CN114497941B - Terahertz waveguide filter based on dual-mode resonant cavity and design method thereof - Google Patents
Terahertz waveguide filter based on dual-mode resonant cavity and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114497941B CN114497941B CN202210401588.6A CN202210401588A CN114497941B CN 114497941 B CN114497941 B CN 114497941B CN 202210401588 A CN202210401588 A CN 202210401588A CN 114497941 B CN114497941 B CN 114497941B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
- H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
- H01P11/007—Manufacturing frequency-selective devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a terahertz waveguide filter based on a dual-mode resonant cavity and a design method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of terahertz solid-state circuits. The filter comprises an input waveguide, a first diaphragm, a first resonant cavity, a second diaphragm, a second resonant cavity, a third diaphragm and an output waveguide which are arranged in sequence; by changing the relative positions of the first resonant cavity, the second resonant cavity and the adjacent diaphragm, an independently controllable transmission zero is introduced into the upper stop band or the lower stop band of the filter, so that the rectangular coefficient of the filter is greatly improved, and the filter has excellent filtering performance; the filter has a very small width-depth ratio, the whole structure is symmetrical about an E plane, the processing difficulty can be effectively reduced, the yield of devices is improved, and the filter is very suitable for a high-precision low-cost numerical control milling technology; meanwhile, the filter design method provided by the invention can realize the rapid design of the filter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz solid-state circuits, and relates to a terahertz waveguide filter based on a dual-mode resonant cavity and a design method thereof.
Background
Terahertz waves refer to electromagnetic waves in the frequency range of 0.1-10 THz. The terahertz wave is adjacent to the millimeter wave in the long wave band, and has intersection with the infrared ray in the short wave band, and is in the intersection region of macroscopic electronics and microscopic photonics. Nowadays, the terahertz wave has unique advantages in a plurality of application fields such as object imaging, communication, astronomical observation and food detection, and a research enthusiasm of terahertz wave research is formed.
Terahertz waves have many characteristics that microwave millimeter waves and visible light do not have, and have attracted wide attention of numerous researchers. The unique properties of terahertz waves are mainly shown in the following aspects: broadband characteristics, low photon energy, strong penetrability and the like; meanwhile, the terahertz radiation has high signal-to-noise ratio and is suitable for high-quality imaging. In view of various advantages of the terahertz waves, the terahertz waves have practical values in the fields of security inspection, communication, medicine, space exploration and military and national defense.
The filter has a long development history in the low frequency band of the electromagnetic spectrum and is provided with a set of mature and complete design and manufacturing system. Due to the extremely short wavelength characteristic of the terahertz filter, the physical size of the filter becomes an important part in research and processing. With the maturity of terahertz technology, the demand of high-performance terahertz filters is also pressing, and related research work receives more and more attention.
In the terahertz frequency band, because the transmission loss of electromagnetic waves in a microstrip line is large, a rectangular waveguide is generally adopted to design a terahertz filter. The most common is a direct coupling filter based on the chebyshev function, which is composed of a cascade of a plurality of mono-mode resonators as shown in fig. 1 (a). This type of filter is simple in construction and easy to manufacture, but has the disadvantage of not being very frequency selective. In some application scenarios (for example, a band-pass filter with a high rectangular coefficient is required in terahertz communication of a superheterodyne system to filter out an unnecessary sideband signal), a high-order filter is required to improve the rectangular coefficient, which inevitably increases the insertion loss of the filter, thereby affecting the overall performance of the system.
Another effective way to improve the frequency selectivity of the filter is to increase the rectangular coefficients of the filter significantly by adding transmission zeros near the filter passband. For rectangular waveguide filters, transmission zeros are typically introduced in three ways. The first is a waveguide filter based on a cross-coupling method, as shown in fig. 1(b), but the filter having such a structure is very complicated in design, has high sensitivity to processing errors, and cannot flexibly control the transmission zero point position. The second is a waveguide filter based on the pole extraction method, as shown in fig. 1(c), but this structure is mainly based on the lumped parameter extraction method to design the filter, and thus is mostly applied to a narrow band filter. And the third is to introduce transmission zero by using a dual-mode or multi-mode resonant cavity, and the mode can freely control the position of the transmission zero by controlling the size of the resonant cavity, has flexible design and is the most common mode of a rectangular waveguide filter. However, the width-depth ratio of the waveguide filter of the conventional TE mode-based dual-mode resonator is large, as shown in fig. 1(d), only a processing manner symmetrical with respect to the H-plane can be adopted, but the processing manner may destroy the waveguide wall current, and when the frequency rises to the terahertz frequency band, a fine gap between the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the filter due to processing burrs may greatly deteriorate the transmission performance of the filter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex structure and low rectangular coefficient in the prior art, and provides a terahertz waveguide filter based on a dual-mode resonant cavity and a design method thereof. The filter can introduce an independent controllable transmission zero point at the upper stop band or the lower stop band of the filter by changing the relative position of the resonant cavity and the adjacent diaphragm, thereby greatly improving the rectangular coefficient of the filter and having excellent filtering performance; the filter has a small width-depth ratio, the whole structure is symmetrical about an E plane, the structure is simple, the processing difficulty can be effectively reduced, the yield of devices is improved, and the filter is very suitable for a high-precision low-cost numerical control milling technology. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a design method of the filter, which can realize the rapid design of the filter.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a terahertz waveguide filter based on a dual-mode resonant cavity comprises an input waveguide, a first diaphragm, a first resonant cavity, a second diaphragm, a second resonant cavity, a third diaphragm and an output waveguide which are sequentially arranged;
wherein the transmission mode of the filter is TE 101 Mode and TM 110 A mode;
the sizes of the wide sides of the first resonant cavity, the second resonant cavity, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are the same;
the central axes of the input waveguide, the first diaphragm, the second diaphragm, the third diaphragm and the output waveguide are positioned on the same straight line, and the central axes are used as reference lines; the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are shifted upwards or downwards relative to the reference line in the direction of the narrow sides.
Furthermore, the size range of the deviation of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity in the narrow side direction relative to the reference line is 0.15mm-0.3 mm.
Further, the narrow sides of the input waveguide and the output waveguide are the same in size; the narrow sides of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are different in size.
Further, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are WR-4 standard rectangular waveguides.
Furthermore, the narrow sides of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity range from 0.8mm to 1mm, and the length along the axial direction ranges from 0.7mm to 0.8 mm.
Furthermore, the value ranges of the wide edges of the first diaphragm, the second diaphragm and the third diaphragm are 0.5mm-0.6mm, the value ranges of the narrow edges are 0.3mm-0.4mm, and the value ranges of the lengths along the axial direction are 0.1mm and 0.6 mm.
The terahertz waveguide filter based on the dual-mode resonant cavity can introduce two resonant modes and a transmission zero point. The working principle is as follows: in a resonant cavity TE 101 Mode aboutyCoordinate (axial) invariance, TM 110 Of modesHxThe field component isyThe axis is an odd function with respect to the center of the waveguide cross section. Therefore, when the coupling window is shifted with respect to the reference line, the relative signs of the input and output change (phase change), and the inter-mode energy cancels to generate a transmission zero point.
The invention also provides a design method based on the terahertz waveguide filter, which comprises the following steps:
a design method of a terahertz waveguide filter based on a dual-mode resonant cavity comprises the following steps:
s1, determining design indexes of the filter, including center frequency, working bandwidth and rectangular coefficient;
s2, selecting the specific model of the standard waveguide according to the center frequency of the filter, and further determining the broadside sizes of the first resonant cavity, the second resonant cavity, the input waveguide and the output waveguidea；
S3, according to the central frequency and working bandwidth of the filter, by controlling TM in the dual-mode resonant cavity 110 Mode and TE 101 Resonant frequency of mode
And the resonance frequency
Introducing transmission zero points at the upper/lower stop band of the filter at the relative position in the frequency spectrum, and determining the axial length and the narrow side size of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity;
specifically, when the transmission zero is introduced into the stop band under the filter, the TM is first selected according to the operating bandwidth 110 Resonant frequency of modeRate of formation
With TE 101 Resonant frequency of mode
And is made of
Calculating the axial length and the narrow side size of the first resonant cavity by using the formula (1) and the formula (2); selecting TM according to working bandwidth when introducing transmission zero point into stop band on filter 110 Resonant frequency of mode
With TE 101 Resonant frequency of mode
And is made of
Calculating the axial length and the narrow side size of the second resonant cavity by using the formula (1) and the formula (2);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,cin order to be the speed of light,lis the axial length of the resonant cavity,bThe size of the narrow side of the resonant cavity;
s4, after the sizes of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are determined, the offset of the narrow side directions of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity relative to a reference line is adjusted, the coupling strength between the two modes is controlled, the distance between a transmission zero point and the working frequency band of the filter is further controlled, and the rectangular coefficient index of the filter is met;
and S5, carrying out integral optimization on the filter through simulation software to finally obtain the filter meeting the design index.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention is based on TE 101 Mode and TM 110 And a transmission zero point is introduced in the mode, and the position of the transmission zero point is independently controllable, so that the rectangular coefficient of the filter can be greatly improved.
2. All cavities of the waveguide filter have the same width and lower width-depth ratio; meanwhile, the whole structure is simple and symmetrical about the E plane, the processing difficulty of a device can be greatly reduced, and the method is very suitable for a low-cost high-precision numerical control milling technology.
3. The filter is suitable for a WR-4 wave band (170GHz-260GHz) or a terahertz wave band with higher frequency.
4. The invention provides a TE-based method 101 Mode and TM 110 According to the design method of the mode dual-mode resonant cavity filter, the axial lengths and the narrow side sizes of the two resonant cavities are obtained through calculation according to a formula, and then the final size of the filter can be obtained through rapid optimization by using simulation software, so that the design efficiency of the filter is remarkably improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional waveguide filter; wherein, (a) is a direct coupling filter based on Chebyshev function, (b) is a waveguide filter based on cross coupling mode, (c) is a waveguide filter based on pole extraction mode, and (d) is a waveguide filter of a traditional dual-mode resonant cavity based on TE mode;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing simulation results of the present embodiment; wherein (a) the lower stop band generates transmission zero, and (b) the upper stop band generates transmission zero;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cavity structure of the filter according to the embodiment;
fig. 4 is a top view of the filter cavity structure of the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is a side view of the structure of the filter cavity according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing simulation results of the sixth order Chebyshev filter according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the cavity of the sixth order Chebyshev filter and the filter of the present embodiment; wherein (a) is the filter of the present embodiment; (b) is a six-order chebyshev filter.
The reference numbers indicate: 1. the cavity comprises a first resonant cavity, 2, a second resonant cavity, 3, a first diaphragm, 4, a second diaphragm, 5, a third diaphragm, 6, an input waveguide and 7, an output waveguide.
Detailed Description
For a more clear description of the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The embodiment provides a transmission mode as TE 101 Mode and TM 110 The terahertz waveguide filter of the dual-mode resonant cavity of the mode, as shown in fig. 3-5, includes an input waveguide, a first diaphragm, a first resonant cavity, a second diaphragm, a second resonant cavity, a third diaphragm, and an output waveguide, which are sequentially arranged.
The input waveguide and the output waveguide are WR-4 standard rectangular waveguides, and the width sizes of the input waveguide, the first resonant cavity, the second resonant cavity and the output waveguide are the same and are 1.092 mm; the narrow side dimensions of the input and output waveguides are 0.546 mm.
The central axes of the input waveguide, the first diaphragm, the second diaphragm, the third diaphragm and the output waveguide are positioned on the same straight line, and the central axes are taken as reference lines; the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are shifted upwards relative to the reference line in the narrow side direction, and the shifting sizes are 0.21mm and 0.198mm respectively; the narrow side dimensions of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are 0.914mm and 0.87mm respectively, and the axial lengths are 0.749mm and 0.787mm respectively.
The sizes of the narrow sides of the first diaphragm and the third diaphragm are 0.328mm, and the axial lengths of the first diaphragm and the third diaphragm are 0.1 mm; the width of the first membrane is 0.549mm, and the width of the third membrane is 0.522 mm; the narrow side, the wide side and the axial length dimension of the second diaphragm are respectively 0.356mm, 0.556mm and 0.6 mm.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing simulation results of the dual-mode resonator of this embodiment, in which (a) transmission zero is generated in the lower stop band, and (b) transmission zero is generated in the upper stop band; based on the design method provided by the invention, TM in the dual-mode resonant cavity is controlled 110 Mode and TE 101 Resonant frequency of mode
And the resonance frequency
And at the relative position in the frequency spectrum, a transmission zero is introduced into the upper/lower stop band, so that the rectangular coefficient of the filter is greatly improved.
Fig. 6 is a simulation result diagram of the filter and the sixth-order chebyshev filter in this embodiment, and it can be seen that the 3dB bandwidth of the filter in this embodiment is 210GHz-217GHz, and meanwhile, two transmission zeros are introduced into the dual-mode cavity near 208.1GHz and 218.8 GHz, so that the dual-mode cavity has an out-of-band rejection degree equivalent to that of the conventional sixth-order chebyshev filter, and the rectangular coefficient of the filter is greatly improved.
Fig. 7 is a top view of the cavity of the filter and the sixth-order chebyshev filter of this embodiment, and it can be seen that the filter of this embodiment has a shorter size under the condition of having similar frequency response characteristics, and is very beneficial to the miniaturization of the circuit and the system while reducing the insertion loss.
Claims (8)
1. A terahertz waveguide filter based on a dual-mode resonant cavity comprises an input waveguide, a first diaphragm, a first resonant cavity, a second diaphragm, a second resonant cavity, a third diaphragm and an output waveguide which are sequentially arranged;
wherein the transmission mode of the filter is TE 101 Mode and TM 110 Molding;
the sizes of the wide sides of the first resonant cavity, the second resonant cavity, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are the same;
the central axes of the input waveguide, the first diaphragm, the second diaphragm, the third diaphragm and the output waveguide are positioned on the same straight line, and the central axes are used as reference lines; after the sizes of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are determined, the upward or downward offset of the narrow side directions of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity relative to the reference line is adjusted, the coupling strength between the two modes is controlled, further, the position control of the transmission zero point is realized, and the rectangular coefficient index of the filter is improved.
2. The terahertz waveguide filter based on the dual-mode resonant cavity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second resonant cavities are shifted from the reference line in the narrow side direction by a dimension in a range of 0.15mm to 0.3 mm.
3. The terahertz waveguide filter based on the dual-mode resonant cavity as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the narrow sides of the input waveguide and the output waveguide are the same in size; the narrow sides of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are different in size.
4. The terahertz waveguide filter based on the dual-mode resonant cavity as claimed in claim 3, wherein the input waveguide and the output waveguide are WR-4 standard rectangular waveguides.
5. The terahertz waveguide filter based on the dual-mode resonant cavity of claim 3, wherein the narrow sides of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity have a value ranging from 0.8mm to 1mm, and the length along the axial direction has a value ranging from 0.7mm to 0.8 mm.
6. The terahertz waveguide filter based on the dual-mode resonant cavity of claim 5, wherein the first diaphragm, the second diaphragm and the third diaphragm have wide edges ranging from 0.5mm to 0.6mm, narrow edges ranging from 0.3mm to 0.4mm, and length along the axial direction ranging from 0.1mm to 0.6 mm.
7. A design method of a terahertz waveguide filter based on a dual-mode resonant cavity according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining design indexes of the filter, including center frequency, working bandwidth and rectangular coefficient;
s2, selecting standard waveguide according to central frequency of filterThe specific model further determines the dimensions of the wide sides of the first resonant cavity, the second resonant cavity, the input waveguide and the output waveguidea；
S3, according to the central frequency and working bandwidth of the filter, by controlling TM in the dual-mode resonant cavity 110 Mode and TE 101 Resonant frequency of mode
And the resonance frequency
Introducing transmission zero points at the upper/lower stop band of the filter at the relative position in the frequency spectrum, and determining the axial length and the narrow side size of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity;
s4, after the sizes of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are determined, the central axes of the input waveguide, the first diaphragm, the second diaphragm, the third diaphragm and the output waveguide are used as reference lines, the offset of the narrow side directions of the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity relative to the reference lines is adjusted, the coupling strength between the two modes is controlled, the distance between a transmission zero point and the working frequency band of the filter is further controlled, and the rectangular coefficient index of the filter is met;
and S5, carrying out integral optimization on the filter through simulation software to finally obtain the filter meeting the design index.
8. The method for designing a terahertz waveguide filter based on a dual-mode resonant cavity as claimed in claim 7, wherein when a transmission zero is introduced into a stop band under the filter, a TM is selected according to an operating bandwidth 110 Resonant frequency of mode
With TE 101 Resonant frequency of mode
And is made of
Calculating the axial length and the narrow side size of the first resonant cavity by using the formula (1) and the formula (2); selecting TM according to working bandwidth when introducing transmission zero point into stop band on filter 110 Resonant frequency of mode
And TE 101 Resonant frequency of mode
And is and
calculating the axial length and the narrow side size of the second resonant cavity by using the formula (1) and the formula (2);
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,cit is the speed of the light that is,lis the axial length of the resonant cavity,bIs the dimension of the narrow side of the cavity.
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| CN115295992A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-04 | 电子科技大学长三角研究院(湖州) | High-frequency selective waveguide low-pass filter |
| CN115911792B (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-07-18 | 电子科技大学 | Double-zero terahertz waveguide filter based on concave resonant cavity |
| CN116345096B (en) * | 2023-05-19 | 2023-08-04 | 电子科技大学 | Terahertz 90-degree waveguide filter coupler with low-amplitude unevenness |
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