from the thermal runaway battery to the adjacent battery in a heat conduction mode, and the safety of the adjacent battery is protected;
(2) the self weight of the blocking plate is small, compared with the existing blocking plate, the density of the plate is low, the mass burden caused by using the blocking plate is reduced, and the influence on the specific energy of a battery system can be ignored;
(3) the composite board has good flame retardant property, and the composite board also contains flame retardant components, so that the composite board has good flame retardant property, can have certain fire resistance, and can well protect the battery.
(4) The cost is low, the plate is mainly made of common borosilicate materials, the material cost is low, the using amount is small, and therefore the increased cost burden is small.
As shown in fig. 3, when applied to a battery pack, it may have various application forms as needed. One barrier plate 100 may be interposed between each adjacent cell 600, one barrier plate 100 may be interposed between the further cells 600, or one barrier plate 100 may be interposed between the plurality of spaced cells 600.
The above description is applied to the battery pack of the new energy automobile, and certainly, the battery pack can also be applied to the battery pack of the energy storage system, and the battery pack can also play a role in preventing heat transfer between batteries and reducing the risk of thermal runaway disaster accidents.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate for the battery pack is characterized by comprising a plate core, wherein the plate core comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-70% of base material, 15-35% of curing material and 5-15% of flame-retardant material.
2. The battery thermal runaway diffusion barrier of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a borosilicate material in particulate form; the curing material comprises a lipid material and a curing agent and is used for curing and molding the granular substrate.
3. The battery thermal runaway diffusion barrier of claim 2, wherein the lipid material to curing agent mass ratio is 3: 1.
4. The battery thermal runaway diffusion barrier of claim 1, wherein the flame retardant material comprises a flame retardant and a char former.
5. The battery pack thermal runaway diffusion barrier of claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the carbon former is 2: 1.
6. the battery thermal runaway diffusion barrier of claim 4, wherein the flame retardant is an inorganic phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate.
7. The battery thermal runaway diffusion barrier of claim 2, wherein the lipid material is an epoxy.
8. The battery thermal runaway diffusion barrier of claim 1, further comprising an encapsulation pouch surrounding the core; the packaging bag is made of thermoplastic materials.
9. A preparation method of a thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate of a battery pack is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the base material and the lipid material uniformly according to a proportion;
mixing the flame retardant and the carbon forming agent in proportion, adding the mixture into a mixture of the base material and the lipid material, and uniformly mixing the mixture by using a compression mixing method;
adding a curing agent in proportion, uniformly mixing, putting into a mold, making into a plate blank, putting into a temperature box, curing for a required time at a set temperature, and then cooling and demolding;
and (3) wrapping the separation plate core by using a thermoplastic film, heating to ensure that the thermoplastic film is heated and shrunk, wrapping the separation plate core, and cutting to obtain the separation plate.
10. A battery pack characterized in that the barrier plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is inserted in the battery pack.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210009861.0A CN114530654A (en) | 2022-01-06 | 2022-01-06 | Battery pack thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate, preparation method and battery pack |
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| CN202210009861.0A CN114530654A (en) | 2022-01-06 | 2022-01-06 | Battery pack thermal runaway diffusion barrier plate, preparation method and battery pack |
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