CN114497622B - Fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114497622B CN114497622B CN202111173476.1A CN202111173476A CN114497622B CN 114497622 B CN114497622 B CN 114497622B CN 202111173476 A CN202111173476 A CN 202111173476A CN 114497622 B CN114497622 B CN 114497622B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004954 Polyphthalamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006375 polyphtalamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell system, which comprises a shell, a distribution manifold and two electric stacks; the shell is internally provided with an installation cavity, and the two electric stacks are symmetrically distributed in the installation cavity; the distribution manifold is arranged between the two electric stacks and is connected with the air inlet end plates of the two electric stacks; the distribution manifold and the two stacks are arranged along a first direction, the distribution manifold is provided with more than 2 butt pipes which are arranged at intervals along a second direction, and the axial directions of the butt pipes, the first direction and the second direction are mutually arranged at an angle. According to the power boosting device, 2 stacks are integrated through the distribution manifold, high-power stack power output of power boosting through two smaller power stacks can be achieved, and particularly, power boosting of the middle-power stacks is achieved for mirror symmetry. The fuel cell system can have larger pipe distribution space after being installed on a vehicle, and is convenient for pipe distribution of a pipeline during system matching and integration, so that the system integration difficulty is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell system.
Background
The fuel cell electric automobile is considered as one of the most important development technical routes of new energy automobiles due to the advantages of long driving range, convenient fuel filling, performance similar to the traditional automobiles and the like.
The electric pile is a place where electrochemical reaction occurs, and is also a core part of a fuel cell power system, and is formed by stacking and combining a plurality of single cells in series. The bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes are alternately overlapped, sealing elements are embedded between the monomers, and the sealing elements are tightly pressed by the air inlet end plate and the blind end plate and then fastened by fastening pieces, so that the fuel cell stack is formed. When the electric pile works, hydrogen and oxygen are respectively introduced from the inlet, distributed to the bipolar plates of the single cells through the electric pile gas main channel, uniformly distributed to the membrane electrode through the flow guide of the bipolar plates, and subjected to electrochemical reaction through the contact of the membrane electrode support body and the catalyst.
The number of individual cells connected in series by a single stack is limited because, when stacked, once a certain number is exceeded, the following problems occur: 1) The distribution is uneven, so that the last batteries are not fully utilized; 2) The single cell inconsistency, which causes the occurrence of excessive single cell voltage deviation; 3) Uneven heat dissipation causes overheating of the middle single-cell.
To solve the above problems, a fuel cell currently adopts a scheme in which a plurality of stacks are integrated. That is, a fuel cell of greater power is composed of a plurality of stacks of lesser power. In order to ensure effective output power of the higher power fuel cells, sufficient reaction inside each stack needs to be ensured, which requires uniform distribution of each stack, and therefore, distribution manifolds are required to be configured for the fuel cells integrated by multiple stacks. The pipe arrangement is difficult due to the increase of the pipelines, and the assembly and sealing of the pipelines and the shell also bring great challenges, thereby restricting the development and application of the multi-stack integrated fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fuel cell system, which simplifies the structure of a fuel cell fluid distribution pipeline, reduces the complexity of system integration and improves the reliability of subsequent system integration.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the purpose of the invention is that the fuel cell system comprises a shell, a distribution manifold and two electric stacks; the shell is internally provided with an installation cavity, and the two electric stacks are symmetrically distributed in the installation cavity; the distribution manifold is arranged between the two electric stacks and is connected with the air inlet end plates of the two electric stacks; the distribution manifold and the two stacks are arranged along a first direction, the distribution manifold is provided with more than 2 butt pipes which are arranged at intervals along a second direction, and the axial directions of the butt pipes, the first direction and the second direction are mutually arranged at an angle.
Optionally, the distribution manifold includes an intake adaptation module and an exhaust adaptation module; three distribution channels are arranged in each of the air inlet adaptation module and the air outlet adaptation module;
the distribution channel comprises a butt-joint flow channel, a main flow channel and two symmetrically distributed flow distribution channels, the pipe cavities of the butt-joint pipes form the butt-joint flow channel, and a pile butt-joint port of the flow distribution channel is used for communicating a fluid through port of a pile of the fuel cell;
the air inlet adaptation module and the air outlet adaptation module are respectively provided with a first butt joint surface and a second butt joint surface which are oppositely arranged, and the electric pile butt joint interfaces of the distribution channels are distributed on the first butt joint surface and the second butt joint surface.
Optionally, the air inlet adapting module and the air outlet adapting module are both fan-shaped, the butt-joint flow channel and the flow dividing channel are both straight flow channels, and the main flow channel is a curved flow channel;
the cross section area of the main runner is kept unchanged or is in an increasing trend from the diversion runner to the butt joint runner;
the cross-sectional area of the butt-joint flow channel is equal to the sum of the areas of the pile butt-joint ports of the sub-flow channels communicated with the butt-joint flow channel.
Optionally, the air inlet adaptation module and the air outlet adaptation module each comprise two half shells which are distributed in a mirror symmetry mode, through holes and cavities with outward openings are formed in the two half shells, the openings of the two cavities are opposite to each other to form three distribution channels, and the through holes form the galvanic pile butt joint ports.
Optionally, the air inlet adapting module and the air outlet adapting module are respectively provided with three sensor modules, and probes of the three sensor modules respectively extend into the three distribution channels.
Optionally, a diversion structure is arranged at the transition part of the main runner and the two diversion runners; the diversion structure is a diversion protrusion protruding towards the main flow channel; the probe of at least one of the sensor modules is mounted in the shunt protrusion.
Optionally, the first butt joint surface and the second butt joint surface are parallel and symmetrically distributed; a first sealing ring and/or a first sealing groove are arranged at the galvanic pile butt joint positions of the first butt joint surface and the second butt joint surface; and more than one second sealing ring and/or second sealing grooves are arranged on the outer pipe wall of the butt joint pipe.
Optionally, the two stacks are in mirror symmetry distribution; the air inlet end plates of the two electric stacks are respectively provided with 6 fluid through holes, and the 6 fluid through holes are distributed on two sides of the air inlet end plates and are distributed in a central symmetry manner; the 3 fluid ports on one side of the valve body are sequentially from top to bottom: the air inlet, the cooling liquid discharge port and the hydrogen discharge port are arranged on the other side, and the 3 fluid ports are sequentially from top to bottom: a hydrogen inlet, a cooling liquid inlet and an air exhaust;
the distribution manifold is provided with 12 electric pile pair interfaces, and the 12 electric pile pair interfaces are respectively communicated with the 6 fluid through holes of the two electric piles in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
Optionally, at least 4 supporting seats are arranged in the shell, and the air inlet end plate and the blind end plate of the two galvanic piles are arranged on the supporting seats; and the air inlet end plate and/or the blind end plate are/is fixedly connected with the supporting seat.
Optionally, at least 2 groups of positioning structures are arranged on the distribution manifold and the air inlet end plate; the distribution manifold is positioned with the air inlet end plate through the positioning structure and fixedly connected with the air inlet end plate through screws.
According to the technical scheme, the fuel cell system comprises a shell, a distribution manifold and two electric stacks, wherein an installation cavity is formed in the shell, and the two electric stacks are symmetrically distributed in the installation cavity. According to the fuel cell system, the scheme of the built-in manifold is adopted, the distribution manifold is arranged between the two electric stacks, and the distribution manifold is connected with the air inlet end plates of the two electric stacks, so that on one hand, the built-in manifold can enable the distribution manifold to be directly communicated with the air inlet end plates of the electric stacks, a pipeline is not required to be arranged in the fuel cell system, on the other hand, the distribution manifold is indirectly fixed in the shell through the air inlet end plates of the electric stacks, the distribution manifold is not directly connected with the shell, the system assembly process is simplified, and the assembly precision of the distribution manifold and the air inlet end plates is improved. The distribution manifold is used for integrating 2 electric stacks, so that high-power electric stack power output of power boost through two smaller electric stacks can be realized, and the power boost is particularly aimed at mirror symmetry middle-low power electric stacks.
In the fuel cell system that this application provided, distribution manifold and two electric piles set up along first direction, distribution manifold has more than 2 to follow the butt joint pipe that the second direction interval set up, the butt joint pipe is used for the outside hydrogen supply subsystem of butt joint, the oxygen supply subsystem, cooling liquid subsystem, through setting up the axial to the butt joint pipe, first direction and second direction are each other and are the angle setting, make the fuel cell system that this application provided can have bigger distribution space after installing on the vehicle, the system matches, be convenient for pipeline distribution pipe when integrating, reduce the system integration degree of difficulty, the hydrogen supply subsystem of being convenient for, the oxygen supply subsystem, the pipeline design of cooling liquid subsystem.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of NN of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the fuel cell system of fig. 1 with the housing removed.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the assembly of the distribution manifold and the intake end plate in the fuel cell system of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the distribution manifold structure in the fuel cell system of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a front view of the distribution manifold of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a rear view of the distribution manifold of fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is a bottom view of the distribution manifold of fig. 6.
Fig. 10 is a top view of the distribution manifold of fig. 6.
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view AA of fig. 7.
Fig. 12 is a BB sectional view of fig. 7.
Fig. 13 is a CC-sectional view of fig. 7.
Fig. 14 is a DD cross-sectional view of fig. 7.
Fig. 15 is an EE sectional view of fig. 7.
Fig. 16 is a FF sectional view of fig. 7.
Fig. 17 is a GG sectional view of fig. 10.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1000-a fuel cell; 100-distribution manifold; 200-galvanic pile, 210-air inlet end plate, 211-fluid port, 220-blind end plate; 300-a shell, 310-a mounting cavity, 320-a supporting seat, 330-a fitting part and 340-a screw.
100-distribution manifold, 101-first interface, 102-second interface, 103-central symmetry plane; 10-an air inlet adapting module; a 20-exhaust adaptation module; 30-distribution channels, 31-butt-joint flow channels, 32-main flow channels, 33-sub flow channels and 34-pile butt-joint ports; 40-half shell, 41-threaded hole, 42-butt joint pipe; 50-diverting protrusions; 60-a first sealing ring; 70-a first seal groove; 80-sensor module, 81-air detection sensor, 82-coolant detection sensor, 821-probe, 83-hydrogen detection sensor.
30 a-air inlet and distribution channels, 30 b-discharge cooling liquid channels, 30 c-hydrogen gas discharge and distribution channels, 30 d-hydrogen gas inlet and distribution channels, 30 e-inlet and distribution cooling liquid channels and 30 f-air discharge and distribution channels.
31 a-air inlet and outlet gas distribution butt joint flow passages, 31 b-row distribution cooling liquid butt joint flow passages, 31 c-hydrogen outlet gas distribution butt joint flow passages, 31 d-hydrogen inlet and outlet gas distribution butt joint flow passages, 31 e-inlet and outlet gas distribution butt joint flow passages and 31 f-air outlet gas distribution butt joint flow passages.
34 a-air inlet and outlet air pair interfaces, 34 b-exhaust cooling liquid pair interfaces, 34 c-hydrogen exhaust air pair interfaces, 34 d-hydrogen inlet and outlet air pair interfaces, 34 e-inlet and outlet air pair interfaces, and 34 f-air exhaust air pair interfaces.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present embodiment provides a fuel cell system 1000, referring to fig. 1 to 4, the fuel cell system 1000 is a dual stack integrated fuel cell system 1000, including a distribution manifold 100, two stacks 200, and a housing 300. The housing 300 is provided with a mounting cavity 310 therein, the distribution manifold 100 and the two stacks 200 are both located in the housing 300, and the two stacks are symmetrically distributed in the mounting cavity 310. The fuel cell system 1000 of the application adopts the scheme of built-in manifold, on one hand, the built-in manifold can enable the distribution manifold to be directly communicated with the air inlet end plate of the electric pile, and a pipeline is not required to be arranged in the fuel cell system, on the other hand, the distribution manifold is indirectly fixed in the shell through the air inlet end plate of the electric pile, and the distribution manifold is not directly connected with the shell, so that the system assembly process is simplified, and the assembly precision of the distribution manifold and the air inlet end plate is improved.
The distribution manifold 100 is disposed with the two stacks 200 in a first direction, i.e., in the stacking direction of the bipolar plates in the stacks 200, and the fuel cell system 1000 is a left side stack 200, a distribution manifold 100, and a right side stack 200 in this order. The distribution manifold 100 has more than 2 butt pipes 42 that set up along the interval of second direction, and the butt pipes are used for butt joint outside hydrogen supply subsystem, oxygen supply subsystem, cooling liquid subsystem, through setting up the axial of butt pipe, first direction and second direction as each other to be the angle setting for the fuel cell system that this application provided can have bigger cloth pipe space after installing on the vehicle, is convenient for the pipeline design of hydrogen supply subsystem, oxygen supply subsystem, cooling liquid subsystem.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the two stacks 200 are distributed in a mirror symmetry, the distribution manifold 100 is disposed between the two stacks 200, and the distribution manifold 100 is communicated with the air inlet end plates 210 of the two stacks 200. The air inlet end plates 210 of the two stacks 200 are respectively provided with 6 fluid ports 211,6, and the fluid ports 211 are distributed on two sides of the air inlet end plates 210 and are distributed in a central symmetry manner. The 3 fluid ports 211 on one side thereof are in the order from top to bottom: the air inlet, the coolant outlet, the hydrogen outlet, the 3 fluid through openings 211 on the other side are from top to bottom: a hydrogen inlet, a cooling liquid inlet and an air exhaust. By arranging the air inlet and the hydrogen inlet at the two ends of the air inlet end plate 210, air and hydrogen form convection, and the self-humidifying performance of the electric pile 200 is improved. In addition, by arranging the air inlet at the upper part and the air outlet at the lower part, the hydrogen inlet at the upper part and the hydrogen outlet at the lower part, and the air distribution mode of up-in and down-out is adopted, so that the reaction efficiency is convenient to improve.
That is, in the present embodiment, the first direction is the stacking direction of the bipolar plates in the stack 200; the second direction is the length direction of the bipolar plate (parallel to the long sides of the bipolar plate) and is also the long side direction of the intake end plate 210, end plate 220 and distribution manifold 100; the axial direction of the nipple 42, referred to as the third direction, is the width direction of the bipolar plate (parallel to the short sides of the bipolar plate) and is also the short side direction of the inlet end plate 210, end plate 220 and distribution manifold 100. When the fuel cell system 1000 of the present embodiment is mounted on a vehicle, the first direction or the second direction may be set parallel to the length direction of the vehicle, the third direction is the height direction, and the fluid pipes are distributed from the height direction, so that the operation is convenient, the space in the length-width direction of the vehicle is not occupied, and the integration level is higher.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, 6 assembling portions 330 are disposed on the housing 300, and 6 docking pipes 42,6 are disposed on the distribution manifold 100, and the docking pipes 42 extend out of the housing 300 through the assembling portions 330 for communicating with the hydrogen supply subsystem, the oxygen supply subsystem, and the cooling liquid subsystem outside the housing 300. The gap between the butt joint pipe 42 and the fitting portion 330 is sealed by the second seal rings, and in order to ensure the sealing effect, more than 2 second seal rings may be disposed at intervals along the axial direction of the butt joint pipe 42.
The distribution manifold 100 has a structure as shown in fig. 6 to 10, and includes two module units of an intake adapter module 10 and an exhaust adapter module 20, wherein the two module units are respectively abutted against two ends of an intake end plate 210 of the electric pile 200, namely, the intake adapter module 10 is abutted against three fluid through openings 211 of the intake end plate 210 of the electric pile 200, and the exhaust adapter module 20 is abutted against the other three fluid through openings 211 of the intake end plate 210 of the electric pile 200. The six distribution channels 30 of the intake adapter module 10 and the exhaust adapter module 20 are used for air in-out stack 200, coolant in-out stack 200, and hydrogen in-out stack 200, respectively. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the three distribution channels 30 of the air intake adapter module 10 are an air intake and distribution channel 30a, an exhaust and distribution cooling liquid channel 30b, and a hydrogen exhaust and distribution channel 30c, and the three distribution channels 30 corresponding to the exhaust adapter module 20 are a hydrogen intake and distribution channel 30d, an intake and distribution cooling liquid channel 30e, and an air exhaust and distribution channel 30f, respectively.
The three sensor modules 80 are installed on the air inlet adaptation module 10 and the exhaust adaptation module 20, and probes of the three sensor modules 80 extend into the three distribution channels respectively, so that the air inlet and outlet electric pile 200, the cooling liquid inlet and outlet electric pile 200 and the relevant fluid data of the hydrogen inlet and outlet electric pile 200 can be collected through the six sensor modules 80, and the space occupied by the distribution manifold is reasonably utilized by arranging the sensors in the distribution manifold, so that the volume of the fuel cell is reduced. The sensor module 80 includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a flow sensor, and may be a single sensor or two or three sensors may be integrated. The independent sensor and the all-in-one integrated sensor are all of the prior art, and the specific structure is not described here.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the three sensor modules 80 are an air detection sensor 81 for detecting air, a coolant detection sensor 82 for detecting coolant, and a hydrogen detection sensor 83 for detecting hydrogen, respectively. In order to further reduce the volume of the distribution manifold, in the present embodiment, the air detection sensor 81 is installed at the position of the intake adaptation module 10/exhaust adaptation module 20 close to the air inlet port, and the probe of the air detection sensor 81 extends into the sub-runner; the cooling liquid detection sensor 82 is arranged in the middle of the air inlet adaptation module 10/the exhaust adaptation module 20, and a probe of the cooling liquid detection sensor 82 extends into the main runner; the hydrogen detection sensor 83 is mounted on the intake adapter module 10/exhaust adapter module 20 near the hydrogen inlet manifold outlet, and the probe of the hydrogen detection sensor 83 extends into the docking flow channel.
Referring to fig. 17, the six distribution channels 30 each include a butt-joint flow channel 31, a main flow channel 32 and more than two branch flow channels 33, wherein the butt-joint flow channel 31 is used for being communicated with a gas distribution system and a cooling liquid circulation system of the fuel cell system, the main flow channel 32 is communicated with the butt-joint flow channel 31 and the branch flow channels 33, the branch flow channels 33 are used for being in butt joint with the gas inlet end plates 210 of the stacks 200 of the fuel cells, the outlets of the branch flow channels 33 are stack 200 butt-joint ports 34, and the stack 200 butt-joint ports 34 are in one-to-one correspondence with the fluid ports 211 of the gas inlet end plates 210 of the respective stacks 200 of the fuel cells. The intake adapter module 10 and the exhaust adapter module 20 each have a first mating surface 101 and a second mating surface 102 disposed opposite each other, and the respective stack 200 mating surfaces 34 of the distribution channel 30 are distributed on the first mating surface 101 and the second mating surface 102. Due to the different positions of the distribution channels 30, the directions of the distribution channels 33 are different, and the distribution channels 33 cannot interfere with each other, so that the effective lengths of the distribution channels 33 are allowed to be consistent, the problem of uniformity of fluid distribution in the integration process of the electric pile 200 is solved, and the integration consistency of the electric pile 200 is improved.
The overall shape and size of the intake adapter module 10 and the exhaust adapter module 20 may be identical, reducing the mold costs for producing the intake adapter module 10 and the exhaust adapter module 20. In this embodiment, the intake adaptation module 10 and the exhaust adaptation module 20 are both fan-shaped, the butt joint flow channel 31 and the sub flow channel 33 are straight flow channels, the main flow channel 32 is a curved flow channel, for example, a circular arc flow channel, which is gradually curved from top to bottom from the horizontal, and the main flow channels 32 of the three distribution channels 30 located in the same intake adaptation module 10/exhaust adaptation module 20 are sequentially distributed along the radial direction. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the three main flow channels 32 of the air intake and distribution main flow channel of the air intake and distribution adapting module 10 are respectively an air intake and distribution main flow channel, an air distribution and distribution cooling liquid main flow channel, and a hydrogen air distribution and distribution main flow channel, and the three main flow channels 32 corresponding to the air exhaust and distribution adapting module 20 are respectively a hydrogen air intake and distribution main flow channel, an air intake and distribution cooling liquid main flow channel, and an air distribution and distribution main flow channel. The cross-sectional area of the main flow passage 32 is maintained constant or in an increasing trend along the flow direction from the split flow passage 33 to the abutting flow passage 31, facilitating the entry and discharge of air, cooling liquid and hydrogen.
In this embodiment, the main body portions of the air intake adaptation module 10 and the air exhaust adaptation module 20 are all fan-shaped, and the air intake adaptation module 10 and the air exhaust adaptation module 20 are symmetrical structures, that is, the air adaptation module and the air exhaust adaptation module 20 can be divided into two parts by a plane, and into two mirror symmetry structures, that is, the air intake adaptation module 10 and the air exhaust adaptation module 20 are both provided with a central symmetry plane 103, and the first butt joint plane 101 and the second butt joint plane 102 are distributed on two sides of the central symmetry plane 103. Since the air intake adaptation module 10 and the exhaust adaptation module 20 are provided with 3 branched distribution channels 30, in order to simplify the production process of the air intake adaptation module 10 and the exhaust adaptation module 20, in this embodiment, the air intake adaptation module 10 and the exhaust adaptation module 20 each include two half-shells 40 distributed in mirror symmetry, the two half-shells 40 are provided with through holes and cavities with outward openings, the openings of the two cavities are opposite to each other, so as to form three distribution channels 30, and the through holes form the butt joint 34 of the electric pile 200.
The four half-cases 40 forming the intake adapter module 10 and the exhaust adapter module 20 may be independent case structures or may be connected to each other in pairs. For example, in the present embodiment, the four half-shells 40 are independent from each other, so that the assembled air intake adapter module 10 and the assembled air exhaust adapter module 20 are not physically connected, and therefore, the intervals between the air intake adapter module 10 and the air exhaust adapter module 20 can be adjusted according to the size of the air intake end plate 210 of the electric pile 200, so that more types of electric piles 200 can be adapted, and compared with the integral distribution manifold 100, the volume of a single module unit is smaller, and when the distribution manifold 100 is produced in a large scale, the cost of one-time investment is low due to the smaller size of the air intake adapter module 10 and the air exhaust adapter module 20. In other embodiments, the half-shells 40 on the same side of the intake and exhaust adapter modules 10 and 20 may be configured as an integral structure, i.e. the two half-shells 40 with the first butt-joint surface 101 are fixedly connected together, the two half-shells 40 with the second butt-joint surface 102 are fixedly connected together, simplifying the production process and saving two production dies. A plurality of screw holes for mounting screws are provided on the outer circumference of the distribution manifold 100, and the distribution manifold 100 is fixedly coupled to the intake end plate 210 by the screws.
In the selection of the material of the distribution manifold 100, ions are precipitated from the metal material, which causes catalyst contamination, and the metal material is a conductor, which is a risk of electrical leakage. The material of the distribution manifold 100 should be selected to be non-metallic. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the materials of the air intake adapter module 10 and the air exhaust adapter module 20 are at least one of PPA (polyphthalamide), GF (glass fiber for short), PA (polyamide for short), and PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), and the materials of the air intake adapter module 10 and the air exhaust adapter module 20 may be the same or different. For example, ppa+gf30 (with a GF addition of 30% by weight of the total material), ppa+gf40 (with a GF addition of 40% by weight of the total material), pa6+gf15, PPS, and the like may be used as the material of the distribution manifold 100. The above materials may be integrally molded to prepare the half shell 40 by an injection molding process.
The number of the split channels 33 in the distribution channels 30 depends on the number of the stacks 200 in the adapted fuel cell, and referring to fig. 6 to 12, in this embodiment, two split channels 33 are disposed in each distribution channel 30, and the two split channels 33 are symmetrically distributed, that is, the central symmetry plane 103 of the intake adaptation module 10 and the exhaust adaptation module 20 is also the symmetry plane of the distribution channel 30. By arranging the air inlet adapting module 10 and the air outlet adapting module 20 in symmetrical structures, and arranging the distribution channels 30 in the symmetrical structures, and arranging the symmetrical planes of the distribution channels 30, the air inlet adapting module 10 and the air outlet adapting module 20 in the same plane, on one hand, the completely symmetrical structures can ensure that the effective lengths of the fluid channels entering the two electric stacks 200 in the same distribution channel 30 are completely the same, thus solving the problem of uniformity of fluid distribution in the integration process of the electric stacks 200, and further improving the integration consistency of the electric stacks 200. On the other hand, the two stacks 200 to which the distribution manifold 100 is connected may be arranged in a symmetrical manner, facilitating the design of the high-voltage and low-voltage lines of the two stacks 200 and the design of the fuel cell housing.
In order to reduce the pressure loss, in the present embodiment, in the same distribution channel 30, the cross-sectional area of the butting channel 31 is equal to the sum of the areas of the galvanic pile 200 and the interface 34 of each sub-channel 33, so as to ensure that the areas of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet in the distribution manifold 100 are consistent.
In order to further reduce the pressure loss, referring to fig. 11 to 17, in the present embodiment, a split structure is disposed at the transition between the main flow channel 32 and the two split flow channels 33, the split structure is a split protrusion 50 protruding toward the main flow channel 32, and since the distribution channel 30, the intake adaptation module 10 and the exhaust adaptation module 20 are all symmetrical structures, the corresponding split protrusion 50 is also symmetrical structure, and the symmetry plane of the split protrusion 50 is also the central symmetry plane 103. By arranging the diversion protrusion 50, when the fluid in the main flow channel 32 passes through the transition part of the main flow channel 32 and the two diversion channels 33, the diversion protrusion 50 can guide the fluid, so that the fluid in the main flow channel 32 can be conveniently divided into two diversion beams with identical flow and flow velocity, and smoothly enter the two diversion channels 33 under the guidance of the diversion protrusion 50.
Fig. 12 and 15 show cross-sectional views of the transition between the main flow channel 32 and the two diversion channels 33 in the distribution channel 30, and it can be seen that the cross-section of the transition between the main flow channel 32 and the two diversion channels 33 is "Y" shaped, and the pressure loss 18KPa can be reduced by analyzing the "Y" shaped fluid chamber provided with the diversion protrusions 50 compared with the "T" shaped fluid chamber not provided with the diversion protrusions 50.
To facilitate the installation of the sensor module 80, in this embodiment, the probe of the coolant detection sensor 82 is installed in the split-flow protrusion. Specifically, the two half-shells are each provided with an installation groove, and the probe of the coolant detection sensor 82 is installed in the installation groove and contacts with the coolant, so that at least one of the temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the coolant can be detected. And set up the sealing washer in the mounting groove, avoid the coolant liquid to reveal from the mounting groove.
Since six fluid ports 211 in the air inlet end plate 210 of the current electric pile 200 are generally distributed in a central symmetry manner, referring to fig. 6, in this embodiment, three electric pile 200 pair interfaces 34 located on the first docking surface 101 and three electric pile 200 pair interfaces 34 located on the second docking surface 102 in the air inlet adapter module 10 are all sequentially arranged along the second direction, and three electric pile 200 pair interfaces 34 located on the first docking surface 101 and three electric pile 200 pair interfaces 34 located on the second docking surface 102 in the air outlet adapter module 20 are also sequentially arranged along the second direction. That is, the six stack 200 interfaces 34 of the intake adapter module 10 and the six stack 200 interfaces 34 of the exhaust adapter module 20 are distributed at two ends, and can be matched with the structure of the current stack 200 intake end plate 210.
And the six galvanic pile 200 butt joints 34 positioned on the first butt joint surface 101 are distributed in a central symmetry manner, and the six galvanic pile 200 butt joints 34 positioned on the first butt joint surface 101 are positioned in the following parts: the three stack 200 pair interfaces 34 corresponding to the air intake adapter module 10 are an air intake and distribution pair interface 34a, an exhaust and distribution cooling liquid pair interface 34b and a hydrogen exhaust and distribution pair interface 34c respectively, and the three stack 200 pair interfaces 34 corresponding to the exhaust adapter module 20 are a hydrogen intake and distribution pair interface 34d, an intake and distribution cooling liquid pair interface 34e and an air exhaust and distribution pair interface 34f respectively. The six stacks 200 located on the second mating surface 102 are also arranged as described above with respect to the interface 34.
Referring to fig. 10, the respective docking flow passages 31 of the intake adaptation module 10 and the exhaust adaptation module 20 are sequentially arranged along the first direction, for example, from left to right, and the three docking flow passages 31 of the intake adaptation module 10 are a hydrogen gas exhaust docking flow passage 31c, an exhaust cooling liquid docking flow passage 31b, and an air intake docking flow passage 31a, respectively; the three docking flow passages 31 of the exhaust gas adapting module 20 are a hydrogen gas inlet and outlet docking flow passage 31d, a cooling liquid inlet and outlet docking flow passage 31e and an air outlet and outlet docking flow passage 31f, respectively, from left to right. The first direction and the second direction are arranged at an angle, so that the butt joint flow channel 31 and the butt joint 34 of the electric pile 200 are located at different azimuth sides, and the arrangement of the electric pile 200 and an external hydrogen supply subsystem, an external oxygen supply subsystem and an external cooling liquid subsystem is facilitated. In this embodiment, the first direction is parallel to the long-side direction of the bipolar plates of the stack 200, and the second direction is parallel to the short-side direction of the bipolar plates of the stack 200.
Since the first and second mating surfaces 101, 102 of the intake and exhaust adapter modules 10, 20 are respectively fitted with the intake end plates 210 of the two stacks 200, the first and second mating surfaces 101, 102 are parallel and symmetrically distributed, and the first and second mating surfaces 101, 102 are both parallel to the central symmetry plane 103. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a first seal ring 60 and/or a first seal groove 70 are provided at the stack 200 interface 34 of the first interface 101 and the second interface 102. That is, the first seal ring 60 may be disposed only at the galvanic pile 200 butt joint 34 of the first butt joint surface 101 and the second butt joint surface 102, and the first seal ring 60 may be adhered at the galvanic pile 200 butt joint 34; in some embodiments, the first seal groove 70 may be provided only at the stack 200 interface 34 of the first interface 101 and the second interface 102, and the first seal ring 60 may be installed in the first seal groove 70 in the subsequent fuel cell assembly process; in other embodiments, the first seal groove 70 may be disposed at the interface 34 of the stack 200 of the first interface 101 and the second interface 102, and the first seal ring 60 may be installed in the first seal groove 70.
In order to facilitate docking of the external hydrogen supply subsystem, oxygen supply subsystem, and cooling liquid supply subsystem, in this embodiment, the air intake adapter module 10 and the air exhaust adapter module 20 are each provided with one or more docking pipes 42, and the lumens of the docking pipes 42 form the docking flow channel 31. Specifically, in this embodiment, three docking pipes 42 are disposed on the adapting module and the exhaust adapting module 20, and the lumens of the three docking pipes 42 form three docking channels 31. In other embodiments, only one or two butt joint pipes may be provided on the intake adapter module 10 and the exhaust adapter module 20, and the pipe cavities of the butt joint pipes are formed into two or three butt joint flow passages 31 by providing a partition plate in the butt joint pipes. More than one second sealing ring and/or second sealing groove are arranged on the outer pipe wall of the butt joint pipe 42 for realizing the assembly and sealing of the butt joint pipe 42 and the shell of the fuel cell.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, in the present embodiment, 6 stack 200 pair interfaces 34 of the first docking surface 101 of the distribution manifold 100 respectively dock 6 fluid ports 211 on the air intake end plate 210 of the left side stack 200, 6 stack 200 pair interfaces 34 of the second docking surface 102 of the distribution manifold 100 respectively dock 6 fluid ports 211 on the air intake end plate 210 of the left side stack 200, and the docking sites are all sealed by the first seal ring 60. In order to fix the distribution manifold 100, a plurality of screw holes are provided on the outer circumference of the distribution manifold 100, and the distribution manifold 100 is fixedly coupled to the intake end plate 210 by screws. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the left pile 200 is fixedly connected to the right half shells 40 through screws, and the right pile 200 is fixedly connected to the left half shells 40 through screws, so as to further improve the sealing effect of the first sealing ring 60.
In order to fix the distribution manifold 100 and the stacks 200 conveniently, referring to fig. 3 to 5, in the present embodiment, at least 4 support seats 320 are provided in the housing 300, the air inlet end plate 210 and the blind end plate 220 of two stacks 200 are all provided on the support seats 320, and the air inlet end plate 210 and/or the blind end plate 220 are fixedly connected with the support seats 320. Specifically, 4 groups of support seats 320,4 and 320 are disposed in the housing 300 to support the air inlet end plate 210 and the blind end plate 220 of the two stacks 200, and the air inlet end plate 210 is fixedly connected with the two corresponding groups of support seats 320 through screws 340.
In order to improve the assembly precision, in this embodiment, at least 2 groups of positioning structures are disposed on the distribution manifold 100 and the air inlet end plate 210, and the distribution manifold and the air inlet end plate are positioned by the positioning structures, so that the positioning precision of connection and fixation is guaranteed, and the position precision of the distribution manifold mounted to the air inlet end plate of the stacks on two sides can be better guaranteed, so that 2 stacks can be simultaneously distributed by one distribution manifold, and the positions and the adaptations of the distribution manifold and the two stacks are guaranteed. The distribution manifold is used for integrating 2 electric stacks, so that high-power electric stack power output of power boost through two smaller electric stacks can be realized, and the power boost is particularly aimed at mirror symmetry middle-low power electric stacks.
Through the above-described embodiments, the fuel cell system of the present application has the following advantages:
1. in the process of designing the high-power fuel cell pile, the power of two piles with smaller power can be improved, and especially the power of the middle-power pile and the low-power pile which are symmetrical aiming at the mirror plane can be improved.
2. In the fuel cell system, the fluid inlet and outlet of the distribution manifold are arranged on the long side of the bipolar plate, so that the pipe distribution space is large, the pipe distribution of the pipeline is convenient when the system is matched and integrated, and the difficulty of system integration is reduced;
3. the fuel cell system can solve the problem of uniformity of fluid distribution in the pile integration process based on the structural design of the distribution manifold, thereby improving the consistency of pile integration.
4. The fuel cell system can solve the problems of difficult installation and easy air leakage of the interface of the external connecting channel in the pile integration process, solve the problems of difficult installation and easy air leakage of the connecting surface of the central adapting manifold and the piles at two ends, reduce the difficulty of system integration and reduce the investment of the disposable mould.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to cover such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system characterized in that: comprises a shell, a distribution manifold and two electric stacks; the shell is internally provided with an installation cavity, and the two electric stacks are symmetrically distributed in the installation cavity; the distribution manifold is arranged between the two electric stacks, the distribution manifold is connected with the air inlet end plates of the two electric stacks, 6 fluid through holes are formed in the two air inlet end plates, the 6 fluid through holes are distributed on two sides of the air inlet end plates in the long-side direction of the bipolar plate, and 3 fluid through holes on the same side are sequentially arranged along the short-side direction of the bipolar plate; the distribution manifold and the two electric stacks are arranged along the stacking direction of the bipolar plates in the electric stacks, the distribution manifold is provided with more than 2 butt joint pipes which are arranged at intervals along the long side direction of the bipolar plates, and the axial direction of the butt joint pipes is parallel to the short side direction of the bipolar plates.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein: the distribution manifold comprises an intake adaptation module and an exhaust adaptation module; three distribution channels are arranged in each of the air inlet adaptation module and the air outlet adaptation module;
the distribution channel comprises a butt-joint flow channel, a main flow channel and two symmetrically distributed flow distribution channels, the pipe cavities of the butt-joint pipes form the butt-joint flow channel, and a pile butt-joint port of the flow distribution channel is used for communicating a fluid through port of a pile of the fuel cell;
the air inlet adaptation module and the air outlet adaptation module are respectively provided with a first butt joint surface and a second butt joint surface which are oppositely arranged, and the electric pile butt joint interfaces of the distribution channels are distributed on the first butt joint surface and the second butt joint surface.
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein: the air inlet adaptation module and the air outlet adaptation module are both fan-shaped, the butt joint flow channel and the flow dividing channel are both straight flow channels, and the main flow channel is a bent flow channel;
the cross section area of the main runner is kept unchanged or is in an increasing trend from the diversion runner to the butt joint runner;
the cross-sectional area of the butt-joint flow channel is equal to the sum of the areas of the pile butt-joint ports of the sub-flow channels communicated with the butt-joint flow channel.
4. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein: the air inlet adaptation module and the air outlet adaptation module comprise two half shells which are symmetrically distributed, through holes and cavities with outward openings are formed in the two half shells, the openings of the two cavities are opposite to each other to form three distribution channels, and the through holes form the galvanic pile butt joint interfaces.
5. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein: and the air inlet adaptation module and the air outlet adaptation module are respectively provided with three sensor modules, and probes of the three sensor modules respectively extend into the three distribution channels.
6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein: a diversion structure is arranged at the transition part of the main runner and the two diversion runners; the diversion structure is a diversion protrusion protruding towards the main flow channel; the probe of at least one of the sensor modules is mounted in the shunt protrusion.
7. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein: the first butt joint surface and the second butt joint surface are parallel and symmetrically distributed; a first sealing ring and/or a first sealing groove are arranged at the galvanic pile butt joint positions of the first butt joint surface and the second butt joint surface; and more than one second sealing ring and/or second sealing grooves are arranged on the outer pipe wall of the butt joint pipe.
8. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the two stacks are distributed in a mirror symmetry manner; the air inlet end plates of the two electric stacks are respectively provided with 6 fluid through holes, and the 6 fluid through holes are distributed on two sides of the air inlet end plates and are distributed in a central symmetry manner; the 3 fluid ports on one side of the valve body are sequentially from top to bottom: the air inlet, the cooling liquid discharge port and the hydrogen discharge port are arranged on the other side, and the 3 fluid ports are sequentially from top to bottom: a hydrogen inlet, a cooling liquid inlet and an air exhaust;
the distribution manifold is provided with 12 electric pile pair interfaces, and the 12 electric pile pair interfaces are respectively communicated with the 6 fluid through holes of the two electric piles in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
9. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: at least 4 supporting seats are arranged in the shell, and the air inlet end plate and the blind end plate of the two galvanic piles are arranged on the supporting seats; and the air inlet end plate and/or the blind end plate are/is fixedly connected with the supporting seat.
10. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: at least 2 groups of positioning structures are arranged on the distribution manifold and the air inlet end plate; the distribution manifold is positioned with the air inlet end plate through the positioning structure and fixedly connected with the air inlet end plate through screws.
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| CN202111173476.1A CN114497622B (en) | 2021-10-08 | 2021-10-08 | Fuel cell system |
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| CN202111173476.1A CN114497622B (en) | 2021-10-08 | 2021-10-08 | Fuel cell system |
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