CN114508382A - Tunnel drainage system and construction method of transverse water drain pipe thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel drainage system and a construction method of a transverse water drain pipe thereof, wherein the tunnel drainage system is arranged in a tunnel arch wall, the tunnel arch wall comprises a primary support, a waterproof layer and a secondary lining which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction of a tunnel, and the bottom of the tunnel arch wall is provided with a side ditch which extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; the tunnel drainage system comprises an annular drainage pipe, a longitudinal drainage pipe and a transverse drainage pipe, wherein the annular drainage pipe is positioned between the primary support and the waterproof layer, the longitudinal drainage pipe is embedded at the bottom of the tunnel arch wall and extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the inner end of the transverse drainage pipe is communicated with the longitudinal drainage pipe and/or the annular drainage pipe, and the water outlet end of the transverse drainage pipe extends to the side ditch; the inner wall of the transverse water drain pipe is smooth, the inclination of the transverse water drain pipe is more than or equal to 5%, and the water outlet end of the transverse water drain pipe is bent downwards. The tunnel drainage system can thoroughly solve the problem of calcification crystal deposition and blockage of the drainage pipeline in the tunnel.

Description

Tunnel drainage system and construction method of transverse water drain pipe thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel drainage system for preventing a drainage hole from being blocked by calcification crystallization and a construction method of a transverse drainage pipe thereof.

Background

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the construction of the tunnel engineering, in terms of the structural design of the waterproof and drainage system, a lining drainage system is mainly formed by circumferential drainage pipes 101 and longitudinal drainage pipes 102, the circumferential drainage pipes 101 are located between a primary support 104 and a waterproof layer 105, two ends of each circumferential drainage pipe 101 are respectively bent towards one side of a corresponding side ditch 106 and extend to a side wall 1061 of the side ditch 106 close to one side of the primary support 104, the longitudinal drainage pipe 102 extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and two ends of the longitudinal drainage pipe 102 are both bent towards the corresponding side ditch 106, the end of the longitudinal drainage pipe 102 extends to a side wall 1061 of the side ditch 106 close to one side of the primary support 104, and the part of the longitudinal drainage pipe 102 and the circumferential drainage pipe 101 extending along the transverse direction after being bent is also referred to as a transverse drainage pipe 103.

With the construction of a large number of projects of tunnels in the southwest region of China, a relatively troublesome problem appears in drainage facilities: the phenomenon that calcified crystals appear in a tunnel drainage pipeline and deposit in the pipeline and at the pipe opening gradually aggravates along with the change of time, even the phenomenon that the pipeline is blocked, directly damages a waterproof and drainage system of tunnel engineering and has serious influence.

Through earlier stage site investigation and investigation work aiming at the problem by multiple scientific research and construction units, the calcified crystals in the drainage pipeline in the tunnel and the white crystals at the water seepage part on the surface of the primary branch are the same substances and are formed by the deposition of calcium carbonate and other mineral substances. Firstly, calcium carbonate is decomposed by water containing carbon dioxide to generate calcium bicarbonate solution; then the water solution flows down along the drainage blind pipe and the primary support wall in the tunnel until reaching a final water outlet, and at the moment, when the solution is contacted with air, a reverse chemical reaction is generated, and calcium carbonate is precipitated; and then lead to tunnel drainage pipe to produce white crystal in drill way position, first branch surface, similar to the stalactite in the karst region, its annual average growth rate is 0.13 millimeter to 3 millimeters, has all increased the degree of difficulty to tunnel construction and later maintenance use.

The existing tunnel drainage pipe automatic crystal removal structure and tunnel drainage system with the structure have the advantages that the pipe orifice is cleaned by adopting a physical rotary brush in the transverse drainage pipe, so that the problem that the drainage pipe is blocked by calcium crystals in the tunnel drainage pipe is solved. The structure can not fundamentally solve the problem of calcification crystallization plugging of the tunnel drain hole.

In addition, the existing research on calcium crystals of tunnel drainage pipelines mainly aims at tunnels in karst tunnels and limestone regions in southwest areas of China, and water quality of the tunnels contains a large amount of insoluble carbonate crystals. The problem of blockage found in the construction of the blue railway tunnel engineering is that the limestone sections exist, and the problems of the limestone sections and the non-limestone sections also occur, so the prior research technical achievements are not comprehensive, and the construction of all railway tunnel engineering cannot be effectively guided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tunnel drainage system for preventing the calcified crystal plugging of a drain hole, which can be applied to the prevention and treatment of calcified crystal plugging of the drain hole of a tunnel in a wide area, and can thoroughly solve the problem of calcified crystal deposition and plugging of a drain pipeline in the tunnel.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a construction method of the transverse drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system.

The third purpose of the invention is to provide another construction method of the transverse drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system.

The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide a construction method of a transverse drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system.

The fifth purpose of the invention is to provide a construction method of the transverse drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system.

In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention provides a tunnel drainage system for preventing a drainage hole from being calcified, crystallized and blocked, wherein the tunnel drainage system is arranged in a tunnel arch wall, the tunnel arch wall comprises a primary support, a waterproof layer and a secondary lining which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction of a tunnel, and the bottom of the tunnel arch wall is provided with a side ditch which extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; the tunnel drainage system comprises an annular drainage pipe, a longitudinal drainage pipe and a transverse drainage pipe, wherein the annular drainage pipe is positioned between the primary support and the waterproof layer, the longitudinal drainage pipe is embedded at the bottom of the tunnel arch wall and extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the inner end of the transverse drainage pipe is communicated with the longitudinal drainage pipe and/or the annular drainage pipe, and the water outlet end of the transverse drainage pipe extends to the side ditch; the inner wall of the transverse water drain pipe is smooth, the inclination of the transverse water drain pipe is more than or equal to 5%, and the water outlet end of the transverse water drain pipe is bent downwards.

By the scheme, the transverse water drain pipe is smooth in inner wall, large in inclination and downward bent at the end, so that the instantaneous water drainage speed of the water outlet end of the transverse water drain pipe contacting air is accelerated, the time of the water outlet end contacting air calcification reaction is reduced, crystals are not reserved and are not easy to crystallize and accumulate, the factor of inducing water gap crystallization in the existing scheme is reduced to the maximum extent, the overall structure is simple and effective in design, low in cost, convenient and fast to operate, good in implementation effect and capable of solving the problem that the drain pipe is blocked by the calcified crystals of the drain hole to the maximum extent. The tunnel drainage system is suitable for preventing and treating calcified crystal plugging of tunnel drain holes in wide areas, and thoroughly solves the problem of calcified crystal deposition and plugging of drain pipelines in tunnels.

The transverse water drain pipe comprises a pipe body made of hard PVC material and a filter layer wrapped outside the pipe body, and a plurality of water inlet holes are formed in the pipe wall of the pipe body in a penetrating mode.

Therefore, the inner wall of the pipe body made of the hard PVC material is smooth, and the water flow speed in the transverse drain pipe can be further improved.

According to a preferable scheme, a drain hole with the longitudinal gradient larger than or equal to 5% is drilled in the tunnel arch wall, the drain hole extends to the longitudinal drain pipe and/or the circumferential drain pipe from the first side wall of the side ditch close to one side of the tunnel arch wall, and the transverse drain pipe is installed in the drain hole.

One preferred scheme is that a drain hole with the longitudinal gradient larger than or equal to 5% is drilled in the tunnel arch wall, and the drain hole comprises a first drain hole section and a second drain hole section; the first drainage hole section extends to a longitudinal drainage pipe and/or an annular drainage pipe from a first side wall of one side ditch close to the tunnel arch wall, and the transverse drainage pipe is arranged in the first drainage hole section; and the second drainage hole section penetrates through the primary support from the longitudinal drainage pipe and extends into surrounding rocks on the radial outer side of the primary support, a PVC drainage pipe is arranged in the second drainage hole section, and the PVC drainage pipe is connected with the longitudinal drainage pipe.

Therefore, for the water-rich section and the section with serious crystals for the preliminary bracing of the surrounding rock in the tunnel, a PVC water drain pipe penetrating into the surrounding rock can be arranged, so that water enters the longitudinal water drainage pipe through the PVC water drain pipe and is then drained to the side ditch through the transverse water drain pipe.

In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides a construction method of a transverse water drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system, wherein a side ditch is positioned at a ditch cable groove section; after the construction of the cable trough section of the ditch is finished, the construction method of the transverse water drain pipe comprises the following steps: a drilling machine is adopted, a drain hole penetrates through the side ditch from the outer wall of the cable trough section of the ditch and is drilled towards one side of the primary support, the longitudinal gradient of the drain hole is more than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drain hole extends to a longitudinal drain pipe and/or an annular drain pipe; installing a transverse drain pipe to the drain hole; and (3) plugging the drilled hole on the outer wall of the cable trough section of the water ditch by adopting epoxy mortar or arranging a sealing plug in the drilled hole on the outer wall of the cable trough section of the water ditch.

By the scheme, the transverse water drain pipe is smooth in inner wall, large in inclination and downward bent at the end, so that the instantaneous water drainage speed of the water outlet end of the transverse water drain pipe contacting air is accelerated, the time of the water outlet end contacting air calcification reaction is reduced, crystals are not reserved and are not easy to crystallize and accumulate, the factor of inducing water gap crystallization in the existing scheme is reduced to the maximum extent, the overall structure is simple and effective in design, low in cost, convenient and fast to operate, good in implementation effect and capable of solving the problem that the drain pipe is blocked by the calcified crystals of the drain hole to the maximum extent. The tunnel drainage system is suitable for preventing and treating calcified crystal plugging of tunnel drain holes in wide areas, and thoroughly solves the problem of calcified crystal deposition and plugging of drain pipelines in tunnels. In addition, for the tunnel with the completed construction of the cable trough section of the water channel, a drilling machine can be adopted to penetrate through the side ditch from the outer wall of the cable trough section of the water channel and drill a water drainage hole towards one side of the primary support, and then the transverse water drainage pipe is installed in the water drainage hole. In addition, the sealing plug is arranged in the drill hole in the outer wall of the cable trough section of the water channel, so that the transverse water drain pipe can be maintained in the later period conveniently.

One preferred scheme is that the water outlet end of the transverse drain pipe extends downwards to a position close to the bottom wall of the side ditch, and the top of the bending position of the transverse drain pipe is provided with an exhaust hole.

Therefore, the water outlet end of the transverse water drain pipe extends downwards to the position close to the bottom wall of the side ditch, so that the water outlet end of the transverse water drain pipe is inserted into the position below the drainage surface in the side ditch, air can be isolated, the condition of chemical reaction is reduced, and the factors of the chemical reaction are reduced to the maximum extent. In addition, the mode that the vent hole is predetermine at the top solves the "airtight" phenomenon of atmospheric pressure that forms when the water level floods the play water end of horizontal outlet pipe in whole side ditch, and this mode can reduce the factor that calcification crystallization formed at the outlet of sluicing to a great extent, and the accessible changes elbow can realize in the later maintenance. Meanwhile, the problems of sealing and later maintenance of the drainage channel can be easily solved by utilizing the design of the exhaust holes.

The further proposal is that the distance between the end part of the water outlet end of the transverse drain pipe and the bottom wall of the side ditch is less than or equal to 3 cm.

Therefore, the end part of the water outlet end can extend into the position below the drainage surface of the side ditch.

In order to achieve the third object, the invention provides another construction method of a transverse drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system, wherein a side ditch is positioned at a cable trough section of the ditch; after the construction of the cable trough section of the ditch is finished, the construction method of the transverse drain pipe comprises the following steps: a drilling machine is adopted, a drain hole penetrates through the side ditch from the outer wall of the cable trough section of the ditch and is drilled towards one side of the primary support, the longitudinal gradient of the drain hole is more than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drain hole penetrates through the primary support and extends into surrounding rock on the radial outer side of the primary support; installing a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) drain pipe in a second drain hole section in the surrounding rock; a transverse drain pipe is arranged in the first drain hole section; and (3) plugging the drilled hole on the outer wall of the cable trough section of the water ditch by adopting epoxy mortar or arranging a sealing plug in the drilled hole on the outer wall of the cable trough section of the water ditch.

Therefore, for the water-rich section and the section with serious crystals for the preliminary bracing of the surrounding rock in the tunnel, a PVC water drain pipe penetrating into the surrounding rock can be arranged, so that water enters the longitudinal water drainage pipe through the PVC water drain pipe and is then drained to the side ditch through the transverse water drain pipe.

In order to achieve the fourth object, the invention provides another construction method of the transverse water drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system, wherein the side ditch is positioned at the cable trough section of the ditch, the bottom of the tunnel arch wall is provided with an inverted arch, the inverted arch and the secondary lining are connected through a short side wall, and the cable trough section of the ditch is positioned at one side of the short side wall far away from the primary support; after the construction of the short side wall is finished and before the construction of the cable trough section of the ditch, the construction method of the transverse water drain pipe comprises the following steps: drilling a drain hole from the side wall of the short side wall far away from the primary support side to the primary support side by using a drilling machine, wherein the longitudinal gradient of the drain hole is more than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drain hole extends to a longitudinal drain pipe and/or an annular drain pipe; a transverse downcomer is mounted to the weep hole.

Therefore, for the tunnel which is not constructed with the ditch cable trough section, a drilling machine can be adopted to drill a water drainage hole from the side wall of the short side wall far away from the primary support side to the primary support side, and then the transverse water drainage pipe is installed in the water drainage hole.

In order to achieve the fifth object, the invention provides a construction method of the transverse water drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system, wherein the side ditch is positioned at the cable trough section of the ditch, the bottom of the tunnel arch wall is provided with an inverted arch, the inverted arch is connected with the secondary lining through a short side wall, and the cable trough section of the ditch is positioned at one side of the short side wall far away from the primary support; after the construction of the short side wall is finished and before the construction of the cable trough section of the ditch, the construction method of the transverse water drain pipe comprises the following steps: drilling a drain hole from the side wall of the short side wall far away from the primary support side to the primary support side by using a drilling machine, wherein the longitudinal gradient of the drain hole is more than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drain hole penetrates through the primary support and extends into surrounding rocks on the radial outer side of the primary support; installing a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) drain pipe in a second drain hole section in the surrounding rock; a transverse downcomer is mounted in the first downcomer opening section.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional tunnel.

Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of a conventional tunnel drainage system.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a tunnel to which a first embodiment of the tunnel drainage system of the present invention is applied.

Fig. 4 is a partial structural view of a tunnel employing a first embodiment of the tunnel drainage system of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a tunnel drainage system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a transverse drain pipe in the first embodiment of the tunnel drainage system of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a partial structural view of a tunnel formed by a second embodiment of a method of constructing a lateral drain pipe of a tunnel drainage system according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a partial structural view of a tunnel employing a second embodiment of the tunnel drainage system of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a partial structural view of a tunnel formed by a fourth embodiment of a method of constructing a lateral drain pipe of a tunnel drainage system according to the present invention.

The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment of the construction method of a tunnel drainage system and a transverse drain pipe thereof comprises the following steps:

referring to fig. 3 to 5, the tunnel drainage system for preventing calcification crystallization plugging of the drainage hole of the present embodiment is disposed in a tunnel arch wall 10, the tunnel arch wall 10 includes a primary support 11, a waterproof layer 12 and a secondary lining 13 which are sequentially disposed from outside to inside in a radial direction of the tunnel, a bottom of the tunnel arch wall 10 is provided with an inverted arch 15 and a gutter cable trough section 14 extending in a longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the gutter cable trough section 14 is provided with a side gutter 141 and a cable trough 142 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The inverted arch 15 is connected to the secondary lining 13 by a short side wall 16, and the raceway section 14 is located on the side of the short side wall 16 remote from the primary support 11.

Tunnel drainage system includes a plurality of hoop drain pipes 2, a plurality of longitudinal drain pipe 3 and a plurality of horizontal outlet conduit 4, a plurality of hoop drain pipe 2 all are located between preliminary bracing 11 and the waterproof layer 12 and along the vertical parallel arrangement in proper order in tunnel, every hoop drain pipe 2's both ends are respectively towards the lateral ditch 141 lateral buckling that corresponds, a plurality of longitudinal drain pipe 3 all bury underground in tunnel arch wall 10's bottom and along the longitudinal extension in tunnel, the left and right sides in tunnel all is provided with a plurality of longitudinal drain pipe 3, and the longitudinal drain pipe 3 of tunnel homonymy arranges along the longitudinal separation in tunnel, every longitudinal drain pipe 3's both ends are all buckled towards lateral ditch 141. The left and right sides of every vertical version of lining cutting 100 in tunnel respectively has a hoop drain pipe 2, a longitudinal drain pipe 3 and three horizontal discharge conduit 4, and hoop drain pipe 2 is located the middle part of longitudinal drain pipe 3. And two of the three transverse drain pipes 4 positioned on the same side of each longitudinal plate of the tunnel lining 100 are respectively connected to two ends of the longitudinal drain pipe 3, and the other transverse drain pipe 4 is connected to the end part of the circumferential drain pipe 2.

The water outlet end of each transverse water drain pipe 4 transversely extends into the side ditch 141, the water outlet end of each transverse water drain pipe 4 is bent downwards and extends to a position close to the bottom wall 1411 of the side ditch 141, the distance between the end part of the water outlet end of each transverse water drain pipe 4 and the bottom wall 1411 of the side ditch 141 is less than or equal to 3 cm, and the inclination of each transverse water drain pipe 4 is greater than or equal to 5%.

The structure of hoop drain pipe 2 and longitudinal drain pipe 3 all is the same with prior art, and both all adopt the outside parcel to have the bellows of filter layer to hoop drain pipe 2 and longitudinal drain pipe 3 are the blind pipe, and the both ends of two drain pipes are all wrapped up the shutoff by filter layer 42 promptly.

Referring to fig. 6, the transverse drain pipe 4 comprises a pipe body 41 made of hard PVC material and a filter layer 42 wrapped outside the pipe body 41, the filter layer 42 is made of geotextile, the end of the pipe body 41 is wrapped and blocked by geotextile, and the connecting position of the transverse drain pipe 4 and the longitudinal drain pipe 3 is also wrapped and sealed by geotextile.

The inner wall of the pipe body 41 is smooth, a plurality of water inlet holes 410 are penetratingly formed in the pipe wall of the pipe body 41, the diameter of each water inlet hole 410 is in a range of 6 mm to 8 mm, two adjacent water inlet holes 410 are arranged in a staggered manner along the axial direction of the transverse drain pipe 4, and optionally, the distance d1 between the two adjacent water inlet holes 410 in the axial direction along the axial direction of the transverse drain pipe 4 is in a range of 30 cm to 40 cm; the distance d2 between two adjacent water inlet holes 410 along the circumference of the transverse drain pipe 4 ranges from 3 cm to 5 cm.

The pipe body 41 includes a drain pipe section 411, a first joint sleeve 412, a second joint sleeve 413, and a quarter bend 414, the drain pipe section 411 is connected to the end of the longitudinal drain pipe 3/annular drain pipe 2 by the second joint sleeve 413, the drain pipe section 411 is connected to the quarter bend 414 by the first joint sleeve 412, and the quarter bend 414 is located at the water outlet end of the transverse drain pipe 4. Preferably, the lower end of the quarter bend 414 extends to near the bottom wall 1411 of the side raceway 141; or a drain pipe extending in the vertical direction is connected to the lower end of the elbow 414, and the lower end of the drain pipe extends to a position near the bottom wall 1411 of the side gutter 141.

A plurality of drainage holes 17 with the longitudinal gradient larger than or equal to 5% are drilled in the tunnel arch wall 10, one part of the drainage holes 17 extend from the first side wall 143 of the side ditch 141 close to one side of the tunnel arch wall 10 to the end part of the longitudinal drainage pipe 3, the other part of the drainage holes 17 extend from the first side wall 143 of the side ditch 141 close to one side of the tunnel arch wall 10 to the end part of the circumferential drainage pipe 2, and the transverse drainage pipe 4 is installed in the drainage holes 17, so that the inclination of the transverse drainage pipe 4 is equal to the longitudinal gradient of the drainage holes 17.

The top of the elbow 414 on the transverse drain pipe 4 is provided with an exhaust hole 415, the exhaust hole 415 is a round hole, the diameter of the exhaust hole 415 is larger than 8 mm, and the water outlet end of the transverse drain pipe 4 is inserted into the side ditch 141 to be below the water discharge surface, so that air can be isolated, the chemical reaction conditions are reduced, and the chemical reaction factors are reduced to the maximum extent. Meanwhile, the problems of sealing and later maintenance of the drainage channel can be easily solved by using the design of the exhaust holes 415.

If the transverse drain pipe is arranged before the tunnel drainage system is laid, the longitudinal drain pipe 3 and the circumferential drain pipe 2 are only required to be cut short at the part extending towards the side ditch, and the transverse drain pipe 4 of the invention is arranged at the end part. If the transverse drainage pipe 4 is arranged after the construction of the ditch cable trough section 14 is finished, the specific construction method comprises the following steps. Firstly, a drilling machine is used for drilling a drainage hole 17 from the outer wall 144 of the ditch cable trough section 14 through the side ditch 141 and towards one side of the primary support 11 along the arrow direction in fig. 4, the longitudinal gradient of the drainage hole 17 is more than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drainage hole 17 extends to the longitudinal drain pipe 3 and/or the circumferential drain pipe 2. Next, the lateral drain pipes 4 are attached to the inside of the drain holes 17, and the inner ends of the lateral drain pipes 4 are connected to the corresponding second joint sleeves 413. Finally, epoxy mortar is used to block the bore 145 in the outer wall 144 of the raceway cable trough section 14 or a sealing plug is provided in the bore 145 in the outer wall 144 of the raceway cable trough section 14.

From the above, through setting up horizontal outlet pipe to that the inner wall is smooth, the inclination is big, and the mode that the tip is buckled downwards, thereby accelerated the outlet end contact air of horizontal outlet pipe drainage speed in the twinkling of an eye, and then reduced the time that the water that the outlet end came out contacts air calcification reaction, make its crystalline solid be difficult for preserving and should not the crystallization pile up, in addition, through inserting the outlet end of horizontal outlet pipe in the lateral ditch below the drainage face, can isolated air, thereby reduce the condition of chemical reaction, thereby reduced the factor that lures out the mouth of a river crystallization in current scheme to the at utmost, overall structure design is simple effective, low cost, convenient operation is swift, it is very good to implement the effect, the difficult problem that the drain pipe was blockked up to the outlet calcification crystalline solid has been solved to the at the utmost.

The tunnel drainage system is suitable for preventing and treating calcified crystal plugging of tunnel drain holes in wide areas, and thoroughly solves the problem of calcified crystal deposition and plugging of drain pipelines in tunnels. In addition, for the tunnel with the completed construction of the cable trough section of the water channel, a drilling machine can be adopted to penetrate through the side ditch from the outer wall of the cable trough section of the water channel and drill a water drainage hole towards one side of the primary support, and then the transverse water drainage pipe is installed in the water drainage hole. In addition, the sealing plug is arranged in the drilled hole in the outer wall of the cable trough section of the ditch, so that the maintenance of the transverse water drain pipe in the later period is facilitated.

The second embodiment of the construction method of the transverse drain pipe of the tunnel drainage system:

as a description of a second embodiment of the method for constructing a lateral drain pipe in a tunnel drainage system according to the present invention, only the differences from the first embodiment of the method for constructing a lateral drain pipe in a tunnel drainage system will be described below.

Referring to fig. 7, the transverse downcomer 24 of this embodiment is installed after the construction of the low side wall 216 and before the construction of the raceway cable trough section 214.

The construction method of the horizontal drainage pipe 24 of the embodiment includes: first, a drain hole 217 is drilled from a side wall 2161 of the low side wall 216 away from the primary support 211 toward the primary support 211 side using a drilling machine, and an inner end of the drain hole 217 extends to an end of the longitudinal drain pipe 23 and/or the circumferential drain pipe 2. Next, the lateral drain pipes 24 are installed in the drain holes 217 and the inner ends of the lateral drain pipes 24 are connected to the corresponding second joint boots 2413. The trench cable trough section 214 may then be constructed.

Second embodiment of tunnel drainage system:

as an explanation of the second embodiment of the tunnel drainage system of the present invention, only the differences from the first embodiment of the tunnel drainage system will be explained below.

Referring to fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the weep hole 317 includes a first weep hole section 3171 and a second weep hole section 3172. The first drainage hole 3171 extends from the first side wall 3411 of the side ditch 341 close to the tunnel arch wall 310 to the longitudinal drainage pipe 33, and the transverse drainage pipe 34 is installed in the first drainage hole 3171. The second drainage hole section 3172 penetrates through the primary support 311 from the longitudinal drainage pipe 33 and extends into the surrounding rock 300 on the radial outer side of the primary support 311, a PVC drainage pipe 35 is arranged in the second drainage hole section 3172, the PVC drainage pipe 35 is connected with the longitudinal drainage pipe 33, the depth of the drainage hole 317 extending in the surrounding rock 300 is greater than or equal to 2 meters, the structure of the PVC drainage pipe 35 is the same as that of the transverse drainage pipe 34, and is not described herein any more, and one end, away from the transverse drainage pipe 34, of the PVC drainage pipe 35 is wrapped and blocked by a filtering layer such as geotextile. In this embodiment, the drainage holes 317 are located at both ends of the longitudinal drainage pipe 33, only the first drainage hole section 3171 is opened at the end of the circumferential drainage pipe, and the inner end of the transverse drainage pipe 34 installed in the first drainage hole section 3171 is connected to the end of the circumferential drainage pipe.

A third embodiment of a construction method of a transverse drain pipe of a tunnel drainage system:

the construction method of the transverse drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system in the embodiment is a construction method for the second embodiment of the tunnel drainage system.

Referring to fig. 8, if the transverse drain pipe 34 in the second embodiment of the tunnel drainage system is installed after the construction of the trench cable trough section 314 is completed, the specific construction method thereof includes the following steps. Firstly, a drilling machine is adopted, a drainage hole 317 is drilled from the outer wall 3141 of the ditch cable trough section 314 through the side ditch 341 and towards one side of the primary support 311, the longitudinal gradient of the drainage hole 317 is more than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drainage hole 317 penetrates through the primary support 311 and extends into the surrounding rock 300 on the radial outer side of the primary support 311. Next, a PVC downcomer 35 is installed in a second downcomer section 3172 within the surrounding rock 300. Next, the horizontal drain pipe 34 is installed in the first drain hole section 3171, the PVC drain pipe 35, the vertical drain pipe 33, and the horizontal drain pipe 34 are connected by a tee joint, and the horizontal drain pipe 34 and the circumferential drain pipe are connected by a second joint pipe. Finally, epoxy mortar is used to seal off the bore 3140 in the outer wall 3141 of the raceway cable trough section 314 or a sealing plug is provided in the bore 3140 in the outer wall 3141 of the raceway cable trough section 314.

Therefore, for the water-rich section and the section with serious crystals for the preliminary bracing of the surrounding rock in the tunnel, a PVC water drain pipe penetrating into the surrounding rock can be arranged, so that water enters the longitudinal water drainage pipe through the PVC water drain pipe and is then drained to the side ditch through the transverse water drain pipe.

A fourth embodiment of the construction method of a transverse drain pipe of a tunnel drainage system:

the construction method of the transverse drain pipe in the tunnel drainage system in the embodiment is another construction method for the second embodiment of the tunnel drainage system.

Referring to fig. 9, the transverse downcomer 34 of this embodiment is installed after the low side wall 316 construction is completed and before the raceway section 314 is constructed.

The construction method of the horizontal drainage pipe 34 of the embodiment includes: a drainage hole 317 is drilled from the side wall 3161 of the short side wall 316 on the side away from the preliminary bracing 311 toward the preliminary bracing 311 side by using a drilling machine, and the inner end of the drainage hole 317 penetrates the preliminary bracing 311 and extends into the surrounding rock 300 on the radial outer side of the preliminary bracing 311. Next, a PVC downcomer 35 is installed in a second downcomer section 3172 within the surrounding rock 300. Finally, a transverse drain pipe 34 is installed in the first drain hole section 3171, the PVC drain pipe 35, the longitudinal drain pipe 33 and the transverse drain pipe 34 are connected by a tee joint, and the transverse drain pipe 34 and the circumferential drain pipe are connected by a second joint casing. The trench cable trough section 314 can then be constructed.

In addition, the two ends of the annular drainage pipe can also be connected with the corresponding longitudinal drainage pipe through a tee joint, so that the transverse drainage pipe is only arranged at the two ends of the longitudinal drainage pipe. The shape and size of the vent holes may be varied as desired. The distance between the end part of the water outlet end of the transverse drain pipe and the bottom wall of the side ditch can also be larger than 3 cm, namely the transverse drain pipe can also be close to or higher than the water surface of the side ditch. The above-described modifications also achieve the object of the present invention.

Finally, it should be emphasized that the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention are merely examples of implementations, not limitations, and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and any changes, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (10)

1. A tunnel drainage system is arranged in a tunnel arch wall, the tunnel arch wall comprises a primary support, a waterproof layer and a secondary lining which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction of a tunnel, and the bottom of the tunnel arch wall is provided with a side ditch which extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel;

the tunnel drainage system comprises an annular drainage pipe, a longitudinal drainage pipe and a transverse drainage pipe, wherein the annular drainage pipe is positioned between the primary support and the waterproof layer, the longitudinal drainage pipe is embedded at the bottom of the tunnel arch wall and extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the inner end of the transverse drainage pipe is communicated with the longitudinal drainage pipe and/or the annular drainage pipe, and the water outlet end of the transverse drainage pipe extends to the side ditch;

the method is characterized in that:

the inner wall of the transverse water drain pipe is smooth, the inclination of the transverse water drain pipe is greater than or equal to 5%, and the water outlet end of the transverse water drain pipe is bent downwards.

2. The tunnel drainage system of claim 1, wherein:

the horizontal drain pipe comprises a pipe body made of hard PVC materials and a filter layer wrapped outside the pipe body, and a plurality of water inlet holes are formed in the pipe wall of the pipe body in a penetrating mode.

3. The tunnel drainage system of claim 1 or 2, wherein:

the tunnel arch wall is internally drilled with a water drainage hole with the longitudinal gradient larger than or equal to 5%, the water drainage hole extends to the longitudinal water drainage pipe and/or the circumferential water drainage pipe from the first side wall of the side ditch close to one side of the tunnel arch wall, and the transverse water drainage pipe is arranged in the water drainage hole.

4. The tunnel drainage system of claim 1 or 2, wherein:

a drain hole with the longitudinal gradient larger than or equal to 5% is drilled in the tunnel arch wall, and the drain hole comprises a first drain hole section and a second drain hole section;

the first drainage hole section extends to the longitudinal drainage pipe and/or the circumferential drainage pipe from the first side wall of the side ditch close to one side of the tunnel arch wall, and the transverse drainage pipe is arranged in the first drainage hole section;

the second drainage hole section penetrates through the primary support from the longitudinal drainage pipe and extends into surrounding rocks on the radial outer side of the primary support, a PVC drainage pipe is arranged in the second drainage hole section, and the PVC drainage pipe is connected with the longitudinal drainage pipe.

5. A method of constructing a transverse drain pipe in a tunnel drainage system, wherein the tunnel drainage system is as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, and the side gutters are located in a gutter cable trough section;

after the construction of the ditch cable trough section is completed, the construction method of the transverse water drain pipe comprises the following steps:

a drilling machine is adopted, a drain hole penetrates through the side ditch from the outer wall of the cable trough section of the ditch and is drilled towards one side of the primary support, the longitudinal gradient of the drain hole is more than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drain hole extends to the longitudinal drain pipe and/or the circumferential drain pipe;

mounting the transverse downcomer to the weep hole;

and adopting epoxy mortar to plug the drilled hole on the outer wall of the ditch cable trough section or arranging a sealing plug in the drilled hole on the outer wall of the ditch cable trough section.

6. The construction method according to claim 5, wherein:

the water outlet end of the transverse water drain pipe extends downwards to a position close to the bottom wall of the side ditch, and the top of the bending position of the transverse water drain pipe is provided with an exhaust hole.

7. The construction method according to claim 6, wherein:

the distance between the end part of the water outlet end of the transverse drain pipe and the bottom wall of the side ditch is less than or equal to 3 cm.

8. A construction method of a transverse water drain pipe in a tunnel drainage system, wherein the tunnel drainage system is the tunnel drainage system as claimed in claim 4, and the side ditches are positioned in a ditch cable trough section;

after the construction of the ditch cable trough section is completed, the construction method of the transverse water drain pipe comprises the following steps:

a drilling machine is adopted, a drain hole penetrates through the side ditch from the outer wall of the ditch cable trough section and is drilled towards one side of the primary support, the longitudinal gradient of the drain hole is more than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drain hole penetrates through the primary support and extends into surrounding rocks on the radial outer side of the primary support;

installing the PVC downcomer in the second downcomer section within the surrounding rock;

installing the transverse downcomer in the first downcomer section;

and adopting epoxy mortar to plug the drilled hole on the outer wall of the ditch cable trough section or arranging a sealing plug in the drilled hole on the outer wall of the ditch cable trough section.

9. A construction method of a transverse drain pipe in a tunnel drainage system, wherein the tunnel drainage system is the tunnel drainage system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, the side ditch is located in a ditch cable trough section, an inverted arch is arranged at the bottom of a tunnel arch wall, the inverted arch is connected with the secondary lining through a short side wall, and the ditch cable trough section is located on one side of the short side wall away from primary support;

after the construction of the short side wall is finished and before the construction of the cable trough section of the ditch, the construction method of the transverse water drain pipe comprises the following steps:

drilling a drain hole from the side wall of the short side wall far away from the primary support side to the primary support side by using a drilling machine, wherein the longitudinal gradient of the drain hole is greater than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drain hole extends to a longitudinal drain pipe and/or the circumferential drain pipe;

mounting the transverse downcomer to the weep hole.

10. A construction method of a transverse water drain pipe in a tunnel drainage system, wherein the tunnel drainage system is the tunnel drainage system as claimed in claim 4, the side ditch is positioned in a ditch cable trough section, the bottom of a tunnel arch wall is provided with an inverted arch, the inverted arch is connected with the secondary lining through a short side wall, and the ditch cable trough section is positioned on one side of the short side wall away from a primary support;

after the construction of the short side wall is finished and before the construction of the cable trough section of the ditch, the construction method of the transverse water drain pipe comprises the following steps:

drilling a drainage hole from the side wall of the short side wall far away from the primary support side to the primary support side by using a drilling machine, wherein the longitudinal gradient of the drainage hole is greater than or equal to 5%, and the inner end of the drainage hole penetrates through the primary support and extends into surrounding rocks on the radial outer side of the primary support;

installing the PVC downcomer in the second downcomer section within the surrounding rock;

and installing the transverse downcomer in the first weep hole section.

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