CN114502724B - 基因修饰的nk细胞及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文公开了经基因修饰以包含编码C‑X‑C基序趋化因子受体1(CXCR1)的重组核酸的自然杀伤(NK)细胞、包含NK细胞的药物组合物、制备NK细胞的方法以及使用NK细胞治疗癌症或肿瘤的方法。在一个实施方案中,NK细胞共表达CXCR1以及NKG2D嵌合抗原受体(CAR)或EpCAM CAR。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年8月8日提交的新加坡申请号10201907378Q的优先权,其内容通过引用整体并入本文以用于所有目的。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及生物技术和细胞疗法领域。具体而言,本发明涉及用于癌症免疫疗法的基因修饰的NK细胞、其制备方法和在有需要的患者中的用途。
背景技术
近年来,在利用免疫效应细胞进行癌症治疗方面取得了巨大进展。使用表达嵌合抗原受体(CAR)的基因工程化的T淋巴细胞的癌症免疫疗法是治疗一些血液癌症的有效方法。CAR由细胞外抗原结合结构域(通常是来源于单克隆抗体的单链可变片段(scFv))和细胞内信号传导结构域组成。尽管最近在临床试验中取得了成功,但CAR修饰的T细胞仍然存在一些主要的限制。此外,为每位个体患者生产自体CAR-T细胞产品的需求在后勤上是苛刻的,并且对于在医疗实践中更广泛地采用具有限制性。其次,制造患者特异性的CAR-T细胞通常需要数周,这对于治疗患有晚期疾病的患者来说是重大缺陷。此外,并非总是可以从经过大量预治疗的患者中收集足够的淋巴细胞来产生足够数量的CAR-T细胞。同种异体的“现货”产品可以克服这些挑战,但同种异体T细胞会带来移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的重大风险。
自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)是一种淋巴细胞,它是先天免疫系统的一部分。NK细胞在癌症免疫监视中发挥着重要作用。与T细胞相比,它们不需要预先敏化和识别与主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)分子以复合物存在的肽抗原。相反,NK细胞的细胞毒性可以通过一系列天然受体的适当刺激而迅速触发,原则上这可以降低由CAR靶向抗原丢失而介导的复发或耐受性的风险。重要的是,在临床上转移同种异体NK细胞后的良好安全性且没有明显毒性(缺乏引起GVHD的可能性)被认为是相对于T细胞疗法的重要的实际优势。因此,使用自然杀伤(NK)细胞的过继细胞转移疗法是癌症患者最有希望的免疫治疗方式之一。然而,迄今为止,该方法的成功仅限于血液病恶性肿瘤患者。此外,由于实体瘤的特殊病理生理学特征,包括靶抗原异质性、CAR免疫细胞运输障碍以及肿瘤微环境的内在负调控机制,NK细胞疗法向非血液病恶性肿瘤的转化具有挑战性。
因此,本发明的目的是提供用于癌症免疫疗法的修饰的NK细胞,其解决了一些或所有上述问题。
发明内容
在一方面,本发明公开了一种自然杀伤(NK)细胞,该细胞经基因修饰以包含编码C-X-C基序趋化因子受体1(CXCR1)的重组核酸。
在另一方面,本发明公开了一种药物组合物,包含药学有效量的本发明的NK细胞和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在另一方面,本发明公开了一种治疗有需要的受试者的癌症或肿瘤的方法,包括向受试者施用药学有效量的本发明的NK细胞或本发明的药物组合物。
在另一方面,本发明公开了一种治疗有需要的受试者的癌症或肿瘤的方法,该方法包括:(i)从受试者或与待治疗的受试者不同的供体获得NK细胞;(ii)提供编码CXCR1的重组核酸;(iii)将编码CXCR1的重组核酸转移到NK细胞中,以获得基因修饰的NK细胞;和(iv)向受试者施用药学有效量的从(iii)中获得的NK细胞。
在另一方面,本发明公开了一种治疗有需要的受试者的癌症或肿瘤的方法,该方法包括:(i)从受试者或与待治疗的受试者不同的供体获得NK细胞;(ii)提供编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码重组嵌合抗原受体(CAR)的重组核酸;(iii)将编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码重组CAR的重组核酸转移到NK细胞中,以获得基因修饰的NK细胞;和(iv)向受试者施用药学有效量的从(iii)中获得的NK细胞。
在另一方面,本发明公开了一种制备本发明的NK细胞的方法,该方法包括:(i)获得或提供NK细胞;(ii)提供编码CXCR1的重组核酸;和(iii)将编码CXCR1的重组核酸转移到NK细胞中。
在进一步的方面,本发明公开了一种制备本发明的NK细胞的方法,该方法包括:(i)获得或提供NK细胞;(ii)提供编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码重组CAR的重组核酸;和(iii)将编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码重组CAR的重组核酸转移到NK细胞中。
附图说明
当结合非限制性实施例和附图考虑时,参考详细描述将更好地理解本发明,其中:
图1是可用于修饰本公开中描述的NK细胞的构建体的设计概念的示意图(A-C)。本公开的实施例中描述的特定构建体(D、E)用于产生CXCR1(D)和NKG2D嵌合抗原受体(CAR)(E)的重组mRNA转录物。
图2是流式细胞术直方图,显示了NK细胞中CXCR1的表达。(A)在大多数新鲜分离的NK细胞中观察到CXCR1表达。(B)如方法部分所述,离体扩增后,NK细胞中的CXCR1表达几乎完全丧失,其表达谱与同型对照几乎相同。(C)用CXCR1 mRNA电穿孔后,大部分离体扩增的NK细胞表达CXCR1,而在没有CXCR1 mRNA的情况下进行电穿孔的离体扩增的NK细胞(“空白(mock)”)几乎不表达或不表达CXCR1。结果表明,在离体扩增的NK细胞中,用编码CXCR1的mRNA对NK细胞进行电穿孔成功恢复并提高了CXCR1的表达。
图3是显示CXCR1转染的NK细胞向三种不同人类癌细胞迁移的柱状图。本实验评估了用CXCR1 mRNA进行电穿孔的NK细胞向来源于不同卵巢癌细胞系(SKOV3、CaOV3和SW626)的条件培养基的体外迁移,并与不添加任何mRNA进行电穿孔的NK细胞(空白NK细胞)的迁移进行了比较。与空白NK细胞相比,用CXCR1 mRNA进行电穿孔的NK细胞向分泌IL-8的肿瘤细胞迁移的能力更好。结果表明,CXCR1过表达增加了离体扩增的NK细胞向癌细胞的迁移能力。
图4显示了过表达CXCR1的NK细胞和空白NK细胞向SKOV3腹腔内异种移植物的细胞迁移研究的结果。通过腹腔注射SKOV3-luc细胞建立SKOV3异种移植模型。肿瘤接种7天后,使用荧光素对小鼠进行成像以确认腹腔中肿瘤的存在。然后根据相似的肿瘤负荷分配小鼠,然后尾静脉注射DiR标记的NK细胞。(A)显示两组小鼠肿瘤生长的生物发光图像。(B)空白NK细胞与过表达CXCR1的NK细胞向SKOV3异种移植物的体内迁移。NK细胞注射后,于24和48小时后对小鼠进行成像。(C)NK细胞注射后48小时从腹腔分离肿瘤并进行离体成像。从未经NK细胞处理的小鼠获得的肿瘤用作对照(对照肿瘤)。分离肿瘤的通量值显示在右侧。****:P<0.0001,过表达CXCR1的NK细胞和空白NK细胞之间的统计学显著性。结果表明,在NK细胞中过表达CXCR1可以提高静脉(i.v.)注射的NK细胞向腹腔肿瘤的迁移。
图5显示了过表达CXCR1的NK细胞和空白NK细胞对人类SKOV3卵巢癌细胞的腹腔内(i.p)异种移植物的体内杀伤能力的研究结果。腹腔注射SKOV3-luc细胞以建立腹腔卵巢癌异种移植模型。接种7天后,通过荧光素成像确认肿瘤负荷,并如材料和方法中所述注射NK细胞。(A)显示了肿瘤接种后第7天和第21天的生物发光图像。(B)第7天和第21天的肿瘤负荷的通量值绘制在条形图中。*:P<0.05,在第21天,过表达CXCR1的NK细胞和空白NK细胞之间的统计学显著性。结果表明,与空白NK细胞相比,过表达CXCR1的NK细胞对癌细胞表现出更高的杀伤能力。
图6显示了NKG2D CAR修饰的CXCR1过表达NK细胞和没有CXCR1过表达的NKG2D CAR修饰的NK细胞对肿瘤细胞的体内杀伤能力的研究结果。通过腹腔注射SKOV3-luc细胞建立SKOV3异种移植物模型。肿瘤接种7天后,使用荧光素对小鼠进行成像以确认腹膜中肿瘤的存在。然后根据相似的肿瘤负荷分配小鼠,然后尾静脉注射NK细胞。如方法部分所述注射NK细胞。(A)显示了肿瘤接种后第7天和第21天的生物发光图像。(B)第7天和第21天的肿瘤负荷的通量值绘制在条形图中。**:P<0.01,在第21天,NKG2D CAR修饰的CXCR1过表达NK细胞和没有CXCR1的NKG2D CAR修饰的NK细胞之间的统计学显著性。结果表明,NKG2D CAR修饰的CXCR1过表达NK细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力高于没有CXCR1过表达的NKG2D CAR修饰的NK细胞的杀伤能力。
图7显示了EpCAM CAR修饰的CXCR1过表达NK细胞的体外癌细胞杀伤能力的研究结果。NK细胞用编码抗EpCAM CAR的mRNA进行电穿孔。结果表明,与空白-对照NK细胞相比,修饰的NK细胞对SKOV3癌细胞的体外杀伤能力提高,证明了CXCR1修饰的CAR NK细胞具有杀死表达除NKG2D配体以外的靶标的肿瘤细胞的潜力。因此,单克隆抗体(在该情况下为抗EPCAM)的scFv也可用于重组CAR中,其与NK细胞中过表达的CXCR1一起提高了对卵巢癌细胞的杀伤能力。
图8显示了过表达CXCR1的NK细胞在FaDu皮下异种移植物模型中的体内肿瘤浸润的研究结果。在小鼠的左侧皮下接种FaDu人类下咽癌细胞,10天后通过尾静脉注射DiR标记的NK细胞。NK细胞注射后,每24小时对小鼠进行成像,直至72小时。(A)小鼠的全身成像。肿瘤部位的通量值(圆圈)绘制在条形图中,n=5。(B)NK细胞注射后72小时从右侧分离肿瘤并进行离体成像。从未注射NK细胞的小鼠获得的肿瘤用作对照。分离肿瘤的通量值显示在右侧,n=5。*:P<0.05,过表达CXCR1的NK细胞和空白NK细胞之间的统计学显著性。结果表明,在NK细胞中过表达CXCR1可以提高静脉注射的NK细胞向皮下肿瘤的迁移/浸润。
定义
“基因修饰的细胞”是指通过添加或修饰基因、DNA或RNA分子、或蛋白质或多肽而被修饰、转化或操纵的任何生物体的任何细胞。
如本文所用,术语“自然杀伤细胞”或“NK细胞”是指对先天免疫系统至关重要的一类细胞毒性淋巴细胞。NK细胞是大颗粒淋巴细胞(LGL),构成第三种从产生常见B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞的淋巴祖细胞分化而来的细胞。已知NK细胞在骨髓、淋巴结、脾脏、扁桃体和胸腺中分化和成熟,然后进入循环。NK细胞为病毒感染的细胞提供快速反应,并对肿瘤形成作出反应。通常,免疫细胞检测到存在于受感染细胞表面的主要组织相容性复合物(MHC),从而触发细胞因子释放,从而导致裂解或细胞凋亡。然而,NK细胞是不同的,因为它们具有在没有抗体和MHC的情况下识别压力细胞的能力,从而实现更快的免疫反应。它们被命名为“自然杀手”,因为最初的概念是它们不需要激活即可杀死缺少MHC I类标志物的细胞。这一作用特别重要,因为缺少MHC I标志物的有害细胞无法被其他免疫细胞(例如T淋巴细胞)检测到和破坏。由于NK细胞的作用不受MHC限制,因此在使用中不需要匹配个体患者的组织相容性复合物,即NK细胞可用于同种异体患者的细胞疗法,具有广泛的临床应用价值。
如本文所用,术语“C-X-C基序趋化因子受体1(CXCR1)”是指白细胞介素8受体α,其为趋化因子受体。在人类中,它由基因CXCR1(GeneCards标识符:GC02M218162)编码。CXCR1是G蛋白偶联受体家族的成员。它是白细胞介素8(IL8)的受体,以高亲和力与IL8结合。CXCR1还以高亲和力与C-X-C基序配体6(CXCL6)结合。在一个具体实例中,编码人CXCR1的核苷酸序列是5’-ATGTCAAATATTACAGATCCACAGATGTGGGATTTTGATGATCTAAATTTCACTGGCATGCCACCTGCAGATGAAGATTACAGCCCCTGTATGCTAGAAACTGAGACACTCAACAAGTATGTTGTGATCATCGCCTATGCCCTAGTGTTCCTGCTGAGCCTGCTGGGAAACTCCCTGGTGATGCTGGTCATCTTATACAGCAGGGTCGGCCGCTCCGTCACTGATGTCTACCTGCTGAACCTGGCCTTGGCCGACCTACTCTTTGCCCTGACCTTGCCCATCTGGGCCGCCTCCAAGGTGAATGGCTGGATTTTTGGCACATTCCTGTGCAAGGTGGTCTCACTCCTGAAGGAAGTCAACTTCTACAGTGGCATCCTGCTGTTGGCCTGCATCAGTGTGGACCGTTACCTGGCCATTGTCCATGCCACACGCACACTGACCCAGAAGCGTCACTTGGTCAAGTTTGTTTGTCTTGGCTGCTGGGGACTGTCTATGAATCTGTCCCTGCCCTTCTTCCTTTTCCGCCAGGCTTACCATCCAAACAATTCCAGTCCAGTTTGCTATGAGGTCCTGGGAAATGACACAGCAAAATGGCGGATGGTGTTGCGGATCCTGCCTCACACCTTTGGCTTCATCGTGCCGCTGTTTGTCATGCTGTTCTGCTATGGATTCACCCTGCGTACACTGTTTAAGGCCCACATGGGGCAGAAGCACCGAGCCATGAGGGTCATCTTTGCTGTCGTCCTCATCTTCCTGCTTTGCTGGCTGCCCTACAACCTGGTCCTGCTGGCAGACACCCTCATGAGGACCCAGGTGATCCAGGAGAGCTGTGAGCGCCGCAACAACATCGGCCGGGCCCTGGATGCCACTGAGATTCTGGGATTTCTCCATAGCTGCCTCAACCCCATCATCTACGCCTTCATCGGCCAAAATTTTCGCCATGGATTCCTCAAGATCCTGGCTATGCATGGCCTGGTCAGCAAGGAGTTCTTGGCACGTCATCGTGTTACCTCCTACACTTCTTCGTCTGTCAATGTCTCTTCCAACCTCTGA-3’(SEQ ID NO:1)(NCBI参考序列:NM_000634.3)。在这个具体实例中,CXCR1的氨基酸序列是(从N末端到C末端):MSNITDPQMWDFDDLNFTGMPPADEDYSPCMLETETLNKYVVIIAYALVFLLSLLGNSLVMLVILYSRVGRSVTDVYLLNLALADLLFALTLPIWAASKVNGWIFGTFLCKVVSLLKEVNFYSGILLLACISVDRYLAIVHATRTLTQKRHLVKFVCLGCWGLSMNLSLPFFLFRQAYHPNNSSPVCYEVLGNDTAKWRMVLRILPHTFGFIVPLFVMLFCYGFTLRTLFKAHMGQKHRAMRVIFAVVLIFLLCWLPYNLVLLADTLMRTQVIQESCERRNNIGRALDATEILGFLHSCLNPIIYAFIGQNFRHGFLKILAMHGLVSKEFLARHRVTSYTSSSVNVSSNL(SEQ IDNO:2)。
如本文所用,术语“嵌合抗原受体”或缩写形式“CAR”是指人工受体蛋白或嵌合免疫受体,并且包含将人工特异性移植到特定免疫效应细胞上的工程化受体。CAR可用于将单克隆抗体的特异性赋予NK细胞,从而可以产生大量的特异性NK细胞,例如用于过继细胞疗法。CAR通常包括细胞内激活结构域、跨膜结构域和包含抗原结合区的细胞外结构域。CAR可以将基于抗体的对所需抗原的特异性与激活NK细胞受体的细胞内结构域相结合,以产生具有特定细胞免疫活性(例如抗肿瘤细胞免疫活性)的嵌合蛋白。在一些情况下,分子可以与CAR共表达,包括共刺激分子、用于成像的报告基因、在添加前药后有条件地清除NK细胞的基因产物、归巢受体、趋化因子、趋化因子受体、细胞因子和细胞因子受体。
如本文所用,术语“抗原”是能够被抗体或细胞表面受体结合的分子。抗原通常可用于诱导体液免疫反应和/或导致淋巴细胞产生的细胞免疫反应。
如本文所用,术语“抗体”是指全长(即,天然存在的或通过正常免疫球蛋白基因片段重组过程形成)免疫球蛋白分子(例如,IgG抗体)或免疫球蛋白分子中具有免疫学活性(即,特异性地结合)的部分,例如抗体片段。“抗体”包括单克隆、多克隆、双特异性、多特异性、鼠、嵌合、人源化和人抗体。
如本文所用,术语“抗体片段”是完整抗体的一部分,例如F(ab’)2、F(ab)2、Fab’、Fab、Fv、scFv或dAb。无论结构如何,本文所用的抗体片段与全长抗体识别的相同抗原结合。例如,抗体片段包括由可变区组成的分离片段,例如由重链和轻链可变区组成的“Fv”片段,或重组单链多肽分子,其中轻链和重链可变区通过肽接头连接(“scFv蛋白”)。“单链抗体”(通常缩写为“scFv”)由包含VH和VL结构域的多肽链组成,所述VH和VL结构域相互作用以形成抗原结合位点。VH和VL结构域通常由1至25个氨基酸残基的肽连接。抗体片段还包括双抗体、三抗体和单结构域抗体(dAb)。在一些实例中,抗体“片段”包含抗体氨基酸序列的至少5个连续氨基酸残基、至少10个连续氨基酸残基、至少15个连续氨基酸残基、至少20个连续氨基酸残基、至少25个连续氨基酸残基、至少40个连续氨基酸残基、至少50个连续氨基酸残基、至少60个连续氨基酸残基、至少70个连续氨基酸残基、至少80个连续氨基酸残基、至少90个连续氨基酸残基、至少100个连续氨基酸残基、至少125个连续氨基酸残基、至少150个连续氨基酸残基、至少175个连续氨基酸残基、至少200个连续氨基酸残基、或至少250个连续氨基酸残基的氨基酸序列。
当指配体/受体、核酸/互补核酸、抗体/抗原或其他结合对(例如,细胞因子与细胞因子受体)时,“特异性地”或“选择性地”结合表示结合反应,其决定了蛋白质和其他生物制剂的异质群体中蛋白质的存在。因此,在指定的条件下,指定的配体与特定的受体结合,而不会与样品中存在的其他蛋白质大量结合。特异性结合还可以意指,例如,来源于抗体的抗原结合位点的结合化合物、核酸配体、抗体或结合组合物以比任何其他结合化合物的亲和力至少高出25%、至少高出50%、至少高出100%(2倍)、至少高出5倍、至少高出10倍、至少高出20倍或至少高出100倍的亲和力与其靶标结合。
自然杀伤组2,成员D,也称为Klrk1(NKG2D),是C型凝集素样受体,它首先在NK细胞中被鉴定为激活免疫受体。NKG2D是II型跨膜糖蛋白,在细胞内结构域中不包含任何已知的信号传导元件。类似于许多激活受体,NKG2D依赖于衔接分子来启动信号转导和细胞激活。在人类中,NKG2D不仅由所有NK细胞表达,而且还由所有CD8+T细胞和γδ+T细胞亚群表达为共刺激受体。NKG2D的表达和信号传导可以受细胞因子和肿瘤衍生因子的调节。细胞因子,例如IL-2、IL-7、IL-12、IL-15和I型干扰素(IFN)会增加NKG2D的细胞表面表达。已显示细胞因子如IL-21、IFN-γ和TGF-β可降低NKG2D表达。据报道,IL-21可降低人CD8+T细胞和NK细胞中的NKG2D表达。在小鼠中,NK细胞的IL-21刺激依赖于调节乳腺癌小鼠模型中的NKG2D表达。
上皮细胞粘附分子(EpCAM)是介导上皮细胞中的Ca2+非依赖性同型细胞-细胞粘附的跨膜糖蛋白。正常上皮细胞中的EpCAM主要在基底侧膜上表达,因此与位于癌细胞表面上的癌组织中的EpCAM相比,预计对抗体的可及性要低得多。术语“多核苷酸”、“核酸”和“寡核苷酸”可互换使用,是指任何长度的核苷酸的聚合形式,可以是脱氧核糖核苷酸或核糖核苷酸或其类似物。多核苷酸可以具有任何三维结构并且可以执行任何已知或未知的功能。以下是多核苷酸的非限制性实例:基因或基因片段(例如探针、引物、EST或SAGE标签)、外显子、内含子、信使RNA(mRNA)、转移RNA、核糖体RNA、核酶、cDNA、重组多核苷酸、分支多核苷酸、质粒、载体、任何序列的分离DNA、任何序列的分离RNA、核酸探针和引物。多核苷酸可以包含修饰的核苷酸,例如甲基化的核苷酸和核苷酸类似物。如果存在,可以在多核苷酸组装之前或之后赋予对核苷酸结构的修饰。核苷酸序列可以被非核苷酸组分中断。多核苷酸可以在聚合后被进一步修饰,例如通过与标记组分缀合。该术语还指双链和单链分子。除非另有说明或要求,多核苷酸包含双链形式和已知或预计构成双链形式的两种互补单链形式中的每一种。
如本文所用,术语“重组核酸”是指通过基因重组(例如分子克隆)的实验室方法将来自多种来源的遗传物质聚集在一起而形成的核酸。用于构建重组核酸分子的核酸序列可以来源于任何物种。例如,人类核酸可以与细菌核酸结合。此外,自然界中不存在的核酸序列可以通过核酸的化学合成产生,并掺入重组分子中。可以由活细胞内重组核酸表达产生的蛋白质称为重组蛋白质。当将编码蛋白质的重组核酸引入宿主生物体时,不一定会产生重组蛋白质。外源蛋白的表达需要使用专门的表达载体,并且通常需要通过外源编码序列进行重大重组。
如本文所用,术语“载体”是指非染色体核酸,其包含完整复制子,使得当置于(例如通过转化过程)允许的细胞内时,载体可以复制。载体可以在一种细胞类型(例如细菌)中复制,但在另一种细胞(例如哺乳动物细胞)中复制的能力有限。载体可以是病毒的或非病毒的。用于递送核酸的示例性非病毒载体包括裸DNA;与阳离子脂质复合的DNA,单独或与阳离子聚合物结合;阴离子和阳离子脂质体;DNA-蛋白质复合物和颗粒,包含与阳离子聚合物如异质多聚赖氨酸、定长寡肽和聚乙烯亚胺缩合的DNA,在一些情况下包含在脂质体中;以及包含病毒和多聚赖氨酸-DNA的三元复合物的用途。
如在启动子和核酸的背景中所使用的,术语“可操作地连接”是指启动子可用于启动该核酸的转录。
如本文所用,术语“转移”或“转染”是指将外源核酸引入宿主细胞的一般过程,所述过程可以是机械转染(包括电穿孔)、化学转染或病毒转导。“转染的”细胞是已经使用上述任何方法用外源核酸转染的细胞。细胞包括原代受试者细胞及其后代。
如本文所用,术语“自体”意指来源于同一个体的任何材料,随后将其重新引入该个体。
如本文所用,术语“同种异体”是指来源于与其随后将被引入的个体不同的个体的任何材料。
如本文所用,“百分比同一性”是指两个肽之间或两个核酸分子之间的序列同一性。百分比同一性可以通过比较每个序列中的位置来确定,序列可以为了比较的目的而被比对。当被比较的序列中的位置被相同的碱基或氨基酸占据时,则分子在该位置是同一的。
如本文所用,术语“肽”、“多肽”和“蛋白质”可互换使用,是指具有通过肽键共价连接的氨基酸残基的化合物。蛋白质或肽必须包含至少两个氨基酸,并且对可以包括蛋白质或肽序列的氨基酸的最大数量没有限制。多肽包括具有通过肽键彼此连接的两个或更多个氨基酸的任何肽或蛋白质。如本文所用,该术语指代短链,所述短链在本领域中也通常称为例如肽、寡肽和寡聚体,以及较长链,所述较长链在本领域中通常称为蛋白质,其中有很多类型。“多肽”包括例如生物活性片段、基本上同源的多肽、寡肽、同二聚体、异二聚体、多肽的变体、修饰的多肽、衍生物、类似物、融合蛋白等。多肽包括天然肽、重组肽、合成肽或其组合。
如本文所用,短语“同源”或“变体”核苷酸序列,或“同源”或“变体”氨基酸序列是指特征在于在核苷酸水平或氨基酸水平上至少具有指定百分比的同一性的序列。同源核苷酸序列包括编码天然存在的等位基因变体和本文所述的核苷酸序列突变的那些序列。同源核苷酸序列包括编码除人类之外的哺乳动物物种的蛋白质的核苷酸序列。同源氨基酸序列包括那些含有保守氨基酸取代并且多肽具有相同结合和/或活性的氨基酸序列。在一些实例中,同源核苷酸或氨基酸序列与比较序列具有至少60%或更多(例如至少70%、或至少75%、或至少80%、或至少85%、或至少90%、或至少95%、或至少98%或至少99%)的同一性。在一些实例中,同源核苷酸或氨基酸序列与比较序列具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%的同一性。在一些实例中,同源氨基酸序列具有不超过15个、或不超过10个、或不超过5个或不超过3个保守氨基酸取代。百分比同一性可以通过例如Gap程序(Wisconsin Sequence Analysis Package,Version 8for UNIX,GeneticsComputer Group,University Research Park,Madison Wis.)使用默认设置确定,该程序使用Smith和Waterman的算法。在一些实例中,根据本公开用于修饰NK细胞的重组核酸分子与本文公开的示例性核苷酸序列(例如在SEQ ID NO:1、3、4、5、6、7、9、12、13、14、15或16中的任何一个中提供的序列)同源。在一些其他实例中,在修饰的NK细胞中表达的CXCR1和/或嵌合抗原受体(CAR)与本文公开的示例性氨基酸序列(例如在SEQ ID NO:2、8、10或11中的任何一个中提供的序列)同源。
术语“表达”是指在细胞中产生基因产物。术语“过表达”是指与对照细胞中的表达水平相比,人为的增加基因的表达量。在一些实例中,对照细胞是从受试者分离的原代NK细胞。在一些实例中,对照细胞是从分离自受试者的原代NK细胞的扩增获得的NK细胞。在一些实例中,对照细胞是来自受试者的离体扩增的NK细胞之一,所述细胞已经用空载体或没有用任何核酸转染。
当提及表达时,术语“瞬时”意指多核苷酸未被掺入细胞基因组中。相反,当提及表达时,术语“稳定”意指多核苷酸被掺入细胞基因组中。瞬时表达可以由被引入的构建体发生,该构建体包含在宿主细胞中起作用的表达信号,但是该构建体不复制并且很少整合到宿主细胞中,或者宿主细胞没有增殖。瞬时表达也可以通过诱导与感兴趣基因可操作地连接的可调控启动子的活性来完成,尽管这样的可诱导系统经常表现出低的基础表达水平。可以通过引入可以整合到宿主基因组中或在宿主细胞中自主复制的核酸构建体来实现稳定表达。可以通过使用位于表达构建体上或与表达构建体一起转染的选择标记来选择感兴趣基因的稳定表达,然后选择表达该标记的细胞。当整合产生稳定的表达时,构建体的整合可以在宿主基因组内随机发生,或者可以通过使用这样的构建体来靶向:该构建体包含与宿主基因组同源的区域,足以靶向与宿主基因座的重组。当构建体靶向内源基因座时,所有或一些转录和翻译调控区可以由内源基因座提供。为了在宿主细胞中实现表达,转化的核酸与在宿主细胞中起作用的转录和翻译起始和终止调控区可操作地结合。
如本文所用,术语“肿瘤”是指由组织异常生长引起的身体部分的肿块,通常没有炎症。肿瘤可以是良性的或恶性的(即癌性的)。良性肿瘤不会浸润附近的组织或扩散到身体的其他部位。常见的良性肿瘤类型包括腺瘤、纤维瘤、血管瘤、脂肪瘤、脑膜瘤、肌瘤、神经瘤和骨软骨瘤。腺瘤是始于腺体或腺样结构的上皮组织的良性肿瘤。常见类型的腺瘤是结肠息肉。腺瘤也可能在肝脏或肾上腺、垂体或甲状腺中生长。纤维瘤是可以在任何器官中生长的纤维或结缔组织肿瘤。血管瘤是皮肤或内脏器官中血管细胞的积聚。脂肪瘤由脂肪细胞生长。它们是成人中最常见的良性肿瘤,常见于颈部、肩部、背部或手臂。脑膜瘤是从大脑和脊髓周围的膜发展而来的肿瘤。肌瘤是从肌肉生长的肿瘤。神经瘤是从神经发展而来的肿瘤。骨软骨瘤是从骨骼发展而来的肿瘤。
如本文所用,术语“癌症”是指由于丧失或正常控制而不受控制的细胞增殖,导致不受控制的生长、缺乏分化、局部组织浸润和通常的转移。有几种主要类型的癌症。癌是始于皮肤或排列或覆盖内脏器官的组织的癌症。肉瘤是始于骨骼、软骨、脂肪、肌肉、血管或其他结缔组织或支持组织的癌症。白血病是始于骨髓等造血组织的癌症,导致大量异常血细胞产生并进入血液。淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓瘤是始于免疫系统细胞的癌症。中枢神经系统癌症是始于大脑和脊髓组织的癌症。
具体实施方式
本申请的发明人发现,在用编码C-X-C基序趋化因子受体1(CXCR1)的基因对自然杀伤(NK)细胞进行基因修饰以诱导CXCR1的表达后,基因修饰的NK细胞表现出向肿瘤细胞释放的细胞因子的迁移能力提高以及对实体瘤的浸润增强。迁移提高和浸润增强导致NK细胞的抗肿瘤反应提高。
因此,在一个实例中,本发明涉及自然杀伤(NK)细胞,其经基因修饰以包含编码C-X-C基序趋化因子受体1(CXCR1)的重组核酸。编码CXCR1的重组核酸的引入引起NK细胞中CXCR1的诱导表达。
CXCR1的表达水平在不同类型的NK细胞之间有所不同。在一些实例中,从受试者分离的未修饰的原代NK细胞不表达CXCR1。对于此类NK细胞,进行基因修饰以表达CXCR1。在一些其他实例中,从受试者分离的未修饰的原代NK细胞在分离时表达CXCR1。然而,在NK细胞扩增(这是为临床应用提供足够的NK细胞所必需的)后,CXCR1的表达降低。对于此类NK细胞,在NK细胞扩增后进行基因修饰,以将CXCR1的表达恢复到至少与细胞扩增前在分离的NK细胞中CXCR1的表达水平相同的水平,或使CXCR1过表达至比细胞扩增前在分离的NK细胞中CXCR1的表达水平更高的水平。在一些其他实例中,从受试者分离的未修饰的原代NK细胞表达CXCR1,并且在NK细胞扩增后CXCR1的表达水平不降低。对于此类NK细胞,进行基因修饰以使CXCR1过表达至比细胞扩增前或细胞扩增后在分离的NK细胞中CXCR1的表达水平更高的水平。在一些实例中,CXCR1的过表达导致与对照NK细胞相比,CXCR1在基因修饰的NK细胞中的表达增加至少约10%、或至少约20%、或至少约30%、或至少约40%、或至少约50%、或至少约60%、或至少约70%、或至少约80%、或至少约90%,或至少约1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍。
在一些实例中,CXCR1在基因修饰的NK细胞中的表达或过表达可以是瞬时的或稳定的。
在一些实例中,NK细胞通过本领域熟知的方法衍生自人类外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)、未刺激的白细胞单采产物(PBSC)、人类胚胎干细胞(hESC)、诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)、骨髓或脐带血。在一个具体实例中,人类外周血单个核细胞用于衍生NK细胞。NK细胞可以通过本领域熟知的方法进行分离和扩增。在一种示例性方法中,PBMC通过梯度离心从血沉棕黄层中分离。PBMC分离后,将细胞与经γ辐射的K562细胞在补充有FBS和IL2(Peprotech,Rocky Hills,NJ)的SCGM培养基(Cellgenix GmbH,Freiburg,Germany)中共培养。每2–3天更新一半培养基。细胞扩增7天后,用K562细胞重新刺激NK细胞。总共刺激2轮后,NK细胞可用于下游实验。
在另一个实例中,提供了制备经基因修饰以包含编码C-X-C基序趋化因子受体1(CXCR1)的重组核酸的自然杀伤(NK)细胞的方法,该方法包括:(1)获得或提供NK细胞;(2)提供编码CXCR1的重组核酸;和(3)将编码CXCR1的重组核酸转移到NK细胞中。在一些实例中,步骤(3)中重组核酸被转移到的NK细胞中的一些或大部分或所有不表达CXCR1或已经丧失CXCR1的表达。在一些其他实例中,该方法进一步包括,在步骤(1)之后,培养NK细胞以扩大NK细胞的数量。NK细胞扩增方法是本领域已知的并且在本申请的实验部分中举例说明。
可以使用本领域已知的方法产生编码CXCR1的重组核酸。例如,可以将编码CXCR1的核苷酸序列插入适当的表达载体(即含有用于转录和翻译插入的蛋白质编码序列的必要元件的载体)中。必要的转录和翻译信号也可以由天然CXCR1基因和/或其侧翼区域提供。多种宿主-载体系统可用于表达蛋白质编码序列。这些包括但不限于感染病毒(例如牛痘病毒、腺病毒等)的哺乳动物细胞系统、感染病毒(例如杆状病毒)的昆虫细胞系统、微生物(例如含有酵母载体的酵母)、或用噬菌体、DNA、质粒DNA或粘粒DNA转化的细菌、转基因植物或转基因非人类动物。载体的表达元件的强度和特异性各不相同。根据所使用的宿主-载体系统,可以使用多种合适的转录和翻译元件中的任何一种。
用于将DNA片段插入载体的任何已知方法可用于构建含有嵌合基因的表达载体,该嵌合基因由适当的转录/翻译控制信号和蛋白质编码序列组成。示例性方法包括体外重组DNA和合成技术。编码CXCR1的核酸序列的表达可以由第二核酸序列调节,使得CXCR1肽在用重组DNA分子转化的宿主中表达。例如,CXCR1的表达可以由本领域已知的任何启动子/增强子元件控制。可用于控制CXCR1表达的非天然CXCR1启动子的启动子包括但不限于原核启动子,例如T7启动子、T7lac启动子、Sp6启动子、araBAD启动子、trp启动子、lac启动子、Ptac启动子和pL启动子。在具体实例中,使用的启动子是具有5’-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:3)序列的T7启动子。T7启动子用于启动下游DNA序列(例如CXCR1编码序列)的转录。
如上所述的表达载体可以进一步包括在编码CXCR1的DNA之后的3’非翻译区(3’UTR)。3’UTR可以包含调控区,所述调控区通过影响例如多腺苷酸化、翻译效率、定位和/或mRNA的稳定性来影响转录后CXCR1的表达。3’-UTR包含调控蛋白和microRNA(miRNA)的结合位点。通过与3’-UTR内的特定位点结合,miRNA可以通过抑制翻译或直接引起转录物降解来降低各种mRNA的基因表达。3’-UTR也可以具有与阻遏蛋白结合并抑制mRNA表达的沉默区。许多3’-UTR还包含富含AU的元件(ARE)。蛋白质结合ARE,以局部方式影响转录物的稳定性或衰减率或影响翻译起始。此外,3’-UTR可以包含序列AAUAAA,该序列指导将数百个称为poly(A)尾巴的腺嘌呤残基添加到mRNA转录物的末端。Poly(A)结合蛋白(PABP)与该尾巴结合,有助于调节mRNA翻译、稳定性和输出。例如,poly(A)尾巴结合的PABP与和转录物的5’端结合的蛋白质相互作用,导致mRNA的环化,促进翻译。3’-UTR还可以包含吸引蛋白质以将mRNA与细胞骨架结合、将其运输到细胞核或从细胞核运输或执行其他类型定位的序列。除了3’-UTR内的序列外,该区域的物理特征(包括其长度和二级结构)也有助于翻译调控。在一个实例中,CXCR1表达载体中使用的3’UTR是来自α珠蛋白、β珠蛋白基因、生长激素基因的3’UTR。在一个具体实例中,所用的3’UTR是具有5’-GCTGCCTTCTGCGGGGCTTGCCTTCTGGCCATGCCCTTCTTCTCTCCCTTGCACCTGTACCTCTTGGTCTTTGAATAAAGCCTGAGTAGGAAG-3’(SEQ ID NO:4)(NCBI参考序列NM_008218.2)序列的小鼠α珠蛋白3’UTR,其中下划线序列是增强mRNA稳定性的polyA信号。
在一个具体实例中,含有T7启动子、编码CXCR1的核苷酸序列和α珠蛋白3’UTR的重组构建体具有以下的核苷酸序列:5’-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAAATAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGTAAGAAGAAATATAAGAACCGGTGCCACCATGTCAAATATTACAGATCCACAGATGTGGGATTTTGATGATCTAAATTTCACTGGCATGCCACCTGCAGATGAAGATTACAGCCCCTGTATGCTAGAAACTGAGACACTCAACAAGTATGTTGTGATCATCGCCTATGCCCTAGTGTTCCTGCTGAGCCTGCTGGGAAACTCCCTGGTGATGCTGGTCATCTTATACAGCAGGGTCGGCCGCTCCGTCACTGATGTCTACCTGCTGAACCTGGCCTTGGCCGACCTACTCTTTGCCCTGACCTTGCCCATCTGGGCCGCCTCCAAGGTGAATGGCTGGATTTTTGGCACATTCCTGTGCAAGGTGGTCTCACTCCTGAAGGAAGTCAACTTCTACAGTGGCATCCTGCTGTTGGCCTGCATCAGTGTGGACCGTTACCTGGCCATTGTCCATGCCACACGCACACTGACCCAGAAGCGTCACTTGGTCAAGTTTGTTTGTCTTGGCTGCTGGGGACTGTCTATGAATCTGTCCCTGCCCTTCTTCCTTTTCCGCCAGGCTTACCATCCAAACAATTCCAGTCCAGTTTGCTATGAGGTCCTGGGAAATGACACAGCAAAATGGCGGATGGTGTTGCGGATCCTGCCTCACACCTTTGGCTTCATCGTGCCGCTGTTTGTCATGCTGTTCTGCTATGGATTCACCCTGCGTACACTGTTTAAGGCCCACATGGGGCAGAAGCACCGAGCCATGAGGGTCATCTTTGCTGTCGTCCTCATCTTCCTGCTTTGCTGGCTGCCCTACAACCTGGTCCTGCTGGCAGACACCCTCATGAGGACCCAGGTGATCCAGGAGAGCTGTGAGCGCCGCAACAACATCGGCCGGGCCCTGGATGCCACTGAGATTCTGGGATTTCTCCATAGCTGCCTCAACCCCATCATCTACGCCTTCATCGGCCAAAATTTTCGCCATGGATTCCTCAAGATCCTGGCTATGCATGGCCTGGTCAGCAAGGAGTTCTTGGCACGTCATCGTGTTACCTCCTACACTTCTTCGTCTGTCAATGTCTCTTCCAACCTCTGAGTCGACCCAAGCTTGCTGCCTTCTGCGGGGCTTGCCTTCTGGCCATGCCCTTCTTCTCTCCCTTGCACCTGTACCTCTTGGTCTTTGAATAAAGCCTGAGTAGGAAG-3’(SEQ ID NO:5)。
在一些实例中,重组表达载体的基本骨架是可商购的载体,其中插入了上述元件中的每一个。示例性表达载体包括但不限于pFastbac1、pALTER-Ex1、pALTER-Ex2、pCal-n、pCal-n-EK、pCal-c、pCal-Kc、pcDNA 2.1、pDUAL、pET-3a-c、pET-9a-d、pET-11a-d、pET-12a-c、pET-14b、pET-15b、pET-16b、pET-17b、pET-19b、pET-20b(+)、pET-21a-d(+)、pET-22b(+)、pET-23a-d(+)、pET-24a-d(+)、pET-25b(+)、pET-26b(+)、pET-27b(+)、pET-28a-c(+)、pET-29a-c(+)、pET-30a-c(+)、pET-31b(+)、pET-32a-c(+)、pET-33b(+)、pET-34b(+)、pET-35b(+)、pET-36b(+)、pET-37b(+)、pET-38b(+)、pET-39b(+)、pET-40b(+)、pET-41a-c(+)、pET-42a-c(+)、pET-43a-c(+)、pETBlue-1、pETBlue-2、pETBlue-3、pGEMEX-1、pGEMEX-2、pRSET、pTriEx-1和pTriEx-2表达载体。在一个具体实例中,表达载体是pFastbac1表达载体。
可以使用本领域公知的分子克隆技术将编码CXCR1的核酸克隆到表达载体中。在一些实例中,用于分子克隆的引物如下:正向引物:5’-AATAACCGGTGCCACCATGTCAAATATTACAGATCCACAGATG-3’(含有Age-I位点)(SEQ ID NO:6)和反向引物5’-TAAAGTCGACTCAGAGGTTGGAAGAGACATTGA-3’(含有Sal-I位点)(SEQ ID NO:7)。
本领域通常已知的方法可用于从上述重组表达载体转录mRNA。例如,可以使用重组表达载体作为DNA模板进行PCR,以产生线性DNA模板。然后可以使用所产生的线性DNA模板的体外转录来产生CXCR1 mRNA。任选地,在进行体外转录之前纯化线性DNA模板。
待转移到NK细胞中的编码CXCR1的重组核酸可以是编码CXCR1的DNA,或通过DNA转录获得的mRNA。转移可以通过电穿孔、非病毒化学转染、使用逆转录病毒或慢病毒载体的病毒转导以本领域常用的方式进行。
在另一个实例中,如上所述修饰的自然杀伤(NK)细胞被进一步基因修饰以表达重组嵌合抗原受体(CAR)。在一些实例中,CAR包含细胞内信号传导结构域、跨膜结构域和包含抗原结合区的细胞外结构域。在一些实例中,此类重组CAR的表达允许基因修饰的NK细胞在细胞表面表达CAR的抗体结合结构域,从而赋予不依赖于MHC的新型抗原特异性。
抗原识别结构域包括对靶标的抗原、受体、肽配体或蛋白质配体具有选择性或靶向靶标的抗原、受体、肽配体或蛋白质配体的多肽;或靶标的多肽。抗原识别结构域可以从与配体结合和/或信号转导相关的多种细胞外结构域或分泌蛋白中的任何一种获得。抗原识别结构域可以包括与一部分Ig轻链连接的一部分Ig重链,构成与靶抗原特异性结合的单链可变片段(scFv)。抗体可以是单克隆或多克隆抗体,或者可以是与靶抗原特异性结合的任何类型。在另一个实施方案中,抗原识别结构域可以是受体或配体。
抗原结合区的选择取决于限定靶细胞表面的配体的类型和数量。例如,抗原结合区可以选择能够识别充当与特定疾病状态相关的靶细胞上的细胞表面标志物的配体。可以充当CAR中抗原结合区识别的配体的细胞表面标志物的实例包括与癌症和/或肿瘤细胞、自身免疫性疾病以及病毒、细菌和寄生虫感染相关或特定于癌症和/或肿瘤细胞、自身免疫性疾病以及病毒、细菌和寄生虫感染的细胞表面标志物。
在CAR的一些实例中,细胞外结构域的抗原结合区与肿瘤相关抗原、肿瘤特异性抗原或病原体特异性抗原结合。然后可以根据抗原结合特异性将包含此类CAR的基因修饰的NK细胞重定向至肿瘤相关抗原、肿瘤特异性抗原或病原体特异性抗原。肿瘤特异性抗原是肿瘤细胞独有的,不会出现在身体的其他细胞上。肿瘤相关抗原不是肿瘤细胞独有的,而是在不能诱导对抗原的免疫耐受状态的条件下也在正常细胞上表达。抗原在肿瘤上的表达可能发生在使免疫系统能够对抗原作出反应的条件下。肿瘤相关抗原可以是在胚胎发育期间在免疫系统不成熟且无法反应时在正常细胞上表达的抗原,或者它们可以是通常在正常细胞上以极低水平存在但在肿瘤细胞上以高得多的水平表达的抗原。肿瘤相关或肿瘤特异性抗原的非限制性实例包括以下:NKG2D、分化抗原如MART-l/MelanA(MART-1)、gp100(Pmel17)、酪氨酸酶、TRP-1、TRP-2和肿瘤特异性多系抗原如MAGE-1、MAGE-3、BAGE、GAGE-1、GAGE-2、p15;过表达的胚胎抗原,例如CEA;过表达的致癌基因和突变的肿瘤抑制基因,例如p53、Ras、HER-2/neu;由染色体易位产生的独特肿瘤抗原,例如BCR-ABL、E2A-PRL、H4-RET、1GH-IGK、MYL-RAR;和病毒抗原,例如Epstein Barr病毒抗原EBVA和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)抗原E6和E7。其他大的基于蛋白质的抗原包括TSP-180、MAGE-4、MAGE-5、MAGE-6、RAGE、NY-ESO、pl85erbB2、pl80erbB-3、c-met、nm-23Hl、PSA、TAG-72、CA 19-9、CA 72-4、CAM 17.1、NuMa、K-ras、β-连环蛋白、CDK4、Mum-1、p15、p16、43-9F、5T4、791Tgp72、甲胎蛋白、β-HCG、BCA225、BTAA、CA 125、CA 15-3\CA 27.29\BCAA、CA 195、CA 242、CA-50、CAM43、CD68\I、CO-029、FGF-5、G250、Ga733V、EpCAM、HTgp-175、M344、MA-50、MG7-Ag、MOV18、NB/70K、NY-CO-1、RCAS1、SDCCAG16、TA-90\Mac-2结合蛋白、亲环素C相关蛋白(Acyclophilin C-associatedprotein)、TAAL6、TAG72、TLP和TPS。
在一些实例中,CAR识别细胞表面肿瘤相关抗原或肿瘤特异性抗原,而不依赖于人白细胞抗原(HLA),并采用一种或多种信号分子来激活基因修饰的NK细胞以进行杀伤、增殖和/或细胞因子产生。
在一些实例中,CAR的细胞外结构域的抗原结合区靶向抗原,所述抗原包括但不限于CD19、CD20、CD22、RORl、间皮素、CD33/lL3Ra、c-Met、PSMA、糖脂F77、EGFRvIII、GD-2、MY-ESO-1TCR、MAGE A3 TCR、EpCAM等。
在一些具体实例中,肿瘤相关抗原是NKG2D的配体,因此嵌合抗原受体的细胞外结构域包含NKG2D或其抗原结合片段。在一个实例中,NKG2D的抗原结合片段是或包含具有以下氨基酸序列(从N末端到C末端)的NKG2D的细胞外结构域:FNQEVQIPLTESYCGPCPKNWICYKNNCYQFFDESKNWYESQASCMSQNASLLKVYSKEDQDLLKLVKSYHWMGLVHIPTNGSWQWEDGSILSPNLLTIIEMQKGDCALYASSFKGYIENCSTPNTYICMQRTV(SEQ ID NO:8)(UniProt P26718,氨基酸残基83-216),由以下示例性核苷酸序列编码:5’-TTCAACCAAGAAGTTCAAATTCCCTTGACCGAAAGTTACTGTGGCCCATGTCCTAAAAACTGGATATGTTACAAAAATAACTGCTACCAATTTTTTGATGAGAGTAAAAACTGGTATGAGAGCCAGGCTTCTTGTATGTCTCAAAATGCCAGCCTTCTGAAAGTATACAGCAAAGAGGACCAGGATTTACTTAAACTGGTGAAGTCATATCATTGGATGGGACTAGTACACATTCCAACAAATGGATCTTGGCAGTGGGAAGATGGCTCCATTCTCTCACCCAACCTACTAACAATAATTGAAATGCAGAAGGGAGACTGTGCACTCTATGCCTCGAGCTTTAAAGGCTATATAGAAAACTGTTCAACTCCAAATACGTACATCTGTATGCAAAGGACTGTG-3’(SEQ ID NO:9)。NKG2D配体是MHC I类分子的结构同源物。NKG2D配体在正常组织中不存在或很少表达,但在各种恶性肿瘤和病毒感染组织中广泛表达。人类NKG2D配体的实例包括I类链相关分子A和B(MICA和MICB)蛋白和视黄酸早期转录物1(RAET1),也称为UL-16结合蛋白。小鼠NKG2D配体的实例包括五种不同的RAET1亚型(RAET1α、RAET1β、RAET1γ、RAET1δ和RAET1ε)、三种不同的H60亚型(H60a、b和c)和UL16结合蛋白1(由MULT1基因编码)。尽管NKG2D配体是MHC I类分子的结构同源物,但它们不会将抗原呈递给T细胞或结合β2-微球蛋白。在一些实例中,嵌合抗原受体的细胞外结构域所结合的NKG2D配体是膜结合配体。
在一些具体实例中,肿瘤相关抗原是EpCAM,因此嵌合抗原受体的细胞外结构域包含单克隆EpCAM抗体的单链可变片段(scFv)。在一个具体实例中,单克隆EpCAM抗体的scFv具有以下氨基酸序列(从N末端到C末端):DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRSTKSLLHSNGITYLYWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYQMSNLASGVPSRFSSSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCAQNLEIPRTFGQGTKVELKRATPSHNSHQVPSAGGPTANSGTSGSEVQLVQSGPGLVQPGGSVRISCAASGYTFTNYGMNWVKQAPGKGLEWMGWINTYTGESTYADSFKGRFTFSLDTSASAAYLQINSLRAEDTAVYYCARFAIKGDYWGQGTLLTVSS(SEQ ID NO:19),由以下示例性核苷酸序列编码:5’-GATATCCAGATGACCCAGTCCCCGTCCTCCCTGAGTGCTTCTGTTGGTGACCGTGTTACCATCACCTGCCGTTCCACCAAATCCCTCCTGCACTCCAACGGTATCACCTACCTTTATTGGTATCAACAGAAACCGGGTAAAGCTCCGAAACTTCTGATCTACCAGATGTCCAACCTGGCTTCCGGTGTTCCGTCTCGTTTCTCCAGTTCTGGTTCTGGTACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCTCTTCTCTGCAGCCGGAAGACTTCGCTACCTACTACTGCGCTCAGAACCTGGAAATCCCGCGTACCTTCGGTCAGGGTACCAAAGTTGAACTTAAGCGCGCTACCCCGTCTCACAACTCCCACCAGGTTCCATCCGCAGGCGGTCCGACTGCTAACTCTGGAACTAGTGGATCCGAAGTACAGCTGGTTCAGTCCGGCCCGGGTCTTGTTCAACCGGGTGGTTCCGTTCGTATCTCTTGCGCTGCTTCTGGTTACACGTTCACCAACTACGGCATGAACTGGGTCAAACAGGCTCCGGGTAAAGGCCTGGAATGGATGGGCTGGATCAACACCTACACCGGTGAATCCACCTACGCTGACTCCTTCAAAGGTCGCTTCACTTTCTCCCTCGACACAAGTGCTAGTGCTGCATACCTCCAAATCAACTCGCTGCGTGCAGAGGATACAGCAGTCTATTACTGCGCCCGTTTCGCTATCAAAGGTGACTACTGGGGTCAAGGCACGCTGCTGACCGTTTCCTCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:18)。EpCAM(CD326)也称为EGP-2、17-1A、HEA125、MK-1、GA733-2、EGP34、KSA、TROP-1、ESA、TACSTD1或KS1/4,并且是最早鉴定的肿瘤相关抗原中的一种。EpCAM是314个氨基酸(aa)的I型膜蛋白,其中只有26个氨基酸面向细胞质。有些假说提出EpCAM可以作为同嗜性细胞粘着分子发挥作用,干扰钙粘蛋白介导的细胞-细胞接触。
在一个具体实例中,CAR的细胞外结构域具有以下氨基酸序列(从N末端到C末端):FNQEVQIPLTESYCGPCPKNWICYKNNCYQFFDESKNWYESQASCMSQNASLLKVYSKEDQDLLKLVKSYHWMGLVHIPTNGSWQWEDGSILSPNLLTIIEMQKGDCALYASSFKGYIENCSTPNTYICMQRTV(SEQ ID NO:8)。
在另一个具体实例中,CAR的细胞外结构域具有以下氨基酸序列(从N末端到C末端):DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRSTKSLLHSNGITYLYWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYQMSNLASGVPSRFSSSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCAQNLEIPRTFGQGTKVELKRATPSHNSHQVPSAGGPTANSGTSGSEVQLVQSGPGLVQPGGSVRISCAASGYTFTNYGMNWVKQAPGKGLEWMGWINTYTGESTYADSFKGRFTFSLDTSASAAYLQINSLRAEDTAVYYCARFAIKGDYWGQGTLLTVSS(SEQ ID NO:19)。
应当理解,抗原结合区可以在其序列内包括一些可变性,并且对于本文公开的靶标仍然具有选择性。因此,预期抗原结合区的多肽可以与本文公开的抗原结合区多肽序列具有至少95%、至少90%、至少80%或至少70%的同一性,并且对于本文公开的靶标仍然具有选择性,并在本公开的范围内。
嵌合抗原受体的细胞外结构域通常还包含铰链区。铰链区是位于例如抗原结合区和跨膜结构域之间的序列。铰链区的序列可以从例如来自任何种属(包括人类或其部分)的任何合适的序列获得。在一些实例中,铰链区包括人类蛋白质的铰链区,所述人类蛋白质包括CD-8α、CD28、4-1BB、OX40、T细胞受体α或β链、CD3ζ链、CD28、CD3ε、CD45、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD8a、CD9、CD16、CD22、CD33、CD37、CD64、CD80、CD86、CD134、CD137、ICOS、CD154、其功能衍生物及其组合。在一个具体实例中,铰链区包括CD8铰链区。在一些实例中,铰链区可以是选自但不限于免疫球蛋白(例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4和IgD)中的一种。在一个具体实例中,CAR的铰链区具有以下氨基酸序列(从N末端到C末端):FVPVFLPAKPTTTPAPRPPTPAPTIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAG(SEQ ID NO:14),由以下示例性核苷酸序列编码:5’-TTCGTGCCGGTCTTCCTGCCAGCGAAGCCCACCACGACGCCAGCGCCGCGACCACCAACACCGGCGCCCACCATCGCGTCGCAGCCCCTGTCCCTGCGCCCAGAGGCGTGCCGGCCAGCGGCGGGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:13)。
CAR的跨膜结构域包括跨越细胞膜的疏水性多肽。具体地,跨膜结构域从细胞膜的一侧(细胞外)跨越到细胞膜的另一侧(细胞内或细胞质)。
在一些实例中,人工设计跨膜结构域,使得该结构域的超过25%、超过50%或超过75%的氨基酸残基是疏水性残基,例如亮氨酸和缬氨酸。
跨膜结构域可以是α螺旋或β桶的形式,或其组合。跨膜结构域可以包括具有许多跨膜区段、每个α-螺旋、β折叠或其组合的多面体蛋白。
在一个实例中,使用与CAR中的结构域之一天然相关的跨膜结构域。在另一个实例中,对跨膜结构域进行选择或通过氨基酸取代来修饰,以避免此类结构域与相同或不同表面膜蛋白的跨膜结构域结合,从而使与受体复合物的其他成员的相互作用最小化。
例如,跨膜结构域包括T细胞受体α或β链、CD3ζ链、CD28、CD3ε、CD45、CD4、CD5、CD7、CD8、CD9、CD16、CD22、CD33、CD37、CD64、CD80、CD86、CD68、CD134、CD137、ICOS、CD41、CD154、其功能衍生物及其组合的跨膜结构域。在一个具体实例中,跨膜结构域是CD8跨膜结构域。在一个具体实例中,CAR的跨膜结构域具有以下氨基酸序列(从N末端到C末端):GAVHTRGLDFACDIYIWAPLAGTCGVLLLSLVITLYCNHRN(SEQ ID NO:10),由以下示例性核苷酸序列编码:5’-GGCGCAGTGCACACGAGGGGGCTGGACTTCGCCTGTGATATCTACATCTGGGCGCCCTTGGCCGGGACTTGTGGGGTCCTTCTCCTGTCACTGGTTATCACCCTTTACTGCAACCACAGGAAC-3’(SEQ ID NO:15)。
嵌合抗原受体的细胞内信号传导结构域负责激活已置入嵌合抗原受体的免疫细胞的正常效应功能中的至少一种。术语“效应功能”是指分化细胞如NK细胞的特化功能。细胞内受体信号传导结构域通常包括至少一个含有基于免疫受体酪氨酸的激活基序(ITAM)的结构域。每个ITAM具有共有序列Tyr-X-X-Leu/Ile(X是任意氨基酸)的两个重复序列,间隔6到8个氨基酸。ITAM中的酪氨酸残基在受体分子与其配体相互作用后被磷酸化,并为参与细胞信号传导通路的其他蛋白质形成对接位点。在一些实例中,CAR中的细胞内受体信号传导结构域包括CD3ζ、OX40/CD134、FcεRIγ、ICOS/CD278、ILRB/CD122、IL-2RG/CD132、DAP分子、CD70、细胞因子受体、CD40中的部分或全部或其组合。在一个具体实例中,使用的细胞内受体信号传导结构域是CD3ζ。在一个具体实例中,CAR的细胞内受体信号传导结构域具有以下氨基酸序列(从N末端到C末端):RVKFSRSADAPAYQQGQNQLYNELNLGRREEYDVLDKRRGRDPEMGGKPRRKNPQEGLYNELQKDKMAEAYSEIGMKGERRRGKGHDGLYQGLSTATKDTYDALHMQALPPR(SEQ IDNO:11),由以下示例性核苷酸序列编码:5’-AGAGTGAAGTTCAGCAGGAGCGCAGACGCCCCCGCGTACCAGCAGGGCCAGAACCAGCTCTATAACGAGCTCAATCTAGGACGAAGAGAGGAGTACGATGTTTTGGACAAGAGACGTGGCCGGGACCCTGAGATGGGGGGAAAGCCGAGAAGGAAGAACCCTCAGGAAGGCCTGTACAATGAACTGCAGAAAGATAAGATGGCGGAGGCCTACAGTGAGATTGGGATGAAAGGCGAGCGCCGGAGGGGCAAGGGGCACGATGGCCTTTACCAGGGTCTCAGTACAGCCACCAAGGACACCTACGACGCCCTTCACATGCAGGCCCTGCCCCCTCGC-3’(SEQID NO:16)。
在一些实例中,本文公开的嵌合抗原受体进一步包括一个或多个共刺激结构域。包含共刺激物可以增强NK细胞的增殖、存活和/或发育。在一些实例中,共刺激结构域是来自蛋白质的功能性信号传导结构域,所述蛋白质包括:OX40;CD27;CD28;CD30;CD40;PD-1;CD2;CD7;CD258;自然杀伤组2成员C(NKG2C);自然杀伤组2成员D(NKG2D),B7-H3;与CD83、ICAM-1、LFA-1(CDl la/CD18)、ICOS和4-1BB(CD137)中的至少一种结合的配体;CDS;ICAM-1;LFA-1(CD1a/CD18);CD40;CD27;CD7;B7-H3;NKG2C;PD-1;ICO;其活性片段;其功能衍生物;及其组合。
如本文所用,至少一个共刺激结构域和细胞内信号传导结构域可以统称为嵌合抗原受体的细胞内结构域。如本文所用,铰链区和抗原结合区可以统称为嵌合抗原受体的细胞外结构域。
在一些实例中,在CAR的细胞外结构域和跨膜结构域之间,或在CAR的细胞内结构域和跨膜结构域之间,掺入间隔区结构域。如本文所用,术语“间隔区结构域”通常是指在多肽链中起到将跨膜结构域连接至细胞外结构域或细胞内结构域的作用的任何寡肽或多肽。间隔区结构域可以包含多达约300个氨基酸、或约10至约100个氨基酸、或约25至约50个氨基酸。
在一个具体实例中,基因修饰的NK细胞中的所需CAR包含NKG2D、CD8α铰链和跨膜结构域以及CD3ζ信号传导结构域。在一个具体实例中,含有T7启动子、编码此类CAR的核苷酸序列和α珠蛋白3’UTR的重组构建体具有以下密码子优化的核苷酸序列:5’-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAAATAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGTAAGAAGAAATATAAGAGCCACCATGCTTCTCCTGGTGACAAGCCTTCTGCTCTGTGAGTTACCACACCCAGCATTCCTCCTGATCCCAGGCGCGCATGCCTTCAACCAAGAAGTTCAAATTCCCTTGACCGAAAGTTACTGTGGCCCATGTCCTAAAAACTGGATATGTTACAAAAATAACTGCTACCAATTTTTTGATGAGAGTAAAAACTGGTATGAGAGCCAGGCTTCTTGTATGTCTCAAAATGCCAGCCTTCTGAAAGTATACAGCAAAGAGGACCAGGATTTACTTAAACTGGTGAAGTCATATCATTGGATGGGACTAGTACACATTCCAACAAATGGATCTTGGCAGTGGGAAGATGGCTCCATTCTCTCACCCAACCTACTAACAATAATTGAAATGCAGAAGGGAGACTGTGCACTCTATGCCTCGAGCTTTAAAGGCTATATAGAAAACTGTTCAACTCCAAATACGTACATCTGTATGCAAAGGACTGTGGCTAGCTTCGTGCCGGTCTTCCTGCCAGCGAAGCCCACCACGACGCCAGCGCCGCGACCACCAACACCGGCGCCCACCATCGCGTCGCAGCCCCTGTCCCTGCGCCCAGAGGCGTGCCGGCCAGCGGCGGGGGGCGCAGTGCACACGAGGGGGCTGGACTTCGCCTGTGATATCTACATCTGGGCGCCCTTGGCCGGGACTTGTGGGGTCCTTCTCCTGTCACTGGTTATCACCCTTTACTGCAACCACAGGAACAGAGTGAAGTTCAGCAGGAGCGCAGACGCCCCCGCGTACCAGCAGGGCCAGAACCAGCTCTATAACGAGCTCAATCTAGGACGAAGAGAGGAGTACGATGTTTTGGACAAGAGACGTGGCCGGGACCCTGAGATGGGGGGAAAGCCGAGAAGGAAGAACCCTCAGGAAGGCCTGTACAATGAACTGCAGAAAGATAAGATGGCGGAGGCCTACAGTGAGATTGGGATGAAAGGCGAGCGCCGGAGGGGCAAGGGGCACGATGGCCTTTACCAGGGTCTCAGTACAGCCACCAAGGACACCTACGACGCCCTTCACATGCAGGCCCTGCCCCCTCGCTGAACCGGTCGACCCAAGCTTGCTGCCTTCTGCGGGGCTTGCCTTCTGGCCATGCCCTTCTTCTCTCCCTTGCACCTGTACCTCTTGGTCTTTGAATAAAGCCTGAGTAGGAAG-3’(SEQ ID NO:12)。
在另一个具体实例中,基因修饰的NK细胞中的所需CAR包含抗EPCAM抗体的scFv片段、CD8α铰链和跨膜结构域以及CD3ζ信号传导结构域。在一个具体实例中,含有T7启动子、编码此类CAR的核苷酸序列和α珠蛋白3’UTR的重组构建体具有以下核苷酸序列:5’-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAAATAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGTAAGAAG AAATATAAGAGCCACCATGCTTCTCCTGGTGACAAGCCTTCTGCTCTGTGAGTTACCACACCCAGCATTCCTCCTGATCCCAGGCGCGCATGCCTTCAACCAAGAAGTTCAAATTCCCTTGACCGAAAGTTACTGTGGCCCATGTCCTAAAAACTGGATATGTTACAAAAATAACTGCTACCAATTTTTTGATGAGAGTAAAAACTGGTATGAGAGCCAGGCTTCTTGTATGTCTCAAAATGCCGATATCCAGATGACCCAGTCCCCGTCCTCCCTGAGTGCTTCTGTTGGTGACCGTGTTACCATCACCTGCCGTTCCACCAAATCCCTCCTGCACTCCAACGGTATCACCTACCTTTATTGGTATCAACAGAAACCGGGTAAAGCTCCGAAACTTCTGATCTACCAGATGTCCAACCTGGCTTCCGGTGTTCCGTCTCGTTTCTCCAGTTCTGGTTCTGGTACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCTCTTCTCTGCAGCCGGAAGACTTCGCTACCTACTACTGCGCTCAGAACCTGGAAATCCCGCGTACCTTCGGTCAGGGTACCAAAGTTGAACTTAAGCGCGCTACCCCGTCTCACAACTCCCACCAGGTTCCATCCGCAGGCGGTCCGACTGCTAACTCTGGAACTAGTGGATCCGAAGTACAGCTGGTTCAGTCCGGCCCGGGTCTTGTTCAACCGGGTGGTTCCGTTCGTATCTCTTGCGCTGCTTCTGGTTACACGTTCACCAACTACGGCATGAACTGGGTCAAACAGGCTCCGGGTAAAGGCCTGGAATGGATGGGCTGGATCAACACCTACACCGGTGAATCCACCTACGCTGACTCCTTCAAAGGTCGCTTCACTTTCTCCCTCGACACAAGTGCTAGTGCTGCATACCTCCAAATCAACTCGCTGCGTGCAGAGGATACAGCAGTCTATTACTGCGCCCGTTTCGCTATCAAAGGTGACTACTGGGGTCAAGGCACGCTGCTGACCGTTTCCTCGGCTAGCTTCGTGCCGGTCTTCCTGCCAGCGAAGCCCACCACGACGCCAGCGCCGCGACCACCAACACCGGCGCCCACCATCGCGTCGCAGCCCCTGTCCCTGCGCCCAGAGGCGTGCCGGCCAGCGGCGGGGGGCGCAGTGCACACGAGGGGGCTGGACTTCGCCTGTGATATCTACATCTGGGCGCCCTTGGCCGGGACTTGTGGGGTCCTTCTCCTGTCACTGGTTATCACCCTTTACTGCAACCACAGGAACAGAGTGAAGTTCAGCAGGAGCGCAGACGCCCCCGCGTACCAGCAGGGCCAGAACCAGCTCTATAACGAGCTCAATCTAGGACGAAGAGAGGAGTACGATGTTTTGGACAAGAGACGTGGCCGGGACCCTGAGATGGGGGGAAAGCCGAGAAGGAAGAACCCTCAGGAAGGCCTGTACAATGAACTGCAGAAAGATAAGATGGCGGAGGCCTACAGTGAGATTGGGATGAAAGGCGAGCGCCGGAGGGGCAAGGGGCACGATGGCCTTTACCAGGGTCTCAGTACAGCCACCAAGGACACCTACGACGCCCTTCACATGCAGGCCCTGCCCCCTCGCTGAACCGGTCGACCCAAGCTTGCTGCCTTCTGCGGGGCTTGCCTTCTGGCCATGCCCTTCTTCTCTCCCTTGCACCTGTACCTCTTGGTCTTTGAATAAAGCCTGAGTAGGAAG-3’(SEQ ID NO:20)。
术语“CD3ζ”、“CD3zeta”、“CD3z”在本文中可互换使用以指代相同的T细胞表面糖蛋白CD3 zeta链。
CAR在基因修饰的NK细胞中的表达可以是瞬时的或稳定的。在一些实例中,在图1A–1F中的每一个构建体在基因修饰的NK细胞中瞬时或稳定表达。
在另一个实例中,提供了一种制备自然杀伤(NK)细胞的方法,该自然杀伤(NK)细胞经基因修饰以包含编码CXCR1的重组核酸,并且还表达CAR。该方法包括:(1)获得或提供NK细胞;(2)提供编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码CAR的重组核酸;和(3)将编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码CAR的重组核酸转移到NK细胞中。在一些实例中,步骤(3)中重组核酸被转移到NK细胞中的一些或大部分或所有不表达CXCR1或已经丧失CXCR1的表达。在一些其他实例中,该方法进一步包括,在步骤(1)之后,培养NK细胞以扩大NK细胞的数量。NK细胞扩增方法是本领域已知的并且在本申请的实验部分中举例说明。在一些实例中,编码CXCR1和CAR的重组核酸被同时转移到NK细胞中。在其中将编码CXCR1和CAR的重组核酸同时转移到NK细胞中的一些实例中,将编码CXCR1和CAR的重组核酸克隆到同一载体中。在一些其他实例中,编码CXCR1和CAR的重组核酸被相继转移到NK细胞中。
上述用于制备编码CXCR1的重组核酸并将其转移到NK细胞中的分子克隆和技术也可用于制备编码CAR的重组核酸并将其转移到NK细胞中。在一些实例中,编码CAR的重组核酸可以通过任何常规方法从指定CAR的氨基酸序列制备。对于每个结构域的氨基酸序列,可以从NCBI RefSeq ID或GenBenk的登录号获得编码氨基酸序列的碱基序列,并且可以使用标准分子生物学和/或化学程序制备本文公开的核酸。例如,基于碱基序列,可以合成多核苷酸,并且可以通过使用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)组合从cDNA文库获得的DNA片段来制备本公开的多核苷酸。以下技术也可用于将CAR引入NK细胞:(i)被设计为通过胞内结构域转导信号的CAR,(ii)具有可变长度的细胞外结构域的CAR,细胞外结构域将抗原识别结构域连接到细胞表面,以及(iii)源自K562的人工抗原呈递细胞(aAPC)以扩增CAR+NK细胞。在一个具体实例中,通过电穿孔基因修饰NK细胞以表达CAR。
在一些实例中,修饰的NK细胞能够在体内复制,从而导致长期持续存在,这可以实现持续的肿瘤控制。
编码嵌合抗原受体的开放阅读框的序列可以从基因组DNA来源、cDNA来源获得,或者可以合成(例如通过PCR),或其组合。根据基因组DNA的大小和内含子的数量,可能需要使用cDNA或其组合,因为发现内含子可以稳定mRNA。此外,使用内源性或外源性非编码区来稳定mRNA可能更有利。
在一个实例中,本文所述的NK细胞可以作为组合物或药物组合物提供。本文所述的组合物可以以多种方式施用,这取决于是否需要局部或全身治疗。施用可以是局部的、肺部的(例如,通过吸入或吹入粉末或气雾剂,包括通过雾化器;气管内、鼻内、表皮和经皮)或全身性的,例如口服和/或肠胃外。肠胃外施用包括静脉内、动脉内、皮下、腹腔或肌内注射或输注;或颅内,例如鞘内或心室内施用。在一些实例中,施用途径可以选自由全身施用、口服施用、静脉内施用和肠胃外施用组成的组。
本文所述的组合物或药物组合物可以以单位剂型提供,其中每个剂量单位(例如注射剂)包含预定量的如本文所公开的NK细胞,单独或与其他活性剂适当组合。本文所用的术语“单位剂型”是指适于作为用于人和动物受试者的单位剂量的物理离散单位,每个单位含有预定量的如本文所公开的NK细胞,单独或与其他活性剂组合,以足以产生所需效果的量计算,适当时与药学上可接受的稀释剂、载体或赋形剂结合。单位剂型的规格取决于与特定受试者中的药物组合物相关的特定药效学。可以根据制药工业中熟知的常规技术来制备单位剂型。这种技术包括使活性成分与药物载体或赋形剂结合的步骤。通常,通过将活性成分与液体或半液体载体均匀且紧密地结合来制备制剂。
本文所述的组合物可以另外包含通常在药物组合物中发现的其他辅助组分。因此,例如,组合物可以包含另外的、相容的药学活性物质,例如止痒剂、收敛剂、局部麻醉剂或抗炎剂,或者可以包含用于物理配制本发明的组合物的各种剂型的另外的材料,例如缓冲剂、染料、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、遮光剂、增稠剂和稳定剂或其组合,它们适合与可以以适用于滴眼液的任何浓度添加到溶液中的药理活性剂一起使用。然而,这些材料在添加时不应过度干扰本公开的组合物的组分的生物活性。制剂可以灭菌,如果需要,可以与助剂混合,例如润滑剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、用于影响渗透压的盐、缓冲剂、着色剂、调味剂和/或芳香物质等,其不会与制剂的NK细胞有害地相互作用。
在一些实例中,医学疾病或病症可以通过施用本文公开的NK细胞群来治疗。在一些实例中,医学疾病或病症是癌症或肿瘤。由于它们释放促炎细胞因子,NK细胞可以通过促进分化、激活和/或辅助免疫细胞向恶性肿瘤部位的募集来逆转抗炎肿瘤微环境并增加适应性免疫反应。
因此,在一个实例中,提供了治疗有需要的受试者的癌症或肿瘤的方法,包括向受试者施用药学有效量的本文公开的NK细胞或药物组合物。在另一个实例中,提供了药学有效量的本文公开的NK细胞或药物组合物在制造用于治疗癌症或肿瘤的药物中的用途。在又一个实例中,提供了本文公开的用于治疗癌症或肿瘤的NK细胞或药物组合物。在一些实例中,用于治疗癌症或肿瘤的基因修饰的NK细胞是在治疗过程中制备的。因此,在一个实例中,提供了治疗有需要的受试者的癌症或肿瘤的方法,该方法包括:(i)从受试者或不同于待治疗的受试者的供体获得NK细胞;(ii)提供编码CXCR1的重组核酸;(iii)将编码CXCR1的重组核酸转移到NK细胞中,以获得基因修饰的NK细胞;和(iv)向受试者施用药学有效量的从(iii)中获得的NK细胞。在另一个实例中,提供了治疗有需要的受试者的癌症或肿瘤的方法,该方法包括:(i)从受试者或不同于待治疗的受试者的供体获得NK细胞;(ii)提供编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码CAR的重组核酸;(iii)将编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码CAR的重组核酸转移到NK细胞中,以获得基因修饰的NK细胞;和(iv)向受试者施用药学有效量的从(iii)中获得的NK细胞。在一些实例中,步骤(iii)中重组核酸待被转移到其中的NK细胞中的一些或大部分或所有不表达CXCR1或已经丧失CXCR1的表达。在一些其他实例中,该方法进一步包括,在步骤(i)之后,培养NK细胞以扩大NK细胞的数量。NK细胞扩增方法是本领域已知的并且在本申请的实验部分中举例说明。
本文所用的术语“药学有效量”在其含义内包括足以提供所需治疗效果但无毒量的本文所述的NK细胞。理想地,本文所述的有效量或足够量的NK细胞存在于组合物中并被引入受试者,从而建立长期的、特异性的抗肿瘤反应,与在没有这种治疗的条件下否则会导致的情况相比,减小肿瘤的大小或消除肿瘤的生长或再生。理想地,引入受试者的一定量的NK细胞导致与不存在NK细胞的其他相同条件相比,肿瘤大小减少至少10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%、98%或100%。所需的NK细胞的确切数量因受试者而异,取决于以下因素,例如接受治疗的物种、受试者的年龄和一般状况、接受治疗的病况的严重程度(例如肿瘤的阶段和/或大小)、施用方式等。一般而言,NK细胞的浓度理想地应足以在接受治疗的受试者中提供至少约1×106至约1×109个NK细胞,甚至更理想地,约1×107至约5×108个NK细胞,尽管可以使用例如5×108个细胞以上或例如1×107个细胞以下的任何合适的量。给药方案可以基于成熟的基于细胞的疗法,或者可以采用替代的连续输注策略。这些值提供了从业者在优化本文公开的治疗方法时要使用的NK细胞范围的一般指导。本文列举的这些范围决不排除使用更高或更低量的组分,这可能在特定应用中得到保证。例如,实际剂量和计划可以根据组合物是否与其他药物组合物联合施用,或根据药代动力学、药物处置和代谢的个体间差异而变化。在任何给定情况下,合适的“有效量”可以由本领域普通技术人员仅使用常规实验来确定。
本治疗方法可用于的癌症或肿瘤包括任何恶性细胞类型,例如在实体瘤或血液肿瘤中发现的那些。在一些具体实例中,恶性肿瘤是实体瘤。示例性实体瘤可以包括但不限于选自由胰腺、结肠、盲肠、胃、大脑、头、颈、卵巢、肾、喉、肉瘤、肺、膀胱、黑色素瘤、前列腺和乳房组成的组的器官的肿瘤。在一些具体实例中,恶性肿瘤是血液肿瘤。示例性血液肿瘤包括骨髓肿瘤、T细胞或B细胞恶性肿瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤、胚细胞瘤、骨髓瘤等。可以使用本文提供的方法治疗的癌症的进一步的实例包括但不限于肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、肺腺癌和肺鳞状细胞癌)、腹膜癌、胃癌(包括胃肠道癌和胃肠道间质癌)、胰腺癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌或子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、各种类型的头颈癌和黑色素瘤。癌症可能具体属于以下组织学类型,尽管不限于这些:赘生物,恶性的;癌;癌,未分化;巨细胞癌和梭形细胞癌;小细胞癌;乳头状癌;鳞状细胞癌;淋巴上皮癌;基底细胞癌;毛母质癌;移行细胞癌;乳头状移行细胞癌;腺癌;胃泌素瘤,恶性的;胆管癌;肝细胞癌;合并肝细胞癌和胆管癌;小梁性腺癌;腺样囊性癌;腺瘤性息肉中的腺癌;腺癌,家族性结肠息肉病;实体癌;类癌瘤,恶性的;细支气管肺泡腺癌;乳头状腺癌;嫌色细胞癌;嗜酸细胞癌;嗜酸腺癌;嗜碱性粒细胞癌;透明细胞腺癌;颗粒细胞癌;滤泡性腺癌;乳头状和滤泡性腺癌;非包膜硬化性癌;肾上腺皮质癌;子宫内膜癌;皮肤附件癌;大汗腺癌;皮脂腺癌;耵聍腺癌;粘液表皮样癌;囊腺癌;乳头状囊腺癌;乳头状浆液性囊腺癌;粘液性囊腺癌;粘液性腺癌;印戒细胞癌;浸润性导管癌;髓样癌;小叶癌;炎性癌;佩吉特病,乳腺的;腺泡细胞癌;腺鳞癌;腺癌伴鳞状化生;胸腺瘤,恶性的;卵巢间质瘤,恶性的;卵泡膜细胞瘤(thecoma),恶性的;粒层细胞瘤,恶性的;男性细胞瘤(androblastoma),恶性的;Sertoli细胞癌;Leydig细胞瘤,恶性的;脂质细胞瘤,恶性的;副神经节瘤,恶性的;乳腺外副神经节瘤,恶性的;嗜铬细胞瘤;血管肉瘤(glomangiosarcoma);恶性黑色素瘤;无色素型黑色素瘤;浅表扩散黑色素瘤;雀斑样恶性黑色素瘤;肢端雀斑样黑色素瘤;结节性黑色素瘤;巨大色素痣中的恶性黑色素瘤;上皮样细胞黑色素瘤;蓝痣,恶性的;肉瘤;纤维肉瘤;纤维组织细胞瘤,恶性的;粘液肉瘤;脂肪肉瘤;平滑肌肉瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤;肺泡横纹肌肉瘤;间质肉瘤;混合瘤,恶性的;苗勒管混合瘤;肾母细胞瘤;肝母细胞瘤;癌肉瘤;间质瘤,恶性的;brenner瘤,恶性的;叶状肿瘤,恶性的;滑膜肉瘤;间皮瘤,恶性的;无性细胞瘤;胚胎癌;畸胎瘤,恶性的;卵巢甲状腺肿(struma ovarii),恶性的;绒毛膜癌;中肾瘤,恶性的;血管肉瘤;血管内皮瘤,恶性的;卡波西肉瘤;血管外皮细胞瘤,恶性的;淋巴管肉瘤;骨肉瘤;皮质旁骨肉瘤;软骨肉瘤;软骨母细胞瘤,恶性的;间充质软骨肉瘤;骨巨细胞瘤;尤因氏肉瘤;牙源性肿瘤,恶性的;成釉细胞牙肉瘤;成釉细胞瘤,恶性的;成釉细胞纤维肉瘤;松果体瘤,恶性的;脊索瘤;神经胶质瘤,恶性的;室管膜瘤;星形细胞瘤;原生质星形细胞瘤;纤维性星形细胞瘤;星形母细胞瘤;胶质母细胞瘤;少突神经胶质瘤;少突胶质细胞瘤;原始神经外胚层;小脑肉瘤;神经节神经母细胞瘤;成神经细胞瘤;视网膜母细胞瘤;嗅觉神经源性肿瘤;脑膜瘤,恶性的;神经纤维肉瘤;神经鞘瘤,恶性的;颗粒细胞瘤,恶性的;恶性淋巴瘤;霍奇金病;霍奇金的;副肉芽肿;恶性淋巴瘤,小淋巴细胞;恶性淋巴瘤,大细胞,弥漫性;恶性淋巴瘤,滤泡性;蕈样真菌病;其他特定的非霍奇金淋巴瘤;B细胞淋巴瘤;低级/滤泡性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL);小淋巴细胞(SL)NHL;中级/滤泡性NHL;中级弥漫性NHL;高级免疫母细胞型NHL;高级淋巴母细胞型NHL;高级小非裂解细胞型NHL;大块疾病NHL(bulky disease NHL);套细胞淋巴瘤;艾滋病相关淋巴瘤;华氏巨球蛋白血症;恶性组织细胞增多症;多发性骨髓瘤;肥大细胞肉瘤;免疫增殖性小肠疾病;白血病;淋巴细胞白血病;浆细胞白血病;红白血病;淋巴肉瘤细胞白血病;髓性白血病;嗜碱性白血病;嗜酸性白血病;单核细胞白血病;肥大细胞白血病;巨核细胞白血病;骨髓肉瘤;毛细胞白血病;慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL);急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL);急性髓性白血病(AML);和慢性粒细胞白血病。在一些实例中,可以使用本文提供的基因修饰的NK细胞治疗的癌症/肿瘤包括结肠直肠癌、卵巢癌、头颈癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、神经母细胞瘤、骨肉瘤、淋巴瘤和神经胶质瘤。在一个具体实例中,可以治疗的癌症/肿瘤是卵巢癌。在另一个具体实例中,可以治疗的癌症/肿瘤是头颈癌。
在一些实例中,癌症/肿瘤表达NKG2D配体或EpCAM。在一些其他实例中,癌症/肿瘤在用另一种药物、辐射或生物制剂治疗后表达NKG2D配体或EpCAM。
术语“治疗”及其语法变形是指治疗性治疗和预防性或防御性措施,其中目的是预防或减缓(减轻)不希望的生理病况、病症或疾病或获得有益的或期望的临床结果。这种有益的或期望的临床结果包括但不限于症状的缓解;病况、病症或疾病的减轻程度;病况、病症或疾病的稳定状态(即不恶化);病况、病症或疾病进展的延迟或减缓;病况、病症或疾病状态的改善、缓解(无论是部分的还是全部的),无论是可检测的还是不可检测的;或病况、病症或疾病的改进或改善。治疗包括引发具有临床意义的细胞反应,而不会产生过高水平的副作用。治疗还包括与未接受治疗的预期生存期相比延长生存期。
术语“降低”、“减少的”、“减少”、“降低”、“去除”或“抑制”在本文中均一般用于表示统计学显著量的降低。然而,为避免疑问,“减少的”、“减少”或“降低”、“去除”或“抑制”表示与参考水平相比降低至少10%,例如降低至少约20%,或至少约30%,或至少约40%,或至少约50%,或至少约60%,或至少约70%,或至少约80%,或至少约90%或多达并包括100%的降低(例如,与参考样品相比不存在水平),或与参考水平相比在10-100%之间的任何降低(例如,在不存在本文所述的治疗的情况下)。
在一些实例中,待治疗的受试者或患者是动物、哺乳动物、人,包括但不限于分类为牛、猪、马、犬、狼、猫、鼠、绵羊、鸟、鱼、山羊、乌鸦、acrine或delphine的动物。在一个实例中,患者是人。
可用于治疗医学疾病或病症的NK细胞来源可以是任何种类的,但在具体实例中,细胞从脐带血库、外周血库、人胚胎干细胞库或诱导多能干细胞库获得。
在一些实例中,可用于治疗医学疾病或病症的NK细胞是自体的,即从待施用治疗的同一个体获得。例如,可以从需要治疗的患者收集NK细胞的自体来源,并使用本文所述和本领域已知的方法激活和修饰NK细胞,然后将NK细胞回输到患者中。NK细胞的一些自体来源包括PBMC、患者出生时获得并随后保存的脐带血以及来源于从患者获得的细胞的诱导多能干细胞。
在一些其他实例中,可用于治疗医学疾病或病症的NK细胞是同种异体的,即来源于与患者相同物种的不同个体,例如NK细胞供体。在一些其他实例中,可用于治疗医学疾病或病症的NK细胞是异种的,即来源于与患者不同物种的动物。来源于同种异体异种来源的基因修饰的NK细胞可以提供现成的产品。
同种异体或自体NK细胞诱导快速免疫反应,但由于其有限的寿命而相对迅速地从循环中消失。因此,使用本文公开的治疗方法减少了对持续副作用的担忧。
在某些实例中,本文所述的NK细胞与第二治疗剂联合施用。例如,第二治疗剂可以包括T细胞、免疫调节剂、单克隆抗体或化疗剂。在非限制性实例中,免疫调节剂是来那度胺(lenolidomide),单克隆抗体是阿仑单抗(alemtuzumab)、利妥昔单抗(rituxumab)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)、替伊莫单抗(ibritumomab)、吉妥珠单抗(gemtuzumab)、本妥昔单抗(brentuximab)、adotranstuzumab、blinatunomab、达雷木单抗(daratumumab)或艾洛珠单抗(elotuzumab),化疗剂是氟达拉滨或环磷酰胺。
在施用本文公开的用于治疗或预防癌症/肿瘤的基因修饰的NK细胞之后,可以以技术人员熟知的各种方式评估治疗的功效。例如,本领域普通技术人员将理解,通过观察到治疗性的基因修饰细胞降低了癌细胞负荷或防止癌细胞负荷的进一步增加,与化学佐剂一起递送的治疗性的基因修饰细胞在治疗或抑制患者的癌症方面是有效的。癌细胞负荷可以通过本领域已知的方法测量,例如,使用聚合酶链式反应测定来检测某些癌细胞核酸的存在,或使用例如抗体测定来检测来自受试者或患者的样品(例如但不限于血液)中标志物的存在以鉴定血液中的某些癌细胞标志物,或通过测量患者中循环癌细胞抗体水平的水平。
本文中示例性描述的本发明可以在不存在本文未具体公开的任何元素、限制的情况下适当地实施。因此,例如,术语“包含”、“包括”、“含有”等应被广泛地理解而不受限制。此外,本文使用的术语和表述已被用作描述性术语而不是限制性术语,并且在使用这些术语和表述时无意排除所示和描述的特征或其部分的任何等同物,但应当认识到,在要求保护的本发明的范围内的各种修改是可能的。因此,应当理解,虽然本发明已经通过优选实施方案和可选特征具体公开,但是本领域技术人员可能会采用在本文中公开的所包含的本发明的修改和变化,并且这些修改和变化是被认为是在本发明的范围内。
如本文所用,在制剂组分的量或浓度的背景中,术语“约/大约”典型地表示所述值的+/-5%,更典型地为所述值的+/-4%,更典型地为所述值的+/-3%,更典型地为所述值的+/-2%,甚至更典型地为所述值的+/-1%,甚至更典型地为所述值的+/-0.5%。
本发明已在本文中被广泛地和一般性地进行了描述。落入一般性公开内容的每个较窄的物种和亚属组也构成本发明的一部分。这包括本发明的一般性描述,具有从属中去除任何主题的附带条件或负面限制,无论本文是否具体记载了离体的材料。
其他实施方案在以下权利要求和非限制性实施例内。此外,在本发明的特征或方面根据马库什组进行描述的情况下,本领域技术人员将认识到,本发明因此也根据马库什组的任何个体成员或成员亚组进行描述。
实验部分
方法
肿瘤细胞系
将经工程化以表达不同细胞因子(未公开)的K562饲养细胞维持在IMDM培养基中。卵巢癌细胞系:SKOV3-luc、SW626和CaOV3维持在McCoy’s 5A培养基中。所有类型的培养基都补充有10%FBS(Gibco)。
自然杀伤细胞的离体扩增
在获得大学IRB的批准下,从卫生科学局(HSA,Singapore)获得血沉棕黄层并通过梯度离心分离健康供体的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)。在PBMC分离后,将细胞与经γ辐射的K562细胞在补充有10%FBS和50IU IL2(Peprotech,Rocky Hills,NJ)的SCGM培养基(Cellgenix GmbH,Freiburg,Germany)中以1PBMC:2K562细胞的比例共培养。每2–3天更新一半培养基。细胞扩增7天后,用K562细胞以1:1的细胞比重新刺激NK细胞。总共刺激2轮后,NK细胞用于下游实验。
CXCR1和NKG2D CAR DNA构建体的制备
使用引物5’-aataACCGGTgccaccatgtcaaatattacagatccacagatg-3’(含有Age-I位点)(SEQ ID NO:6)和5’-taaaGTCGACtcagaggttggaagagacattga-3’(含有Sal-I位点)(SEQID NO:7)将CXCR1(SEQ ID NO:1)克隆到经T7启动子(SEQ ID NO:3)和α-珠蛋白3’UTR序列(SEQ ID NO:4)修饰的pFastbac1表达载体(Thermo Fisher)中。图1A提供了包含在最终载体中的CXCR1表达盒的示意图。
为了产生NKG2D CAR构建体或EpCAM CAR构建体,通过计算机组装编码NKG2D细胞外结构域(SEQ ID NO:9的DNA序列,对应于SEQ ID NO:8或UniProt P26718,残基83-216的氨基酸序列)或抗EpCAM单克隆抗体的scFv(SEQ ID NO:18的DNA序列,对应于SEQ ID NO:19的氨基酸序列)的片段、CD8α铰链(SEQ ID NO:13的DNA序列,对应于SEQ ID NO:14或UniProt P01732,残基128-169的氨基酸序列)和跨膜结构域(SEQ ID NO:15的DNA序列,对应于SEQ ID NO:10或UniProt P01732,残基170-210的氨基酸序列)和CD3ζ细胞内ITAM结构域(SEQ ID NO:16的DNA序列,对应于SEQ ID NO:11或UniProt P20963,残基52-164的氨基酸序列),然后通过合成融合基因(AIT Biotech,Singapore)来产生NKG2D CAR构建体。如上文所述,使用Eco-RI和Sal-I将上述NKG2D CAR序列(SEQ ID NO:12)亚克隆到pFastbac1表达载体中。图1E提供了包含在最终载体中的NKG2D CAR表达盒的示意图。
RNA制备和电穿孔
对于mRNA的体外转录,使用pFastbacl载体作为DNA模板、正向引物CMV-F(5’-atccgctcgagtagttattaatagtaatcaattacggggtc-3’)(SEQ ID NO:17)和含有合成的150-ntpoly(A)尾巴的反向引物进行PCR以产生线性DNA模板。然后用苯酚-氯仿纯化PCR产物。使用mMESSAGE mMACHINE T7 ULTRA转录试剂盒(Thermo Fisher)以PCR DNA为模板进行体外转录产生加帽的mRNA。还利用试剂盒中提供的对照RNA模板体外转录产生对照RNA。将RNA沉淀物重悬在不含RNase的水中,并在–80℃下冷冻保存。为了在NK细胞中过表达CXCR1,将扩增的NK细胞与CXCR1 mRNA混合,并使用电穿孔仪在2-mm电击杯(Bio-Rad,Hercules,CA)中进行电穿孔。对于在NK细胞中过表达CXCR1和NKG2D CAR的体外研究,将扩增的NK细胞与NKG2DCAR mRNA和CXCR1 mRNA混合并进行电穿孔。为了产生无CXCR1的NKG2D CAR细胞(NKG2D CAR+CXCR1-NK细胞),将CXCR1 mRNA替换为数量不变的对照RNA。在下游实验之前将NK细胞恢复过夜。
表型分析
为了对NK细胞进行表型分析,使用以下与PE或APC偶联的单克隆抗体(BectonDickinson Biosciences,San Diego,CA):CD3、CD56、CXCR1、CXCR2和NKG2D。使用FACSCalibur流式细胞仪(BD Biosciences)或Acuri C6(BD Biosciences)采集细胞并进行分析。
NSG异种移植动物模型
动物实验是根据新加坡的科学、技术和研究机构(Agency for Science,Technology and Research,A*STAR)的生物资源中心(Biological Resource Centre,BRC)的实验动物管理与使用委员会(Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee,IACUC)审查和批准的方案进行的。本研究中使用的是非肥胖糖尿病/严重联合免疫缺陷/IL-2Rγcnull(NSG)小鼠(The Jackson Laboratory)并。使用Xenogen活体成像软件v3.2采集和分析所有发光信号和图像。
体内迁移测定
为了检查向分泌IL8的卵巢癌肿瘤的迁移改善,向雌性NSG小鼠(8-10周)腹腔注射1×107个SKOV3-luc肿瘤细胞。在肿瘤接种后第10天,通过活体生物发光成像确认肿瘤植入。然后通过尾静脉向两组小鼠注射5×106个用DiR(Perkin Elmer,Ohio,USA)标记的CXCR1+NK细胞或空白NK细胞。在NK细胞输注后,小鼠腹腔内(i.p)接受20,000IU/小鼠的单剂量的重组人IL-2。在24和48小时的时间点通过DIR成像检查NK细胞的生物分布。腹腔肿瘤在48小时后分离并成像。通过在肿瘤区域上绘制的恒定感兴趣区域(ROI)和测量为辐射效率的信号来分析光子发射。
体内治疗功效评价
为了确定NK细胞上的CXCR1过表达是否可以提高对NSG小鼠中卵巢腹膜癌的治疗功效,使用了8-10周龄的雌性NSG小鼠。使用1×107个SKOV3 luc细胞对小鼠进行腹腔注射,在肿瘤接种后第7天,通过使用IVIS100成像平台监测的活体生物发光成像(BLI)确认肿瘤植入。具有相似BLI信号强度的小鼠被随机分为3个不同的治疗组,每组包含5只小鼠。在第7天,静脉(i.v.)注射100μl PBS或100μl含有1×107个以下两个不同组的NK细胞的细胞悬液:(1)空白NK细胞,(2)CXCR1+NK细胞。在3到4天的间隔内总共进行了4次相同剂量的注射。为了延长体内NK细胞的寿命,从NK细胞接种开始到最后一次NK细胞注射后4天,小鼠每2-3天腹腔内(i.p)接受20,000IU/小鼠的剂量的重组人IL-2。通过BLI每周监测肿瘤进展直至肿瘤接种后42天,之后监测小鼠的存活。
为了确定NK2GD CAR修饰的NK细胞中CXCR1的过表达是否可以提高对NSG小鼠卵巢腹膜癌的治疗功效,重复上述实验,但有以下变化:在第7天,静脉注射(i.v.)100μl PBS或100μl含有1×107个以下两个不同组的NK细胞的细胞悬液:(1)NKG2D CAR+CXCR1-NK细胞,(2)NKG2D CAR+CXCR1+NK细胞。NK细胞和IL-2注射的频率、剂量和途径与上述实验保持不变。通过BLI每周监测肿瘤进展直至肿瘤接种后42天,之后监测小鼠的存活。
在观察到以腹水引起的明显腹胀、可触及的体温过低、无法行走、毛皮皱褶、驼背姿势和/或对操纵缺乏明显反应为特征的垂死状况的发展后,对小鼠进行了密切监测并人道地安乐死。
头颈部皮下动物模型
为了建立头颈癌皮下模型,在雄性NSG小鼠(8-10周)的左侧皮下注射5×106个Fadu肿瘤细胞。在肿瘤建立并可触及后,NK细胞(5×106个)用Xenolight DiR(PerkinElmer,Ohio,USA)标记并通过尾静脉(静脉内;i.v.)注射到荷瘤小鼠中。在NK细胞输注后,小鼠腹腔内(i.p)接受20,000IU/小鼠的单剂量的重组人IL-2。在指定的时间点通过DIR成像并使用IVIS成像系统(Xenogen)检查NK细胞的生物分布。通过在肿瘤区域上绘制的恒定感兴趣区域(ROI)分析光子发射。分别在72小时后分离皮下肿瘤,并使用IVIS成像系统再次进行离体成像。通过在肿瘤区域上绘制的恒定感兴趣区域(ROI)和测量为辐射效率的信号来分析光子发射。
统计分析
数据表示为平均值±标准偏差。使用GraphPad Prism 7.0(GraphPad软件)计算统计数据。对于体外和体内实验,非成对的Student’s t检验用于评估2组的连续变量,并使用1-way ANOVA和后测的Bonferroni来评估超过2组的连续变量。通过Kaplan-Meier方法和对数秩(Mantel-Cox)检验分析存活率,以比较成对的组。当P值小于0.05时,认为差异是显著的。
结果
CXCR1的过表达促进体外NK细胞肿瘤向肿瘤细胞迁移
本实验研究了NK细胞中的CXCR1表达。虽然大多数新鲜分离的NK细胞表达CXCR1,但在进行临床治疗所必需的NK细胞扩增后,离体扩增的原代NK细胞中CXCR1的表达减少(图2A、B)。用编码CXCR1的mRNA对NK细胞进行电穿孔成功地恢复并提高了离体扩增的NK细胞中的CXCR1表达(图2C)。然后测试了转染的NK细胞向三种不同的人类癌细胞的迁移。如图3所示,这些癌细胞产生的条件培养基能有效吸引CXCR1修饰的NK细胞,但不能吸引没有CXCR1修饰的那些(空白对照),这表明CXCR1过表达增加了离体扩增的NK细胞向癌细胞的迁移能力。
CXCR1的过表达促进体内NK细胞肿瘤向肿瘤部位迁移
接下来本实验研究过表达CXCR1的NK细胞是否可以在体内展现出增强的迁移。通过腹腔注射SKOV3-luc细胞(用萤火虫荧光素酶基因进行基因修饰的肿瘤细胞系)在小鼠中建立人类SKOV3卵巢癌腹腔异种移植模型。肿瘤接种后10天,根据通过BLI成像获得的ROI值对小鼠进行随机分组,并将相似的肿瘤负荷用作随机化的标准。然后通过尾静脉向小鼠静脉注射空白NK细胞或过表达CXCR1的NK细胞。NK细胞用DIR染料预先标记,DIR染料是用于给细胞质膜染色的理想的亲脂性NIR荧光花青染料。图4A显示了生物发光成像结果:NK细胞注射前,在接种SKOV3的NSG小鼠中,空白NK细胞或CXCR1+NK细胞注射组小鼠具有相似的肿瘤负荷。图4B说明了接种SKOV3癌细胞的小鼠腹腔区域的DIR信号是否增加。在接受CXCR1+NK细胞的小鼠中观察到腹腔区域的DIR信号增加,但在注射了空白NK细胞的小鼠中则没有。此外,使用离体成像研究了从已处死小鼠的腹腔中分离的肿瘤。图4C显示,注射CXCR1+NK细胞的小鼠的肿瘤组织的DIR信号显著高于接受空白NK细胞的小鼠。两组间的通量值差异具有统计学显著性,P<0.0001。因此,CXCR1在NK细胞上的过表达可以提高静脉(i.v.)注射的NK细胞向腹膜肿瘤的迁移。
建立人头颈癌异种移植模型以研究CXCR1的过表达是否可以在体内增强NK细胞向皮下肿瘤细胞的迁移。通过在NSG小鼠左侧皮下(s.c.)接种FaDu人下咽癌细胞来建立异种移植模型。肿瘤接种后10天,NK细胞用1,1’-双十八烷基-3,3,3’,3’-四甲基吲哚三碳菁碘或DiOC18(7)(DiR)标记,这是用于给细胞质膜染色的理想的亲脂性近红外(NIR)荧光花青染料,并且通过尾静脉静脉(i.v.)注射DiR标记的NK细胞。每24小时对小鼠中的细胞分布进行成像,持续3天。虽然DiR荧光信号在NK细胞注射后24小时仍保留在肺区域,但在注射了表达CXCR1的NK细胞的小鼠中,在48小时内观察到肿瘤部位的DiR信号增强,到72小时变得更加明显(图8A)。在72小时期间,全身成像不能在注射了空白NK细胞的小鼠肿瘤部位检测到DiR信号。肿瘤部位DiR荧光信号强度的定量分析表明,在48和72小时内,注射了表达CXCR1的NK细胞的小鼠的信号强度比注射有空白NK细胞的小鼠高约10倍(图8A)。72小时后对小鼠实施安乐死,收集皮下肿瘤进行离体成像。肿瘤的图像和相关的通量值如图8B所示。类似地,与注射有空白NK细胞的小鼠相比,在注射有表达CXCR1的NK细胞的小鼠中观察到信号强度增加约10倍。因此,在NK细胞中过表达CXCR1可以提高静脉注射的NK细胞向皮下肿瘤的迁移/浸润。
CXCR1的过表达增加体内NK细胞的癌症杀伤能力
我们进行另一个小鼠实验以检查迁移提高是否可以增强过表达CXCR1的NK细胞对癌细胞的体内杀伤能力。使用与上述相同的肿瘤模型,用三种不同的方式治疗接种SKOV3-luc细胞的小鼠:PBS、无CXCR1的NK细胞和过表达CXCR1的NK细胞。肿瘤接种后7天通过尾静脉注射开始治疗。如图5A所示,在第7天,三组小鼠之间的肿瘤负荷相似。然而,如生物发光成像所表明的,用过表达CXCR1的NK细胞治疗的小鼠肿瘤生长减慢。对通量值差异进行统计学分析,用过表达CXCR1的NK细胞处理的小鼠的值显著低于两个对照组,P<0.05(图5B)。
CXCR1的过表达增加体内NKG2D CAR-NK细胞的癌症杀伤能力
为了研究组合趋化因子受体和CAR对扩增的原代NK细胞的影响,将CXCR1的mRNA和对NKG2D配体有特异性的CAR电穿孔到扩增的原代NK细胞中。再次使用SKOV3-luc肿瘤模型,用三种不同方式通过尾静脉注射治疗接种有SKOV3-luc细胞的小鼠:PBS、表达NKG2D CAR的NK细胞和共表达NKG2D CAR和CXCR1的NK细胞。在肿瘤接种后7天开始治疗。生物发光成像表明,接受NKG2D CAR+CXCR1+NK细胞的小鼠的肿瘤负荷相对于治疗过程中的初始肿瘤负荷明显降低(图6A)。在NKG2D CAR+CXCR1-NK细胞组和NKG2D CAR+CXCR1+NK细胞组之间,肿瘤负荷的腹腔区域的通量值具有统计学上的显著差异(P值<0.01)(图6B)。因此,NKG2D CAR修饰的CXCR1过表达NK细胞显示出比没有CXCR1过表达的NKG2D CAR修饰的NK细胞更好的抗肿瘤功效。因此,在卵巢腹腔癌模型中引入CXCR1和NKG2D CAR可以有效控制肿瘤生长。
CXCR1的过表达增加体外EpCAM CAR-NK细胞中的癌症杀伤能力
为了证明CXCR1修饰的NK细胞也可以与常规CAR构建体组合以增强癌细胞杀伤能力,用CXCR1和含有用于EpCAM识别的scFv的EpCAM CAR的mRNA对扩增的原代NK细胞进行电穿孔,并测试它们对SKOV3的体外癌症杀伤能力,SKOV3是已知表达EpCAM的人类卵巢癌细胞系。如图7所示,修饰的NK细胞对SKOV3癌细胞的体外杀伤能力优于空白-对照NK细胞,表明CXCR1掺入与EpCAM CAR兼容,以及CXCR1修饰的CAR NK细胞具有清除表达除NKG2D配体以外的靶标的肿瘤的潜力。因此,具有单克隆抗体(在该情况下为抗EpCAM单克隆抗体)的scFv片段的常规CAR也可用于过表达CXCR1的NK细胞,用于NK细胞介导的抗癌免疫疗法。
序列表
<110> 新加坡国立大学
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gtgttgcgga tcctgcctca cacctttggc ttcatcgtgc cgctgtttgt catgctgttc 660
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<223> 阿尔法-珠蛋白3' UTR
<400> 4
gctgccttct gcggggcttg ccttctggcc atgcccttct tctctccctt gcacctgtac 60
ctcttggtct ttgaataaag cctgagtagg aag 93
<210> 5
<211> 1230
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 包含T7启动子、CXCR1编码序列和阿尔法珠蛋白3'UTR的CXCR1表达盒
<400> 5
taatacgact cactataggg aaataagaga gaaaagaaga gtaagaagaa atataagaac 60
cggtgccacc atgtcaaata ttacagatcc acagatgtgg gattttgatg atctaaattt 120
cactggcatg ccacctgcag atgaagatta cagcccctgt atgctagaaa ctgagacact 180
caacaagtat gttgtgatca tcgcctatgc cctagtgttc ctgctgagcc tgctgggaaa 240
ctccctggtg atgctggtca tcttatacag cagggtcggc cgctccgtca ctgatgtcta 300
cctgctgaac ctggccttgg ccgacctact ctttgccctg accttgccca tctgggccgc 360
ctccaaggtg aatggctgga tttttggcac attcctgtgc aaggtggtct cactcctgaa 420
ggaagtcaac ttctacagtg gcatcctgct gttggcctgc atcagtgtgg accgttacct 480
ggccattgtc catgccacac gcacactgac ccagaagcgt cacttggtca agtttgtttg 540
tcttggctgc tggggactgt ctatgaatct gtccctgccc ttcttccttt tccgccaggc 600
ttaccatcca aacaattcca gtccagtttg ctatgaggtc ctgggaaatg acacagcaaa 660
atggcggatg gtgttgcgga tcctgcctca cacctttggc ttcatcgtgc cgctgtttgt 720
catgctgttc tgctatggat tcaccctgcg tacactgttt aaggcccaca tggggcagaa 780
gcaccgagcc atgagggtca tctttgctgt cgtcctcatc ttcctgcttt gctggctgcc 840
ctacaacctg gtcctgctgg cagacaccct catgaggacc caggtgatcc aggagagctg 900
tgagcgccgc aacaacatcg gccgggccct ggatgccact gagattctgg gatttctcca 960
tagctgcctc aaccccatca tctacgcctt catcggccaa aattttcgcc atggattcct 1020
caagatcctg gctatgcatg gcctggtcag caaggagttc ttggcacgtc atcgtgttac 1080
ctcctacact tcttcgtctg tcaatgtctc ttccaacctc tgagtcgacc caagcttgct 1140
gccttctgcg gggcttgcct tctggccatg cccttcttct ctcccttgca cctgtacctc 1200
ttggtctttg aataaagcct gagtaggaag 1230
<210> 6
<211> 43
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CXCR1引物1
<400> 6
aataaccggt gccaccatgt caaatattac agatccacag atg 43
<210> 7
<211> 33
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CXCR1引物2
<400> 7
taaagtcgac tcagaggttg gaagagacat tga 33
<210> 8
<211> 134
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> NKG2D的细胞外结构域
<400> 8
Phe Asn Gln Glu Val Gln Ile Pro Leu Thr Glu Ser Tyr Cys Gly Pro
1 5 10 15
Cys Pro Lys Asn Trp Ile Cys Tyr Lys Asn Asn Cys Tyr Gln Phe Phe
20 25 30
Asp Glu Ser Lys Asn Trp Tyr Glu Ser Gln Ala Ser Cys Met Ser Gln
35 40 45
Asn Ala Ser Leu Leu Lys Val Tyr Ser Lys Glu Asp Gln Asp Leu Leu
50 55 60
Lys Leu Val Lys Ser Tyr His Trp Met Gly Leu Val His Ile Pro Thr
65 70 75 80
Asn Gly Ser Trp Gln Trp Glu Asp Gly Ser Ile Leu Ser Pro Asn Leu
85 90 95
Leu Thr Ile Ile Glu Met Gln Lys Gly Asp Cys Ala Leu Tyr Ala Ser
100 105 110
Ser Phe Lys Gly Tyr Ile Glu Asn Cys Ser Thr Pro Asn Thr Tyr Ile
115 120 125
Cys Met Gln Arg Thr Val
130
<210> 9
<211> 402
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> NKG2D的细胞外结构域
<400> 9
ttcaaccaag aagttcaaat tcccttgacc gaaagttact gtggcccatg tcctaaaaac 60
tggatatgtt acaaaaataa ctgctaccaa ttttttgatg agagtaaaaa ctggtatgag 120
agccaggctt cttgtatgtc tcaaaatgcc agccttctga aagtatacag caaagaggac 180
caggatttac ttaaactggt gaagtcatat cattggatgg gactagtaca cattccaaca 240
aatggatctt ggcagtggga agatggctcc attctctcac ccaacctact aacaataatt 300
gaaatgcaga agggagactg tgcactctat gcctcgagct ttaaaggcta tatagaaaac 360
tgttcaactc caaatacgta catctgtatg caaaggactg tg 402
<210> 10
<211> 41
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CD8跨膜结构域(蛋白质)
<400> 10
Gly Ala Val His Thr Arg Gly Leu Asp Phe Ala Cys Asp Ile Tyr Ile
1 5 10 15
Trp Ala Pro Leu Ala Gly Thr Cys Gly Val Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu Val
20 25 30
Ile Thr Leu Tyr Cys Asn His Arg Asn
35 40
<210> 11
<211> 112
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CD3z细胞内受体信号传导结构域
<400> 11
Arg Val Lys Phe Ser Arg Ser Ala Asp Ala Pro Ala Tyr Gln Gln Gly
1 5 10 15
Gln Asn Gln Leu Tyr Asn Glu Leu Asn Leu Gly Arg Arg Glu Glu Tyr
20 25 30
Asp Val Leu Asp Lys Arg Arg Gly Arg Asp Pro Glu Met Gly Gly Lys
35 40 45
Pro Arg Arg Lys Asn Pro Gln Glu Gly Leu Tyr Asn Glu Leu Gln Lys
50 55 60
Asp Lys Met Ala Glu Ala Tyr Ser Glu Ile Gly Met Lys Gly Glu Arg
65 70 75 80
Arg Arg Gly Lys Gly His Asp Gly Leu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Ser Thr Ala
85 90 95
Thr Lys Asp Thr Tyr Asp Ala Leu His Met Gln Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg
100 105 110
<210> 12
<211> 1249
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> NKG2D CAR
<400> 12
taatacgact cactataggg aaataagaga gaaaagaaga gtaagaagaa atataagagc 60
caccatgctt ctcctggtga caagccttct gctctgtgag ttaccacacc cagcattcct 120
cctgatccca ggcgcgcatg ccttcaacca agaagttcaa attcccttga ccgaaagtta 180
ctgtggccca tgtcctaaaa actggatatg ttacaaaaat aactgctacc aattttttga 240
tgagagtaaa aactggtatg agagccaggc ttcttgtatg tctcaaaatg ccagccttct 300
gaaagtatac agcaaagagg accaggattt acttaaactg gtgaagtcat atcattggat 360
gggactagta cacattccaa caaatggatc ttggcagtgg gaagatggct ccattctctc 420
acccaaccta ctaacaataa ttgaaatgca gaagggagac tgtgcactct atgcctcgag 480
ctttaaaggc tatatagaaa actgttcaac tccaaatacg tacatctgta tgcaaaggac 540
tgtggctagc ttcgtgccgg tcttcctgcc agcgaagccc accacgacgc cagcgccgcg 600
accaccaaca ccggcgccca ccatcgcgtc gcagcccctg tccctgcgcc cagaggcgtg 660
ccggccagcg gcggggggcg cagtgcacac gagggggctg gacttcgcct gtgatatcta 720
catctgggcg cccttggccg ggacttgtgg ggtccttctc ctgtcactgg ttatcaccct 780
ttactgcaac cacaggaaca gagtgaagtt cagcaggagc gcagacgccc ccgcgtacca 840
gcagggccag aaccagctct ataacgagct caatctagga cgaagagagg agtacgatgt 900
tttggacaag agacgtggcc gggaccctga gatgggggga aagccgagaa ggaagaaccc 960
tcaggaaggc ctgtacaatg aactgcagaa agataagatg gcggaggcct acagtgagat 1020
tgggatgaaa ggcgagcgcc ggaggggcaa ggggcacgat ggcctttacc agggtctcag 1080
tacagccacc aaggacacct acgacgccct tcacatgcag gccctgcccc ctcgctgaac 1140
cggtcgaccc aagcttgctg ccttctgcgg ggcttgcctt ctggccatgc ccttcttctc 1200
tcccttgcac ctgtacctct tggtctttga ataaagcctg agtaggaag 1249
<210> 13
<211> 126
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CD8铰链区
<400> 13
ttcgtgccgg tcttcctgcc agcgaagccc accacgacgc cagcgccgcg accaccaaca 60
ccggcgccca ccatcgcgtc gcagcccctg tccctgcgcc cagaggcgtg ccggccagcg 120
gcgggg 126
<210> 14
<211> 42
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CD8铰链(蛋白质)
<400> 14
Phe Val Pro Val Phe Leu Pro Ala Lys Pro Thr Thr Thr Pro Ala Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Pro Pro Thr Pro Ala Pro Thr Ile Ala Ser Gln Pro Leu Ser Leu
20 25 30
Arg Pro Glu Ala Cys Arg Pro Ala Ala Gly
35 40
<210> 15
<211> 123
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CD8跨膜结构域
<400> 15
ggcgcagtgc acacgagggg gctggacttc gcctgtgata tctacatctg ggcgcccttg 60
gccgggactt gtggggtcct tctcctgtca ctggttatca ccctttactg caaccacagg 120
aac 123
<210> 16
<211> 336
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CD3z细胞内受体信号传导结构域
<400> 16
agagtgaagt tcagcaggag cgcagacgcc cccgcgtacc agcagggcca gaaccagctc 60
tataacgagc tcaatctagg acgaagagag gagtacgatg ttttggacaa gagacgtggc 120
cgggaccctg agatgggggg aaagccgaga aggaagaacc ctcaggaagg cctgtacaat 180
gaactgcaga aagataagat ggcggaggcc tacagtgaga ttgggatgaa aggcgagcgc 240
cggaggggca aggggcacga tggcctttac cagggtctca gtacagccac caaggacacc 300
tacgacgccc ttcacatgca ggccctgccc cctcgc 336
<210> 17
<211> 41
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CMV-F引物
<400> 17
atccgctcga gtagttatta atagtaatca attacggggt c 41
<210> 18
<211> 762
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> EpCAM scFv
<400> 18
gatatccaga tgacccagtc cccgtcctcc ctgagtgctt ctgttggtga ccgtgttacc 60
atcacctgcc gttccaccaa atccctcctg cactccaacg gtatcaccta cctttattgg 120
tatcaacaga aaccgggtaa agctccgaaa cttctgatct accagatgtc caacctggct 180
tccggtgttc cgtctcgttt ctccagttct ggttctggta ccgacttcac cctgaccatc 240
tcttctctgc agccggaaga cttcgctacc tactactgcg ctcagaacct ggaaatcccg 300
cgtaccttcg gtcagggtac caaagttgaa cttaagcgcg ctaccccgtc tcacaactcc 360
caccaggttc catccgcagg cggtccgact gctaactctg gaactagtgg atccgaagta 420
cagctggttc agtccggccc gggtcttgtt caaccgggtg gttccgttcg tatctcttgc 480
gctgcttctg gttacacgtt caccaactac ggcatgaact gggtcaaaca ggctccgggt 540
aaaggcctgg aatggatggg ctggatcaac acctacaccg gtgaatccac ctacgctgac 600
tccttcaaag gtcgcttcac tttctccctc gacacaagtg ctagtgctgc atacctccaa 660
atcaactcgc tgcgtgcaga ggatacagca gtctattact gcgcccgttt cgctatcaaa 720
ggtgactact ggggtcaagg cacgctgctg accgtttcct cg 762
<210> 19
<211> 254
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> EpCAM scFv (蛋白质)
<400> 19
Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ser Thr Lys Ser Leu Leu His Ser
20 25 30
Asn Gly Ile Thr Tyr Leu Tyr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala
35 40 45
Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Gln Met Ser Asn Leu Ala Ser Gly Val Pro
50 55 60
Ser Arg Phe Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile
65 70 75 80
Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Gln Asn
85 90 95
Leu Glu Ile Pro Arg Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Leu Lys
100 105 110
Arg Ala Thr Pro Ser His Asn Ser His Gln Val Pro Ser Ala Gly Gly
115 120 125
Pro Thr Ala Asn Ser Gly Thr Ser Gly Ser Glu Val Gln Leu Val Gln
130 135 140
Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly Ser Val Arg Ile Ser Cys
145 150 155 160
Ala Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asn Tyr Gly Met Asn Trp Val Lys
165 170 175
Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Met Gly Trp Ile Asn Thr Tyr
180 185 190
Thr Gly Glu Ser Thr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Phe Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Phe
195 200 205
Ser Leu Asp Thr Ser Ala Ser Ala Ala Tyr Leu Gln Ile Asn Ser Leu
210 215 220
Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Phe Ala Ile Lys
225 230 235 240
Gly Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Leu Thr Val Ser Ser
245 250
<210> 20
<211> 1759
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> EpCAM CAR
<400> 20
taatacgact cactataggg aaataagaga gaaaagaaga gtaagaagaa atataagagc 60
caccatgctt ctcctggtga caagccttct gctctgtgag ttaccacacc cagcattcct 120
cctgatccca ggcgcgcatg ccttcaacca agaagttcaa attcccttga ccgaaagtta 180
ctgtggccca tgtcctaaaa actggatatg ttacaaaaat aactgctacc aattttttga 240
tgagagtaaa aactggtatg agagccaggc ttcttgtatg tctcaaaatg ccgatatcca 300
gatgacccag tccccgtcct ccctgagtgc ttctgttggt gaccgtgtta ccatcacctg 360
ccgttccacc aaatccctcc tgcactccaa cggtatcacc tacctttatt ggtatcaaca 420
gaaaccgggt aaagctccga aacttctgat ctaccagatg tccaacctgg cttccggtgt 480
tccgtctcgt ttctccagtt ctggttctgg taccgacttc accctgacca tctcttctct 540
gcagccggaa gacttcgcta cctactactg cgctcagaac ctggaaatcc cgcgtacctt 600
cggtcagggt accaaagttg aacttaagcg cgctaccccg tctcacaact cccaccaggt 660
tccatccgca ggcggtccga ctgctaactc tggaactagt ggatccgaag tacagctggt 720
tcagtccggc ccgggtcttg ttcaaccggg tggttccgtt cgtatctctt gcgctgcttc 780
tggttacacg ttcaccaact acggcatgaa ctgggtcaaa caggctccgg gtaaaggcct 840
ggaatggatg ggctggatca acacctacac cggtgaatcc acctacgctg actccttcaa 900
aggtcgcttc actttctccc tcgacacaag tgctagtgct gcatacctcc aaatcaactc 960
gctgcgtgca gaggatacag cagtctatta ctgcgcccgt ttcgctatca aaggtgacta 1020
ctggggtcaa ggcacgctgc tgaccgtttc ctcggctagc ttcgtgccgg tcttcctgcc 1080
agcgaagccc accacgacgc cagcgccgcg accaccaaca ccggcgccca ccatcgcgtc 1140
gcagcccctg tccctgcgcc cagaggcgtg ccggccagcg gcggggggcg cagtgcacac 1200
gagggggctg gacttcgcct gtgatatcta catctgggcg cccttggccg ggacttgtgg 1260
ggtccttctc ctgtcactgg ttatcaccct ttactgcaac cacaggaaca gagtgaagtt 1320
cagcaggagc gcagacgccc ccgcgtacca gcagggccag aaccagctct ataacgagct 1380
caatctagga cgaagagagg agtacgatgt tttggacaag agacgtggcc gggaccctga 1440
gatgggggga aagccgagaa ggaagaaccc tcaggaaggc ctgtacaatg aactgcagaa 1500
agataagatg gcggaggcct acagtgagat tgggatgaaa ggcgagcgcc ggaggggcaa 1560
ggggcacgat ggcctttacc agggtctcag tacagccacc aaggacacct acgacgccct 1620
tcacatgcag gccctgcccc ctcgctgaac cggtcgaccc aagcttgctg ccttctgcgg 1680
ggcttgcctt ctggccatgc ccttcttctc tcccttgcac ctgtacctct tggtctttga 1740
ataaagcctg agtaggaag 1759
Claims (11)
1.一种离体扩增的自然杀伤(NK)细胞,所述自然杀伤(NK)细胞经基因修饰以包含编码C-X-C基序趋化因子受体1 (CXCR1)的重组核酸;
和经基因修饰以表达重组嵌合抗原受体(CAR),所述重组嵌合抗原受体(CAR)包括细胞内信号传导结构域、跨膜结构域和包含抗原结合区的细胞外结构域;
其中所述细胞内信号传导结构域含有基于免疫受体酪氨酸的激活基序(ITAM)的结构域;
其中所述重组CAR的细胞外结构域为NKG2D受体的细胞外结构域或抗EPCAM单克隆抗体的scFv片段;
所述NKG2D受体的细胞外结构域的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:9所示,所述抗EpCAM单克隆抗体的scFv片段的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:18所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的NK细胞,其中所述细胞内信号传导结构域是CD3ζ。
3.根据权利要求1所述的NK细胞,其中所述跨膜结构域是CD8跨膜结构域。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的NK细胞,其中所述重组CAR进一步包含在抗原结合区和跨膜区之间的铰链区。
5.根据权利要求4所述的NK细胞,其中所述铰链区是CD8铰链区。
6.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含药学有效量的权利要求1至5中任一项的NK细胞和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
7.权利要求1至5中任一项的NK细胞在制备用于治疗有需要的受试者的卵巢癌的药物组合物中的用途。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其中所述NK细胞来源于异体或自体细胞。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其中所述NK细胞来源于外周血、脐带血、骨髓或诱导多能干细胞。
10.一种制备权利要求1-5任一项的NK细胞的方法,所述方法包括:
(i) 获得或提供NK细胞;
(ii) 提供编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码重组CAR的重组核酸;和
(iii) 将编码CXCR1的重组核酸和编码重组CAR的重组核酸转移到NK细胞中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中在步骤(iii)中转移重组核酸使用电穿孔进行。
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US20220273719A1 (en) | 2022-09-01 |
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SG10201907378QA (en) | 2021-03-30 |
EP4010464A4 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
CN114502724A (zh) | 2022-05-13 |
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