CN113388778A - Production method of high-low temperature fracture toughness steel rail - Google Patents
Production method of high-low temperature fracture toughness steel rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN113388778A CN113388778A CN202110529558.9A CN202110529558A CN113388778A CN 113388778 A CN113388778 A CN 113388778A CN 202110529558 A CN202110529558 A CN 202110529558A CN 113388778 A CN113388778 A CN 113388778A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
- B21B1/085—Rail sections
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a high-low temperature fracture toughness steel rail, which utilizes a heat treatment process to improve the strength and the hardness of the steel rail, simultaneously reasonably designs components and adds optimal Si, Mn, Cr and V alloy elements into the steel rail, and can improve the performances of the steel rail such as tensile strength, elongation, impact, fracture toughness and the like under the rolling process. The heat-treated steel rail produced by the steel has good tensile strength, tread hardness and low-temperature fracture toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgical materials, in particular to a production method of a high-low temperature fracture toughness steel rail.
Background
As the operating mileage of China railway reaches 14.1 kilometers by the end of 2020, the service working condition environment of the steel rail is inevitably more complex due to the high-speed increase. Wherein, most areas of China are cold and long in winter, and the temperature in winter of some areas is sometimes lower than-40 ℃. The steel rail is in service in a low-temperature environment for a long time, the brittleness of a welding seam of the steel rail is further increased due to low temperature, the brittle fracture tendency is increased, and the safety of railway transportation is directly influenced. As is known, the rail steel belongs to high-carbon steel, the carbon content is more than 0.65%, the carbon content is increased, and the toughness and the plasticity of the steel are reduced. There is a need to research and develop a new rail having excellent low-temperature toughness. At present, pearlitic steel rails and bainite steel rails above 400HB are focused in China, the mechanical properties of steel rails at low temperature are less in research, and partial research is also used for carrying out low-temperature performance test on the steel rails in laboratories. The domestic main researches on the performances of U71Mn and U75V steel rails in the range of +20 ℃ to-60 ℃, and along with the reduction of temperature, the tensile strength of the steel rails is increased, and the impact energy and the fracture toughness are reduced. According to the research results, U71Mn steel rail with good low-temperature toughness is preferably paved in low-temperature cold regions. The rolling wear simulation test of the wheel rail material in a low-temperature environment is researched by a laboratory European standard ER8 wheel and a U71Mn steel rail. After the test, the friction coefficient, the abrasion loss and the wheel/rail hardness ratio of the wheel rail material in a low-temperature environment are obviously improved, and the wheel hardening condition is serious; the phenomena of plowing and peeling of the worn surface of the wheel rail material are serious in a room temperature environment, abrasive wear is mainly used, and the wheel rail material wear in a low temperature environment is mainly used for adhesion wear.
These objective conditions require that the low-temperature performance of the steel rail is more outstanding, especially the operational capacity of the alpine region is enhanced, and the performance requirements of the steel rail working under the low-temperature environment condition, including higher requirements on the hardness and toughness of the tread, are remarkably increased. In addition, the steel rail belongs to non-replaceable industrial products with life safety concerns, is an important component and a loss part of railway transportation, and is about 150 million tons of steel rails in domestic years after statistics is respectively carried out on the demand of medium-sized iron and material companies. According to statistics, the international market is steadily increased every year, and the market demand is continuously increased. Therefore, the development of the steel rail with high and low temperature fracture toughness has very important production and economic significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production method of a high-low temperature fracture toughness steel rail, which is used for smelting a steel rail with good strength and toughness ratio and excellent wear resistance, so that the steel rail can be applied to the environment of alpine regions.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a production method of a high and low temperature fracture toughness steel rail, which comprises the following steps:
the converter smelting adopts aluminum-free deoxidation alloying, and argon is blown normally according to refining in the whole process; the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.10KPa, the deep vacuum time is more than or equal to 18min, the superheat degree delta T is less than or equal to 30 ℃, and the rare earth alloy is added in a VD station;
the steel rail rolling process comprises the following steps: square billet → saw cutting → heating → BD1 rolling → BD2 rolling → CCS universal rolling mill tandem rolling → online waste heat quenching → saw cutting → cooling → head and tail cutting → straightening → inspection → packaging → weighing → warehousing; the temperature of a square billet heating preheating section is not more than 800 ℃; the heating time is not less than 3 hours; the tapping temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is not lower than 1050 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 910-940 ℃;
the on-line waste heat quenching cooling medium is high-pressure air; the heat treatment temperature is determined by combining the phase transition temperature parameter in the steel and the actual capacity of industrial equipment; after the steel rail is finally rolled, the temperature of the heat treatment of the residual heat is 760-810 ℃, the steel rail is taken out of the heat treatment production line after the online heat treatment for 120-160 s, and the top surface, the two sides, the lower jaw and the rail bottom of the rail head of the steel rail are cooled by wind in the first online stage; the actual cooling speed of the cooling section is 2.5-5.5 ℃/s, and the cooling time is 40-70 s; and (3) performing weak cooling in the second stage, wherein the cooling speed of the top surface of the steel rail, the two sides of the rail head, the jaw of the gauge angle and the rail bottom is less than or equal to 1.8 ℃/s, the temperature of the outlet rail head is 475-530 ℃ after cooling, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
Further, the steel material for preparing the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.60 to 0.69 percent of C; 0.30-0.65% of Si; 0.80-1.10% of Mn; 0.10-0.35% of Cr; v is 0.01-0.08%; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the steel material for preparing the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.63% of C; si 0.53%; 1.0 percent of Mn; 0.10 percent of Cr; v0.012%; p0.013%; 0.007 percent of S; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the steel material for preparing the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.64 percent of C; 0.47 percent of Si; 0.96 percent of Mn; 0.12 percent of Cr; v0.02%; p is 0.011 percent; 0.003 percent of S; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the steel material for preparing the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.62 percent of C; 0.42 percent of Si; 1.10 percent of Mn; 0.13 percent of Cr; v0.025%; p0.019%; 0.003 percent of S; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The main alloying elements Si and Mn added in the material aim to improve the strength capability and the phase transition temperature of the steel rail and are suitable for a heat treatment line. The C component in the steel is designed to have higher solid solubility with Fe, has a solid solution strengthening effect, and improves the strength and the hardness of the steel, but the increase of the C content reduces the toughness of the steel rail, so the C content simultaneously considers the toughness. Mn expands an austenite phase region, increases the stability of super-cooled austenite of steel, and remarkably improves the hardenability of steel. Si reduces the transformation speed from austenite to ferrite, improves the strength, elasticity and anti-tempering stability of steel, and simultaneously considers the weldability of the steel rail, the Si content is not too high, because the heat conductivity of Si is poor, the steel rail welding is not facilitated; the addition of Cr can improve the strength of the steel rail, because Cr element and Fe element can be infinitely dissolved in austenite. And the curve C of the steel rail is moved rightwards, so that the method has positive effects on the phase change temperature and the transition time of the steel rail. V has the function of refining grains, and the current research shows that the grain refining can simultaneously improve the strength and the toughness of the steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention utilizes the heat treatment process to improve the strength and the hardness of the steel rail, simultaneously reasonably designs the components and adds the optimal Si, Mn, Cr and V alloy elements into the steel rail, and can improve the performances of the steel rail such as tensile strength, elongation, impact, fracture toughness and the like under the rolling process. The heat-treated steel rail produced by the steel has good tensile strength, tread hardness and low-temperature fracture toughness. The heat-treated steel rail has the advantages of unique production process, high production efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, good economic benefit, suitability for large-scale production and good popularization value.
Detailed Description
The smelting production process of the steel comprises the following steps: molten iron → converter smelting → LF refining → VD → continuous casting. The converter smelting adopts aluminum-free deoxidation alloying, and argon is blown normally according to refining in the whole process; the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.10KPa, the deep vacuum time is more than or equal to 18min, and the superheat degree delta T is less than or equal to 30 ℃. The chemical composition of each example is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 ingredients of examples (mass%/%)
The rolling process comprises the following steps: square billet → saw cutting → heating → BD1 rolling → BD2 rolling → CCS universal mill tandem rolling → online waste heat quenching → saw cutting → cooling → head and tail cutting → straightening → inspection → packaging → weighing → warehousing. The temperature of a square billet heating preheating section is not more than 800 ℃; the heating time is not less than 3 hours. The tapping temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is not lower than 1050 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 910-940 ℃.
The on-line waste heat quenching medium is high-pressure air. The heat treatment temperature is determined by combining the phase transition temperature parameter in the steel and the actual capability of industrial equipment. And after the steel rail is finally rolled, the temperature of the heat treatment of the residual heat is 760-810 ℃, the steel rail is taken out of the heat treatment production line after the online heat treatment is carried out for 120-160 s, and the top surface, the two sides, the lower jaw and the rail bottom of the rail head of the steel rail are cooled by wind in the first online stage. The actual cooling speed of the cooling section is 2.5-5.5 ℃/s, and the cooling time is 40-70 s. The final structure of the steel rail is ensured to be a small amount of ferrite plus pearlite structure. And (3) performing weak cooling in the second stage, wherein the cooling speed of the top surface of the steel rail, the two sides of the rail head, the jaw of the gauge angle and the rail bottom is less than or equal to 1.8 ℃/s, the temperature of the outlet rail head is 475-530 ℃ after cooling, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
Rolled steel sample performance: the tensile test specimen has a diameter d0 of 10mm and a gauge length L0 of 5d 0. Randomly sampling the tread hardness on the steel rail, wherein the length of a sample is 250mm, the top surface of a rail head is ground to be 0.5mm, testing points are 5, carrying out Brinell hardness test, calculating the average value, the testing temperature is 20 ℃ and soil is 5 ℃, and the sampling method, the position and the size of the sample are according to the TB/T2344-2012 standard. Impact sampling according to GB/T229-2007, with the sampling position in the centre of the tread, the direction being longitudinal, the dimensions 10mm x 50mm, being AKU2And (4) forming notches. The fracture toughness test size is 40mm multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 160 mm. The results of the experiment are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of the examples
As can be seen from Table 2, the examples have good strength, low temperature fracture toughness and mechanical properties, and the steel rail produced by using the steel rail has good low temperature fracture toughness. All the performances are superior to those of the U71Mn laid in the domestic low-temperature area and the SS steel rail laid in the foreign countries, and the product can replace the U71Mn steel rail laid on the railway under the low-temperature environment condition.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A production method of a high and low temperature fracture toughness steel rail is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the converter smelting adopts aluminum-free deoxidation alloying, and argon is blown normally according to refining in the whole process; the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.10KPa, the deep vacuum time is more than or equal to 18min, the superheat degree delta T is less than or equal to 30 ℃, and the rare earth alloy is added in a VD station;
the steel rail rolling process comprises the following steps: square billet → saw cutting → heating → BD1 rolling → BD2 rolling → CCS universal rolling mill tandem rolling → online waste heat quenching → saw cutting → cooling → head and tail cutting → straightening → inspection → packaging → weighing → warehousing; the temperature of a square billet heating preheating section is not more than 800 ℃; the heating time is not less than 3 hours; the tapping temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is not lower than 1050 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 910-940 ℃;
the on-line waste heat quenching cooling medium is high-pressure air; the heat treatment temperature is determined by combining the phase transition temperature parameter in the steel and the actual capacity of industrial equipment; after the steel rail is finally rolled, the temperature of the heat treatment of the residual heat is 760-810 ℃, the steel rail is taken out of the heat treatment production line after the online heat treatment for 120-160 s, and the top surface, the two sides, the lower jaw and the rail bottom of the rail head of the steel rail are cooled by wind in the first online stage; the actual cooling speed of the cooling section is 2.5-5.5 ℃/s, and the cooling time is 40-70 s; and (3) performing weak cooling in the second stage, wherein the cooling speed of the top surface of the steel rail, the two sides of the rail head, the jaw of the gauge angle and the rail bottom is less than or equal to 1.8 ℃/s, the temperature of the outlet rail head is 475-530 ℃ after cooling, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
2. The production method of the steel rail with high and low temperature fracture toughness according to claim 1, wherein the steel rail is prepared from the following steel materials in percentage by mass: 0.60-0.69% of C; 0.30-0.65% of Si; 0.80-1.10% of Mn; 0.10-0.35% of Cr; v is 0.01-0.08%; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. The production method of the steel rail with high and low temperature fracture toughness according to claim 2, wherein the steel rail is prepared from the following steel materials in percentage by mass: 0.63% of C; si 0.53%; 1.0 percent of Mn; 0.10 percent of Cr; v0.012%; p0.013%; 0.007 percent of S; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
4. The production method of the steel rail with high and low temperature fracture toughness according to claim 2, wherein the steel rail is prepared from the following steel materials in percentage by mass: 0.64 percent of C; 0.47 percent of Si; 0.96 percent of Mn; 0.12 percent of Cr; v0.02%; p is 0.011 percent; 0.003 percent of S; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
5. The production method of the steel rail with high and low temperature fracture toughness according to claim 2, wherein the steel rail is prepared from the following steel materials in percentage by mass: 0.62 percent of C; 0.42 percent of Si; 1.10 percent of Mn; 0.13 percent of Cr; v0.025%; p0.019%; 0.003 percent of S; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114855082A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-05 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method for improving low-temperature toughness of hot-rolled U75V steel rail by rare earth elements |
| CN115449605A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-09 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Tempering process for improving low-temperature toughness of pearlitic steel rail |
| CN115466904A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-12-13 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Production method of wear-resistant corrosion-resistant steel rail for low-temperature area railway |
| CN115466834A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-12-13 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method for producing U71MnH steel rail by adopting water mist cooling medium |
| CN115466833A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-12-13 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method for improving low-temperature toughness of pearlitic steel rail |
| CN115807195A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-03-17 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Hot-rolled high-strength rare earth steel rail and preparation process thereof |
| CN115896599A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-04-04 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Production method for improving wear resistance of steel rail |
| CN116445801A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-07-18 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Manufacturing method for improving low-temperature fracture resistance and contact fatigue damage resistance of steel rail and steel rail |
| CN116590609A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-08-15 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Low-cost heat-treated steel rail and production method thereof |
| CN117051329A (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-11-14 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | U71MnCr steel rail with good welding quality and smelting method thereof |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114855082A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-05 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method for improving low-temperature toughness of hot-rolled U75V steel rail by rare earth elements |
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| CN115449605A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-09 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Tempering process for improving low-temperature toughness of pearlitic steel rail |
| CN115896599A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-04-04 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Production method for improving wear resistance of steel rail |
| CN115807195A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-03-17 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Hot-rolled high-strength rare earth steel rail and preparation process thereof |
| CN116590609A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-08-15 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Low-cost heat-treated steel rail and production method thereof |
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