CN110669996A - Heat-resistant 10.9-grade steel for fasteners for rail transit and heat treatment process thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant 10.9-grade steel for fasteners for rail transit and heat treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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Abstract
The invention discloses heat-resistant steel for a 10.9-grade fastener for rail transit and a heat treatment process thereof, wherein the steel for the 10.9-grade fastener comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.10 to 0.20 percent of C, 0.10 to 0.40 percent of Si, 0.30 to 0.60 percent of Mn, 1.30 to 1.60 percent of Cr, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of V, 4.00 to 4.50 percent of Ni, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of W, 0.015 to 0.040 percent of Alt, 0.40 to 0.80 percent of Co, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0015 percent of O, less than or equal to 0.006 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities. The steel for the fastener is a tempered sorbite after heat treatment, has normal-temperature mechanical property and 450-DEG C high-temperature mechanical property which reach 10.9 grades, has a notch sensitivity NSR value of more than or equal to 1.65 and low-temperature impact toughness of more than or equal to 75J at minus 80 ℃, and is suitable for manufacturing heat-resistant 10.9-grade high-strength bolts for rail transit applied to cold regions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel for fasteners, and particularly relates to heat-resistant 10.9-grade steel for rail transit fasteners and a heat treatment process thereof.
Background
The fastener is a basic industry of equipment manufacturing industry in China, the construction of domestic railways keeps relatively fast development, new railways and existing lines are reformed to provide new market demands for high-speed motor train units, high-power locomotives and heavy-duty trucks, and market space is provided for the fastener due to the updating of in-service equipment. In recent years, the development of high-strength fastener steel having special properties has been a hot issue.
Chinese patent CN 106086652 a discloses a high-strength heat-resistant cold heading steel wire rod and a production method thereof, and a high-strength bolt made of the obtained wire rod can maintain good strength and toughness indexes and has good high-temperature resistance stability, strength and heat strength, but the steel in the method does not have good low-temperature toughness and is not suitable for fasteners for rail transit crossing cold regions. Chinese patent CN 106929623B discloses a preparation method of a hot-rolled steel disc strip for a 10.9-grade high-strength bolt, the hot-rolled steel disc strip for the high-strength fastener bolt produced by the patent has the advantages of high cleanliness, good hardenability, proper strength and hardness, excellent ductility and toughness and cold heading and upsetting deformation capacity, and the defect that the steel does not have obvious heat resistance and is not suitable for fasteners which need to be subjected to high-temperature conditions. Chinese patent CN 103173694B discloses a method for manufacturing a high-temperature resistant fastener, and the fastener produced by the invention has good plasticity, large hardness and high strength. However, the method adds a large amount of noble metal elements, has extremely high manufacturing cost, and is not suitable for batch popularization and use in the rail transit industry.
In summary, although there is a certain technical accumulation in the heat-resistant fastener and the high-strength fastener in China, there is little research on steel for the heat-resistant fastener in the rail transit industry. With the complication of the rail transit environment, railway vehicles such as high-speed rails and the like often run to the environment of minus ten and a few degrees centigrade or even lower, the low-temperature impact toughness of steel materials is obviously improved, and the steel for fasteners with excellent low-temperature impact resistance is urgently needed; with the continuous increase of the speed per hour of the train, the braking energy is increased rapidly during emergency braking, which brings huge thermal stress, and fasteners at some special positions, such as brake disc positions, need to experience cold and hot fatigue at high temperature of about 450 ℃. In view of the above, there is an urgent need to develop a heat-resistant high-strength fastener steel suitable for the rail transit industry and applicable to cold regions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides heat-resistant 10.9-grade steel for rail transit fasteners and a heat treatment process thereof, which can be applied to heat-resistant high-strength fastener steel in cold regions.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a heat-resistant steel for 10.9-grade fasteners for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.10 to 0.20 percent of C, 0.10 to 0.40 percent of Si, 0.30 to 0.60 percent of Mn, 1.30 to 1.60 percent of Cr, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of V, 4.00 to 4.50 percent of Ni, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of W, 0.015 to 0.040 percent of Alt, 0.40 to 0.80 percent of Co, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0015 percent of O, less than or equal to 0.006 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities.
C: c is the most basic effective strengthening and hardenability element in steel. C can enlarge and stabilize austenite, thereby improving the high-temperature strength of the heat-resistant steel. However, since ductility decreases as the content thereof increases, the content of C is controlled to 0.10% to 0.20%.
Si: si is an element which is effectively strengthened in steel, particularly when the content of C is low, the content of Si can be properly increased to ensure the strength, but if the content of Si is excessive, the formability of a fastener is reduced, the normal temperature plasticity and thermoplasticity are also deteriorated, in addition, the increase of the Si element can increase the diffusion of carbon in the steel to aggravate the decarburization of the steel, and therefore, the content of Si is controlled to be 0.10-0.40%.
Mn: mn and Fe form a solid solution, so that the hardness and strength of ferrite and austenite in the steel are improved, meanwhile, Mn is used for improving the stability of an austenite structure and remarkably improving the hardenability of the steel, and a certain amount of Mn can also improve the low-temperature toughness of the steel. However, excessive Mn can reduce the plasticity of steel, improve the notch sensitivity of materials, and increase the segregation of grain boundaries, so that the strength of the grain boundaries is reduced, and the risk of delayed fracture is increased, therefore, the Mn content is controlled to be 0.30-0.60%.
Cr: cr element remarkably improves the toughness and the heat strength in steel, is precipitated in a carbide form, increases hydrogen capture points and improves delayed fracture resistance. Cr increases the hardenability of steel, but excessive Cr increases the temper brittleness tendency of steel, so that the Cr content is controlled to 1.30-1.60%.
V: the vanadium is added into the steel, so that the structure crystal grains can be refined, the strength and the toughness are improved, the high-temperature strength and toughness of the steel are improved, and the notch sensitivity of the steel is improved. V forms carbide with C, and the strength and the delayed fracture resistance are obviously improved. Since excessive V causes precipitation of coarse carbides and deteriorates cold workability, the V content is controlled to 0.20% to 0.40%.
Ni: ni can generate an infinitely miscible solid solution with Fe, has the function of enlarging a phase region, and does not form carbide. Nickel stabilizes austenite and enhances hardenability of steel. Ni is an effective element for reducing the ductile-brittle transition temperature and obviously improving the low-temperature toughness. However, excessive nickel is added into the steel, so that the hot brittleness of the steel in a high-temperature environment is increased, and the Ni content is controlled to be 4.00-4.50%.
W: tungsten is high-temperature resistant, and can form carbide with carbon when dissolved in steel, so that the normal temperature strength and the high temperature strength of the steel can be improved, but the corrosion resistance and the high temperature oxidation resistance of the steel can be reduced by excessive W, and therefore, the W content is controlled to be 0.80-1.20%.
Al: al is a strong deoxidizing element, and simultaneously improves the oxidation resistance of the steel, thereby being beneficial to maintaining the high-temperature performance. However, since the amount of coarse carbonitride-based inclusions increases with the increase in Al content, the Alt content is controlled to 0.015% to 0.040%.
Co: co is a non-carbide forming element and strengthens ferrite in the steel. Meanwhile, Co has oxidation resistance and can obviously improve the thermal stability and heat resistance of steel, so that excessive Co addition can cause the toughness of the material to be reduced, and the decarburization sensitivity of the steel is increased, so that the Co content is controlled to be 0.40-0.80%.
S and P: the sulfur is easy to form MnS inclusion with manganese in the steel and is harmful to the processing deformation of the material; p is an element with strong segregation tendency, and commonly causes the co-segregation of sulfur and manganese, which is harmful to the uniformity of the product structure and performance, so that P is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.015 percent and S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.015 percent.
O and N: T.O forms oxide inclusions in the steel, and the T.O is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.0015 percent; n precipitation of Fe in steel4N, diffusion rateThe degree is slow, so that the steel has timeliness, and N can reduce the cold processing performance of the steel and is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.006 percent.
The heat-resistant steel for 10.9-grade fasteners for rail transit has a tempered sorbite structure after heat treatment, the normal-temperature mechanical property and the 450-DEG C high-temperature mechanical property both reach 10.9 grades, and R ism≥1040MPa,Rp0.2940MPa or more, 9% or more of A, 48% or more of Z, 1.65 or more of notch sensitivity NSR value, and 75J or more of low-temperature impact toughness at-80 ℃.
Further, the heat treatment process of the heat-resistant steel for the 10.9-grade fastener for the rail transit comprises the following steps: electric arc furnace or converter smelting → LF furnace refining → RH or VD vacuum degassing → continuous casting → heating of casting blank heating furnace → round billet continuous casting → square billet rolling → bar rolling.
Further, the heat treatment process of the heat-resistant steel for the 10.9-grade fastener for the rail transit adopts the following quenching and tempering heat treatment process: quenching at 860-920 ℃, oil cooling, tempering at 530-600 ℃, and air cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the heat-treated structure of the heat-resistant steel for the rail transit 10.9-grade fastener is a tempered sorbite, and the normal-temperature mechanical property and the 450-DEG C high-temperature mechanical property of the steel reach 10.9 grade (R)m≥1040MPa,Rp0.2940MPa or more, 9 percent or more of A, 48 percent or more of Z), 1.65 or more of notch sensitivity NSR value and 75J or more of low-temperature impact toughness at-80 ℃. The method is suitable for manufacturing 10.9-grade high-strength bolts with heat resistance for rail transit applied to cold regions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the structure of the steel after heat treatment-tempered sorbite.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The invention relates to heat-resistant steel for 10.9-grade fasteners for rail transit, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.10 to 0.20 percent of C, 0.10 to 0.40 percent of Si, 0.30 to 0.60 percent of Mn, 1.30 to 1.60 percent of Cr, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of V, 4.00 to 4.50 percent of Ni, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of W, 0.015 to 0.040 percent of Alt, 0.40 to 0.80 percent of Co, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0015 percent of O, less than or equal to 0.006 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities.
In this example, a bar of the invention was used with the specified composition, the example and comparative example compositions are shown in Table 1, and the production process is as follows:
electric furnace smelting: oxygen is determined before tapping, steel retaining treatment is adopted before tapping, and slag discharging in the tapping process is strictly controlled;
and (4) LF furnace: C. adjusting elements such as Si, Cr, Mn, V, Ni, W, Co and the like to target values;
vacuum degassing: the pure degassing time is more than or equal to 15 minutes, and the content of H after vacuum treatment is ensured;
continuous casting: the target temperature of the tundish molten steel is controlled to be 10-40 ℃ above the liquidus temperature, and a round billet with phi of 380mm is continuously cast.
A bar rolling route: round blank with phi 380mm → heating → rolling into square blank with 150mm multiplied by 150mm → finished product of bar with phi 16-40 mm.
The composition and austenite grain size of the bars are shown in table 1. Wherein the austenitizing heat treatment process comprises the following steps: quenching at 900 ℃, oil cooling, wherein the temperature of a quenching medium is 18-35 ℃, and metallographic sample preparation and austenite grain size grading are carried out after cooling.
TABLE 1 chemical composition and organization (wt%) of examples of the invention
Processing the bar into a standard tensile sample with the diameter of phi 10mm, and adopting the following quenching and tempering heat treatment process: quenching at 900 ℃, oil cooling, tempering at the temperature of quenching medium of 18-35 ℃, tempering at 560 ℃, naturally cooling along with air, and organizing a tempered sorbite after heat treatment, which is shown in figure 1. The mechanical properties at normal temperature and high temperature after heat treatment are shown in Table 2, wherein the mechanical stretching at high temperature is carried out according to GB/T4338 "high temperature tensile test method for metallic materials". Normal temperature mechanical properties: rm≥1164MPa,Rp0.21077MPa or more, 19.0 percent or more of A and 59 percent or more of Z; 450 ℃ high temperature mechanical properties: rm≥1068MPa,Rp0.2≥983MPa,A≥21.0%,Z≥72 percent. The strength at normal temperature and the strength at high temperature of the examples reach 10.9 grades.
A notch sensitivity test is carried out by adopting HB 5214-. In addition, the low-temperature impact toughness KV2 of-80 ℃ of the embodiment is more than or equal to 75J, has excellent low-temperature impact toughness, and is suitable for rail transit fasteners crossing cold regions in operating environments.
TABLE 2 mechanical properties, notch sensitivity and low temperature impact properties after quenching and tempering heat treatment of the examples of the invention
The above description is only for specific exemplary description of the present invention, and it should be noted that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited by the above manner, and it is within the protection scope of the present invention as long as various insubstantial modifications are made by using the technical idea and technical solution of the present invention, or the technical idea and technical solution of the present invention are directly applied to other occasions without modifications.
Claims (4)
1. The heat-resistant steel for the 10.9-grade fastener for the rail transit is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.10 to 0.20 percent of C, 0.10 to 0.40 percent of Si, 0.30 to 0.60 percent of Mn, 1.30 to 1.60 percent of Cr, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of V, 4.00 to 4.50 percent of Ni, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of W, 0.015 to 0.040 percent of Alt, 0.40 to 0.80 percent of Co, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0015 percent of O, less than or equal to 0.006 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities.
2. The steel for the heat-resistant 10.9-grade fastener for the rail transit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel for the 10.9-grade fastener has a tempered sorbite structure after heat treatment, has normal-temperature mechanical properties and 450-DEG C high-temperature mechanical properties of 10.9 grades, and has Rm≥1040MPa,Rp0.2940MPa or more, 9% or more of A, 48% or more of Z, 1.65 or more of notch sensitivity NSR value, and 75J or more of low-temperature impact toughness at-80 ℃.
3. The heat treatment process of the steel for the heat-resistant 10.9-grade fastener for the rail transit, which is used for the rail transit, according to the claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that the production process of the steel for the fastener is as follows: electric arc furnace or converter smelting → LF furnace refining → RH or VD vacuum degassing → continuous casting → heating of casting blank heating furnace → round billet continuous casting → square billet rolling → bar rolling.
4. The heat treatment process of the steel for the heat-resistant 10.9-grade fastener for the rail transit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the steel for the fastener adopts the following quenching and tempering heat treatment process: quenching at 860-920 ℃, oil cooling, tempering at 530-600 ℃, and air cooling.
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Cited By (4)
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CN112322990A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江宝武钢铁有限公司 | Limit-resistant low-temperature hot-rolled angle steel and preparation method thereof |
CN112719794A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江福尔加机械股份有限公司 | Machining method of automobile hub bolt |
CN115198208A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-10-18 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant cold forging steel and heat treatment method, production method and application thereof |
CN115572917A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2023-01-06 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Economical steel for fastener and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112322990A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江宝武钢铁有限公司 | Limit-resistant low-temperature hot-rolled angle steel and preparation method thereof |
CN112719794A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江福尔加机械股份有限公司 | Machining method of automobile hub bolt |
CN112719794B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-03-11 | 浙江福尔加机械股份有限公司 | Machining method of automobile hub bolt |
CN115572917A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2023-01-06 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Economical steel for fastener and manufacturing method thereof |
CN115198208A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-10-18 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant cold forging steel and heat treatment method, production method and application thereof |
CN115198208B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2023-08-11 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant cold heading steel and heat treatment method, production method and application thereof |
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