CN220434826U - A tunnel waterproof and drainage structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunnel anti-drainage structure, which includes a permeable layer, initial support, anti-drainage layer, secondary lining, longitudinal drainage pipe, transverse drainage pipe and tunnel surrounding rock. The permeable layer is arranged on the initial support and tunnel surrounding rock. Between the rocks, the anti-drainage layer is set between the initial support and the secondary lining. The longitudinal drainage pipe is connected to the anti-drainage layer, and the longitudinal drainage pipe is connected to the transverse drainage pipe. The traditional "circular semi-circular pipe + The "longitudinal blind pipe" combination increases the drainage path behind the primary branch, reduces the installation process of circumferential semicircular pipes, is easy to install, and has good drainage effects. By adding a drainage layer, it can greatly increase the speed of surrounding rock seepage into the longitudinal drainage pipe. Reduce the water seepage in the initial support, reduce the water pressure on the waterproof board, and reduce the risk of water leakage in the lining.

Description

A tunnel waterproof and drainage structure

Technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunnel waterproofing and drainage, and specifically relates to a tunnel waterproofing and drainage structure.

Background technique

During the tunnel excavation process, construction disturbance destroyed the stable seepage conditions of groundwater in the original surrounding rock mass, causing the tunnel body to become a place where groundwater is discharged outward in different forms (seepage, trickle, strand flow, large-scale water inrush, etc.) Underground corridors cause sudden water disasters. The structure of the tunnel waterproof and drainage system in the tunnel arch wall in the prior art is as follows: a drainage layer composed of geotextile and a solid plate-shaped drainage board is provided at the tunnel arch wall, and a circumferential blind pipe and wall footing are provided at the tunnel arch wall. The drainage system behind the lining consists of longitudinal blind pipes, which are introduced into the tunnel's drainage side ditches or central ditches.

When there is water seepage on the rock surface, and the water volume and pressure are relatively small, shotcrete is generally used to block the water in combination with the initial support, and semi-circular pipes are laid in the cracks, and the water enters the longitudinal drainage pipes along the semi-circular pipes. However, after blasting, there are many places where water may seep into the cracks in the rock surface, and the area is relatively large. At this time, only a semi-circular pipe cannot completely cover the cracks to meet the drainage needs, so that the seepage water behind the initial support cannot be drained as much as possible. , if a large amount of water seeps out of the primary branch, it will bring the risk of water seepage and leakage to the tunnel.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a tunnel waterproof and drainage structure to overcome the technical problem in the existing tunnel waterproof and drainage system that water seepage from cracks behind the initial support cannot be discharged as much as possible.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A tunnel waterproof and drainage structure, including a permeable layer, initial support, waterproof and drainage layer, secondary lining, longitudinal drainage pipe, transverse drainage pipe and tunnel surrounding rock. The permeable layer is set between the initial support and the tunnel surrounding rock. The secondary lining is set inside the primary support, the anti-drainage layer is set between the primary support and the secondary lining, the longitudinal drainage pipes are set on both sides of the tunnel, the longitudinal drainage pipes are located between the permeable layer and the primary support, along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel A number of transverse drainage pipes are arranged at intervals, and the longitudinal drainage pipes and the transverse drainage pipes are connected through tee pipes.

Preferably, the water-permeable layer is made of metal material or polymer material.

Preferably, a drainage side ditch is provided at the bottom of the secondary lining.

Preferably, the secondary lining side walls are provided with cable troughs.

Preferably, the diameter of the longitudinal drainage pipe is 80-120mm, and the diameter of the transverse drainage pipe is 80-120mm.

Preferably, the longitudinal drainage pipe is a half-perforated PE pipe, and the horizontal drainage pipe is a PE corrugated pipe.

Preferably, horizontal drainage pipes are installed every five meters with a slope of not less than 2%.

Preferably, gravel is filled between the longitudinal drainage pipe and the anti-drainage layer.

Preferably, the waterproof and drainage layer includes geotextile and waterproof board, and the geotextile and waterproof board are arranged inside the secondary lining.

Preferably, the longitudinal drainage pipe and the transverse drainage pipe are connected through a tee pipe.

Compared with the existing technology, this utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:

The utility model is a tunnel anti-drainage structure, which includes a permeable layer, primary support, anti-drainage layer, secondary lining, longitudinal drainage pipe, transverse drainage pipe and tunnel surrounding rock. The permeable layer replaces the traditional "circular semicircular pipe + The "longitudinal blind pipe" combination increases the drainage path behind the initial support and reduces the installation process of circumferential semicircular pipes. It is easy to install and has good drainage effect. By adding a drainage layer, it can greatly increase the speed of the surrounding rock seepage into the longitudinal drainage pipe. , reduce the water seepage in the initial support, reduce the water pressure on the waterproof board, and reduce the risk of water leakage in the lining.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a lateral schematic diagram of a tunnel waterproof and drainage structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an overall schematic diagram of a tunnel waterproof and drainage structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the position A in Figure 1 of the present invention.

In the picture, 1-permeable layer; 2-initial support; 3-waterproof and drainage layer; 3-1 geotextile; 3-2 waterproof board; 4-secondary lining; 5-longitudinal drainage pipe; 6-transverse drainage pipe; 7-Drainage side ditch; 8-Cable trough; 9-Tunnel surrounding rock; 10-Gravel.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present utility model, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the description The embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. . It is to be understood that the data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, e.g., a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that encompasses a series of steps or units and need not be limited to those explicitly listed. Those steps or elements may instead include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to the process, method, product or apparatus.

As shown in Figure 1-3, a tunnel waterproof and drainage structure of the present invention includes a permeable layer 1, an initial support 2, a waterproof and drainage layer 3 and a secondary lining 4, a longitudinal drainage pipe 5, a transverse drainage pipe 6, and a drainage side ditch. 7. Cable trough 8, tunnel surrounding rock 9 and gravel 10.

The water-permeable layer 1 is placed between the initial support 2 and the tunnel surrounding rock 9. The water-permeable layer 1 is laid out at the seepage part of the tunnel surrounding rock 9. The water-permeable layer 1 can be made of geotechnical mats, spinneret mats, etc. Material composition can also be made of metal materials or polymer materials. Polymer materials include rubber, plastics, fibers, coatings and adhesives, etc. Metal materials include iron, copper and other metals, which can be made of metal materials or polymer materials. The water permeable layer allows the water permeable layer 1 to have a large space for water flow, thereby allowing the seepage water from the tunnel surrounding rock 9 to flow downward quickly after flowing into the water permeable layer 1, and finally flows into the longitudinal drainage pipe 5 for discharge.

The secondary lining 4 is arranged on the lower surface of the initial support 2, and the anti-drainage layer 3 is arranged between the secondary lining 4 and the lower surface of the initial support 2. The anti-drainage layer 3 is used to absorb the seepage water from the initial support 2 to Longitudinal drainage pipe 5 and prevent water seepage from the initial support 2 from penetrating into the secondary lining 4; the anti-drainage layer 3 includes a geotextile 3-1 and a waterproof board 3-2. The geotextile 3-1 is mainly used to connect the initial support to the secondary lining 4. The seepage water from 2 seeps into the longitudinal drainage pipe; the waterproof board 3-2 is used to block the water flow and prevent the seepage water from the initial support 2 from seeping into the secondary lining 4 again.

The longitudinal drainage pipe 5 is arranged on both sides of the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage pipe 5 is connected to the anti-drainage layer 3. The diameter of the longitudinal drainage pipe 5 is 80-120mm. In one embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal drainage pipe 5 adopts a diameter of 110mm. A half-faced PE pipe with holes perforated; a number of transverse drainage pipes 6 are arranged at longitudinal intervals along the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage pipes 5 and the transverse drainage pipes 6 are connected. In one embodiment, the longitudinal drainage pipes 5 and the transverse drainage pipes 6 pass through three The pipes are connected. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal drainage pipe 5 and the transverse drainage pipe 6 are connected through a plastic tee pipe. The longitudinal drainage pipe 5 and the transverse drainage pipe 6 are used to drain water from the permeable layer 1 and the waterproof drainage pipe. The seepage water in layer 3 is discharged to the drainage side ditch 7 through the transverse drainage pipe 6. The drainage side ditch 7 finally discharges the seepage water out of the tunnel. The stone drainage side ditch is set at the bottom of the secondary lining 4.

The diameter of the transverse drainage pipe 6 is 80-120 mm. In one embodiment of the present utility model, the longitudinal drainage pipe 5 and the transverse drainage pipe 6 are connected through a plastic tee pipe. The horizontal drainage pipe 6 adopts a PE corrugated pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. The horizontal drainage pipe 6 is arranged every five meters, and the slope of the horizontal drainage pipe 6 is not less than 2%.

When the permeable layer 1 is connected to the anti-drainage layer 3 and the longitudinal drainage pipe 6, bend the permeable layer 1 and the anti-drainage layer 3, wrap the longitudinal drainage pipe 5, and fill the space between the longitudinal drainage pipe 5 and the anti-drainage layer 3 with gravel. 10 is used for filtration to prevent large particles of sand, stones, etc. from clogging the longitudinal drainage pipes.

The cable trough 8 is set on the side wall of the secondary lining 4. The cable trough 8 is used to store various cables, lines and other materials. There is a drain hole at the bottom of the cable trough 8. If there is water accumulation, the accumulated water can be discharged to the Drainage side ditch 7.

The utility model provides a tunnel waterproof and drainage structure, and is equipped with specific usage methods, as follows:

After tunnel blasting and excavation, water leakage occurs in the surrounding rock. If the area is large, mesh materials such as geotechnical mats or spinneret meshes should be cut to a suitable width, usually 2m, and laid instead of circumferential drainage blind pipes. On the surface of the surrounding rock, concrete is then sprayed for initial support. Then apply the geotextile waterproof board, and finally carry out the secondary lining.

The diameter of the longitudinal drainage blind pipe is 80 to 120 mm. In this embodiment, a half-perforated PE pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is used as the longitudinal drainage blind pipe. The diameter of the horizontal drainage blind pipe is 80-120mm. In this embodiment, a PE corrugated pipe with a diameter of 110mm is used as the horizontal drainage blind pipe, and one is installed every five meters, with a slope of not less than 2%. The horizontal drainage pipes and the longitudinal drainage pipes are connected through plastic tees. When the permeable layer is connected to the waterproof and drainage layer and the longitudinal drainage pipe, bend the permeable layer and the waterproof and drainage layer, wrap the perforated longitudinal drainage pipe on the upper half, and fill the middle with gravel for filtering to prevent blockage by large particles of sand, stones, etc. Longitudinal drain pipe.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a drainage structure is prevented to tunnel, a serial communication port, including permeable bed (1), primary support (2), prevent drainage layer (3), secondary lining (4), vertical drain pipe (5), horizontal drain pipe (6) and tunnel surrounding rock (9), permeable bed (1) set up between primary support (2) and tunnel surrounding rock (9), secondary lining (4) set up at primary support (2) lower surface, prevent drainage layer (3) set up between primary support (2) lower surface and secondary lining (4), vertical drain pipe (5) set up in the both sides of tunnel, vertical drain pipe (5) are connected with preventing drainage layer (3), be provided with a plurality of horizontal drain pipes (6) along tunnel longitudinal interval, vertical drain pipe (5) and horizontal drain pipe (6) intercommunication.

2. A tunnel water-proof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-permeable layer (1) is made of a metal material or a polymer material.

3. A tunnel water-repellent structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary lining (4) is provided with drainage side channels (7) at the bottom.

4. A tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the secondary lining (4) side wall is provided with a cable trench (8).

5. A tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the longitudinal drain pipe (5) is 80-120 mm and the diameter of the transverse drain pipe (6) is 80-120 mm.

6. A tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal drain pipe (5) is a half-perforated PE pipe and the transverse drain pipe (6) is a PE corrugated pipe.

7. A tunnel water-proof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse drainage pipe (6) is arranged every five meters with a gradient of not less than 2%.

8. A tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the longitudinal drainage pipe (5) is filled with gravel (10) intermediate the drainage layer (3).

9. A tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage layer (3) comprises geotextile (3-1) and a waterproof board (3-2), the geotextile (3-1) and the waterproof board (3-2) being arranged inside the secondary lining (4).

10. A tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the longitudinal drainage pipe (5) is in communication with the transverse drainage pipe (6) via a tee.