CN114507806A - Low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rail production process - Google Patents
Low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rail production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114507806A CN114507806A CN202210023069.0A CN202210023069A CN114507806A CN 114507806 A CN114507806 A CN 114507806A CN 202210023069 A CN202210023069 A CN 202210023069A CN 114507806 A CN114507806 A CN 114507806A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010039897 Sedation Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036280 sedation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
- B21B1/085—Rail sections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rail production process, which mainly aims to solve the technical problem of production of low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rails in high altitude and low-temperature environments so as to meet the requirements on toughness of the steel rail in alpine regions, prolong the service life of the steel rail and improve the service safety of the steel rail. According to the invention, through researching the influence rule of low-carbon low-temperature-resistant pearlite rail steel structure transformation and the like, a certain C content is reduced, and on the basis of ensuring the strength of steel, excellent toughness and weldability are obtained. Mn element is added to delay the transformation of high-temperature ferrite and reduce the formation of net ferrite; proper amount of low-Si alloy elements are added, the cooling hardenability of steel is increased, the content of eutectoid point C of the steel rail is improved, and the precipitation amount of proeutectoid ferrite in the pearlite transformation process is regulated and controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgical materials, in particular to a low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rail production process.
Background
In recent years, railway laying and opening gradually change from plain areas to plateaus and extend from climatic pleasant places to severe cold areas, the service environment of the steel rail is more complex and severe, the steel rail is required to work under more severe conditions, and the requirement on the low temperature resistance of the steel rail is higher. Meanwhile, the steel rail is a very important safety component in the railway track. With the traffic of Qinghai-Tibet railways, the requirements of China on steel rails reach a new height. The Qinghai-Tibet railway is the longest railway passing through plateau, high and cold, oxygen-poor and continuous permafrost areas in the world at present, and the Qinghai-Tibet railway usually experiences a low-temperature climate below 40 ℃ in the use process, and has stricter requirements on the low-temperature toughness of steel rails. At low temperature, the mechanical properties of the steel material of the steel rail obviously change compared with the normal temperature, and the strength of the steel material is improved and the toughness is rapidly reduced along with the continuous reduction of the temperature, so that the possibility of brittle failure of the steel rail at low temperature is greatly increased.
The steel rail belongs to non-replaceable industrial products with life safety concerns, is an important component and a loss part of railway transportation, and is counted by medium-sized iron and material companies according to the demand quantity respectively, so that the domestic annual steel rail needs about 150 ten thousand tons. According to statistics, the international market is steadily increased every year, and the market demand is continuously increased. Therefore, in order to meet the special requirements of the Qinghai-Tibet railway on the steel rail in special geographic environments and climatic environments and to realize the desires of low cost, maintenance-free and less maintenance of the Qinghai-Tibet railway, the low-cost and low-temperature resistant performance test research is carried out on the steel rail, and the development of the low-cost and low-temperature resistant steel rail with excellent performance has very important production and economic significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The method mainly aims to solve the technical problems of low cost, low temperature resistance and other performance of steel rails in high altitude and low temperature environment, so as to meet the toughness requirement of the steel rail for the high and cold area, prolong the service life of the steel rail and improve the service safety of the steel rail. According to the invention, through researching the influence rule of low-carbon low-temperature-resistant pearlite rail steel structure transformation and the like, a certain C content is reduced, and on the basis of ensuring the strength of steel, excellent toughness and weldability are obtained. Mn is added to delay the transformation of high-temperature ferrite and reduce the formation of net ferrite; proper amount of low-Si alloy elements are added, the cooling hardenability of steel is increased, the content of eutectoid point C of the steel rail is improved, and the precipitation amount of proeutectoid ferrite in the pearlite transformation process is regulated and controlled.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rail production process, which comprises the following key steps:
1) pretreating molten iron: controlling the fluctuation range of the content of P in the molten iron components, and adopting low [ P ] molten iron in order to avoid the phenomenon that P generates intercrystalline segregation in the cooling process of the pearlite steel rail;
2) smelting in a converter: the converter end point adopts medium carbon drawn steel, the range of carbon content of converter tapping is controlled to be 0.65-0.70%, and the medium carbon in the steel is subjected to narrow component control in the whole process of the smelting process;
3) refining in an LF furnace: according to production requirements, LF adopts refining slag with medium alkalinity and strong reducibility to treat molten steel; the composition and the temperature of the off-position molten steel meet the VD treatment requirement;
4) VD vacuum degassing: the VD vacuum treatment soft blowing time is more than 15min, the average time is 19min, and the sedation time after soft blowing is required to be more than 10 min;
5) continuous casting: the superheat degree of the continuous casting molten steel is between 16 ℃ and 25 ℃, the fluctuation range is small, and the constant drawing speed is adopted;
6) casting blank sulfur mark and low power: after U75V rail steel is smelted and continuously cast, taking a continuous casting billet from each furnace for sulfur seal inspection, and grading according to the casting billet acceptance standard;
7) rolling: a walking beam type heating furnace is used for heating steel billets in a rail beam factory, a heating process is formulated to ensure a high initial rolling temperature as much as possible, accurate control of steel rail tissue piece spacing refinement is achieved, and meanwhile blank scrapping caused by overburning due to overhigh temperature is prevented.
Furthermore, the sedation time after soft blow is 21-35 min.
Further, sedation time after soft-blow was 28 min.
Further, in the step 7), the temperature of the square billet heating preheating section is not lower than 800 ℃; the tapping temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1060-1130 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 910-940 ℃.
Further, the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.65-0.70% of C, 0.30-0.40% of Si, 1.10-1.20% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, Fe and inevitable impurities
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the steel rail disclosed by the invention adopts a low-carbon narrow component control (0.65-0.70), is relatively low in carbon equivalent, is excellent in toughness and toughness matching, and has better weldability and low-temperature brittle fracture resistance. And foreign countries mostly adopt more than 0.70 percent of carbon and more than 1.20 percent of Mn, so that the carbon equivalent and the manufacturing cost are relatively high, and the welding performance and the low-temperature toughness are relatively low. Compared with the steel rail researched and developed at home and abroad and applied to the high-altitude low-temperature environment, the steel rail has the advantages of weldability and toughness.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a simulation of low temperature resistant rail cooling;
FIG. 2 is a cooling curve of a steel rail actually measured on site;
FIG. 3 shows a low temperature resistant pearlite rail microstructure.
Detailed Description
Determining the novel steel rail to adopt low-carbon steel, and determining the specific component range;
TABLE 1 Low temperature resistant Steel Rail chemical composition (% by mass)
(2) And (3) combining the temperature field simulation and the actual steel rail mechanical property detection corresponding result, providing a cooling control temperature interval, which is shown in figure 1. The relationship between different cooling conditions and corresponding organizations is established, and guidance can be provided for industrial production.
(3) The low temperature resistant pearlite steel rail industrial production realizes narrow component control, clean smelting and the like, realizes the designed high-toughness steel rail, and has excellent steel rail performance:
1) the [ P ] of the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.18 percent, the converter is stably operated, and the low-P smelting is realized by tapping and slag stopping.
2) The cleanliness control target of [ H + O + N + P + S ] less than or equal to 330ppm is realized by adopting measures of controlling the water content of the raw and auxiliary materials, optimizing a degassing process and the like, and after 2019 years, the actual production can be basically controlled to be less than or equal to 250ppm of [ H + O + N + P + S ].
3) Electromagnetic stirring of the crystallizer is optimized, the current intensity (250-.
4) The designed micro ferrite and pearlite structure of the steel rail is realized by controlling a rolling process: square billet → saw cutting → heating → BD1 rolling → BD2 rolling → CCS universal mill tandem rolling → online waste heat quenching → saw cutting → cooling → head and tail cutting → straightening → inspection → packaging → weighing → warehousing. The temperature of a square billet heating preheating section is not lower than 800 ℃; the tapping temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1060-1130 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 910-940 ℃. The heating process is formulated to ensure a higher initial rolling temperature as much as possible, the precise control of the spacing refinement of the steel rail tissue pieces is realized by optimizing cooling equipment and the cooling process of a cooling bed, and simultaneously the rejection of blanks caused by overburning due to overhigh temperature is prevented.
The formation of net ferrite is inhibited, the excellent comprehensive performance of the steel rail is ensured, and the impact energy and the fracture toughness of the product are greatly improved compared with the prior pearlite steel rail U71 Mn.
TABLE 2 comparison of physical properties of low-temperature resistant rails and ordinary pearlitic rails
The invention utilizes a steel-coated heavy rail production line (converter-LF-VD-continuous casting-universal mill) to realize the thinning of the distance between the tissue slices and the performance stability by controlling the carbon narrow components, smelting cleaning and rolling technology and produce the pearlite steel rail with excellent low-temperature toughness in batches. By researching the mutual relation among rolling, phase change control and temperature, structure and phase change, the structure fine control of the low-temperature-resistant steel rail with high toughness is realized, and a steel rail product performance full-flow stable control technology is formed.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rail production process is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following key steps:
1) pretreating molten iron: controlling the fluctuation range of the content of P in the molten iron components, and adopting low [ P ] molten iron in order to avoid the phenomenon that P generates intercrystalline segregation in the cooling process of the pearlite steel rail;
2) smelting in a converter: the converter end point adopts medium carbon drawn steel, the range of carbon content of converter tapping is controlled to be 0.65-0.70%, and the medium carbon in the steel is subjected to narrow component control in the whole process of the smelting process;
3) refining in an LF furnace: according to production requirements, LF adopts refining slag with medium alkalinity and strong reducibility to treat molten steel; the composition and the temperature of the off-position molten steel meet the VD treatment requirement;
4) VD vacuum degassing: the VD vacuum treatment soft blowing time is more than 15min, the average time is 19min, and the sedation time after soft blowing is required to be more than 10 min;
5) continuous casting: the superheat degree of the continuous casting molten steel is between 16 ℃ and 25 ℃, the fluctuation range is small, and the constant drawing speed is adopted;
6) casting blank sulfur mark and low power: after the U75V rail steel is smelted and continuously cast, taking a continuous casting billet from each furnace for sulfur seal inspection, and grading according to the casting billet acceptance standard;
7) rolling: a walking beam type heating furnace is used for heating steel billets in a rail beam factory, a heating process is formulated to ensure a high initial rolling temperature as much as possible, accurate control of steel rail tissue piece spacing refinement is achieved, and meanwhile blank scrapping caused by overburning due to overhigh temperature is prevented.
2. The process for producing low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rails according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the sedation time after soft blow is 21-35 min.
3. The process for producing low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rails according to claim 2, wherein the process comprises the following steps: sedation time 28min after soft blow.
4. The process for producing low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rails according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the step 7), the temperature of the square billet heating preheating section is not lower than 800 ℃; the tapping temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1060-1130 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 910-940 ℃.
5. The process for producing low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rails according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.65-0.70% of C, 0.30-0.40% of Si, 1.10-1.20% of Mn1, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, Fe and inevitable impurities.
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| CN202210023069.0A CN114507806A (en) | 2022-01-10 | 2022-01-10 | Low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rail production process |
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| CN202210023069.0A CN114507806A (en) | 2022-01-10 | 2022-01-10 | Low-cost low-temperature-resistant steel rail production process |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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2022
- 2022-01-10 CN CN202210023069.0A patent/CN114507806A/en active Pending
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|---|
| 朱荣等: "《炼钢过程典型案例分析》", 31 July 2017, 冶金工业出版社 * |
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