CN1144985C - Cold accumulator and cold accumulation type freezer using same - Google Patents

Cold accumulator and cold accumulation type freezer using same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1144985C
CN1144985C CNB011120657A CN01112065A CN1144985C CN 1144985 C CN1144985 C CN 1144985C CN B011120657 A CNB011120657 A CN B011120657A CN 01112065 A CN01112065 A CN 01112065A CN 1144985 C CN1144985 C CN 1144985C
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China
Prior art keywords
regenerator
cool storage
storage material
tabular
refrigerator
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CNB011120657A
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CN1319753A (en
Inventor
�村正已
岡村正已
久
新井智久
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
    • F28D17/02—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/003—Gas cycle refrigeration machines characterised by construction or composition of the regenerator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used 
    • F25B2309/1407—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having in-line geometrical arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used 
    • F25B2309/1416—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by regenerator stack details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)

Abstract

A regenerator comprises a regenerator body and cold accumulating material packed in the regenerator body in which cooling medium gas flows from one end portion of the regenerator body to the other end portion of the regenerator body so as to obtain a lower temperature, wherein at least part of the cold accumulating material is a plate-shaped cold accumulating material having a thickness of 0.03-2 mm. In the above structure, it is preferable that the cold accumulating material is composed of an alloy containing 10 at % or more of rare earth element and that a length of the plate-shaped cold accumulating material in a flowing direction of the cooling medium gas is 1-100 mm. According to the above structure, there can be provided a regenerator and a refrigerator using the regenerator which is free from being finely pulverized, and is excellent in workability and durability, and capable of exhibiting a significant refrigerating performance at low temperature range for a long period of time in a stable condition.

Description

Regenerator
Technical field
The present invention relates to regenerator and cold storage refrigerator, relate in particular to the micro mist phenomenon few, be convenient to process, the life-span is long, can bring into play the regenerator of remarkable refrigerating capacity in low temperature range and use the cold storage refrigerator etc. of this regenerator.
Background technology
In recent years, the superconductor technology development is rapid, and along with the expansion of its application, developing small-sized, high performance refrigerator just becomes inexorable trend.This small refrigerator requirement is in light weight, small-sized, the thermal efficiency is high, just promotes the use in various applications.
For example on superconducting MRI device or cryogenic pump, adopt GM (Gifford Mcmahon) mode or this tower to make the refrigerator of the freeze cycle formation of (starling) mode or pulse pipe (pulse tube) refrigerator etc.In addition, on magnetic suspension train,, also need high performance refrigerator in order to produce magnetic force with superconducting magnet.Recently, the pulling single crystal device is medium in the magnetic field of making superconduction energy accumulating device (SMES) and high level silicon wafer etc. also uses high performance refrigerator.
In this refrigerator, compressed helium etc. are made moving medium and are flowed along a direction in being filled with the regenerator of cool storage material, and its heat energy is supplied with cool storage material, flow round about at the moving medium of doing of this expansion, draw heat energy from cool storage material.Because the backheat in this process is respond well, just can improve the thermal efficiency in the start medium circulation, can realize lower temperature.
The cool storage material that past uses in above-mentioned refrigerator mainly is Cu and Pb etc.Yet, specific heat can obviously dwindle during the utmost point low temperature of this class cool storage material below 20K, thereby can not give full play to above-mentioned backheat effect, when the refrigerator start, can not under utmost point low temperature, in cool storage material, store sufficient heat energy, and make moving medium and can not absorb sufficient heat energy from cool storage material with per 1 cycle.As a result, the refrigerator that the regenerator of the aforementioned cool storage material of filling is housed can not be realized utmost point low temperature.
For this reason, recently in order to improve the regenerative characteristics of aforementioned regenerator under utmost point low temperature, to realize more, adopt maximum value that special utmost point low temperature range below 20K has volume specific heat by with the very big Er of this value near the cryogenic temperature of absolute zero 3Ni, ErNi, HoCu 2Interphase Deng rare earth element and transitional metallic element formation is the magnetic cold-storage material of main body.By on the GM refrigerator, using this class magnetic cold-storage material, can realize freezing under the 4K.Above-mentioned magnetic cold-storage material is processed to the spherical of diameter 0.1～0.5mm usually for can be effectively and as carrying out heat exchange between the helium of cold-producing medium.Especially when magnetic cold-storage material (granular cold-storage material) be when containing the interphase of rare earth element, it is spherical to adopt centrifugal spray method etc. to be processed into.
Yet, make in the refrigerator that refrigerator or pulse pipe refrigerator etc. turn round at a high speed at this tower, filling in the regenerator of spherical magnetic cold-storage particle pressure loss very big, can not realize enough refrigerating capacities.And in GM refrigerator etc., the problem that air permeance resistance raises, heat exchanger effectiveness sharply descends that makes magnetic particle micronizing, cold-producing medium because of the vibration that produces in the refrigerator running and impulsive force takes place easily.
In order to reduce pressure loss, known have following several cool storage material: the cylinder shape ribbon that wears the perforated board of a plurality of refrigerant gas communication port on plate of magnetic material, be rolled into by the magnetic ribbon, net that netted magnetic lamination forms etc.Yet above-mentioned magnetic cold-storage material so be difficult to bore a hole or the processing of curling, is difficult to be processed into above-mentioned shape because of the distinctive fragility of display surface interphase, and processing cost is very high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is just in order to address the above problem, purpose be to provide a kind of micronizing phenomenon few, be convenient to process, the life-span is long, can bring into play the regenerator of significant refrigerating capacity in low temperature range and use the cold storage refrigerator etc. of this regenerator.
To achieve these goals, regenerator of the present invention is a filling cool storage material in the regenerator main body, make refrigerant gas flow to other direction from a direction of regenerator main body, to realize low temperature, be characterized in that at least a portion of above-mentioned cool storage material is that thickness is the following tabular cool storage material of the above 2mm of 0.03mm.
And this cool storage material is made of the alloy that contains the rare earth element more than the 10 atom %.
In addition, in the length of the tabular cool storage material of refrigerant gas flow direction preferably below the above 100mm of 1mm.In addition, preferably a plurality of tabular cool storage materials are set across the gap in the direction with the flow direction quadrature of refrigerant gas, and this gap is below the above 1mm of 0.01mm.
In addition, on above-mentioned regenerator, can on the inwall of regenerator main body, form groove, and in this groove, insert the edge part of above-mentioned tabular cool storage material.Can also on the inwall of regenerator main body, form projection, and between this projection, insert the edge part of above-mentioned tabular cool storage material.Also available supporter is fixed a plurality of tabular cool storage materials, and this supporter is inserted in the regenerator main body.
In addition, preferably a plurality of tabular cool storage materials are provided in the flow direction of refrigerant gas, and the formed regenerator radial angle of the platen surface of the adjacent tabular cool storage material of the flow direction of above-mentioned refrigerant gas 0.5 the degree more than.
In addition,, also above-mentioned a plurality of tabular cool storage materials can be configured to separate the state in cold-producing medium circulation path cross section, form a plurality of unit of cold-producing medium circulation as special construction.In said structure, the thickness average value that is preferably formed as the cool storage material of unit is below the above 2mm of 0.05mm.In addition, preferably the mean value of the sectional area of above-mentioned a plurality of unit is 1 * 10 -9m 2More than 2 * 10 -6m 2Below.Also have, preferably the average length of above-mentioned a plurality of unit is below the above 100mm of 3mm.
In addition, above-mentioned a plurality of tabular cool storage material and unit also can carry out extrusion process by the mixture to the cool storage material powder that contains the above rare earth element of 10 atom % and adhesive and form.
Cold storage refrigerator of the present invention is to make to make moving medium (refrigerant gas) and flow through from the upstream high temperature side of regenerator, and do the heat exchange between moving medium and the cool storage material and obtain more low temperature in the downstream of regenerator by above-mentioned, be characterized in that at least a portion of above-mentioned regenerator is filled with above-mentioned tabular cool storage material.
In addition, MRI of the present invention (MR image) device, magnetic suspension train adds formula pulling single crystal device with superconducting magnet, cryogenic pump and magnetic field and all has above-mentioned cold storage refrigerator of the present invention.
The cool storage material that preferably is filled in the regenerator main body of the present invention has at least a part to form with the magnetic alloy that contains the above rare earth element of 10 atom %.Preferably (wherein R is at least a kind of rare earth element selecting from Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb by available general expression RMz (1) to constitute the alloy of above-mentioned cool storage material, M is at least a kind of element selecting from Ni, Co, Cu, Ag, Al, Ru, In, Ga, Ge, Si and Rh, z is an atomic ratio, satisfies 0≤z≤9.0) the rare earth element monomer of expression or the interphase of rear earth containing element formation.
From aforementioned general expression (1) as can be known, the cool storage material of filling preferably is made of the magnetics such as interphase of rare earth element monomer with RMz (0≤z≤9.0) composition or rear earth containing element in the regenerator of the present invention.But, except above-mentioned magnetic, also can and use the cool storage material that constitutes by Pb, Pb alloy, Cu, Cu alloy, stainless steel and other metal materials.
In above-mentioned general expression, the R composition is at least a kind of rare earth element selecting from Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb, and M is at least a kind of element selecting from Ni, Co, Cu, Ag, Al, Ru, In, Ga, Ge, Si and Rh.
If above-mentioned M composition, will obviously descend as the density of the terres rares atom of magnetic atom greater than 9.0 to the match ratio z of R composition, specific heat is reduced.Here, when z=0, that is, when cool storage material was made of the rare earth element monomer, expression was difficult to regulate than the temperature of thermal peak, so preferably adopt the interphase of rear earth containing element.The preferred range of z is 0.1≤z≤5, and better scope is 1≤z≤3.Especially good concrete composition is Er 3Ni, Er 3Co, ErNi, ErNi 0.9Co 0.1, HoCu 2, ErIn 3, HoSb, Ho 2Al.But, form ErNi after being replaced as Co as a part with the Ni of ErNi 0.9Co 0.1Like that, can be on the basis of mentioned component the part of R composition at least a kind of unit with other R compositions be usually replaced, or the part of M composition at least a kind of unit with other M compositions usually replaced, control the temperature of expression specific heat peak value and peak amplitude etc. thus.
The cool storage material that uses among the present invention also can be had by the utmost point low temperature range below 20K than the oxide of the thermal peak a plurality of magnetic particles as main body and constitutes.The oxide that constitutes this magnetic particle can suitably use the constituent of following general expression (2), (3), (4), (5) expression.
That is, use general expression RM ' 2O 3(2)
(wherein, R is at least a kind of rare earth element selecting from Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb, and M ' is at least a kind of element selecting from 3B family element.) expression the perovskite oxide;
Use general expression AB 2O 4(3)
(wherein A is at least a kind of element selecting from 2B family element, and B is the transitional metallic element that contains Cr at least.) expression the spinels oxide;
Use general expression CD 2O 6(4)
(wherein C is at least a kind of element selecting from Mn and Ni, and D is at least a kind of element selecting from Nb and Ta.) expression oxide; And
Use general expression Gd 1-xR xA 1-yB yO 3(5)
(wherein R is at least a kind of rare earth element selecting from Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er, A is the element of selecting from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Al, Si, when x=0 and y=0, select 2 kinds of elements at least, when x ≠ 0 or y ≠ 0, then select a kind of element at least, B is at least a kind of element selecting from Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Bi, x satisfies atomic ratio 0≤x≤0.4, and y satisfies atomic ratio 0≤y≤0.4.) cool storage material that constitutes of the oxidation magnetic particle of expression.
At aforementioned general expression Gd 1-xR xA 1-yB yO 3(5) in, the general expression GdAO when x=0 and y=0 3Expression, and as this GdAO 3A composition when being single-element, can obtain in general utmost point low temperature range, having magnetic particle, but in the temperature range of 4～6K, seldom demonstrate bigger ratio thermal peak than thermal peak.Therefore, when x=0 and y=0, the A composition will be selected 2 kinds of elements at least.On the other hand, by with the rare earth element displacement of the part of Gd, or, regulate, as high performance cool storage material than thermal characteristics with other element substitutions of the part of A composition with other.
In addition, at above-mentioned general expression (5): Gd 1-xR xA 1-yB yO 3In, the R composition is at least a kind of rare earth element selecting from Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er, is the active ingredient that can sharply widen specific heat of combustion peak value or control peak temperature position, adds with the form of a displacement Gd part.If expression R composition replacement amount adds ratio x greater than 0.4, then specific heat reduces.In above-mentioned R composition, select Tb, Dy, Ho, Er better, wherein Tb, Dy are especially good.
In addition, the A composition represents the element selected to have the effect of control ratio thermal peak from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Al, Si.And, when x=0 and y=0, select 2 kinds of elements at least, and when x ≠ 0 or y ≠ 0, then select a kind of element at least, so GdAO 3The part of Gd in the system or A composition must be used other element substitutions.As above-mentioned A composition element, preferably use Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ga, Al, wherein Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ga, Al are especially good.
Also have, the B composition is by a part of replacing above-mentioned A composition, also by regulating (Gd 1-xR x) effect such as interatomic distance and improve element than thermal characteristics.The B composition is represented at least a kind of element selecting from Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Bi.As B composition element, preferably Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Ta, W, wherein Ta, W are especially good.If the ratio y of representing this B composition addition just is difficult to keep perovskite structure greater than 0.4, cause the ratio thermal characteristics of the cool storage material that constitutes by magnetic particle to descend.
In addition, about aforementioned general expression: Gd 1-xR xA 1-yB yO 3In the oxygen atom ratio, sometimes owing to defective of atom etc. departs from as 3 of stoichiometric proportion.Yet, as long as oxygen atom just can not contrast thermal characteristics and have much impact than in 2.5～3.5 scope.
The manufacture method of the tabular cool storage material of filling is not particularly limited in the regenerator of the present invention, and for example available slicer (blade saw) cutter sweep of etc.ing will have the cool storage material alloy pig cut-out of mentioned component or with the powder method sintering etc.
In addition, as described later, the cool storage material that forms a plurality of unit that circulate for refrigerant gas also can form by the mixture extruding back with cool storage material powder and adhesive.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, regenerator 1 of the present invention is in the regenerator main body 2 of tubular for example, forms the fixing a plurality of tabular cool storage materials of (gap) G configuration 3 backs at certain intervals in the direction with the direction quadrature of refrigerant gas circulation path 4.
The plate thickness T that is filled in the tabular cool storage material 3 in the regenerator 1 of the present invention is the key factor that influences refrigerator cold-storage characteristic, and the present invention fixes on this thickness T in the following scope of the above 2mm of 0.03mm.If the plate thickness T of cool storage material 3 is less than 0.03mm, the structural strength of cool storage material is just not enough, and generation is damaged easily when assembling regenerator 1, can cause breakage because of vibration simultaneously in the refrigerator operation process.
And if the plate thickness T of cool storage material 3 is greater than 2mm, the heat that then is penetrated into cool storage material 3 inside (deep) in 1 freeze cycle again can be not enough, causes the cold-storage decrease in efficiency.For this reason, the present invention fixes on the plate thickness T of cool storage material 3 in the scope of 0.03mm～2mm, but is more preferably the scope of 0.2mm～1.3mm, the preferably scope of 0.4mm～1.0mm.
Again as shown in Figures 3 and 4, in regenerator 1a of the present invention, the length L of the tabular cool storage material 3a on best refrigerant gas (helium) flow direction is below the above 100m of 1mm.If the length of tabular cool storage material 3a is less than 1mm, then in order to be filled in the long regenerator main body 2a of flow direction of refrigerant gas with above-mentioned short cool storage material 3a, packing job needs spend many man-hours, is unfavorable for producing.
On the other hand, if the length L of tabular cool storage material 3a greater than 100mm, then the coefficient of heat conduction of gas flowing path direction increases, and so heat flows into the low-temperature end of refrigerator easily, causes refrigerating capacity decline.Length L with the tabular cool storage material 3a on the refrigerant gas flow direction fixes in the scope of 1～100mm for this reason, is more preferably in the scope of 5～40mm, preferably in the scope of 8～20mm.
Promptly, dispose the structure of longer cool storage material 3 compares with the refrigerant gas flow direction total length along regenerator 1 of Figure 1 and Figure 2, Fig. 3 and the structure that a plurality of shorter cool storage material 3a streamwises are provided with continuously shown in Figure 4 can utilize the seam of adjacent cool storage material 3a, 3a to suppress above-mentioned heat conduction, so refrigerating capacity is better.
In addition, as Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 4, in regenerator 1 of the present invention, be provided in a plurality of tabular cool storage material 3 of the direction of the flow direction quadrature of refrigerant gas, the clearance G of 3a and fix on below the above 1mm of 0.01mm.If the clearance G of tabular cool storage material 3,3a is less than 0.01mm, the air permeance resistance of the refrigerant gas on the gas flowing path 4 can increase, and causes refrigerating capacity to descend.
And if the clearance G of tabular cool storage material 3,3a is greater than 1mm, then the pack completeness of cool storage material 3,3a descends, and the heat exchange between refrigerant gas and cool storage material 3, the 3a simultaneously is insufficient, can cause the cold-storage decrease in efficiency.Interval G with tabular cool storage material fixes in the scope of 0.01mm～1mm for this reason, is more preferably in the scope of 0.02mm～0.3mm, preferably in the scope of 0.05mm～0.15mm.
In regenerator of the present invention, the fixed structure that each tabular cool storage material is fixed on the regenerator main body is not particularly limited, but preferably adopts following fixed structure.For example shown in Figure 4, be inserted in the groove 5 that forms on the inwall of regenerator main body 2a by edge part each tabular cool storage material 3a, each cool storage material 3a can be fixed and form regenerator.In this occasion, the thickness that forms the bossing of groove 5 just becomes the clearance G that forms between adjacent cool storage material 3a, 3a, and forms refrigerant gas circulation path 4.But, can before tabular cool storage material 3a is inserted above-mentioned groove 5, coat lubriation materials such as lubricating grease in advance, be convenient to smooth insertion thus.
In addition, as other fixed structures of tabular cool storage material, also can adopt the mode of Figure 6 and Figure 7.Promptly, in Fig. 6, regenerator 1b shown in Figure 7, on the inwall of regenerator main body 2b, form projection 6, the edge part that inserts tabular cool storage material 3b between this projection is fixed, the thickness of projection 6 becomes the gap that forms between adjacent cool storage material 3b, and forms the refrigerant gas circulation path.Above-mentioned protruding 6 shape is not particularly limited, and can be different shapes such as claw type, button shape, clavate.In addition, projection also can form on the surface of tabular cool storage material.
As other fixed structures of tabular cool storage material, also can adopt Fig. 8 and mode shown in Figure 9.That is, with the supporter 7 that can be inlaid in the regenerator main body 2, and form a plurality of groove 5a that the edge part for tabular cool storage material 3 inserts vertically at the inner face of this supporter 7, a plurality of tabular cool storage materials 3 of insertion are fixed this supporter 7 in.Promptly, not to adopt the mode of tubular regenerator main body 2 self being processed and fixing tabular cool storage material 3, fix but in advance will a plurality of tabular cool storage materials 3 in the supporter 7 that constitutes with regenerator main body 2 same materials or different materials support with certain interval, and this supporter 7 is a plurality of along the axial insertion in the regenerator main body 2, form regenerator thus.
In this occasion, because a plurality of tabular cool storage materials 3 are that predetermined fixed is in supporter 7, so when changing cool storage material 3, as long as the supporter 7 that more renews can be finished the replacing operation.Thereby, not only be convenient to finish rapidly the replacing operation of cool storage material 3, and cool storage material 3 handles easily, can reduce breakage.
In addition, the inventor finds, set in the regenerator of formation at the flow direction of a plurality of tabular cool storage materials along refrigerant gas, being in conplane occasion with platen surface at the adjacent tabular cool storage material of refrigerant gas flow direction compares, make the structure of the mutual slight misalignment of platen surface of above-mentioned adjacent cool storage material more help successfully carrying out heat exchange, and cold-storage efficient is better.
For this reason, regenerator of the present invention preferable example is that the platen surface at the adjacent tabular cool storage material of the flow direction of above-mentioned refrigerant gas is decided to be more than 0.5 degree in the angle that regenerator radially forms.As Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, when a plurality of tabular cool storage material 3 configurations are fixed in the supporter 7, and it is this supporter 7 is overlapping with as regenerator 1c the time in refrigerant gas flow direction multilayer, the formed regenerator radial angle of the platen surface θ of adjacent tabular cool storage material 3,3a is adjusted to more than 0.5 degree, can controls the circulation path resistance size of refrigerant gas thus.
If the formed regenerator radial angle of the platen surface θ at the adjacent tabular cool storage material 3 of above-mentioned refrigerant gas circulation path direction, 3a spends less than 0.5, the circulation path resistance of refrigerant gas is reduced, be difficult to make between refrigerant gas (start gas) and the cool storage material and carry out sufficient heat exchange.Though the formed angle θ of the platen surface of above-mentioned adjacent cool storage material is decided to be more than 0.5 degree, be more preferably more than 1 degree, preferably more than 2 degree.
In regenerator of the present invention, a plurality of tabular cool storage materials can be configured to the state with the circulation path cross section partition of refrigerant gas, form a plurality of unit for the refrigerant gas circulation.
In the regenerator of said structure, the average thickness that forms the cool storage material of said units is decided to be below the above 2mm of 0.05m.If the average thickness of cool storage material, can make the structural strength deficiency of cool storage material less than 0.05mm, in the regenerator that not only is difficult to pack into, and also damaged because of the vibration or the impact that produce in the refrigerator operation process easily.
On the other hand, if the average thickness of the cool storage material of formation unit can make the heat leak deficiency that penetrates into cool storage material inside in per 1 freeze cycle greater than 2mm, cold-storage efficient is reduced.For this reason, be decided to be 0.05～2mm, be more preferably the scope below 0.1～1mm, preferably in the scope of 0.2～0.5mm as the average thickness of the cool storage material of unit separation wall.
In filling form in the regenerator of cool storage material of above-mentioned a plurality of unit, the average cross-section of a plurality of unit is preferably in 1 * 10 -9m 2More than 2 * 10 -6m 2Following scope.Wherein, the sectional area of unit is meant the sectional area with the rectangular direction of flow of refrigerant direction (axially).If the average cross-section of this unit is less than 1 * 10 -9m 2, the circulation path resistance of refrigerant gas can increase, and uses the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator of this cool storage material to reduce.On the other hand, if the average cross-section of unit greater than 2 * 10 -6m 2, then not only can reduce the pack completeness of cool storage material in regenerator, and can cause the heat exchange deficiency between refrigerant gas and the cool storage material, make the cold-storage decrease in efficiency.Thereby, the average cross-section of a plurality of unit is decided to be 1 * 10 -9m 2～2 * 10 -6m 2Scope, be more preferably 2 * 10 -9m 2～5 * 10 -7m 2Following scope is preferably 5 * 10 -9m 2～2 * 10 -7m 2Following scope.
In addition, in filling form in the regenerator of cool storage material of said units, preferably the average length of a plurality of unit is fixed in the scope below the above 100mm of 3mm.If the average length of said units less than 3mm, in order to be filled in the long regenerator of refrigerant gas circulation path direction with cool storage material, just needs more cool storage material, cause the assembling of regenerator complicated, be unfavorable for producing.And if the average length of unit then increases because of the heat conduction in the gas flowing path direction greater than 100mm, can make heat flow into the low-temperature end of the regenerator of refrigerator easily, cause refrigerating capacity to descend.For this reason, the average length of unit should be more preferably in the scope of 5～40mm in the scope of 3～100mm, preferably in the scope of 8～20mm.
The unit cross sectional shape of above-mentioned cool storage material is not particularly limited, and shown in Figure 10 (a)～(d), can adopt different shapes such as triangle, quadrangle, hexagon and circle.Also above-mentioned at least 2 kinds of cross sectional shapes can be mixed and constitute cell configuration.In the cross sectional shape of said units, particularly when forming quadrangle and leg-of-mutton unit, can obtain the cool storage material that mechanicalness intensity is good, the life-span is long.
The manufacture method that is filled in the regenerator of the present invention and has a cool storage material of above-mentioned a plurality of unit is not particularly limited, and can use various forming processes such as extrusion, ripple processing method, cotton ginning method and calendering method.From being convenient to the viewpoint of shaping operation, a plurality of tabular cool storage materials and unit preferably carry out extrusion process by the mixture to cool storage material powder more than the rear earth containing element 10 atom % and adhesive and form.
In above-mentioned extrusion process, in the cool storage material powder of regulating through granularity, add bonding agent, lubricant, interfacial agent and stir into mixture as the water of dispersant etc., make this mixture by having the finishing die of squeezing groove, squeezing groove wherein is exactly to form the partition wall that final cellular construction is used, and forms the formed body with a plurality of unit thus.Carry out ungrease treatment then where necessary and bake, form cool storage material thus with regulation cross sectional shape.
In above-mentioned manufacture method, in order to obtain finer and closely woven high strength cool storage material, be preferably in below the 10 μ m as the average grain diameter of the cool storage material powder of raw material.Be more preferably below 5 μ m, preferably below 3 μ m.As adhesive, can suitably use methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatinized corn starch, glycerine, various waxes etc.In addition, adhesive also can use low melting point metal materials such as Pb, Sn, In, various soldering alloys.
But, past attempts has the people to propose and will reel or lamination through the cool storage material blank or the banded cool storage material blank of embossing processing, gap between adjacent cool storage material blank forms the cellular construction of simulation, but uses the regenerator of this cool storage material different with the result of use of regenerator of the present invention.
That is, above-mentioned traditional cool storage material just forms the part contact of the tabular cool storage material of unit, and to be the firm partition wall that is formed one surround in unit of the present invention.Thereby cellular construction of the present invention can stably be kept the shape of each unit under external force, helps the stabilisation of refrigerator characteristic.Especially when constituting the partition wall thinner thickness of unit, the mechanicalness undercapacity of cool storage material when adopting the structure that the blank of the sort of tabular cool storage material of above-mentioned conventional example is in contact with one another, and the present invention forms one because of a plurality of tabular cool storage materials, form the frame structure of high rigidity, so can guarantee sufficient mechanicalness intensity and life-span.
In addition, on the cool storage material with aforementioned conventional cellular construction, owing to can't improve machining accuracy, the contact of partition wall that constitutes a part of unit is insufficient, can produce the gap.In this occasion, the heat exchange between the cool storage material of refrigerant gas and formation partition wall is just insufficient, causes the cold-storage performance to reduce.And in the cool storage material that uses in regenerator of the present invention, can not form the gap between adjacent partition wall, so the problems referred to above can not take place.
In addition, the somebody proposes to form the circulation path of a plurality of holes as refrigerant gas by methods such as machining, etching or evaporation process on the thin plate that is made of magnetic material, will form cool storage material behind such thin plate lamination again.Yet it is very difficult forming a plurality of trickle holes with machining process on the thin plate that the very high magnetic material of fragility constitutes, and industrial cost is very high.
The inventor also considered be made of the cool storage material of reeling around the core the material that is different from cool storage material, and it is a plurality ofly tied up the back drawing and be processed into one, formed porose cool storage material after removing core by etching or evaporation process then.Yet, be difficult to generally speaking fragility height, unmanageable magnetic material are carried out drawing processing, can not become industrial manufacture method.In addition, when adopting above-mentioned manufacture method, generally be to form the cross section to be circular hole, but in order to form circular hole, the partition wall that surrounds the hole will be made of curved surface, shown in Figure 10 (d), thin partition wall portions mixes with thicker partition wall portions.Therefore, the structural strength deficiency of thin part, and, all can become the factor that cool storage material requirement characteristic reduces that reduces than the heat exchange deficiency of thickness portion.
Thereby unit of the present invention cross sectional shape and its as if Figure 10 (a)～(c) uses triangle, quadrangle or hexagon like that, can not guaranteed higher mechanical property and good heat transfer characteristic simultaneously with the circular cross-section shown in Figure 10 (d).
The regenerator of the cold storage refrigerator of the present invention has at least a part to adopt the regenerator that is filled with above-mentioned cool storage material.Can certainly be the regenerator filling cool storage material of the present invention of regulation cooling section, other regenerators are other cool storage materials with ratio thermal characteristics corresponding with its Temperature Distribution of filling then.
Adopt the regenerator of said structure, owing to tabular cool storage material can be filled in the regenerator main body, and guaranteed to make refrigerant gas easily by and can and cool storage material between carry out the space of sufficient heat exchange, so promptly be used in the refrigerator that this tower makes refrigerator or pulse pipe refrigerator etc. turn round at a high speed, also have little, the long-time stable freezing characteristic of pressure loss.And, the refrigerating capacity of refrigerator is improved, and can keep stable freezing performance for a long time by at least a portion regenerator of this regenerator as refrigerator used.
In addition, MRI device, cryogenic pump, magnetic suspension train all are subjected to freezing performance impact with the performance that superconducting magnet and magnetic field add formula pulling single crystal device, bring into play excellent performance when formula pulling single crystal device can both be grown so used MRI device of the present invention, cryogenic pump, the magnetic suspension train of above-mentioned refrigerator to add with superconducting magnet and magnetic field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view of regenerator one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the partial cutoff front view of Fig. 1 regenerator.
Fig. 3 is the stereogram of the another embodiment of regenerator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the amplification view of IV portion among Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the part and the Temperature Distribution of indicating impulse pipeline refrigerator schematically.
Fig. 6 is the stereogram of the another embodiment of regenerator of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the amplification stereogram of VII portion among Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the half sectional view of the another embodiment of regenerator of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the longitudinal section of Fig. 8 regenerator.
Figure 10 represents the cross sectional shape of cool storage material, (a) is the cutaway view of triangular element, (b) is the cutaway view of tetragonal unit, (c) is the cutaway view of hexagonal cells, (d) is the cutaway view of circular cell.
Figure 11 is the stereogram and the cutaway view of the example of shape of traditional cool storage material.
Figure 12 is that expression will be inserted the stereogram of assembling regenerator operating process in the regenerator main body behind the cool storage material lamination of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is the curve map that concerns between expression thickness of slab of cool storage material and the refrigerating capacity.
Figure 14 be expression between the cool storage material the gap and refrigerating capacity between the curve map that concerns.
Figure 15 is the cutaway view of the major part structure of the cold storage refrigerator of expression (GM refrigerator).
Figure 16 is the cutaway view of the superconducting MRI device basic structure of expression one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 17 is the stereogram of major part basic structure of the superconducting magnet (magnetic suspension train with) of expression one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 18 is the cutaway view of basic structure of the cryogenic pump of expression one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 19 is the stereogram that the magnetic field of expression one embodiment of the invention adds the major part basic structure of formula pulling single crystal device.
The specific embodiment
Specify example of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Has HoCu with the casting of high-frequency melting method 2The alloy pig of composition, and this ingot carried out in a vacuum 12 hours heat treatment with 750 ℃ temperature.With the alloy pig section that obtains, making a plurality of width W as shown in Figure 3 is that 35mm, length L are that 10mm, thickness T are the thin rectangle cool storage material 3a of 0.5mm with slicer.
On the other hand, prepare regenerator main body 2a, that is, on inwall, form the groove 5 of a plurality of dark 0.5mm on for the square tube shape regenerator main body 2a of vertical 35mm * horizontal 35mm * length 150mm as shown in Figure 4 in inside dimensions shown in Figure 3.In the groove 5 of above-mentioned regenerator main body 2a, fix after the two edges portion of the aforementioned thin rectangular cool storage material 3a of insertion then, make the regenerator 1a of embodiment 1 thus.
In the regenerator 1a of the foregoing description 1,, be connected with 15 along the flow direction of refrigerant gas with the length direction state consistent of thin rectangle cool storage material 3a with the flow direction of refrigerant gas.Be decided to be 0.1mm owing to form the thickness of the projection of groove 5, so between thin rectangle cool storage material 3a, the 3a adjacent, form the refrigerant gas circulation path 4 that clearance G is 0.1mm respectively with the direction of the flow direction quadrature of refrigerant gas.
Below in order to estimate the regenerator characteristic made from said method, prepared 2 laminar pulse pipe refrigerators.Fig. 5 represents the basic structure of 1 laminar pulse pipe refrigerator.The max architecture of this pulse pipe formula refrigerator 70 be characterised in that do not possess aftermentioned GM refrigerator the reciprocating piston used of requisite generation cold air.Therefore, Mechanical Reliability is good, vibrates lowly, is specially adapted to the cooling of element or sensor and uses refrigerator.
Pulse pipe refrigerator 70 is a kind of of cold storage refrigerator, generally uses helium as refrigerant gas.Basic structure is as follows, refrigerator except regenerator 1, the phase-regulating mechanism 72 that also has pressure vibration source 71 that helium is compressed and the time difference of the pressure oscillation of refrigerant gas and shift in position (displacement) is controlled.
Make on the refrigerator at GM refrigerator or this tower, above-mentioned phase-regulating mechanism 72 is arranged on the reciprocating piston mechanism of low-temp. portion, and pulse pipe refrigerator 70 is configured in room temperature portion, connect with the pipeline that is called pulse tube between the phase-regulating mechanism 72 of the low-temperature end of regenerator 1 and room temperature portion, the pressure wave phase place of refrigerant gas is carried out far distance controlled.And the refrigerant gas that causes of pressure oscillation and the handing-over of the entropy between the cool storage material make entropy accumulate successively to a direction by suitable timing is carried out in displacement, obtains lower temperature at the low-temp. portion of regenerator 1.
And will pack into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of above-mentioned 2 segmentation pulse pipe refrigerators with the regenerator of the embodiment 1 of preceding method manufacturing, be assembled into the refrigerator of embodiment 1, carry out refrigeration test, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K with 5Hz.
The refrigerating capacity of present embodiment is that the thermic load that the temperature that makes thermic load act on the 2nd cooling layer and the 2nd cooling layer with heater when turning round with refrigerator rises when 4.2K stops to define.
As a result, the refrigerating capacity during 4.2K is 0.11W.In addition, after refrigeration test finishes, the cool storage material of filling in the refrigerator regenerator taken out and observe its outward appearance, do not find each tabular cool storage material breakage.
Embodiment 2
Has HoCu with the casting of high-frequency melting method 2The alloy pig of composition, and this ingot carried out in a vacuum 12 hours heat treatment with 750 ℃ temperature.With the alloy pig section that obtains, making a plurality of width as Figure 6 and Figure 7 is that 35mm, length are that 15mm, thickness are the thin rectangle cool storage material 3b of 0.7mm with slicer.
On the other hand, prepare regenerator main body 2b, that is, on inwall, form the projection 6 of a plurality of vertical 1mm * horizontal 2mm * thick 0.2mm on for the square tube shape regenerator main body 2b of vertical 35mm * horizontal 35mm * length 150mm as shown in Figure 7 in the inside dimensions of Figure 6 and Figure 7.After the two edges portion that inserts aforementioned thin rectangular cool storage material 3b between the projection 6,6 of above-mentioned regenerator main body 2b, fix then, make the regenerator 1b of embodiment 2 thus.
In the regenerator 1b of the foregoing description 2,, be connected with 10 along the flow direction of refrigerant gas with the length direction state consistent of thin rectangle cool storage material 3b with the flow direction of refrigerant gas.Because projection 6 thickness is decided to be 0.2mm, so between thin rectangle cool storage material 3b, the 3b adjacent, form the refrigerant gas circulation path that the gap is 0.2mm respectively with the direction of the flow direction quadrature of refrigerant gas.
For this regenerator 1b, similarly to Example 1, will pack into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse refrigerator, be assembled into refrigerator, carry out refrigeration test with 5Hz, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K, the result obtains the refrigerating capacity of 0.11W.
Embodiment 3
Has HoCu with the casting of high-frequency melting method 2The alloy pig of composition, and this ingot carried out in a vacuum 12 hours heat treatment with 750 ℃ temperature.With the alloy pig section that obtains, making a plurality of is that 25mm, thickness are the thin rectangle cool storage material 3 of 1mm as Fig. 8 and length shown in Figure 9 with slicer.In this occasion, width adjusting of each thin rectangular cool storage material 3 becomes following size: can be that 39mm, length are to set along separating certain intervals with gas flow direction in the roughly cylindric supporter 7 of 25mm at Fig. 8 and external diameter shown in Figure 9.
Above-mentioned supporter 7 is made into its external diameter and can be flush-mounted in the regenerator main body 2, at the inner face of supporter 7, forms two edge parts that can insert tabular cool storage material 3 along gas flow direction and supports the fixedly groove 5a of usefulness.And two edge parts of the cool storage material 3 that width is different insert among the groove 5a of supporter 7, are assembled into and the fixing a plurality of supporters 7 of cool storage material 3 one.At internal diameter is that 39mm, length are 6 layers of above-mentioned supporter 7 of overlapping vertically filling in the regenerator main body 2 of 150mm, produces the regenerator 1c of embodiment 3 with this.But, the angle θ at the formed regenerator circumferencial direction of platen surface of axially adjacent tabular cool storage material 3,3 is zero.
For this regenerator 1c, similarly to Example 1, will pack into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse refrigerator, be assembled into refrigerator, carry out refrigeration test with 5Hz, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K, the result obtains the refrigerating capacity of 0.13W.
Embodiment 4
With the insertion of embodiment 3, fix each tabular cool storage material 3 supporter 7 overlapping 6 layers form regenerator 1c, and make after the 2nd layer～the 6th layer the undermost relatively supporter 7 of supporter 7 and rotate 5 degree successively around the central shaft of regenerator main body, in the regenerator main body, carry out multilayer filling, overlapping with this state, make the regenerator of embodiment 4.Promptly, making the cool storage material 3 mutual displacements in each adjacent supporter 7, is 5 degree so that be fixed on the platen surface of the tabular cool storage material 3 in each layer supporter 7 and be fixed on the regenerator angle θ radially that forms between the platen surface of the tabular cool storage material 3 in the adjacent supporter 7 of gas flowing path direction.
And, for this regenerator, similarly to Example 1, will pack into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse refrigerator, be assembled into refrigerator, carry out refrigeration test with 5Hz, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K, the result obtains the refrigerating capacity of 0.20W.
Comparative example 1
Has HoCu with the casting of high-frequency melting method 2The alloy pig of composition makes the fusing of this alloy pig with about 1350K, and makes to drip under the alloy liquation that obtains at pressure and be adjusted in the Ar atmosphere of 90KPa with 1 * 10 4Disperse on the disk of the rotary speed rotation of rpm, quench solidification is made the magnetic particle thus then.The magnetic particle that obtains is screened and carry out the shape classification, obtaining particle diameter thus is the spherical magnetic particle of 0.2mm～0.3mm.This sphere magnetic particle is filled in the regenerator main body of internal diameter 35mm, length 150mm, obtains traditional regenerator of comparative example 1 thus.
For this regenerator, similarly to Example 1, will pack into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse refrigerator, be assembled into refrigerator, carry out refrigeration test with 5Hz, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K, the result obtains the refrigerating capacity of 0.02W.
Comparative example 2
Has HoCu with the casting of high-frequency melting method 2The alloy pig of composition, and this ingot carried out in a vacuum 12 hours heat treatment with 750 ℃ temperature.With slicer the alloy pig that obtains is cut into slices, carry out mechanical lapping processing again, making a plurality of width W as shown in figure 11 is that 35mm, length L are that 150mm, thickness T are that 2.3mm, two edge parts of length direction have wide 1.5mm * high 1.2mm flange part 8, cross section to be the cool storage material 3c of コ font.
On the other hand, prepare inside dimensions shown in Figure 12 square tube shape regenerator main body 2c for vertical 35mm * horizontal 35mm * long 150mm.Then, the cool storage material 3c that will be the コ font with the cross section that preceding method is made 10 overlapping backs as shown in Figure 12 inserts in the above-mentioned regenerator main body 2c of square tube shapes fixingly, makes the regenerator 1d of comparative example 2 thus.
In the regenerator 1d of comparative example 2, each tabular cool storage material 3c is along the configuration of the total length of this 2c of regenerator master, with the direction of refrigerant gas flow direction quadrature on stacked 10.The flange part 8 that forms in the both sides of the edge of each cool storage material 3c plays a role as the liner that keeps substantive gap between adjacent cool storage material 3c, the 3c.And the height of each flange part 8 is decided to be 1.2mm, so between tabular cool storage material 3c, the 3c adjacent with the direction of the flow direction quadrature of refrigerant gas, forming clearance G respectively is the refrigerant gas circulation path 4 of 1.2mm.
For this regenerator 1d, similarly to Example 1, will pack into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse refrigerator, be assembled into refrigerator, carry out refrigeration test with 5Hz, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K, the result has to the refrigerating capacity of 0.04W.In addition, for the flange part 8 that forms each cool storage material 3c needs a lot of machining periods, cause manufacturing cost to rise significantly.
Embodiment 5
The thickness T of the tabular cool storage material 3a that uses among the embodiment 1 is changed in the scope of 0.1～2.3mm, and set for the gap size between adjacent tabular cool storage material 3a, 3a identical with embodiment 1, each cool storage material is inserted in the regenerator main body that is fixed on 35mm * long 150mm in length and breadth, make the regenerator of embodiment 5 thus.
And, for this regenerator, similarly to Example 1, will pack into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse refrigerator, be assembled into refrigerator, carry out refrigeration test with 5Hz, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K, the result is as shown in figure 13.
From result shown in Figure 13 as can be known, on the refrigerator that uses thickness of slab as the cool storage material below the 0.4mm, refrigerating capacity does not have tangible difference, but thickness of slab is thin more, is not easy more cool storage material is packed in the regenerator main body.According to result shown in Figure 13, use thickness of slab when the cool storage material of 0.4～2mm scope, can access high refrigerating capacity.
Embodiment 6
The thickness that uses among the embodiment 1 is changed in the scope of 0.008～1.5mm as the gap size G between tabular cool storage material 3a, the 3a of 0.5mm, and each cool storage material inserted in the regenerator main body that is fixed on 35mm * long 150mm in length and breadth, make the regenerator of embodiment 6 thus respectively.
And, for each regenerator, similarly to Example 1, will pack into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse refrigerator, be assembled into refrigerator, carry out refrigeration test with 5Hz, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K, the result is as shown in figure 14.
From result shown in Figure 14 as can be known, on the refrigerator that uses the regenerator of clearance G in 0.01～1mm scope between adjacent tabular cool storage material, there is peak value in refrigerating capacity, particularly when using thickness of slab to be the regenerator of 0.05～0.5mm scope, can access high refrigerating capacity.
Embodiment 7
Has Er with the casting of high-frequency melting method 3The alloy pig of Ni composition, and this ingot carried out in a vacuum 12 hours heat treatment with 700 ℃ temperature.With the alloy pig section that obtains, making a plurality of width W is that 40mm, length L are that 15mm, thickness T are the thin rectangle cool storage material of 0.6mm with slicer.
On the other hand, prepare the square tube shape regenerator main body of inside dimensions for vertical 40mm * horizontal 40mm * long 180mm, and within it on the wall a plurality of degree of depth of formation be the groove of 0.6mm.Then, two edge parts of aforesaid thin rectangle cool storage material are inserted in the groove of this regenerator main body fixingly, make the regenerator of embodiment 7 thus.
On the regenerator of the foregoing description 7, be connected with 12 at the flow direction of refrigerant gas with the length direction state consistent that approaches the rectangle cool storage material with the flow direction of refrigerant gas.Be decided to be 0.08mm owing to form the thickness of the projection of groove, so between the thin rectangle cool storage material adjacent, form the refrigerant gas circulation path that clearance G is 0.08mm respectively with the direction of refrigerant gas flow direction quadrature.
Then, in order to estimate the characteristic of the regenerator of as above making, prepare 2 layers of expansion type GM refrigerator shown in Figure 15.2 laminar GM refrigerators 10 shown in Figure 15 are embodiment of refrigerator of the present invention.2 laminar GM refrigerators 10 shown in Figure 15 have vacuum tank 13, wherein be provided with large diameter the 1st cylinder 11, with the 1st cylinder 11 coaxial minor diameter that is connected the 2nd cylinders, on the 1st cylinder 11, be provided with the 1st regenerator 14 that moves back and forth freely, be provided with the 2nd regenerator 15 that moves back and forth freely on the 2nd cylinder 12, be respectively equipped with sealing ring 16,17 between the 1st cylinder 11 and the 1st regenerator 14 and between the 2nd cylinder 12 and the 2nd regenerator 15.
The 1st cool storage material 18 of Cu mesh-shape etc. is housed in the 1st regenerator 14.In the 2nd regenerator 15, the tabular utmost point low temperature that uses in the regenerator of the present invention is housed uses cool storage material as the 2nd cool storage material 19.The 1st regenerator 14 and the 2nd regenerator 15 have respectively and are located at the 1st cool storage material 18 or the utmost point low temperature path of making moving medium (refrigerant gas) with the helium in gap of cool storage material 19 etc.
Between the 1st regenerator 14 and the 2nd regenerator 15, be provided with the 1st expanding chamber 20.Between the front bulkhead of the 2nd regenerator 15 and the 2nd cylinder 12, be provided with the 2nd expanding chamber 21.And form the 1st cooling bench 22 in the bottom of the 1st expanding chamber 20, be lower than the 2nd cooling bench 23 of the 1st cooling bench 22 in the bottom formation temperature of the 2nd expanding chamber 21.
Make moving medium (such as helium) from what compressor 24 was supplied with high pressure to 2 above-mentioned laminar GM refrigerators 10.The moving medium of supplying with of doing arrives the 1st expanding chamber 20 through being contained between the 1st cool storage material 18 in the 1st regenerator 14, again through being contained in utmost point low temperature in the 2nd regenerator 15 with between the cool storage material (the 2nd cool storage material) 19 and arrive the 2nd expanding chamber 21.At this moment, making moving medium supplies with heats and is cooled to each cool storage material 18,19.The moving medium of doing that has passed through between each cool storage material 18,19 produces cold air in each expanding chamber 21,22 expansion, with each cooling bench 22,23 cooling.The moving medium of doing after the expansion flows between each cool storage material 18,19 round about.Making moving medium accepts to discharge behind the heat energy from each cool storage material 18,19.The backheat effect is good more in such process, and the thermal efficiency of start medium circulation is high more, can realize more low temperature.
And, the regenerator of the embodiment 7 that will make with preceding method is packed into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of above-mentioned 2 layers of expansion type GM refrigerator, is assembled into the refrigerator of embodiment 7, carries out refrigeration test with 2Hz, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K, the result obtains the refrigerating capacity of 0.57W.In addition, will be filled in cool storage material in the regenerator of refrigerator and take out and observe its outward appearance after refrigeration test finishes, the result does not find that the cool storage material particle has breakage.
Comparative example 3
Has Er with the casting of high-frequency melting method 3The alloy pig of Ni composition, and make the fusing of this alloy pig with about 1200K, and make to drip under the alloy liquation that obtains at pressure and be adjusted in the Ar atmosphere of 90KPa with 1 * 10 4Disperse on the disk of the rotary speed rotation of rpm, quench solidification is made the magnetic particle thus then.The magnetic particle that obtains is screened and carry out the shape classification, obtaining particle diameter thus is the spherical magnetic particle of 0.2mm～0.3mm.This sphere magnetic particle is filled in the square tube shape regenerator main body of vertical 40mm * horizontal 40mm * long 180mm similarly to Example 7, obtains traditional regenerator of comparative example 3 thus.
For this regenerator, similarly to Example 7, will pack into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of 2 layers of expansion type GM refrigerator, be assembled into the GM refrigerator, carry out refrigeration test with 2Hz, measure the refrigerating capacity under the 4.2K, the result obtains the refrigerating capacity of 0.21W.
Below explanation is configured to separate the state in refrigerant gas circulation path cross section, the embodiment that formation has the cool storage material of a plurality of unit that circulate for refrigerant gas with a plurality of tabular cool storage materials.
Embodiment 8
Make with the high-frequency melting method and to have HoCu 2The alloy pig of composition.With this HoCu 2The alloy pig of composition is ground into the cool storage material powder that average grain diameter is 2.6 μ m with jet pulverizer.In this cool storage material powder, add the polyethylene alcohol and water, this mixture is supplied with to form to the spiral extruder with metal mould for formation, this forming metal mould has the unit cross sectional shape shown in Figure 10 (b), thereby obtains having the extruded body of the unit of regulation cross sectional shape.The cross sectional shape of each unit is that the length of side is the square of 50 μ m, is 100 μ m as the thickness of the cool storage material of the partition wall that surrounds the unit.Temperature with 850 ℃ after this extruded body degreasing is baked, make the cool storage material of embodiment 8 usefulness of diameter 35mm, length 30mm.
3 cool storage materials that will have the said units structure are filled to the low temperature side of the regenerator of length 150mm, and the while across the Pb globular powder of felt packing filling particle diameter 180～300 μ m, is made the regenerator of embodiment 8 at the remaining space of the high temperature side of regenerator.This regenerator is packed into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse pipe formula refrigerator shown in Figure 5, and make the running of pulse pipe formula refrigerator with 6Hz, result's refrigerating capacity when 4.2K is stabilized in 0.15W.In addition, after running finishes, the cool storage material of cellular construction is taken out observation from regenerator, the result does not find the partition wall of breakage.
Embodiment 9
Prepare the GdA1O of average grain diameter 1.8 μ m 3Powder.In this cool storage material powder, add the polyethylene alcohol and water, and this mixture supplied with to form to the spiral extruder with metal mould for formation, this forming metal mould has the unit cross sectional shape shown in Figure 10 (b), thereby obtains having the extruded body of the unit of regulation cross sectional shape.The cross sectional shape of each unit is that the length of side is the square of 50 μ m, is 100 μ m as the thickness of the cool storage material of the partition wall that surrounds the unit.Temperature with 1500 ℃ after this extruded body degreasing is baked, make the cool storage material of embodiment 9 usefulness of diameter 35mm, length 30mm.
1 cool storage material that will have the said units structure is filled to the low temperature side of the regenerator of length 150mm, while is at the remaining space of the high temperature side of regenerator, 2 cool storage materials of filling embodiment 8, across the Pb globular powder of felt packing, make the regenerator of embodiment 9 again to this high temperature side filling particle diameter 180～300 μ m.This regenerator is packed into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse pipe formula refrigerator shown in Figure 5, and make the running of pulse pipe formula refrigerator with 6Hz, result's refrigerating capacity when 4.2K is stabilized in 0.18W.In addition, after running finishes, the cool storage material of cellular construction is taken out observation from regenerator, the result does not find the partition wall of breakage.
Comparative example 4
Has HoCu with the casting of high-frequency melting method 2The alloy pig of composition, and make this HoCu with about 1350K 2Alloy pig fusing, and make to drip under the alloy liquation that obtains at pressure and be adjusted in the Ar atmosphere of 90KPa with 1 * 10 4Back quench solidification on the disk of the rotary speed rotation of rpm is made the magnetic particle thus.The magnetic particle that obtains is screened and carry out the shape classification, obtaining thus by particle diameter is the cool storage material of the comparative example 4 that constitutes of the spheroidal particle of 0.2～0.3mm.
This cool storage material particle is filled to the regenerator of making comparative example 4 in the regenerator of the used pulse pipe formula refrigerator of embodiment 8,9.This regenerator is packed into as the 2nd layer of regenerator of pulse pipe formula refrigerator shown in Figure 5, and make the running of pulse pipe formula refrigerator with 6Hz, the refrigerating capacity that the result obtains when 4.2K is 0.01W.
Adopt the regenerator of the foregoing description, promptly be used in pulse pipe formula refrigerator or this tower and make the refrigerator of running at a high speed such as refrigerator, its pressure loss is also less, can realize the regenerator that the heat exchange frequency is high, and then realizes the high refrigerator of refrigerating capacity.
Embodiment 10
Present embodiment is the process that repeats similarly to Example 8 except the cross sectional shape of used metal mould for formation is that the triangle shown in Figure 10 (a), the one length of side are the 75 μ m, makes the cool storage material of embodiment 10 usefulness with regulation cellular construction.And, be filled to similarly to Example 8 and carry out refrigeration test in the regenerator.
As a result, the refrigerating capacity when 4.2K is 0.14W.In addition, behind continuous 500 hours these refrigerators that turn round, the refrigerating capacity when measuring 4.2K again, the result shows and is stabilized in 0.14W.Finish the back in running again and take out the cool storage material with cellular construction from regenerator, the result does not find that partition wall has breakage.
Embodiment 11
Present embodiment is that the circle shown in Figure 10 (d), the partition wall thickness that forms the unit are the 90 μ m except the cross sectional shape of used metal mould for formation, be the process that repeats similarly to Example 8, make the cool storage material of embodiment 11 usefulness with regulation cellular construction.And, be filled to similarly to Example 8 and carry out refrigeration test in the regenerator.
As a result, the refrigerating capacity when 4.2K is 0.11W.In addition, behind continuous 500 hours these refrigerators that turn round, the refrigerating capacity when measuring 4.2K again, the result has only 0.05W.Finish the back in running again and from regenerator, take out cool storage material, found that partition wall has the breakage of 19 places, and detect micronized cool storage material with cellular construction.
Below the superconducting MRI device of the cold storage refrigerator of the present invention, magnetic suspension train adds formula pulling single crystal device with superconducting magnet, cryogenic pump and magnetic field embodiment are used in explanation.
Figure 16 is the basic structure cutaway view that has adopted superconducting MRI device of the present invention.Superconducting MRI device 30 shown in Figure 16 by: human body is spatially evenly stably added the superconduction magnetostatic field coil 31 of magnetostatic field on the time, correcting coil (not shown) that the inhomogeneities that magnetic field takes place is proofreaied and correct, applies formations such as the gradient magnetic field coil 32 of the magnetic field gradient and radio wave transmitting-receiving credit probe 33 to measuring the zone.For superconduction magnetostatic field coil 31 is cooled off, adopt the cold storage refrigerator of aforesaid the present invention.In addition, 35 is cryostats among the figure, the 36th, and the radiation thermal stabilization shield.
On the superconducting MRI device 30 that has used the cold storage refrigerator 34 of the present invention, can keep the operating temperature of superconduction magnetostatic field coil 31 long-term and stably, so can obtain for a long time on the space evenly, stable magnetostatic field on the time.Can make the performance of superconducting MRI device 30 be able to long-time stable performance.
Figure 17 has been to use the stereogram of the magnetic suspension train of the cold storage refrigerator of the present invention with the major part basic structure of superconducting magnet, and the expression magnetic suspension train is used the part of superconducting magnet 40.Magnetic suspension train shown in Figure 17 is made of superconducting coil 41, the liquid helium jar 42 with these superconducting coil 41 cooling usefulness, the liquid nitrogen jar 43 that prevents this liquid helium volatilization and cold storage refrigerator 44 of the present invention etc. with superconducting magnet 40.In addition, 45 is lamination heat-barrier materials, the 46th among the figure, power line, the 47th, permanent current switch.
With on the superconducting magnet 40, can keep the operating temperature of superconducting coil 41 at the magnetic suspension train that has used the cold storage refrigerator 44 of the present invention long-term and stably, suspend and the required magnetic field of advancing so can obtain train for a long time.Especially, magnetic suspension train is with the effect of superconducting coil 40 performance acceleration, and cold storage refrigerator 44 of the present invention also can keep good refrigerating capacity for a long time when acceleration, so brought into play significant role for stabilizing magnetic field intensity for a long time etc.Thereby, used the magnetic suspension train of this superconducting magnet 40 can keep reliability for a long time.
Figure 18 has been to use the basic structure cutaway view of the cryogenic pump of the cold storage refrigerator of the present invention.Cryogenic pump 50 shown in Figure 180 by: solidify or the of the present invention cold storage refrigerator 52 of the low temperature panel 51 of adsorption gas molecule, extremely low temperature that this low temperature panel 51 is cooled to stipulate, the formations such as ring 55 that are located at shielding 53 between them, are located at the baffle plate 54 of air entry and the exhaust velocity of argon gas, nitrogen, hydrogen etc. is changed.
On the cryogenic pump 50 that has used the cold storage refrigerator 52 of the present invention, can keep the operating temperature of low temperature panel 51 long-term and stably, so can make the performance of cryogenic pump 50 be able to long-time stable performance.
Figure 19 has been to use the magnetic field of the cold storage refrigerator of the present invention to add the basic structure stereogram of formula pulling single crystal device.Magnetic field shown in Figure 19 add formula pulling single crystal device 60 by: have raw materials melt with the pulling single crystal portion 61 of crucible, heater, pulling single crystal mechanism etc., the raw material liquation is added the superconducting coil 62 of magnetostatic field and the formations such as elevating mechanism 63 of pulling single crystal portion 61.And, for superconducting coil 62 is cooled off, adopt aforesaid cold storage refrigerator 64 of the present invention.65 is current feeds among the figure, the 66th, and thermal insulation board, the 67th, helium vessel.
Add on the formula pulling single crystal device 60 in the magnetic field of having used the cold storage refrigerator 64 of the present invention, can keep the operating temperature of superconducting coil 62 long-term and stably, so can obtain to control the good magnetic field of crystal raw material liquation convection current for a long time.Thereby the performance that can make magnetic field add formula pulling single crystal device 60 is able to long-time stable performance.
As mentioned above, adopt regenerator of the present invention, owing to be that tabular cool storage material is filled to back formation in the regenerator main body, and form be convenient to refrigerant gas by, can and cool storage material between carry out sufficient heat exchange the space, even so make the regenerator use of the refrigerator that refrigerator or pulse pipe refrigerator etc. turn rounds at a high speed as this tower, its pressure loss is also less, and can keep stable freezing performance for a long time.And at least a portion regenerator of refrigerator adopts regenerator of the present invention, just can make refrigerator improve refrigerating capacity, and can keep stable freezing performance for a long time.
In addition, MRI device, cryogenic pump, magnetic suspension train all will be subjected to the refrigerator Effect on Performance with the performance that superconducting magnet and magnetic field add formula pulling single crystal device, can both bring into play good performance for a long time so used MRI device of the present invention, cryogenic pump, the magnetic suspension train of above-mentioned refrigerator to add formula pulling single crystal device with superconducting magnet and magnetic field.

Claims (12)

1. regenerator, filling cool storage material in the regenerator main body, make refrigerant gas flow to other direction from a direction of regenerator main body, to realize low temperature, it is characterized in that the part of above-mentioned cool storage material is that thickness is that the following described cool storage material of tabular cool storage material of the above 2mm of 0.03mm is made of the alloy that contains the above rare earth element of 10 atom %.
2. regenerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, below the above 100mm of length 1mm of the tabular cool storage material of refrigerant gas flow direction.
3. regenerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, a plurality of tabular cool storage materials are set across the gap in the direction with the flow direction quadrature of refrigerant gas, and this gap is below the above 1mm of 0.01mm.
4. regenerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, forms groove on the inwall of regenerator main body, and inserts the edge part of above-mentioned tabular cool storage material in this groove.
5. regenerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, forms projection on the inwall of regenerator main body, and inserts the edge part of above-mentioned tabular cool storage material between this projection.
6. regenerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, with the fixing a plurality of tabular cool storage materials of supporter, and with in this supporter insertion regenerator main body.
7. regenerator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, a plurality of tabular cool storage materials are provided in the flow direction of refrigerant gas, and at the formed regenerator radial angle of the platen surface of the adjacent tabular cool storage material of the flow direction of above-mentioned refrigerant gas more than 0.5 degree.
8. regenerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned a plurality of tabular cool storage materials are configured to separate the state in refrigerant gas circulation path cross section, forms a plurality of unit for the refrigerant gas circulation.
9. regenerator according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the thickness average value that forms the cool storage material of described unit is below the above 2mm of 0.05mm.
10. regenerator according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the mean value of the sectional area of above-mentioned a plurality of unit is 1 * 10 -9m 2More than 2 * 10 -6m 2Below.
11. regenerator according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the average length of above-mentioned a plurality of unit is below the above 100mm of 3mm.
12. regenerator according to claim 8 is characterized in that, above-mentioned a plurality of tabular cool storage materials and unit carry out extrusion process by the mixture to the cool storage material powder that contains the above rare earth element of 10 atom % and adhesive and form.
CNB011120657A 2000-03-24 2001-03-23 Cold accumulator and cold accumulation type freezer using same Expired - Lifetime CN1144985C (en)

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CN104736945B (en) * 2012-10-22 2016-08-17 株式会社东芝 Cold head, superconducting magnet, inspection device and cryogenic pump
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