CN116053504A - A multi-channel distribution manifold structure and fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multichannel distribution manifold structure and a fuel cell stack, comprising an end plate, two air boxes, two hydrogen and cooling liquid boxes; the air box is provided with an air flow passage, the air flow passage comprises a converging section and a diverging section, the outer ports of the diverging sections are in butt joint with air holes on the end plate one by one, a distribution chamber is arranged between the inner ends of the converging section and the diverging sections, the distribution chamber is provided with a distribution stop block arranged between the inner ports of the diverging sections, the distribution stop block is in transmission connection with an adjusting driving piece, and the adjusting driving piece is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the distribution stop block so as to enable the diverging sections to realize distribution of different air flow; the hydrogen and cooling liquid box is provided with a hydrogen flow passage and a cooling liquid flow passage, the inner port of the hydrogen flow passage is in butt joint with the hydrogen hole on the end plate, and the inner port of the cooling liquid flow passage is in butt joint with the cooling liquid hole on the end plate. The space utilization rate is high, so that different air flow distribution can be realized by a plurality of diversion sections, the gas distribution of the electric pile is more uniform, and different working conditions of the electric pile are met.

Description

A multi-channel distribution manifold structure and fuel cell stack

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a multi-channel distribution manifold structure and a fuel cell stack.

Background technique

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells stand out among many energy sources due to their advantages such as low noise, high conversion efficiency, high power density, and fast start-up. The fuel cell stack is the core component of the fuel cell system. The manifold connects the fuel cell stack with the accessories of the system and is used for water and gas distribution of the fuel cell. A reasonable manifold structure design can ensure good water and gas distribution , to optimize the performance of the fuel cell stack.

At present, the water and gas distribution of the stack bipolar plate is a difficult problem in the design of the bipolar plate structure, especially the gas flow distribution of the cathode. On the traditional bipolar plate, the inlet and outlet of water and gas are distributed on the left and right sides of the bipolar plate. The area on the bipolar plate is not fully utilized, resulting in narrow inlets and outlets for water and gas, and the space utilization rate of the bipolar plate is reduced. The existing manifold structure has large flow channel resistance and large pressure loss, which cannot The distribution of cooling gas is actively adjusted according to the internal operation of the stack.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-channel distribution manifold structure and a fuel cell stack to solve one or more technical problems in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.

The technical solution adopted for solving the above-mentioned technical problems:

First, the present invention provides a multi-channel distribution manifold structure, which includes an end plate, two air boxes respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the outer end surface of the end plate, and two hydrogen and coolant boxes respectively located on the left and right sides of the outer end surface of the end plate;

The air box is provided with an air channel, and the air channel includes a converging section and a diverging section that communicate with each other. There are multiple diverging sections. One connection, a circular distribution chamber is provided between the inner end of the converging section and the inner ends of the plurality of diverging sections, the inner ports of the plurality of diverging sections are ringed around the peripheral wall of the distribution chamber, the The distributing chamber is provided with distributing stoppers arranged between the inner ports of the plurality of splitter sections, and the distributing stoppers are transmission-connected with an adjustment driving member, which is used to adjust the inclination angle of the distributing stoppers, so that a plurality of the split sections can realize the distribution of different air flows;

The hydrogen and coolant box is provided with a hydrogen flow channel and a coolant flow channel. The inner port of the hydrogen flow channel is connected to the hydrogen hole on the end plate, and the inner port of the coolant flow channel is connected to the coolant channel on the end plate. hole butt.

The beneficial effect of the multi-channel distribution manifold structure is: compared with the traditional fuel cell manifold, the end plate is fully utilized, and two air boxes and two hydrogen and coolant boxes are arranged around the outer end surface of the end plate in sequence , the overall occupied space is small, and the space utilization rate is high. One of the two air boxes assists the entry of air, while the other assists the discharge of air. A distribution chamber is set in the air box, and a distribution block is set in the distribution chamber block, adjust the inclination angle of the distributing stopper by adjusting the driving part, thereby adjusting the flow cross-section between the multiple diverging sections and the converging section, so that the multiple splitting sections can achieve different air flow distributions, so that the stack The gas distribution is more uniform and the reaction is more sufficient to meet the different working conditions of the stack.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the outer port of the confluence section is arranged at the bottom of the air box and faces downward, and a connecting sleeve protrudes from the outer port of the confluence section. The connecting sleeve is used to fix the connecting rubber hose, and the outer port of the confluence section is set facing downwards, and is located at the bottom of the air box, so as to avoid water accumulation.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the confluence section extends up and down, the distribution stopper is disc-shaped, and the distribution stopper is provided with a distribution end surface protruding downward in an arc, and the top surface of the distribution stopper The center of the circle is fixed relative to the air box, and the outer port rings of multiple confluence sections are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the distribution end face.

The distribution block in this solution realizes the effect of diversion through the distribution end face of the air, and the distribution end face is a circular arc protrusion structure, which can reduce the pressure loss of air circulation, and the adjustment drive mainly adjusts the distribution block around itself The inclination of the swinging center of the circle, and the specific adjustment of the transmission structure between the driving member and the distribution block, those skilled in the art can select the corresponding structure according to the actual situation to realize, wherein the adjusting driving member can use multiple telescopic rods, multiple telescopic rods, and multiple telescopic rods. The rod is arranged at an annular interval between the distribution stopper and the top wall of the distribution chamber, and both ends of the telescopic rod are spherical hinge structures, so that the adjustment of the distribution stopper's inclination can be realized, and other schemes can be used structure.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the outer ports of the plurality of diverter sections are arranged at intervals from left to right, and the diverter sections are flow channels with a curved surface structure. The diverter section with the curved flow channel structure can further reduce the pressure loss of the air, and the outer ports of the plurality of diverter sections are arranged at intervals left and right, which can further utilize the space of the end plate.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, connecting sleeves protrude from the outer ports of the coolant flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel. Both the coolant flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel are connected to the rubber hose through the connecting sleeve, which is convenient for assembly.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the insides of the coolant flow channel and the hydrogen flow channel are both curved surface structures. It can effectively reduce the pressure loss of hydrogen and coolant.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the hydrogen flow channel and the cooling liquid flow channel are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, and the two hydrogen and cooling liquid boxes are arranged symmetrically about the center of the end plate. In this way, the space of the end plate is further utilized. At the same time, the center of the two hydrogen and coolant boxes is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the end plate, so that the hydrogen flow channel on one of the hydrogen and coolant boxes will be located at the bottom, and water accumulation will also be avoided.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, sealing rings are provided between the end plate and the air box, the hydrogen box and the coolant box.

In this solution, the end plate is detachably connected to the air box, hydrogen and coolant box, and is fixed by multiple bolts. The sealing ring gasket can improve the sealing between them, and the box body and the end plate A sealing groove is also provided, and the sealing groove is used for installing the sealing ring gasket.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a platform surface is reserved on the side walls of the air box, hydrogen and coolant box, and the platform surface is used to install temperature sensors, pressure sensors, conductivity sensors and other components used for monitoring data. It occupies a small space and has a high space utilization rate, further improving the volumetric power density of the cell stack.

The upper air box is the air intake box, and the lower air box is the air outlet box. In this way, when the air is released, the water can be taken out together to avoid the formation of stagnant water.

In addition, the present invention also provides a fuel cell stack, which includes the above-mentioned multi-channel distribution manifold structure, and also includes a stack body formed by stacking a plurality of plates, the inner end surface of the end plate and the stack body end connections.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: compared with the traditional fuel cell manifold and electric stack, the present invention transfers the distribution of the cathode gas from the bipolar plate to the manifold, increases the space utilization of the bipolar plate, and proposes a The flow-adjustable multi-channel distribution manifold structure makes the gas distribution of the stack more uniform and the reaction more adequate, and the invention can integrate the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor with the box body, so the overall space occupation is small and the space utilization rate is high. To further improve the volumetric power density of the stack, each flow channel in the box can be optimized through CFD, the pressure loss of the flow channel has been reduced to the optimum, and the proportion of the flow resistance of the manifold to the overall flow resistance of the stack is reduced.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described;

Fig. 1 is the multi-channel distribution manifold structure provided by the present invention, an exploded view of an embodiment thereof;

Fig. 2 is the multi-channel distribution manifold structure provided by the present invention, a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment thereof;

Fig. 3 is the bottom view of an embodiment of the air box provided by the present invention;

Fig. 4 is A-A sectional view among Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is B-B sectional view among Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the air box provided by the present invention, an embodiment of which is cut away;

Fig. 7 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of the coolant box provided by the present invention.

Detailed ways

This part will describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail, and the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the accompanying drawings. Each technical feature and overall technical solution of the invention, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, if there is a word description such as "several", the meaning is one or more, and the meaning of multiple is more than two. Greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the original number, above and below , within, etc. are understood as including the original number.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as setting, installation, and connection should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

With reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 7, the multi-channel distribution manifold structure of the present invention makes following embodiment:

The multi-channel distribution manifold structure of this embodiment includes an end plate 300 , two air boxes 100 and two hydrogen and coolant boxes 200 .

The end plate 300 is a rectangular plate structure, and the end plate 300 is surrounded by air inlet holes 310, air outlet holes 320, hydrogen gas inlet holes 330, hydrogen gas outlet holes 340, liquid inlet holes 350 and liquid outlet holes. 360, a plurality of air inlet holes 310 are evenly arranged on the upper edge of the end plate 300, a plurality of air outlet holes 320 are evenly arranged on the lower edge of the end plate 300, hydrogen inlet holes 330 and liquid outlet holes 360 are arranged on the end The plates 300 are uniformly arranged on the right edge of the end plate 300 , and the hydrogen outlet holes 340 and liquid inlet holes 350 are evenly arranged on the left edge of the end plate 300 .

The two air boxes 100 are divided into a first box body 150 and a second box body 160, the first box body 150 and the second box body 160 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the outer end surface of the end plate 300, and the air box 100 is provided with an air flow channel , wherein the first box body 150 on the upper side is responsible for air intake, and the second box body 160 on the lower side is responsible for air outlet, so that when the air is out, the water can be taken out together to avoid the formation of water accumulation.

The air flow path of this embodiment includes a confluence section 110 and a plurality of diversion sections 120, the inner end of the confluence section 110 communicates with the inner ports of the plurality of diversion sections 120 through the distribution chamber 130, and the plurality of diversion sections on the first box body 150 The outer ports of 120 are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of air inlet holes 310 mentioned above, and the outer ports of the plurality of splitter sections 120 on the second box body 160 are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of air outlet holes 320 mentioned above.

The outer port of the confluence section 110 on the first box body 150 is an air inlet 151 , and the outer port of the confluence section 110 on the second box body 160 is an air outlet 161 .

And the air inlet 151 and the air outlet 161 of the present embodiment are all arranged at the bottom of the air box 100, and the air inlet 151 and the air outlet 161 are both arranged downwards, which can avoid water accumulation.

And both the air inlet 151 and the air outlet 161 are provided with a connecting sleeve 400, and the connecting sleeve 400 is used for fixing and connecting the rubber hose.

In addition, the converging section 110 is arranged vertically extending up and down, the distribution chamber 130 has an annular cavity structure, and the inner ports of a plurality of diversion sections 120 are arranged on the peripheral wall of the distribution chamber 130 at annular intervals. The top of the chamber 130 is provided with a distributing stopper 140, and the distributing stopper 140 is arranged within the range of the inner ports of a plurality of splitter sections 120, and the distributing stopper 140 is transmission-connected with an adjustment drive, wherein the adjustment drive is mainly used for adjusting The inclination angle of the distribution block 140 is controlled so that the multiple splitter sections 120 can realize different air flow distributions.

A distribution chamber 130 is provided in the air box 100, and a distribution stopper 140 is provided in the distribution chamber 130, and the inclination angle of the distribution stopper 140 is adjusted by adjusting the driving member, thereby adjusting a plurality of the splitter sections 120 The flow cross section between the confluence section 110 enables multiple flow distribution sections 120 to achieve different air flow distributions, so that the gas distribution of the stack is more uniform and the reaction is more sufficient to meet the different working conditions of the stack.

Further, the distributing block 140 of this embodiment adopts a disc-shaped structure, and the bottom of the distributing block 140 is provided with a distributing end surface 141 , which protrudes toward the downward arc, wherein the center of the circle of the top surface of the distributing block 140 Just being fixed relative to the air box 100 , the outer ports of the plurality of converging sections 110 are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the distribution end surface 141 .

The distribution block 140 of this embodiment realizes the effect of guiding the air through the distribution end surface 141, and the distribution end surface 141 is a circular arc protrusion structure, which can reduce the pressure loss of the air circulation, and the adjustment driver mainly adjusts the distribution block 140 swings around the center of its own circle, and specifically adjusts the transmission structure between the driving member and the distributing block 140. Those skilled in the art can select the corresponding structure according to the actual situation, wherein the adjustment of the driving member can use multiple telescopic rods A plurality of telescopic rods are annularly spaced between the distribution block 140 and the top wall of the distribution chamber 130, and both ends of the telescopic rods are spherical hinge structures, so that the adjustment of the inclination of the distribution block 140 can be realized. Other configurations may be employed in other arrangements.

Wherein the outer ports of the plurality of splitter sections 120 are arranged at intervals on the left and right, and the splitter sections 120 adopt a curved surface structure. The outer ports of each splitter section 120 are arranged at intervals left and right, so that the space of the end plate 300 can be further utilized.

The two hydrogen and coolant boxes 200 are divided into a third box body 230 and a fourth box body 240, and the third box body 230 and the fourth box body 240 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the outer end surface of the end plate 300. In this embodiment, The hydrogen and coolant box 200 is provided with a hydrogen flow channel 210 and a coolant flow channel 220, wherein the inner port of the hydrogen flow channel 210 on the third box body 230 is docked with the hydrogen gas outlet hole 340 on the end plate 300, and the cooling The inner port of the liquid channel 220 is docked with the liquid inlet hole 350 on the end plate 300;

Wherein the inner port of the hydrogen flow channel 210 on the fourth box body 240 is docked with the hydrogen gas inlet hole 330 on the end plate 300, and the inner port of the coolant flow channel 220 is connected with the liquid outlet hole 360 on the end plate 300 .

The outer port of the hydrogen flow channel 210 on the third box body 230 is a hydrogen outlet 211, and the outer port of the coolant flow channel 220 on the third box body 230 is a coolant inlet 221, and the coolant inlet 221 is located at the hydrogen outlet 211 Above, the outer port of the hydrogen flow channel 210 on the fourth box body 240 is the hydrogen inlet 212, and the outer port of the coolant flow channel 220 on the fourth box body 240 is the coolant outlet 222, and the coolant outlet 222 is set at the hydrogen inlet 212. Below entrance 212.

Compared with the traditional fuel cell manifold, the end plate 300 is fully utilized, and two air boxes 100 and two hydrogen and coolant boxes 200 are sequentially arranged around the outer end surface of the end plate 300. The overall space occupation is small and the space is utilized High rate.

And in the up and down direction, the hydrogen flow channel 210 and the coolant flow channel 220 are arranged at intervals, and the third box body 230 and the fourth box body 240 are symmetrical about the center of the end plate 300, so that further utilization of the end plate In the space of the plate 300, two hydrogen and coolant boxes 200 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the end plate 300, so that the hydrogen flow channel 210 on one of the hydrogen and coolant boxes 200 will be located at the bottom, and water accumulation will also be avoided.

The end plate 300 of this embodiment is detachably connected to the air box 100, hydrogen and coolant box 200, and is fixed by a plurality of bolts, and the flat side of the box body is connected to the end plate 300, and the end plate 300 At the same time, a sealing ring pad is provided between the box body, which can improve the sealing performance between them, and a sealing groove 370 is also provided between the box body and the end plate 300, and the sealing groove 370 is used to install the sealing ring pad.

The side wall surfaces of the first box body 150, the second box body 160, the third box body 230, and the fourth box body 240 are all provided with a platform surface 500, and the platform surface 500 is used for installing temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and conductance sensors used for monitoring data. Power sensors and other components, the overall space occupation is small, and the space utilization rate is high, which further improves the volumetric power density of the stack.

The first box body 150, the second box body 160, the third box body 230 and the fourth box body 240 are made of POM plastic.

The interior of the coolant flow channel 220 and the hydrogen flow channel 210 adopts a curved surface structure, which can effectively reduce the pressure loss between the hydrogen gas and the coolant.

The coolant inlet 221, the hydrogen outlet 211, the coolant outlet 222 and the hydrogen inlet 212 are also connected with a connecting sleeve 400, and the coolant flow channel 220 and the hydrogen flow channel 210 are connected to the hose through the connection sleeve 400, which is convenient for assembly.

In addition, this embodiment also provides a fuel cell stack, which includes the multi-channel distribution manifold structure and the stack body. The stack body includes a plurality of pole plates stacked together. The inner part of the end plate 300 The end faces are butted together with the ends of the stack body.

Compared with the traditional fuel cell manifold and stack, the invention transfers the distribution of cathode gas from the bipolar plate to the manifold, increases the space utilization of the bipolar plate, and proposes a multi-channel distribution with adjustable flow The manifold structure makes the gas distribution of the electric stack more uniform and the reaction is more sufficient, and the invention can integrate the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor with the box body, the overall space occupation is small, the space utilization rate is high, and the volume power of the electric stack is further improved Density, each flow channel in the box can be optimized through CFD, the pressure loss of the flow channel has been reduced to the optimum, and the proportion of the flow resistance of the manifold to the overall flow resistance of the stack is reduced.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent modifications or replacements without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or replacements are all within the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A multi-channel distribution manifold structure is characterized in that: it comprises an end plate (300), two air boxes (100) located at the upper and lower sides of the outer end surface of the end plate (300) respectively, and two air boxes (100) located at the upper and lower sides of the end plate (300) respectively. Two hydrogen and coolant boxes (200) on the left and right sides of the outer end surface; The air box (100) is provided with an air flow channel, and the air flow channel includes a confluence section (110) and a flow distribution section (120) connected to each other, and the flow distribution section (120) is provided with a plurality of The outer port of the diversion section (120) is connected to the air holes on the end plate (300) one by one, and a circular air hole is arranged between the inner end of the confluence section (110) and the inner ends of a plurality of the diverter sections (120). Distribution chamber (130), the inner ports of a plurality of said distribution sections (120) are ring-shaped on the peripheral wall of said distribution chamber (130), and said distribution chamber (130) is provided with a plurality of said distribution sections ( The distribution block (140) between the inner ports of 120), the distribution block (140) is transmission-connected with an adjustment drive, and the adjustment drive is used to adjust the inclination angle of the distribution block (140), so that A plurality of the split sections (120) realize the distribution of different air flows; The hydrogen and coolant box (200) is provided with a hydrogen flow channel (210) and a coolant flow channel (220), and the inner port of the hydrogen flow channel (210) is docked with the hydrogen hole on the end plate (300), and The inner port of the cooling liquid channel (220) is connected with the cooling liquid hole on the end plate (300). 2. A multi-channel distribution manifold structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer port of the confluence section (110) is arranged at the bottom of the air box (100) and faces downward, and the confluence section ( 110) The outer port is convexly provided with a connecting sleeve (400). 3. A multi-channel distribution manifold structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the confluence section (110) extends up and down, the distribution block (140) is disc-shaped, and the distribution block The block (140) is provided with a distribution end surface (141) that protrudes downward in a circular arc, and the center of the top surface of the distribution block (140) is fixed relative to the air box (100), and the outer port rings of multiple confluence sections (110) Set on the outer peripheral side of the distribution end face (141). 4. A multi-channel distribution manifold structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: the outer ports of a plurality of said splitter sections (120) are arranged at left and right intervals, and said splitter section (120) is a curved surface structure the runner. 5. A multi-channel distribution manifold structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer ports of the coolant flow channel (220) and the hydrogen flow channel (210) are protrudingly provided with connecting sleeves (400 ). 6 . The multi-channel distribution manifold structure according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the interior of the coolant flow channel ( 220 ) and the hydrogen flow channel ( 210 ) are both curved surface structures. 7 . 7. A multi-channel distribution manifold structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen flow channels (210) and the coolant flow channels (220) are arranged at intervals in the up-down direction, and the two hydrogen channels And the cooling liquid box (200) is center-symmetrically arranged with the center of the end plate (300). 8. A multi-channel distribution manifold structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: said end plate (300) is simultaneously provided with air box (100), hydrogen and coolant box (200) Gasket. 9. A multi-channel distribution manifold structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: a platform surface (500) is reserved on the side walls of the air box (100), hydrogen and coolant box (200) , the upper air box (100) is an air intake box, and the lower air box (100) is an air outlet box. 10. A fuel cell stack, characterized in that it includes the multi-channel distribution manifold structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and also includes a stack body formed by stacking a plurality of plates, so The inner end surface of the end plate (300) is connected to the end of the cell stack body.

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