CN114503842A - 一种蓝莓炭疽病防治方法 - Google Patents
一种蓝莓炭疽病防治方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，属于植物病害防治技术领域。本发明防治方法包括在蓝莓绿果初期和果实转色初期，利用生物源农药和植物诱抗剂联合喷施。本发明通过生物源农药和植物诱抗剂在蓝莓两个关键生育时期进行联合防治，能够明显控制蓝莓炭疽病的发生，延长蓝莓果实货架保质期。此外，生物源农药和植物诱抗剂对人畜无害，不污染环境，保证了蓝莓果实的高品质生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物病害防治技术领域，尤其涉及一种蓝莓炭疽病防治方法。
背景技术
蓝莓，又名蓝梅、笃斯、笃柿，杜鹃花科越橘属，为细酸喜湿性果树作物。蓝莓不仅果实颜色具有诱人的魅力，而且风味独特，既可以鲜食也可加工，是极好的保健食品，深受广大消费者喜爱。据研究报道，每100克蓝莓果肉中含有蛋白质0.5克、碳水化合物12.9克、钙8毫克、磷9毫克、铁0.2毫克、钾70毫克、钠1毫克、锌0.26毫克、硒0.1克、维生素C 9毫克、维生素E1.7毫克，以及丰富的果酸、黄酮、SOD等。根据一些研究结果表明，与所测定的多种蔬菜水果相比，蓝莓的抗氧化能力最强，可以减少人体代谢所产生的自由基，而自由基与衰老及癌症的发生有着密切的关系。
蓝莓炭疽病是蓝莓果实采前和采后的主要果实病害，在蓝莓的干、嫩枝和叶片上更是随时发生。炭疽菌属的成员多是杂食性，有广泛的寄主谱，它们可寄生或腐生在不同科属植物上，在一种植物上也可同时被几种炭疽菌侵染。目前，国内已查明的蓝莓炭疽病菌主要是尖孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichumacutatum)和胶孢炭疽菌(C.gloeosporioides)，两种病菌可单独侵染，也可复合侵染，在南北方各大蓝莓产区普遍发生。尤其在蓝莓果实上，其症状形成凹陷状并长有橘黄色的、胶质状的孢子体，严重影响蓝莓果实的货架期存放及出售。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，通过在蓝莓绿果初期和果实转色处理利用生物源农药和植物诱抗剂联合喷施，明显提升了蓝莓对炭疽病的抗性，降低发病率。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：
一种蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，在蓝莓绿果初期和果实转色初期，利用生物源农药和植物诱抗剂联合喷施。
优选的是，所述生物源农药为木霉菌、香芹酚、丁子香酚中的一种或多种。
更优选的是，所述生物源农药的喷施浓度为1000-2000倍。
优选的是，所述植物诱抗剂为几丁聚糖、芸苔素内酯、亚精胺中的一种或多种。
更优选的是，所述植物诱抗剂的喷施浓度为：
所述几丁聚糖为50-500倍；所述芸苔素内酯为10-100倍；所述亚精胺为2000-3000倍。
优选的是，还包括秋后清园时、花芽膨大期及落花期全园喷施生物源农药。
更优选的是，所述生物源农药为乙蒜素、多抗霉素、井冈霉素和嘧啶核苷类抗菌素的一种或多种。
更优选的是，所述生物源农药的喷施浓度为100-1000倍。
优选的是，所述生物源农药和/或植物诱抗剂的喷施量为：喷施至蓝莓植株或果实表面滴水。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明提供了一种蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，在蓝莓绿果初期和果实转色初期，利用生物源农药和植物诱抗剂联合喷施。本发明生物源农药均为天然活性物质，在有效抑制蓝莓炭疽病病原菌的同时，无农药残留；本发明植物诱抗剂通过诱导或激活蓝莓植株产生抗性物质，对蓝莓炭疽病病原菌产生抗性物质，并抑制病原菌生长。本发明通过生物源农药和植物诱抗剂在蓝莓两个关键生育时期进行联合防治，能够明显控制蓝莓炭疽病的发生，延长蓝莓果实货架保质期。
此外，生物源农药和植物诱抗剂对人畜无害，不污染环境，保证了蓝莓果实的高品质生产。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，在蓝莓绿果初期和果实转色初期，利用生物源农药和植物诱抗剂联合喷施。
本发明生物源农药为木霉菌、香芹酚、丁子香酚中的一种或多种；进一步优选生物源农药为木霉菌、香芹酚、丁子香酚联用。本发明对上述生物源农药来源没有特殊要求，选用常规市售制剂即可。作为一种可实施方式，木霉菌为3×108CFU/g木霉菌可湿性粉剂，香芹酚为5％香芹酚水剂，丁子香酚为0.3％可溶液剂。
本发明优选生物源农药的喷施浓度为1000-2000倍，进一步优选1200-1800倍，更优选1500倍。
本发明优选植物诱抗剂为几丁聚糖、芸苔素内酯、亚精胺中的一种或多种；进一步优选植物诱抗剂为几丁聚糖、芸苔素内酯、亚精胺联用。本发明对上述植物诱抗剂来源没有特殊要求，选用常规市售制剂即可。作为一种可实施方式，几丁聚糖为0.5％几丁聚糖可溶液剂，芸苔素内脂为0.01％芸苔素内脂可溶液剂，亚精胺为99％亚精胺原液。
本发明优选植物诱抗剂的喷施浓度为：几丁聚糖为50-500倍，进一步优选100-300倍，更优选100倍；芸苔素内酯为10-100倍，进一步优选60-80倍，更优选50倍；所述亚精胺为2000-3000倍，进一步优选2200-2800倍，更优选2500倍。
本发明还包括优选秋后清园时、花芽膨大期及落花期全园喷施生物源农药。所述全园喷施还包括蓝莓果园地面。
进一步优选生物源农药为乙蒜素、多抗霉素、井冈霉素和嘧啶核苷类抗菌素的一种或多种；更优选生物源农药为乙蒜素、多抗霉素、井冈霉素和嘧啶核苷类抗菌素联用。本发明对上述生物源农药来源没有特殊要求，选用常规市售制剂即可。作为一种可实施方式，乙蒜素为2.6％乙蒜素乳油，多抗霉素为2.0％多抗霉素可湿性粉剂，井冈霉素为0.5％井冈霉素水剂，嘧啶核苷类抗菌素为3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素水剂。
本发明优选生物源农药的喷施浓度为100-1000倍，进一步优选300-700倍，更优选500倍。
本发明优选生物源农药和/或植物诱抗剂的喷施量为：喷施至蓝莓植株或果实表面滴水。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
试验品种：“粉蓝”蓝莓。
试验地点：于2019年在黔东南苗族侗族自治州麻江县宣威镇蓝莓基地实施。
本发明蓝莓炭疽病防治方法：
(1)秋后清园时，全园喷施(包括地面)500倍2.6％乙蒜素、100倍2.0％多抗霉素、100倍0.5％井冈霉素和500倍3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素；
(2)花芽膨大期，全园喷施(包括地面)300倍2.6％乙蒜素、200倍2.0％多抗霉素、200倍0.5％井冈霉素和300倍3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素；
(3)落花期，全园喷施(包括地面)100倍2.6％乙蒜素、100倍2.0％多抗霉素、200倍0.5％井冈霉素和300倍3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素；
(4)绿果初期，全园喷施蓝莓树1000倍3×108CFU/g木霉菌、1000倍5％香芹酚、1000倍0.3％丁子香酚、100倍0.5％几丁聚糖、10倍0.01％芸苔素内酯和2000倍99％亚精胺；
(5)果实转色初期，全园喷施蓝莓树2000倍3×108CFU/g木霉菌、2000倍5％香芹酚、2000倍0.3％丁子香酚、200倍0.5％几丁聚糖、50倍0.01％芸苔素内酯和3000倍99％亚精胺。
试验过程中，同时设置不喷施农药组(对照组)及喷施相同农药不加诱抗剂组，每组25株，成熟时每株采摘20个果实，采摘后果实置于温度为20±2℃，相对湿度85-95％层析冷柜中摆放。货架期10天后蓝莓炭疽病发病率指标结果见表1：
表1蓝莓炭疽病发病率情况(n＝500)
由表1中数据可见，与对照组比较，处理组有显著区别，并且喷施相同农药加诱抗剂组效果最好，能显著降低蓝莓炭疽病的发病率。说明在喷施农药相同情况下，在2个关键节点加入诱抗剂，能比喷施农药组明显降低炭疽病的发病率。并且对果实农药残留检测，发现农药均未超标。
实施例2
试验品种：“粉蓝”蓝莓。
试验地点：于2020年在黔东南苗族侗族自治州麻江县杏山镇蓝莓基地实施。
本发明蓝莓炭疽病防治方法：
(1)秋后清园时，全园喷施(包括地面)1000倍2.6％乙蒜素、1000倍2.0％多抗霉素、500倍0.5％井冈霉素和100倍3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素；
(2)花芽膨大期，全园喷施(包括地面)400倍2.6％乙蒜素、400倍2.0％多抗霉素、400倍0.5％井冈霉素和400倍3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素；
(3)落花期，全园喷施(包括地面)500倍2.6％乙蒜素、600倍2.0％多抗霉素、500倍0.5％井冈霉素和600倍3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素；
(4)绿果初期，全园喷施蓝莓树2000倍3×108CFU/g木霉菌、2000倍5％香芹酚、2000倍0.3％丁子香酚、50倍0.5％几丁聚糖、100倍0.01％芸苔素内酯和3000倍99％亚精胺；
(5)果实转色初期，全园喷施蓝莓树1000倍3×108CFU/g木霉菌、1000倍5％香芹酚、1000倍0.3％丁子香酚、300倍0.5％几丁聚糖、20倍0.01％芸苔素内酯和2000倍99％亚精胺。
试验过程中，同时设置不喷施农药组(对照组)及喷施相同农药不加诱抗剂组，每组25株，成熟时每株采摘20个果实，采摘后果实置于温度为20±2℃，相对湿度85-95％层析冷柜中摆放。货架期10天后蓝莓炭疽病发病率指标结果见表2：
表2蓝莓炭疽病发病率情况(n＝500)
由表2中数据可见，与对照组比较，处理组有显著区别，并且喷施相同农药加诱抗剂组效果最好，能显著降低蓝莓炭疽病的发病率。说明在喷施农药相同情况下，在2个关键节点加入诱抗剂，能比喷施农药组明显降低炭疽病的发病率。并且对果实农药残留检测，发现农药均未超标。
实施例3
试验品种：“粉蓝”蓝莓。
试验地点：于2019年在黔东南苗族侗族自治州麻江县龙山镇蓝莓基地实施。
本发明蓝莓炭疽病防治方法：
(1)秋后清园时，全园喷施(包括地面)800倍2.6％乙蒜素、800倍2.0％多抗霉素、800倍0.5％井冈霉素和800倍3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素；
(2)花芽膨大期，全园喷施(包括地面)100倍2.6％乙蒜素、100倍2.0％多抗霉素、100倍0.5％井冈霉素和100倍3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素；
(3)落花期，全园喷施(包括地面)600倍2.6％乙蒜素、600倍2.0％多抗霉素、600倍0.5％井冈霉素和600倍3％嘧啶核苷类抗菌素；
(4)绿果初期，全园喷施蓝莓树1500倍3×108CFU/g木霉菌、1500倍5％香芹酚、1500倍0.3％丁子香酚、100倍0.5％几丁聚糖、10倍0.01％芸苔素内酯和2500倍99％亚精胺；
(5)果实转色初期，全园喷施蓝莓树1500倍3×108CFU/g g木霉菌、1500倍5％香芹酚、1500倍0.3％丁子香酚、500倍0.5％几丁聚糖、50倍0.01％芸苔素内酯和2500倍99％亚精胺。
试验过程中，同时设置不喷施农药组(对照组)及喷施相同农药不加诱抗剂组，每组25株，成熟时每株采摘20个果实，采摘后果实置于温度为20±2℃，相对湿度85-95％层析冷柜中摆放。货架期10天后蓝莓炭疽病发病率指标结果见表3：
表3蓝莓炭疽病发病率情况(n＝500)
由表3中数据可见，与对照组比较，处理组有显著区别，并且喷施相同农药加诱抗剂组效果最好，能显著降低蓝莓炭疽病的发病率。说明在喷施农药相同情况下，在2个关键节点加入诱抗剂，能比喷施农药组明显降低炭疽病的发病率。并且对果实农药残留检测，发现农药均未超标。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，其特征在于，在蓝莓绿果初期和果实转色初期，利用生物源农药和植物诱抗剂联合喷施。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，其特征在于，所述生物源农药为木霉菌、香芹酚、丁子香酚中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，其特征在于，所述生物源农药的喷施浓度为1000-2000倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，其特征在于，所述植物诱抗剂为几丁聚糖、芸苔素内酯、亚精胺中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，其特征在于，所述植物诱抗剂的喷施浓度为：
所述几丁聚糖为50-500倍；所述芸苔素内酯为10-100倍；所述亚精胺为2000-3000倍。
6.根据权利要求1所述的蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，其特征在于，还包括秋后清园时、花芽膨大期及落花期全园喷施生物源农药。
7.根据权利要求6所述的蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，其特征在于，所述生物源农药为乙蒜素、多抗霉素、井冈霉素和嘧啶核苷类抗菌素的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，其特征在于，所述生物源农药的喷施浓度为100-1000倍。
9.根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的蓝莓炭疽病防治方法，其特征在于，所述生物源农药和/或植物诱抗剂的喷施量为：喷施至蓝莓植株或果实表面滴水。
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