CN114505620B - Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire and preparation method and welding process thereof - Google Patents
Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire and preparation method and welding process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114505620B CN114505620B CN202210410818.5A CN202210410818A CN114505620B CN 114505620 B CN114505620 B CN 114505620B CN 202210410818 A CN202210410818 A CN 202210410818A CN 114505620 B CN114505620 B CN 114505620B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
- B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy welding, in particular to a Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire and a preparation method and a welding process thereof, which are applied to welding 800H steel, wherein the welding wire comprises a welding skin and medicinal powder wrapped in the welding skin, and the medicinal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45.0-48.0% of Cr powder, 12.0-14.0% of Ni powder, 25.0-28.0% of Mn powder, 1.4-1.8% of Ti powder, 0.6-1.0% of Al powder, 4.0-5.0% of V powder, 0.3-0.6% of graphene and the balance of Fe powder; wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent. In the powder components of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, Mn and Ni have the function of stabilizing an austenite phase region, the Mn is cheaper than Ni, the Mn not only has the capability of inhibiting austenite welding seam cracking, but also is beneficial to deoxidizing cladding metal during welding, thereby reducing the generation of pore defects, and effectively reducing the production cost of the welding wire on the premise of ensuring the service performance of the welding wire by reducing the Ni content and improving the Cr and Mn content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy welding, in particular to a Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire and a preparation method and a welding process thereof.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is a high-temperature metal material taking Fe, Ni, Co and the like as a matrix. The Fe-based alloy is based on a Fe-Ni-Cr ternary system, the Ni-Cr binary system is based on a Ni-Cr binary system, and the Co-based alloy is based on a Co-Ni-Cr ternary system. The iron-based high-temperature alloy is low in price, has good medium-temperature mechanical properties and hot-working properties, and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, petrochemical industry, energy power and the like. The iron-based high-temperature alloy generally adds more than 25 percent of Ni to stabilize austenite structure, and simultaneously adds more than 15 percent of Cr element to ensure that the alloy has excellent oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. However, at present, when the iron-based superalloy is welded, a high-matching nickel-based welding material is generally adopted. For example, the nuclear power high temperature gas cooled reactor heat transfer tube material Incoloy 800H is a typical iron-based heat resistant alloy, and welding is often performed with an ERNiCr-3 welding wire. Although the high-temperature performance of the welding seam obtained by adopting the nickel-based welding wire is excellent, the cost is higher. Therefore, the matched iron-based high-temperature welding material is developed aiming at the iron-based high-temperature alloy, and has important engineering practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, which is used for welding 800H steel materials, ensures the mechanical property of deposited metal and reduces the cost.
The invention provides a Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire which is applied to welding of 800H steel, the welding wire comprises a welding skin and powder wrapped in the welding skin, and the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the Cr powder is: 45.0 to 48.0 percent;
the Ni powder is: 12.0 to 14.0 percent;
the Mn powder is: 25.0 to 28.0 percent;
the Ti powder is as follows: 1.4-1.8%;
the Al powder is: 0.6 to 1.0 percent;
the V powder is: 4.0 to 5.0 percent;
the graphene is: 0.3 to 0.6 percent;
the balance of Fe powder;
wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Further, the particle sizes of the Cr powder, the Ni powder, the Mn powder, the Ti powder, the Al powder, the V powder, and the Fe powder are: 100-200 mesh;
the graphene has the following dimensions: 9-11 μm.
Further, the flux core filling rate of the welding wire is as follows: 28-32%;
and/or, the welding wire diameter range is: 1.0-1.2 mm.
Further, the welding skin is a 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel band, and the thickness is as follows: 0.3-0.5mm and 6-8mm width.
The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention can produce the following beneficial effects:
the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention is mainly Fe-Cr-Mn, is a high-Cr high-Mn iron-based high-temperature welding wire, and is suitable for welding connection of Fe-Ni-Cr series high-temperature alloy (Incoloy 800H); on one hand, the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire realizes the all-austenite structure of the cladding metal by improving the content of Cr and Mn and reducing the content of Ni, can effectively reduce the thermal stress concentration during welding and reduce the occurrence of cracking, and particularly can greatly reduce the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity by adopting the welding wire matched with the base metal structure aiming at some high-temperature structural parts which can not be subjected to postweld heat treatment; on the other hand, in the powder components of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, Mn and Ni have the function of stabilizing an austenite phase region, the Mn is cheaper than Ni, the Mn not only has the capability of inhibiting the cracking of an austenite welding seam, but also is beneficial to deoxidizing a cladding metal during welding, thereby reducing the generation of pore defects, and effectively reducing the production cost of the welding wire on the premise of ensuring the service performance of the welding wire by reducing the Ni content and improving the Cr and Mn content.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, which is used for preparing the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, and comprises the following steps:
weighing medicinal powder: according to the mass percentage: 45.0-48.0% of Cr powder, 12.0-14.0% of Ni powder, 25.0-28.0% of Mn powder, 1.4-1.8% of Ti powder, 0.6-1.0% of Al powder, 4.0-5.0% of V powder, 0.3-0.6% of graphene and the balance of Fe powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the components is 100% to obtain medicinal powder;
drying the medicinal powder: heating the medicinal powder in a vacuum environment to remove crystal water in the medicinal powder, wherein the heating temperature range is as follows: 200 ℃ and 240 ℃, and the heat preservation time range is as follows: 2-4 h;
mixing the medicinal powder: fully mixing the dried medicinal powder for the following time ranges: 1-3 h;
packaging the medicinal powder: removing grease on the surface of the welding skin, and then coating the mixed powder in the welding skin;
drawing a welding wire: drawing to obtain the final product.
Further, in the welding wire drawing step, a plurality of drawing processes are adopted, and the aperture of the drawing die is reduced in sequence.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps of: and winding the welding wire on the welding wire disc, and sealing the welding wire disc in a vacuum environment.
Further, the particle sizes of the Cr powder, the Ni powder, the Mn powder, the Ti powder, the Al powder, the V powder, and the Fe powder are: 100-200 mesh;
the graphene has the following dimensions: 9-11 μm.
Further, the welding skin is a 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel band, and the thickness is as follows: 0.3-0.5mm, 6-8mm in width;
and/or the flux core filling rate of the welding wire is as follows: 28-32%;
and/or, the welding wire diameter range is: 1.0-1.2 mm.
The preparation method of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention can produce the following beneficial effects:
after the welding wire obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention is used for welding an 800H base metal, the preparation cost of the welding wire is effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the service performance of the welding wire, namely, the welding wire has all the advantages of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, and the process is not repeated.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a welding process of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, which adopts the welding wire to weld a part to be welded, and places the welding part of the part to be welded and the welding wire in a protective gas atmosphere during welding;
the thickness range of the welding part of the part to be welded is as follows: 18-22mm, the groove is V-shaped, and the angle range of the groove is as follows: 55 +/-3 degrees;
and/or the percentage of the protective gas comprises the following components: ar content is 97-99%, O2The content of (A) is 1-3%;
and/or, the welding current range is: 150-200A;
and/or the welding speed is as follows: 50-60 cm/min;
and/or the wire feed speed is: 4-6 m/min.
The welding process of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention can produce the following beneficial effects:
after the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire and the welding process are adopted to weld 800H base metal, the welding cost is effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the service performance of the welding wire, namely, all the advantages of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire are achieved, and the details are not repeated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a metallographic structure of an Incoloy 800H superalloy base material.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a joint obtained by performing inconoy 800H base metal butt welding on the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire prepared in the second embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram of a weld joint obtained by performing inconoy 800H butt welding on the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire prepared in the second embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a structural morphology diagram of a base material/weld joint interface obtained by performing Incoloy 800H base material butt welding on the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire prepared in the second embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a tensile fracture morphology diagram of a joint obtained by performing inconoy 800H base material butt welding on the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire prepared in the second embodiment.
Detailed Description
According to the invention, the Incoloy 800H iron-based high-temperature alloy is subjected to systematic microstructure analysis, and an alloy system matched with cladding metal is designed to realize the structure matching with a base material; by adding a plurality of alloy elements, the excellent mechanical properties of the cladding metal are realized by the aid of the effects of solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, carbide strengthening and the like.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, a preparation method and a welding process thereof, which are used for reducing the cost on the premise of welding 800H steel materials and ensuring higher tensile strength and mechanical properties of elongation at the welding part.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, including a welding skin and a powder wrapped in the welding skin, where the powder includes, by mass: the Cr powder is: 45.0 to 48.0 percent; the Ni powder is: 12.0 to 14.0 percent; the Mn powder is: 25.0 to 28.0 percent; the Ti powder is as follows: 1.4-1.8%; the Al powder is: 0.6 to 1.0 percent; the V powder is: 4.0 to 5.0 percent; the graphene is: 0.3 to 0.6 percent; the balance of Fe powder; wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the embodiment of the invention is mainly Fe-Cr-Mn, is a high-Cr high-Mn iron-based high-temperature welding wire, and is suitable for welding connection of Fe-Ni-Cr series high-temperature alloy (Incoloy 800H); on one hand, the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire realizes the all-austenite structure of the cladding metal by improving the content of Cr and Mn and reducing the content of Ni, can effectively reduce the thermal stress concentration during welding and reduce the occurrence of cracking, and particularly can greatly reduce the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity by adopting the welding wire matched with the base metal structure aiming at some high-temperature structural parts which can not be subjected to postweld heat treatment; on the other hand, in the powder components of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, Mn and Ni have the function of stabilizing an austenite phase region, the Mn is cheaper than Ni, the Mn not only has the capability of inhibiting the cracking of an austenite welding seam, but also is beneficial to deoxidizing a cladding metal during welding, thereby reducing the generation of pore defects, and effectively reducing the production cost of the welding wire on the premise of ensuring the service performance of the welding wire by reducing the Ni content and improving the Cr and Mn content.
Specifically, the mass percentages of the components in the embodiment of the invention can be selected as follows:
the Cr powder is: 45.0%, 45.8%, 46.0%, 47.0%, 48.0%, and any mass percentage value between two percentage value points;
the Ni powder is: 12.0%, 12.4%, 13.0%, 13.5%, 14.0%, and any mass percentage value between two percentage value points;
the Mn powder is: 25.0%, 25.8%, 26.0%, 27.0%, 28.0%, and any mass percentage value between two percentage value points;
the Ti powder is as follows: 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.55%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, and any mass percentage value between two percentage value points;
the Al powder is: 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, and any mass percentage value between two percentage value points;
the V powder is: 4.0%, 4.1%, 4.3%, 4.5%, 4.8%, 5.0%, and any mass percentage value between two percentage value points;
the graphene is: 0.3%, 0.36%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, and any mass percent value between two percent value points.
In the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire in the embodiment of the invention, the granularity of Cr powder, Ni powder, Mn powder, Ti powder, Al powder, V powder and Fe powder is as follows: 100-200 mesh; the dimensions of the graphene are: 9-11 μm, preferably 10 μm.
In the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire in the embodiment of the invention, the flux-cored filling rate of the welding wire is as follows: 28 to 32 percent. The diameter range of the welding wire is as follows: 1.0-1.2 mm.
In the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire in the embodiment of the invention, the welding skin is a 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel band, and the thickness is as follows: 0.3-0.5mm and 6-8mm width. Preferably, the thickness of the weld skin is chosen to be 0.4mm and the width to be 7 mm.
On the other hand, the method for preparing the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the embodiment is used for preparing the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, and comprises the following steps:
weighing medicinal powder: according to the mass percentage: 45.0-48.0% of Cr powder, 12.0-14.0% of Ni powder, 25.0-28.0% of Mn powder, 1.4-1.8% of Ti powder, 0.6-1.0% of Al powder, 4.0-5.0% of V powder, 0.3-0.6% of graphene and the balance of Fe powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the components is 100% to obtain medicinal powder;
drying the medicinal powder: heating the medicinal powder in a vacuum environment (such as a vacuum heating furnace) to remove crystal water in the medicinal powder, wherein the heating temperature range is as follows: 200 ℃ and 240 ℃, and the heat preservation time range is as follows: 2-4 h;
mixing the medicinal powder: fully mixing the dried medicinal powder for the following time ranges: 1-3 h; specifically, the dried medicinal powder can be placed in a powder mixer for mixing;
packaging the medicinal powder: removing grease on the surface of the welding skin, and then coating the mixed powder in the welding skin; specifically, the welding skin is made of 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel, and the powder is wrapped in the welding skin (strip steel) by adopting flux-cored wire drawing equipment;
drawing a welding wire: the method is characterized in that the welding wire is manufactured by drawing through a drawing process, specifically, the welding wire is manufactured by drawing through a drawing die, a plurality of drawing processes are adopted, the aperture of the first drawing die is 2.6mm, and the apertures of the drawing dies in the subsequent processes are gradually reduced.
Specifically, the welding skin is a 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel band, and the thickness is as follows: 0.3-0.5mm, preferably 0.4mm, and 6-8mm, preferably 7mm in width; the flux-cored filling rate of the welding wire is as follows: 28-32%; the range of core diameters of the produced welding wire is as follows: 1.0-1.2 mm.
Besides the steps, the method also comprises the step of packaging the welding wire: the welding wire is wound on the wire reel and sealed in a vacuum environment, for example, the welding wire is wound on the wire reel and then sealed in a vacuum packaging bag for standby.
In the step of weighing the medicinal powder, the particle sizes of the Cr powder, the Ni powder, the Mn powder, the Ti powder, the Al powder, the V powder and the Fe powder are as follows: 100-200 mesh; the dimensions of the graphene are: 9-11 μm.
On the other hand, in the welding process of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided in this embodiment, the welding wire is used to weld a to-be-welded part, and during welding, the welding part of the to-be-welded part and the welding wire are placed in a protective gas atmosphere.
Specifically, the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire is used to weld an Incoloy 800H base metal in a butt joint, and the thickness range of the welding part of the to-be-welded part (for example, a welding test plate) is as follows: 18-22mm, preferably 20 mm; the groove is V-shaped, and the angle range of the groove is as follows: 55 ± 3 °, preferably 55 °;
the percentage of the protective gas comprises the following components: the content of Ar is 97-99%, O2The content of (A) is 1-3%; preferably: ar content 98%, O2The content of (A) is 2%;
the welding current range is as follows: 150-200A;
the welding speed is as follows: 50-60 cm/min;
the wire feeding speed is as follows: 4-6 m/min.
The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, the preparation method and the welding process provided by the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that:
(1) the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire is suitable for welding connection of Fe-Ni-Cr series high-temperature alloy (Incoloy 800H), the main alloy element of the Fe-Ni-Cr series high-temperature alloy (Incoloy 800H) is Fe, and the main element of the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire is Fe, so that the metallurgical bonding performance of the welding wire and a base material can be improved during welding, and excellent welding seam forming is guaranteed. The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention has the advantages that the Ni content is reduced, the Cr content is increased, and the production cost of the welding wire is effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the service performance of the welding wire, so that the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire has a great competitive advantage.
(2) In the invention, the base material Incoloy 800H high-temperature alloy is an austenite structure (a metallographic structure is shown in figure 1); the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention realizes the all-austenite structure of the cladding metal by improving the content of Cr and Mn and reducing the content of Ni, can effectively reduce the thermal stress concentration during welding and reduce the occurrence of cracking, and particularly can greatly reduce the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity by adopting the welding wire matched with the base metal structure for some high-temperature structural parts which can not be subjected to postweld heat treatment.
(3) According to the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention, the powder of the welding wire realizes the all-austenite structure of the cladding metal by improving the contents of Cr and Mn and reducing the content of Ni. Mn and Ni both have the function of stabilizing an austenite phase region, and the price of Mn is lower than that of Ni; mn also has the capability of inhibiting the cracking of austenitic weld joints, and the cracking resistance of the welding wire is greatly reduced by adding Mn element into the welding wire; the addition of Mn also helps to deoxidize the cladding metal during welding, thereby reducing the generation of pore defects. Cr is an indispensable element of the iron-based high-temperature alloy, can be dissolved in an austenite matrix in a solid manner to strengthen the cladding metal, and can generate oxides at high temperature to protect the cladding metal and prevent the cladding metal from being oxidized continuously; in addition, the Cr content is increased, and the high-temperature oxidation resistance and the corrosion resistance of the welding wire can be effectively improved.
(4) The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention has the advantages that Ti and Al alloy elements are added into welding wire powder, and the two elements react with Ni to generate Ni3(Ti, Al) intermetallic compound phase, wherein Ni is present in the clad metal in a high-temperature state for a long period of time (the service temperature of Incoloy 800H base material is about 570 ℃), and Ni is present in the clad metal3(Ti, Al) will be transformed into Ni3Ti precipitates in the austenite matrix to strengthen the cladding metal, namely, the strengthening of the cladding metal is realized through the precipitation strengthening function; the Al element can obviously improve the oxidation resistance of the cladding metal under the condition of the Si element (contained in the 304 steel strip).
(5) According to the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention, V element and graphene are added into the welding wire powder, and the welding wire powder reacts with the V element to generate M in the cladding metal during welding23C6VC and M6C, etc., wherein the VC carbides are small in size and tend to be distributed in an austenitic matrix, M23C6The carbides are distributed at the grain boundaries. By passingThe carbide strengthening realizes the further strengthening of the cladding metal.
(6) The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention comprehensively improves the mechanical property of cladding metal through a plurality of strengthening methods: fe. The solid solution strengthening effect of Mn and Cr elements; precipitation strengthening effect of Ti and Al elements; v, strengthening the carbide of the graphene.
(7) The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention realizes the excellent performances of high strength, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance of the cladding metal by virtue of the joint regulation and control effect among various alloy elements, and is not realized by virtue of the effect of a single element. For example, in order to improve the strength of the cladding metal, Cr and Ni are added to achieve a solid solution strengthening effect, Ti and Al are added to achieve a precipitation strengthening effect, and V and graphene are added to achieve a carbide strengthening effect. The three strengthening effects are mutually promoted and complemented and are not indispensable. Because the precipitation strengthening effect of pure Ti and Al is not enough to meet the requirement of high temperature resistance, the strengthening effect of pure carbide is not enough to meet the requirement of oxidation resistance, and the strength improvement of the pure solid solution strengthening effect has a certain limit, the performance needs to be further improved by means of precipitation strengthening and carbonization.
(8) The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention is used for selecting the content of alloy elements according to the performance requirements of base materials. For example, Ti and Al elements are added into the welding wire powder, and the content of the Ti element is higher than that of the Al element, so that the precipitation of a beneficial precipitate phase is effectively realized; if the added Ti content is less than the Al content, an unstable precipitated phase is formed, resulting in transformation during high-temperature operation, resulting in deterioration of performance. In addition, a large amount of Cr elements are added into the welding wire powder, compared with the traditional Fe-Ni alloy system, the Fe-Cr alloy system is formed by the welding wire, and Ni elements are dissolved in the Fe-Cr alloy system. In general, Cr element is dissolved in the gamma phase and has the functions of solid solution strengthening and high-temperature performance improvement (forming Cr2O 3), while in the welding wire provided by the invention, because the Cr content is far higher than the Ni content, the performance of the cladding metal is partially directly contributed by Cr alloy, namely the Cr alloy plays a role in having high intrinsic performance. A certain amount of V element is added into the welding wire powder, and when the V element is added in a trace amount, the solid solution strengthening effect is mainly achieved; when the content of the graphene is increased, a part of the graphene reacts with C to generate a VC hard phase to achieve the effect of strengthening the second phase, the content of V selected in the method is mainly in the scope of solid solution strengthening effect and second phase strengthening effect, and the graphene is jointly added in the method, so that the strengthening of the second phase is promoted. Thus, although the alloying elements have some common effects, their properties are quite different when their contents are changed (especially when other elements participate in the reaction together).
(8) The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention is formed by drawing 304 austenitic stainless steel strip coated with alloy powder, the target structure of the welding wire is an austenitic structure, and by drawing the 304 austenitic steel strip, the 304 austenitic steel strip contains considerable Cr and Ni contents, so that the steel strip is easier to realize the transition of alloy elements through powder.
(9) The welding wire can be used for consumable electrode welding (MIG/MAG) and non-consumable electrode welding (TIG), and has wide application range.
In short, the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the embodiment of the invention has good fusion property with the 800H alloy base material, and is suitable for welding the 800H alloy base material.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following describes the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire and the method and process for making the same in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example one
Step 1, weighing medicinal powder: weighing medicinal powder according to mass percent, wherein the Cr powder accounts for 45.0 percent, the Ni powder accounts for 12.0 percent, the Mn powder accounts for 25.0 percent, the Ti powder accounts for 1.4 percent, the Al powder accounts for 0.6 percent, the V powder accounts for 4.0 percent, the graphene accounts for 0.3 percent, and the balance is Fe powder, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent;
step 2, drying the medicinal powder: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 200 ℃ for 2h, and removing crystal water in the powder;
step 3, mixing the medicinal powder: placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixing machine for fully mixing for 1 h;
step 4, packaging the medicinal powder: removing grease on the surface of the 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel strip by using alcohol, and wrapping the powder prepared in the step 3 in the steel strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment;
step 5, wire drawing of a welding wire: drawing to prepare a welding wire by adopting a drawing process, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm, and after the drawing of the first process is finished, the apertures of the dies are sequentially reduced to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm;
step 6, packaging welding wires: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire prepared in the first example is used for welding Incoloy 800H base metal butt joints, the thickness of a welding test plate is 20mm, a groove is a V-shaped groove, and the angle is 58 degrees. Selecting a CMT welding power supply, wherein the welding protective gas is 98% Ar +2% O2The welding current range is 150-200A, the welding speed is 50-60cm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 4-6 m/min.
Less welding wire spatters in the welding process, the welding seam is well formed, and the welded joint has no macrocracks. Tests show that the weld joint structure is an austenite structure, the average microhardness of the weld joint is 250HV0.1, the room-temperature tensile strength of the fusion state of the fusion-coated metal is 600MPa, the high-temperature (600 ℃) tensile strength of the fusion state of the fusion-coated metal is 400MPa, and the elongation (room temperature) of the joint after fracture is 31%.
Example two
Step 1, weighing medicinal powder: weighing the medicinal powder according to mass percent, wherein the Cr powder is 48.0 percent, the Ni powder is 14.0 percent, the Mn powder is 28.0 percent, the Ti powder is 1.8 percent, the Al powder is 1.0 percent, the V powder is 5.0 percent, the graphene is 0.6 percent, and the balance is Fe powder, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent;
step 2, drying the medicinal powder: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 240 ℃ for 4 hours, and removing crystal water in the powder;
step 3, mixing the medicinal powder: placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixing machine for fully mixing for 3 h;
step 4, packaging the medicinal powder: removing grease on the surface of the 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel strip by using alcohol, and wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step 3 in the steel strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment;
step 5, wire drawing of a welding wire: drawing to prepare a welding wire by adopting a drawing process, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm, and after the drawing of the first process is finished, the apertures of the dies are sequentially reduced to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm;
step 6, packaging welding wires: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
And welding Incoloy 800H base metal butt joints by using the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire prepared in the second embodiment, wherein the thickness of a welding test plate is 20mm, a groove is a V-shaped groove, and the angle is 52 degrees. Adopting a CMT welding power supply, wherein the welding protective gas is 98% Ar +2% O2The welding current range is 150-200A, the welding speed is 50-60cm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 4-6 m/min.
Less welding wire spatters in the welding process, the welding seam is well formed, and the welded joint has no macrocracks. Tests show that the weld joint structure is an austenite structure, the average value of the microhardness of the weld joint is 240HV0.1, the room-temperature tensile strength of the fusion state of the fusion-coated metal is 590MPa, the high-temperature (600 ℃) tensile strength of the fusion state of the fusion-coated metal is 410MPa, and the elongation (room temperature) of the joint after fracture is 33%.
As shown in fig. 2, in a cross-sectional profile of a joint obtained by carrying out the Incoloy 800H butt welding on the welding wire, a welding line is well fused with a base material, and a fusion line is clearly visible without defects such as air holes and inclusions.
As shown in fig. 3, in the metallographic structure of the weld obtained by butt welding the Incoloy 800H base material with the welding wire, the weld is a fully austenitic structure and has a columnar dendrite morphology.
As shown in fig. 4, in the texture map of the base material/weld joint interface obtained by performing the butt welding of the Incoloy 800H base material by using the welding wire, the metallurgical bonding at the base material and weld joint interface is good, and weld joint grains grow on the basis of the base material and have the characteristic of intergrowth growth, which is mainly because the weld joint tissue and the base material tissue are all related to an austenite tissue.
As shown in fig. 5, in the tensile fracture morphology of the joint obtained by butt welding the Incoloy 800H base material with the welding wire, the tensile fracture is mainly characterized by dimple morphology, which indicates that the toughness of the material is better.
EXAMPLE III
Step 1, weighing medicinal powder: weighing medicinal powder according to mass percent, wherein the mass percent of the Cr powder is 47.0 percent, the mass percent of the Ni powder is 13.0 percent, the mass percent of the Mn powder is 27.0 percent, the mass percent of the Ti powder is 1.6 percent, the mass percent of the Al powder is 0.8 percent, the mass percent of the V powder is 4.5 percent, the mass percent of the graphene is 0.45 percent, and the balance is Fe powder, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent;
step 2, drying the medicinal powder: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 220 ℃ for 3 hours, and removing crystal water in the powder;
step 3, mixing the medicinal powder: putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2 h;
step 4, packaging the medicinal powder: removing grease on the surface of the 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel strip by using alcohol, and wrapping the powder prepared in the step 3 in the steel strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment;
step 5, wire drawing of welding wires: drawing to prepare a welding wire by adopting a drawing process, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm, and after the drawing of the first process is finished, the apertures of the dies are sequentially reduced to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm;
step 6, packaging welding wires: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire prepared in the third example is used for welding Incoloy 800H base metal butt joints, the thickness of a welding test plate is 20mm, a groove is a V-shaped groove, and the angle is 58 degrees. Adopting a CMT welding power supply, wherein the welding protective gas is 98% Ar +2% O2The welding current range is 150-200A, the welding speed is 50-60cm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 4-6 m/min.
Less welding wire spatters in the welding process, the welding seam is well formed, and the welded joint has no macrocracks. Tests show that the weld joint structure is an austenite structure, the average value of the microhardness of the weld joint is 235HV0.1, the room-temperature tensile strength of the fusion state of the fusion-coated metal is 601MPa, the high-temperature (600 ℃) tensile strength of the fusion state of the fusion-coated metal is 417MPa, and the elongation (room temperature) of the joint after fracture is 35%.
Example four
Step 1: weighing the medicinal powder according to mass percent, wherein the Cr powder accounts for 46.0 percent, the Ni powder accounts for 13.5 percent, the Mn powder accounts for 26.0 percent, the Ti powder accounts for 1.5 percent, the Al powder accounts for 0.9 percent, the V powder accounts for 4.3 percent, the graphene accounts for 0.55 percent, and the balance is Fe powder, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent;
step 2, drying the medicinal powder: heating the medicinal powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 210 ℃ for 3.5 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder;
step 3, mixing the medicinal powder: putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixing machine for fully mixing for 2.5 h;
step 4, packaging the medicinal powder: removing grease on the surface of the 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel strip by using alcohol, and wrapping the powder prepared in the step 3 in the steel strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment;
step 5, wire drawing of welding wires: drawing to prepare a welding wire by adopting a drawing process, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm, and after the drawing of the first process is finished, the apertures of the dies are sequentially reduced to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm;
step 6, packaging welding wires: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
And welding Incoloy 800H base metal butt joints by using the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire prepared in the fourth example, wherein the thickness of a welding test plate is 20mm, a groove is a V-shaped groove, and the angle is 52 degrees. Adopting a CMT welding power supply, wherein the welding protective gas is 98% Ar +2% O2The welding current range is 150-200A, the welding speed is 50-60cm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 4-6 m/min.
The welding wire has less splashing in the welding process, the welding seam is well formed, and the welded joint has no macrocracks. Tests show that the weld joint structure is an austenite structure, the average value of the microhardness of the weld joint is 251HV0.1, the room-temperature tensile strength of the fusion state of the fusion-coated metal is 589MPa, the high-temperature (600 ℃) tensile strength of the fusion state of the fusion-coated metal is 405MPa, and the elongation (room temperature) of the joint after fracture is 35%.
EXAMPLE five
Step 1, weighing medicinal powder: weighing the medicinal powder according to the mass percent, wherein the Cr powder accounts for 45.8 percent, the Ni powder accounts for 12.4 percent, the Mn powder accounts for 25.8 percent, the Ti powder accounts for 1.55 percent, the Al powder accounts for 0.65 percent, the V powder accounts for 4.1 percent, the graphene accounts for 0.36 percent, and the balance is the Fe powder, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent;
step 2, drying the medicinal powder: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 235 ℃ for 2.4 hours, and removing crystal water in the powder;
step 3, mixing the medicinal powder: putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 1.3 h;
step 4, packaging the medicinal powder: removing grease on the surface of the 304 (06 Cr19Ni 10) stainless steel strip by using alcohol, and wrapping the powder prepared in the step 3 in the steel strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment;
step 5, wire drawing of a welding wire: drawing to prepare the welding wire by adopting a drawing process, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm, and after the drawing of the first process is finished, the apertures of the dies are sequentially reduced to finally obtain the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm.
Step 6, packaging welding wires: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
And welding Incoloy 800H base metal butt joints by using the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire prepared in the fifth embodiment, wherein the thickness of a welding test plate is 20mm, a groove is a V-shaped groove, and the angle is 58 degrees. Adopting a CMT welding power supply, wherein the welding protective gas is 98% Ar +2% O2The welding current range is 150-200A, the welding speed is 50-60cm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 4-6 m/min.
Less welding wire spatters in the welding process, the welding seam is well formed, and the welded joint has no macrocracks. The test shows that the weld structure is austenite, the average value of the microhardness of the weld is 232HV0.1, the room-temperature tensile strength of the welded state of the cladding metal is 610MPa, the high-temperature (600 ℃) tensile strength of the welded state of the cladding metal is 407MPa, and the elongation (room temperature) after the joint is broken is 36%.
Table one: the compositions (mass percent) of the wire cores of the examples and the comparative examples are shown in the table.
| Content of ingredients | Example one | Example two | EXAMPLE III | Example four | EXAMPLE five | Comparative example |
| Cr powder | 45.0% | 48.0% | 47.0% | 46.0% | 45.8% | 48% |
| Ni powder | 12.0% | 14.0% | 13.0% | 13.5% | 12.4% | 32% |
| Mn powder | 25.0% | 28.0% | 27.0% | 26.0% | 25.8% | 10% |
| Ti powder | 1.4% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 1.5% | 1.55% | 1.8% |
| Al powder | 0.6% | 1.0% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.65% | 1.0% |
| V powder | 4.0% | 5.0% | 4.5% | 4.3% | 4.1% | 5.0% |
| Graphene | 0.3% | 0.6% | 0.45% | 0.55% | 0.36% | 0.6% |
| Fe powder | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of |
And secondly, comparing the mechanical properties of the welding wires of the examples and the comparative examples.
| Results of Performance testing | Example one | Example two | EXAMPLE III | Example four | EXAMPLE five | Comparative example |
| Average value of hardness/HV 0.1 | 250 | 240 | 235 | 251 | 232 | 236 |
| Tensile strength/MPa of joint at room temperature | 600 | 590 | 601 | 589 | 610 | 588 |
| Welded joint high temperature tensile strength/MPa | 400 | 410 | 417 | 405 | 407 | 405 |
| Elongation after break of the joint (room temperature)/% | 31 | 33 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 34 |
The comparative example is an Fe-Cr-Ni welding wire, the Ni element content and the Mn element content are different from the corresponding component contents of the welding wire powder provided by the second embodiment of the invention, and the other contents are the same.
In conclusion, the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire provided by the invention is reasonable in components, suitable for welding of 800H alloy base metal, simple in preparation method, easy to control, low in cost and suitable for industrial popularization.
Finally, it should also be noted that, in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (12)
1. The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire is applied to 800H steel, and comprises a welding skin and powder wrapped in the welding skin, wherein the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the Cr powder is: 45.0 to 48.0 percent;
the Ni powder is: 12.0 to 14.0 percent;
the Mn powder is: 25.0 to 28.0 percent;
the Ti powder is as follows: 1.4-1.8%;
the Al powder is: 0.6 to 1.0 percent;
the V powder is: 4.0 to 5.0 percent;
the graphene is: 0.3 to 0.6 percent;
the balance of Fe powder;
wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the flux-cored filling rate of the welding wire is as follows: 28-32%;
the welding skin is a 304 stainless steel band.
2. The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire of claim 1, wherein the Cr powder, the Ni powder, the Mn powder, the Ti powder, the Al powder, the V powder, the Fe powder have a grain size of: 100-200 meshes;
the graphene has the following dimensions: 9-11 μm.
3. The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire of claim 1, wherein the wire diameter ranges from: 1.0-1.2 mm.
4. The Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire of claim 1, wherein the weld skin thickness is: 0.3-0.5mm and 6-8mm width.
5. A method for preparing an Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire, characterized by being used for preparing the Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire of any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprising the following steps:
weighing medicinal powder: according to the mass percentage: 45.0-48.0% of Cr powder, 12.0-14.0% of Ni powder, 25.0-28.0% of Mn powder, 1.4-1.8% of Ti powder, 0.6-1.0% of Al powder, 4.0-5.0% of V powder, 0.3-0.6% of graphene and the balance of Fe powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of all the components is 100% to obtain medicinal powder;
drying the medicinal powder: heating the medicinal powder in a vacuum environment to remove crystal water in the medicinal powder, wherein the heating temperature range is as follows: 200 ℃ and 240 ℃, and the heat preservation time range is as follows: 2-4 h;
mixing the medicinal powder: fully mixing the dried medicinal powder for the following time ranges: 1-3 h;
packaging the medicinal powder: removing grease on the surface of the welding skin, and then wrapping the mixed powder in the welding skin;
drawing a welding wire: drawing to obtain the final product.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein in the wire drawing step, a plurality of drawing processes are employed, and the hole diameters of the drawing dies are sequentially reduced.
7. The method for preparing a composite welding wire according to any one of claims 5 to 6, further comprising the step of packaging the welding wire: and winding the welding wire on the welding wire disc, and sealing the welding wire disc in a vacuum environment.
8. A welding process of Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire is characterized in that the welding wire of any one of claims 1 to 4 is adopted to weld a part to be welded, and during welding, the welding part of the part to be welded and the welding wire are placed in a protective gas atmosphere;
the thickness range of the welding part of the part to be welded is as follows: 18-22mm, the groove is V-shaped, and the angle range of the groove is as follows: 55 +/-3 degrees.
9. The welding process of Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire of claim 8, wherein,
the percentage of the protective gas comprises the following components: ar content is 97-99%, O2The content of (A) is 1-3%.
10. The welding process of Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire of claim 8, wherein,
the welding current range is as follows: 150-.
11. The welding process of Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire of claim 8, wherein,
the welding speed is as follows: 50-60 cm/min.
12. The welding process of Fe-Cr-Mn welding wire of claim 8, wherein,
the wire feeding speed is as follows: 4-6 m/min.
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