CN111992923B - Metal type flux-cored wire and method for preparing austenitic stainless steel structural member - Google Patents
Metal type flux-cored wire and method for preparing austenitic stainless steel structural member Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 137
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910006639 Si—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal type flux-cored wire, which is used as a raw material to prepare an austenitic stainless steel structural member based on an electric arc additive manufacturing technology, and the formed thin-wall structural member has excellent mechanical properties. The metal flux-cored wire flux-cored alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8% of ferrosilicon; 18 to 22 percent of manganese powder; 27% of nickel powder; 26% of chromium powder; 4 to 8 percent of molybdenum powder; 1% -3% of copper powder; 0.5 percent of titanium powder; 0.2 percent of aluminum powder; 0.5 percent of lanthanum oxide; 1 percent of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member obtained by additive manufacturing is attractive in forming and has excellent mechanical properties. The austenitic stainless steel metal type flux-cored wire for additive manufacturing can be used for additive manufacturing of complex parts in the fields of national defense, energy, petroleum, chemical engineering, aerospace and bioengineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wire electric arc additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a metal type flux-cored wire and a method for preparing an austenitic stainless steel structural member by using the metal type flux-cored wire as a raw material.
Background
Stainless steel is one of three main supporting column materials in China, and with the rapid development of modern industry in China, higher requirements are put forward on the comprehensive mechanical properties of stainless steel. The austenitic stainless steel has wide application in the fields of national defense, energy, petroleum, chemical engineering, space navigation, bioengineering and the like in China by virtue of good comprehensive performance.
At present, austenitic stainless steel structural members in China are manufactured by adopting the traditional process (casting and forging), and the process has high difficulty, high manufacturing cost and easy generation of defects when large structural members are manufactured.
Wire electric arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a manufacturing method in which an electric arc is used as a heat source to melt a metal wire and the metal wire is stacked and formed layer by layer on a substrate according to a set path. Compared with the traditional subtractive manufacturing, the method generally does not need a die, has short production period, low cost, high material utilization rate and high automation degree, and has great advantages particularly in manufacturing large-size thin-wall components with complex shapes.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a metal type flux-cored wire which can be used for preparing austenitic stainless steel structural members, and the flux-cored wire can transfer alloy elements into welding seams in the welding process through flux cores in steel sheets, so that the content of alloy components can be conveniently adjusted.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for preparing an austenitic stainless steel structural member by taking a metal type flux-cored wire as a raw material, wherein the prepared thin-wall structural member has excellent tensile property.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the metal flux-cored wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8 percent of ferrosilicon, 18 percent to 22 percent of manganese powder, 27 percent of nickel powder, 26 percent of chromium powder, 4 percent to 8 percent of molybdenum powder, 1 percent to 3 percent of copper powder, 0.5 percent of titanium powder, 0.2 percent of aluminum powder, 0.5 percent of lanthanum oxide, 1 percent of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of an austenitic stainless steel structural member specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2, heating the alloy powder weighed in the step 1 in an inert gas atmosphere and preserving heat for a period of time;
step 3, cooling the components obtained in the step 2 to room temperature along with a furnace after heat preservation, filling flux-cored powder into a U-shaped groove of a low-carbon steel strip, preparing a welding wire with phi of 2.50mm after a closed forming roller, and finally preparing the metal flux-cored wire with phi of 1.18mm by a step-by-step diameter reduction method;
and 4, loading the prepared metal flux-cored wire into a full-automatic welding robot, planning a welding path, determining the layer height, compiling a program, inputting the program into a welding machine, operating a welding machine command, and performing additive manufacturing by adopting MAG welding as a heat source to obtain the austenitic stainless steel structural member.
The invention adopting the second technical proposal is also characterized in that,
in step 2, the inert atmosphere is argon.
In the step 2, the heating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h.
The technological parameters of MAG welding are as follows: the welding speed is 0.21m/min to 0.25 m/min; each layer of welding gun is lifted by 4-6 mm, and the protective gas is 80% of Ar and 20% of CO2。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a metal type flux-cored wire which is short in preparation period, high in production efficiency, capable of realizing continuous production and capable of being used for additive manufacturing of complex parts in the fields of national defense, energy, petroleum, chemical engineering, space navigation and bioengineering.
2. The invention provides a method for preparing an austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member based on an additive manufacturing technology by taking MAG welding as a heat source and a metal flux-cored wire as a raw material; the method comprises the steps of placing the uniformly mixed flux-cored powder in a tube furnace, continuously introducing argon, and preserving heat for 2-3 h at 200-300 ℃, so that the oxidation of alloy elements can be effectively avoided, and the content of oxygen elements in the austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member is reduced; according to the invention, the austenitic stainless steel is manufactured by using the full-automatic welding robot in an additive mode, the additive manufacturing efficiency is high, and the wire electric arc additive manufacturing can be realized by programming of the welding robot; the additive manufacturing process has the advantages of less splashing, stable electric arc, beautiful formed welding line, basically no collapse phenomenon, smooth welding line surface, no air hole and no slag inclusion; after the additive manufacturing is finished, the hammer head is used for hammering a welding area, the welding residual stress is reduced, and the fatigue resistance of the thin-wall structural member is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a stress-strain curve of an austenitic stainless steel structural member prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a stress-strain curve of an austenitic stainless steel structural member prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a stress-strain curve of an austenitic stainless steel structural member prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a stress-strain curve of an austenitic stainless steel structural member prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a stress-strain curve of an austenitic stainless steel structural member prepared in example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A metal flux-cored wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8 percent of ferrosilicon, 18 to 22 percent of manganese powder, 27 percent of nickel powder, 26 percent of chromium powder, 4 to 8 percent of molybdenum powder, 1 to 3 percent of copper powder, 0.5 percent of titanium powder, 0.2 percent of aluminum powder, 0.5 percent of lanthanum oxide, 1 percent of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
The function and function of each component in the welding wire are as follows:
si and Mn have better solid solution strengthening effect in ferrite and austenite, and Si-Mn is generally used for joint deoxidation to reduce the metal embrittlement of the overlaying layer caused by oxygenation of the overlaying layer. Mn is used as an austenite stabilizing element and has the function of stabilizing an austenite structure, and can improve the thermoplasticity of an austenitic stainless steel structural part;
ni is a main element of austenitic stainless steel, and has the main function of forming and stabilizing austenite, so that the steel has good strength and plastic toughness, and has excellent cold and hot workability, cold formability, nonmagnetic performance and the like;
cr is a main alloy element in austenitic stainless steel, in the austenitic stainless steel, Cr can increase the solubility of carbon and enhance the intergranular corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel, and when Mo exists in the steel, the effectiveness of Cr is greatly enhanced;
mo is used as an important alloy element in austenitic stainless steel, and mainly has the effects of improving the corrosion resistance of the steel in a reducing medium, and improving the performances of the steel such as pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance and the like;
cu is used as an important alloy element in the austenitic stainless steel, mainly has the effect of improving the cold working forming performance of the austenitic stainless steel, and is matched with Mo to further improve the corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel in a reducing medium;
in austenitic stainless steel, Ti is often used as a stabilizing element because the affinity of Ti with carbon is far greater than that of Cr, and is combined with carbon preferentially to form TiC, so that the intergranular corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel is improved;
al reacts with Fe and Ni in austenitic stainless steel to form some intermetallic compounds with excellent performance and order, thereby improving the creep resistance of austenite;
La2O3the high-melting-point compound can be used as a non-uniform nucleation particle in a molten pool, an external nucleation source is added, or the particle is segregated at a crystal boundary, the growth of crystal grains is hindered, and the strength of the austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member is improved. And the La element can be used for inclusion with oxides and sulfides in the molten steel to enable the La element to be approximately spherical, so that the strength of the austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural part is improved, and the anisotropy of the austenitic thin-wall structural part prepared by the electric arc additive manufacturing technology is weakened.
NbC has a face-centered cubic structure, is generally uniformly distributed in austenite crystals in a granular form, can pin dislocation and block dislocation movement to form dislocation loops to generate a strengthening effect, and has a remarkable inhibiting effect on grain growth and coarsening, so that the strength of the austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member is improved.
The invention discloses a method for preparing an austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member based on a metal flux-cored wire as a raw material, which comprises the following steps:
And 2, uniformly mixing the components obtained in the step 1, placing the mixture in a tubular furnace, continuously introducing argon, and keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours at 200-300 ℃.
And 3, keeping the components obtained in the step 2 at a constant temperature, cooling the components to room temperature along with a furnace, filling the flux-cored powder into a U-shaped groove of a low-carbon steel strip, preparing a welding wire with the diameter of phi 2.50mm through a closed forming roller, and finally preparing the metal flux-cored wire with the diameter of phi 1.18mm through a step-by-step diameter reduction method.
Step 4, the prepared metal flux-cored wire is loaded into a full-automatic welding robot, a welding path is planned, the layer height is determined, a program is compiled and input into a welding machine, a welding machine command is operated, and the material increase manufacturing is carried out by adopting MAG welding as a heat source, so that the austenitic stainless steel structural member is obtained, wherein the specific parameters of the welding process are as follows: the welding speed is 0.21-0.25 m/min; lifting each layer of welding gun by 4-6 mm; the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2。
After the additive manufacturing is finished, the hammer head is used for tapping the welding area, so that the residual stress generated by the austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member after the additive process is reduced, and the fatigue resistance of the structural member is improved.
Example 1
Step 1: 8 percent of ferrosilicon, 18 percent of manganese powder, 27 percent of nickel powder, 26 percent of chromium powder, 5 percent of molybdenum powder, 2.5 percent of copper powder, 0.5 percent of titanium powder, 0.2 percent of aluminum powder, 0.5 percent of lanthanum oxide, 1 percent of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder are weighed according to the mass percentage, and the sum of the percentage of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: and (3) uniformly mixing all the raw materials weighed in the step (1), placing the mixture in a tube furnace, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours at 200 ℃ under the condition of continuously introducing argon.
And step 3: placing a low-carbon steel strip with the width of 7mm and the thickness of 0.3mm on a strip placing machine of a welding wire forming machine, rolling the low-carbon steel strip into a U-shaped groove through a pressing groove of the forming machine, placing the flux-cored powder obtained in the step 2 into the U-shaped groove, controlling the filling rate of the flux-cored powder to be 15 wt%, then rolling and closing the U-shaped groove by the forming machine, wiping the U-shaped groove with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, drawing the U-shaped groove to the diameter of 1.18mm, wiping oil stains on the welding wire with cotton cloth dipped with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, straightening the welding wire by a wire drawing machine, coiling the welding wire into a disc, and sealing and packaging to obtain the austenitic stainless steel metal flux-cored welding wire for additive manufacturing.
And 4, step 4: the prepared austenitic stainless steel metal flux-cored wire for additive manufacturing is loaded into a full-automatic welding robot, a welding path is planned, the layer height is determined, a program is compiled and input into a welding machine, a welding machine command is operated, and MAG welding is adopted as a heat source for additive manufacturing to obtain the austenitic stainless steel structural part; the welding process comprises the following specific parameters: the welding speed is 0.21 m/min; lifting each layer of welding guns by 6 mm; the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2The results of the stress-strain test curve of the structural member of the present invention are shown in fig. 1, and the tensile strength of the austenitic stainless steel structural member is 575.3 Mpa.
Example 2
Step 1: 8 percent of ferrosilicon, 19 percent of manganese powder, 27 percent of nickel powder, 26 percent of chromium powder, 7 percent of molybdenum powder, 2 percent of copper powder, 0.5 percent of titanium powder, 0.2 percent of aluminum powder, 0.5 percent of lanthanum oxide, 1 percent of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder are weighed according to the mass percentage, and the sum of the percentage of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: and (3) uniformly mixing all the raw materials weighed in the step (1), placing the mixture in a tube furnace, and keeping the temperature for 3 hours at 230 ℃ under the condition of continuously introducing argon.
And step 3: placing a low-carbon steel strip with the width of 7mm and the thickness of 0.3mm on a strip placing machine of a welding wire forming machine, rolling the low-carbon steel strip into a U-shaped groove through a pressing groove of the forming machine, placing the flux-cored powder obtained in the step 2 into the U-shaped groove, controlling the filling rate of the flux-cored powder to be 15 wt%, then rolling and closing the U-shaped groove by the forming machine, wiping the U-shaped groove with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, drawing the U-shaped groove to the diameter of 1.18mm, wiping oil stains on the welding wire with cotton cloth dipped with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, straightening the welding wire by a wire drawing machine, coiling the welding wire into a disc, and sealing and packaging to obtain the austenitic stainless steel metal flux-cored welding wire for additive manufacturing.
And 4, step 4: the fully-automatic welding robot for the austenitic stainless steel metal flux-cored wire for additive manufacturing, which is prepared in the step 3, plans a welding path, determines the layer height, writes a program, inputs the program into a welding machine, operates a welding machine command, and performs additive manufacturing by adopting MAG welding as a heat source to obtain the austenitic stainless steel structural part; the welding process comprises the following specific parameters: the welding speed is 0.22 m/min; lifting each layer of welding gun by 5.5 mm; the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2The results of the stress-strain test curves of the structural member of the present invention are shown in fig. 2, and the tensile strength of the austenitic stainless steel thin-walled structural member is 603 Mpa.
Example 3
Step 1: 8 percent of ferrosilicon, 20 percent of manganese powder, 27 percent of nickel powder, 26 percent of chromium powder, 4 percent of molybdenum powder, 1.5 percent of copper powder, 0.5 percent of titanium powder, 0.2 percent of aluminum powder, 0.5 percent of lanthanum oxide, 1 percent of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder are weighed according to the mass percentage, and the sum of the percentage of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: and (3) uniformly mixing all the raw materials weighed in the step (1), placing the mixture in a tubular furnace, and keeping the temperature for 2.5 hours at 250 ℃ under the condition of continuously introducing argon.
And step 3: placing a low-carbon steel strip with the width of 7mm and the thickness of 0.3mm on a strip placing machine of a welding wire forming machine, rolling the low-carbon steel strip into a U-shaped groove through a pressing groove of the forming machine, placing the flux-cored powder obtained in the step 2 into the U-shaped groove, controlling the filling rate of the flux-cored powder to be 15 wt%, then rolling and closing the U-shaped groove by the forming machine, wiping the U-shaped groove with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, drawing the U-shaped groove to the diameter of 1.18mm, wiping oil stains on the welding wire with cotton cloth dipped with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, straightening the welding wire by a wire drawing machine, coiling the welding wire into a disc, and sealing and packaging to obtain the austenitic stainless steel metal flux-cored welding wire for additive manufacturing.
And 4, step 4: the austenitic stainless steel metal flux-cored wire for additive manufacturing prepared in the step 3 is loaded into a full-automatic welding robot, a welding path is planned, the layer height is determined, a program is compiled and input into a welding machine, a welding machine command is operated, and MAG welding is adopted as a heat source for additive manufacturing to obtain the austenitic stainless steel structural part; the welding process comprises the following specific parameters: the welding speed is 0.23 m/min; lifting each layer of welding gun by 5 mm; the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2The results of the stress-strain test curves of the structural member of the invention are shown in fig. 3, and the tensile strength of the austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member is 619.4 Mpa.
Example 4
Step 1: 8 percent of ferrosilicon, 21 percent of manganese powder, 27 percent of nickel powder, 26 percent of chromium powder, 6 percent of molybdenum powder, 1 percent of copper powder, 0.5 percent of titanium powder, 0.2 percent of aluminum powder, 0.5 percent of lanthanum oxide, 1 percent of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder are weighed according to the mass percent, and the contents of the components are all mass percent and the sum of the mass percent is 100 percent.
Step 2: and (3) uniformly mixing all the raw materials weighed in the step (1), placing the mixture in a tube furnace, continuously introducing argon, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours at 280 ℃.
And step 3: placing a low-carbon steel strip with the width of 7mm and the thickness of 0.3mm on a strip placing machine of a welding wire forming machine, rolling the low-carbon steel strip into a U-shaped groove through a pressing groove of the forming machine, placing the flux-cored powder obtained in the step 2 into the U-shaped groove, controlling the filling rate of the flux-cored powder to be 15 wt%, then rolling and closing the U-shaped groove by the forming machine, wiping the U-shaped groove with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, drawing the U-shaped groove to the diameter of 1.18mm, wiping oil stains on the welding wire with cotton cloth dipped with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, straightening the welding wire by a wire drawing machine, coiling the welding wire into a disc, and sealing and packaging to obtain the austenitic stainless steel metal flux-cored welding wire for additive manufacturing.
And 4, step 4: the austenitic stainless steel metal type flux-cored wire for additive manufacturing prepared in the step 3 is loaded into a full-automatic welding robot, a welding path is planned, the layer height is determined, and a program is compiled for inputtingEntering a welding machine, operating a welding machine command, and performing additive manufacturing by adopting MAG welding as a heat source to obtain the austenitic stainless steel structural part; the welding process comprises the following specific parameters: the welding speed is 0.24 m/min; lifting each layer of welding guns by 4.5 mm; the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2The results of the stress-strain test curve of the structural member of the present invention are shown in fig. 4, and the tensile strength of the austenitic stainless steel structural member is 615.5 Mpa.
Example 5
Step 1: 8 percent of ferrosilicon, 22 percent of manganese powder, 27 percent of nickel powder, 26 percent of chromium powder, 8 percent of molybdenum powder, 3 percent of copper powder, 0.5 percent of titanium powder, 0.2 percent of aluminum powder, 0.5 percent of lanthanum oxide, 1 percent of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder are weighed according to the mass percent, and the contents of the components are all mass percent and the sum of the mass percent is 100 percent.
Step 2: and (3) uniformly mixing all the raw materials weighed in the step (1), placing the mixture in a tube furnace, continuously introducing argon, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours at 300 ℃.
And step 3: placing a low-carbon steel strip with the width of 7mm and the thickness of 0.3mm on a strip placing machine of a welding wire forming machine, rolling the low-carbon steel strip into a U-shaped groove through a pressing groove of the forming machine, placing the flux-cored powder obtained in the step 2 into the U-shaped groove, controlling the filling rate of the flux-cored powder to be 15 wt%, then rolling and closing the U-shaped groove by the forming machine, wiping the U-shaped groove with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, drawing the U-shaped groove to the diameter of 1.18mm, wiping oil stains on the welding wire with cotton cloth dipped with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, straightening the welding wire by a wire drawing machine, coiling the welding wire into a disc, and sealing and packaging to obtain the austenitic stainless steel metal flux-cored welding wire for additive manufacturing.
And 4, step 4: the austenitic stainless steel metal flux-cored wire for additive manufacturing prepared in the step 3 is loaded into a full-automatic welding robot, a welding path is planned, the layer height is determined, a program is compiled and input into a welding machine, a welding machine command is operated, and MAG welding is adopted as a heat source for additive manufacturing to obtain the austenitic stainless steel structural part; the welding process comprises the following specific parameters: the welding speed is 0.25 m/min; lifting each layer of welding guns by 4 mm; the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2Stress-strain test curve of the structural member of the present inventionAs a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the tensile strength of the thin-walled austenitic stainless steel structural member was 586.5 MPa.
Compared with a solid welding wire, the flux-cored welding wire has the advantages that alloy elements of the flux-cored welding wire are transferred into a welding seam in the welding process through a flux core in a steel sheet, so that the content of alloy components is convenient to adjust, and the solid welding wire needs to be smelted again when the alloy components are adjusted once; in addition, in the drawing process of the solid welding wire, the drawability of some steel ingots is poor, and the solid welding wire is not easy to be drawn into the required welding wire.
The invention adopts MAG welding to provide a heat source for preparing an austenitic stainless steel structural part and CO2Compared with gas shielded welding, MAG welding has stable electric arc, stable molten drop transition, less welding spatter and good welding seam formability; compared with TIG welding, MAG welding adopts the welding wire as the electrode, and welding wire and current density are big, and the welding wire melting efficiency is high, and the welding deformation is little, and productivity effect is high, is fit for automated production. Tungsten grade has a small amount of melting and evaporation during TIG welding, tungsten particles enter a molten pool to cause tungsten clamping, welding quality is affected, TIG welding has limited bearing current, electric arc is easy to expand and is not easy to concentrate, and the penetration depth of a welding line is small.
Based on MAG welding, the invention uses metal flux-cored wire as raw material to prepare austenitic stainless steel, and has the following advantages: the welding seam has high metal deposition rate, high production efficiency, good structural part formability, low cost and suitability for automatic production, and slag is not easy to be included in the welding seam; the splashing is small in the welding process, and the molten drop transition is stable.
At present, austenitic stainless steel solid-core welding wires are mostly adopted as raw materials for manufacturing austenitic stainless steel electric arc additive materials in China, but alloy components of the solid-core welding wires need to be remelted every time the solid-core welding wires are adjusted, the preparation period is long and complicated2O3NbC and other enhancements are convenient. La2O3Can be used as a high melting point compound to serve as a non-uniform nucleation mass point in a molten pool, adds an external nucleation source,or the grain boundary is partially aggregated, so that the growth of crystal grains is hindered, and the strength of the austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member is improved. NbC has a face-centered cubic structure, is generally uniformly distributed in austenite crystals in a granular form, can pin dislocation and block dislocation movement to form dislocation loops to generate a strengthening effect, and has a remarkable inhibiting effect on grain growth and coarsening, so that the strength of the austenitic stainless steel thin-wall structural member is improved.
The tensile strength of the austenite thin-wall structural part prepared by the patent example of the invention is 575.3-619.4 Mpa, which is larger than that of the austenite thin-wall structural part prepared by the existing MAG welding electric arc additive manufacturing technology.
Claims (2)
1. The metal type flux-cored wire is characterized by comprising a welding skin and a flux core, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8% of ferrosilicon, 18% -22% of manganese powder, 27% of nickel powder, 26% of chromium powder, 4% -8% of molybdenum powder, 1% -3% of copper powder, 0.5% of titanium powder, 0.2% of aluminum powder, 0.5% of lanthanum oxide, 1% of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; the welding skin is a low-carbon steel strip, and the metal type flux-cored wire is used for preparing an austenitic stainless steel structural member.
2. The method for preparing the austenitic stainless steel structural member by using the metal type flux-cored wire of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, respectively weighing 8% of ferrosilicon, 18% -22% of manganese powder, 27% of nickel powder, 26% of chromium powder, 4% -8% of molybdenum powder, 1% -3% of copper powder, 0.5% of titanium powder, 0.2% of aluminum powder, 0.5% of lanthanum oxide, 1% of niobium carbide and the balance of iron powder according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2, heating the alloy powder weighed in the step 1 in an inert gas atmosphere and preserving heat for a period of time;
step 3, cooling the components obtained in the step 2 to room temperature along with a furnace after heat preservation, filling flux-cored powder into a U-shaped groove of a low-carbon steel strip, preparing a welding wire with phi of 2.50mm after a closed forming roller, and finally preparing the metal flux-cored wire with phi of 1.18mm by a step-by-step diameter reduction method;
step 4, the prepared metal flux-cored wire is loaded into a full-automatic welding robot, a welding path is planned, the layer height is determined, a program is compiled and input into a welding machine, a welding machine command is operated, and MAG welding is adopted as a heat source to perform additive manufacturing to obtain the austenitic stainless steel structural member;
the inert gas adopted in the inert gas atmosphere in the step 2 is argon;
in the step 2, the heating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h;
the MAG welding process parameter is that the welding speed is 0.21 m/min-0.25 m/min;
each layer of welding gun is lifted by 4-6 mm; the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2。
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