CN114485735A - Self-adaptive sweep frequency excitation string type wireless sensor - Google Patents
Self-adaptive sweep frequency excitation string type wireless sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive sweep frequency excited string type wireless sensor which comprises a sensor, an excitation system, a vibration pickup system and a wireless Lora receiving and transmitting system, wherein the sensor is attached to the surface of a measured object or embedded in the measured object, a main body vibration string in the sensor is excited by the excitation system to vibrate, when the vibration string is in a free vibration stage, the vibration pickup system is used for acquiring free vibration frequency information of the vibration string, the acquired frequency information is converted into corresponding physical quantity change, and finally, data acquired by the vibration pickup system is transmitted to a target server through the wireless Lora receiving and transmitting system. The invention integrates the string type sensor, the excitation system, the vibration pickup system and the wireless Lora receiving and transmitting system, integrates the algorithms of frequency band division, staged frequency sweep, vibration pickup optimization and the like, expands the sensor compatibility of the vibrating wire acquisition instrument and is convenient for large-scale integrated application of the vibrating wire type sensor in the engineering safety monitoring system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil engineering structure operation safety intelligent monitoring, and relates to a self-adaptive sweep frequency excitation string type wireless sensor.
Background
The vibrating wire sensor can be used for monitoring physical quantities such as pressure, settlement, osmotic pressure, deformation and the like of a building body, is a sensor which is widely applied in engineering quality and health monitoring, and a corresponding acquisition device is a vibrating wire acquisition instrument. The vibrating wire acquisition instrument can amplify and convert millivolt-level analog signals of the vibrating wire sensor, and the converted frequency data is stored and analyzed in a digital form.
Most of the existing vibrating wire type acquisition instruments are designed by adopting a low-voltage frequency sweep excitation working principle, and compared with the traditional high-voltage string plucking excitation working principle, the low-voltage frequency sweep has the characteristics of simple circuit structure, safe operation voltage, large amplitude of output analog signals, long time, high frequency measurement precision and the like, and meanwhile, compared with the high-voltage string plucking, the aging of a sensor coil is accelerated, the low-voltage frequency sweep can effectively protect the coil, and the service life of a string type sensor is prolonged.
The existing vibrating wire acquisition instrument can often obtain a satisfactory result when the frequency is swept in a small range, but for the condition of a large sweep range, the acquisition instrument has overlarge acquisition error or cannot acquire a vibration signal at all due to overlong sweep excitation time. And the existing acquisition instrument and the string type sensor are designed in a separated mode, and need to be connected on site during acquisition, so that manual acquisition is inconvenient to use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-adaptive frequency sweep excited string type wireless sensor, which aims to solve the problems of overlong frequency sweep time, large acquisition error, inconvenience in use and the like of the conventional string type sensor. The self-adaptive frequency sweep excitation can divide a frequency sweep interval into a plurality of frequency sweep sections by setting a frequency sweep interval threshold, and simultaneously, the excitation process is divided into two stages of pre-frequency sweep excitation and complex frequency sweep excitation by changing the incremental step length of a frequency sweep pulse sequence, and the two stages of frequency sweep excitation realize the self-adaptive frequency sweep excitation under the condition that the working parameters of the sensor are unknown. In addition, the wireless sensor optimizes a vibration pickup system, improves the accuracy of frequency measurement data and shortens the measurement time. Meanwhile, the system also integrates the Lora wireless technology and realizes remote acquisition and transmission of data through the Lora wireless network.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a string formula wireless sensor of self-adaptation sweep frequency excitation, includes sensor, excitation system, picks up system and wireless Lora receiving and dispatching system that shakes, wherein:
the sensor is attached to the surface of a measured object or embedded in the measured object, the vibration exciting system is used for exciting a main vibrating wire in the sensor to vibrate, when the vibrating wire is in a free vibration stage, the vibration pickup system is used for acquiring free vibration frequency information of the vibrating wire, the acquired frequency information is converted into corresponding physical quantity change, and finally, data acquired by the vibration pickup system is sent to a target server through the wireless Lora receiving and sending system.
A method for carrying out self-adaptive frequency sweep excitation based on a feedback strategy by utilizing the string type wireless sensor comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: when the sensor is powered on for the first time, intelligently selecting full-band frequency sweeping or frequency-dividing band frequency sweeping according to the length of a set frequency sweeping interval; after the sweep frequency interval is determined, selecting a pre-sweep frequency step length, and performing pre-sweep frequency excitation in the sweep frequency interval; after the pre-sweep frequency is finished, carrying out fast repeated sweep frequency by using a small step length near a resonance point so as to obtain a more accurate measurement result, wherein:
the pre-sweep frequency step length is between 1Hz and 10Hz, the step length can be intelligently adjusted according to the actual measurement condition, the frequency can be swept from the 1Hz step length to the 10Hz step length respectively according to the 1Hz increment during the primary pre-sweep frequency excitation, and the maximum vibration amplitude of the vibrating wire of the main body is detected, so that the optimal pre-sweep frequency step length of the sensor is determined;
the step length of the complex frequency sweep is fixed to be 0.1 Hz;
step two: after the sweep frequency excitation in the first step is finished and the excitation is successfully carried out, the excitation system is controlled to be closed through the main control chip, the vibration pickup system is opened, the waveform information of the vibration is continuously obtained through the vibration pickup system, the free vibration stage in the vibration process is found according to the optimized vibration pickup algorithm, the vibration frequency is calculated, and the vibration frequency is stored in an onboard flash storage chip;
step three: the wireless networking of the sensor is realized through a wireless Lora technology, the data acquisition work is remotely carried out according to the instruction of the Lora gateway, and the acquired data are finally sent to the Lora gateway through a wireless Lora transceiver system;
step four: when re-measurement is needed, the sensor firstly reads frequency information in the flash memory chip, and supposing that the difference between the current frequency and the stored frequency is not large, small-step-length fast frequency sweep excitation is carried out within the range of 10Hz above and below the taken frequency value, the fast frequency sweep step length is controlled to be 0.1Hz, if effective excitation can be achieved, operations such as frequency band division, pre-frequency sweep, frequency re-sweep and the like are omitted, measurement results are obtained quickly, and if effective excitation cannot be achieved, the step one is repeated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the string type wireless sensor integrates the string type sensor, an excitation system, a vibration pickup system and a wireless Lora receiving and transmitting system into a whole, integrates algorithms such as frequency band division, staged frequency sweep, vibration pickup optimization and the like, can realize that the accurate data of the sensor is obtained by adopting a self-adaptive frequency sweep excitation algorithm and utilizing multi-band and two-stage frequency sweep excitation under the condition that the working parameters of the sensor are unknown, expands the compatibility of the sensor of a vibrating wire acquisition instrument and is convenient for large-scale integrated application of vibrating wire sensors in an engineering safety monitoring system. Meanwhile, the time for data acquisition is shortened by optimizing the vibration pickup system, and the accuracy of measurement is improved. Utilize Lora wireless technology, realized the integration of sensor with gathering the appearance, can effectively promote the quality and the work efficiency of string formula sensor data acquisition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adaptive swept-frequency-excited chordal wireless sensor;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the operation of an adaptive swept-frequency-excited chordal wireless sensor;
fig. 3 is a diagram of the practical use of an adaptive swept-frequency-excited chordal wireless sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a self-adaptive sweep frequency excited string type wireless sensor, which comprises a sensor, an excitation system, a vibration pickup system and a wireless Lora receiving and transmitting system, as shown in figure 1, wherein:
the sensors are string sensors, can be used for measuring physical quantities such as pressure, settlement, osmotic pressure, deformation and the like of a building body, and select different types of string sensors according to different measurement requirements;
the excitation system is used for triggering main vibrating wire vibration of the sensor through self-adaptive frequency sweep excitation;
the vibration pickup system is used for acquiring free vibration frequency information of a main body vibrating wire of the sensor and converting the acquired frequency information into corresponding physical quantity change;
the wireless Lora receiving and transmitting system is used for remotely controlling data acquisition and transmission;
the sensor is attached to the surface of a measured object or embedded in the measured object, the vibration exciting system is used for exciting a main vibrating wire in the sensor to vibrate, when the vibrating wire is in a free vibration stage, the vibration pickup system is used for acquiring free vibration frequency information of the vibrating wire, the acquired frequency information is converted into corresponding physical quantity change, and finally, data acquired by the vibration pickup system is sent to a target server through the wireless Lora receiving and sending system.
A method for adaptive frequency sweep excitation based on a feedback strategy by using the above string type wireless sensor, as shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: when the sensor is powered on for the first time, intelligently selecting full-band frequency sweeping or frequency-dividing band frequency sweeping according to the length of a set frequency sweeping interval; after the sweep frequency interval is determined, selecting a pre-sweep frequency step length which is between 1Hz and 10Hz, intelligently adjusting the step length according to the actual measurement condition, respectively sweeping the frequency from the 1Hz step length to the 10Hz step length according to 1Hz increment during the initial pre-sweep frequency excitation, and detecting the maximum vibration amplitude of the vibrating wire of the main body, thereby determining the optimal pre-sweep frequency step length of the sensor; after the pre-frequency sweeping is finished, the small step length is utilized to carry out fast frequency sweeping again near the resonance point, and the step length of the frequency sweeping again is fixed to be 0.1Hz so as to obtain a more accurate measurement result.
In this step, full-band frequency sweep and frequency-divided-band frequency sweep are divided, and the specific operation steps of the two-stage frequency sweep excitation are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: when the sweep frequency interval of the sensor is too long, if sweep frequency excitation with large step length is adopted, the resonant point is likely missed during sweep frequency because the step length is too long, and the vibrating wire cannot be excited reliably. If the small-step sweep excitation is adopted, the sweep time is too long due to too small step length, and the vibrating wire still cannot be excited reliably. In order to reduce the frequency sweeping time, the system automatically selects full-band frequency sweeping and frequency-dividing-band frequency sweeping according to a set frequency sweeping threshold: the length threshold value of the sweep frequency zone is set to 2000Hz, when the length of the sweep frequency zone is less than or equal to 2000Hz, pre-sweep frequency and repeated sweep frequency can be carried out in the whole zone section, when the length of the sweep frequency zone is greater than 2000Hz, the sweep frequency zone is divided into a plurality of 2000Hz zones, the zone section with the frequency lower than 2000Hz is independently formed, pre-sweep frequency is carried out according to the divided zone section, if a resonance point is found, repeated sweep frequency is carried out in the zone section, a frequency value is obtained, and the measurement operation is finished; if the resonance point is not found in the pre-sweep, the frequency is not repeatedly swept in the section, and the sweep of the next section is continued.
The first step is: the method comprises the steps of sweeping frequency in two stages in each interval, setting parameters such as the incremental step length of a pre-sweep frequency pulse sequence and the like in the first stage, carrying out vibration pickup and frequency measurement after the pre-sweep frequency excitation pulse sequence is sent, checking whether a vibrating wire is reliably excited according to frequency measurement data, and adjusting the step length of the pulse sequence if the vibrating wire is not reliably excited, wherein the step length can be adjusted from 1Hz to 10Hz, and the step length increment is 1 Hz. The second stage is a complex frequency sweep excitation stage, parameters such as a complex frequency sweep excitation range, a pulse sequence incremental step length and the like are set according to frequency measurement data of pre-frequency sweep excitation, vibration pickup and frequency measurement are carried out after a complex frequency sweep excitation pulse sequence is sent, and whether a vibrating wire is reliably excited is checked according to the frequency measurement data. If the two test results are reliable excitation, returning the vibration measuring frequency; otherwise, an error message is returned.
The pre-sweep excitation stage adopts a 1-10Hz sweep pulse sequence increasing step length, can be intelligently adjusted according to the oscillation starting condition, greatly shortens the sweep excitation time, and maximally prolongs the vibration pickup and frequency measurement working time; in the complex frequency sweep stage, a frequency sweep working range is set on the basis of the approximate resonant frequency of the vibrating wire measured in the pre-frequency sweep stage, the step length is increased by adopting a frequency sweep pulse of 0.1Hz, and the vibration is swept in a smaller frequency range, so that the amplitude of the induced electromotive force output by the vibrating wire of the sensor is ensured to be maximum, and the measurement precision is improved.
Step two: after the sweep frequency excitation in the first step is finished and the excitation is successfully carried out, the excitation system is controlled to be closed through the main control chip, the vibration pickup system is opened, the waveform information of the vibration is continuously obtained through the vibration pickup system, the free vibration stage in the vibration process is found according to the optimized vibration pickup algorithm, the vibration frequency is calculated, and the vibration frequency is stored in an onboard flash storage chip.
In the step, the vibration pickup algorithm and the vibration pickup system structure are optimized, and the specific operation of storing the measured data into an onboard flash memory chip is as follows:
step two, firstly: after the self-adaptive frequency sweep excitation finishes each stage of frequency sweep, the sensor closes the excitation system, opens the vibration pick-up system, the vibration pick-up system collects the weak electromotive force generated by cutting the magnetic induction line in the vibrating process of the vibrating string of the sensor, and the millivolt-level sinusoidal vibration wave is converted into the volt-level square wave through the amplifying circuit, the filter circuit and the shaping circuit. And continuously monitoring the vibration period of the square wave by using a pin of the main control chip, and judging whether the vibrating wire enters a free vibration stage according to the period change. When the difference values of adjacent periods of five continuously acquired periodic signals are all smaller than 1us, the vibrating wire can be considered to enter a free vibration stage, vibration data of ten periods are continuously acquired at the moment, the average value of the periods is calculated, and finally the vibration frequency is obtained.
Step two: and a flash memory chip is integrated in the vibration pickup system, and when the vibration pickup system acquires the effective vibration frequency, the frequency value is stored in the flash memory chip to provide reference for the next frequency sweep.
Step three: the wireless networking of the sensor is realized through the wireless Lora technology, the data acquisition work is remotely carried out according to the instruction of the Lora gateway, and finally the acquired data are transmitted to the Lora gateway through the wireless Lora receiving and transmitting system.
In this step, realize the wireless network deployment of sensor through wireless Lora technique, the specific operation of remote control collection is:
the string type wireless sensor is provided with a wireless Lora receiving and transmitting system, and is matched with a wireless Lora gateway to realize remote data acquisition. When the equipment starts, the wireless Lora transceiving system and the Lora gateway establish communication connection, and the behavior of the sensor is uniformly controlled by the Lora gateway. When the Lora gateway sends the acquisition instruction, the sensor executes acquisition operation according to the received instruction, and finally transmits the acquired frequency data to the Lora gateway through the wireless Lora transceiver system.
Step four: when re-measurement is needed, the sensor firstly reads frequency information in the flash memory chip, and if the difference between the current frequency and the memory frequency is not large, small-step-length fast frequency sweep excitation is carried out within the range of 10Hz above and below the taken frequency value, the frequency sweep step length is 0.1Hz, if effective excitation can be achieved, operations such as frequency band division, pre-frequency sweep, complex frequency sweep and the like are omitted, the measurement result is obtained quickly, and if effective excitation cannot be achieved, the step one is repeated.
In this step, the specific operation of rapidly sweeping the frequency through the onboard flash memory chip is as follows:
when the equipment needs to perform frequency sweep excitation again, the frequency value recorded in the onboard flash memory chip is read firstly, 0.1Hz small-step-length quick frequency sweep is performed in the range of 10Hz above and below the frequency value, the current frequency information is obtained, and the numerical value in the memory chip is updated. The operation can save the operations of frequency band division, presweep frequency sweep, repeated frequency sweep and the like, and can quickly acquire frequency information. When the excitation can not be effectively carried out, the two-stage frequency sweeping needs to be carried out again, and the numerical value in the storage chip is updated.
In the present invention, a graph of the actual use of the adaptive swept-frequency excited chordal wireless sensor is shown in fig. 3, and the measurement results are shown in table 1. Wherein A represents the measurement time, and the system collects data every ten minutes; b represents a sensor number; c represents a frequency value obtained by self-adaptive frequency sweep excitation and vibration pickup measurement, and the unit is Hertz; d represents the current ambient temperature in degrees celsius.
TABLE 1
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a string formula wireless sensor of self-adaptation sweep frequency excitation which characterized in that string formula wireless sensor includes sensor, excitation system, picks up system and wireless Lora receiving and dispatching system that shakes, wherein:
the sensor is attached to the surface of a measured object or embedded in the measured object, the vibration exciting system is used for exciting a main vibrating wire in the sensor to vibrate, when the vibrating wire is in a free vibration stage, the vibration pickup system is used for acquiring free vibration frequency information of the vibrating wire, the acquired frequency information is converted into corresponding physical quantity change, and finally, data acquired by the vibration pickup system is sent to a target server through the wireless Lora receiving and sending system.
2. A self-adaptive swept frequency excited chordal wireless sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor is a chordal sensor.
3. A method for feedback strategy based adaptive swept frequency excitation using the chordal wireless sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, the method comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: when the sensor is powered on for the first time, intelligently selecting full-band frequency sweeping or frequency-dividing band frequency sweeping according to the length of a set frequency sweeping interval; after the sweep frequency interval is determined, selecting a pre-sweep frequency step length, and performing pre-sweep frequency excitation in the sweep frequency interval; after the pre-sweep frequency is finished, carrying out fast repeated sweep frequency by using a small step length near a resonance point so as to obtain a more accurate measurement result, wherein:
step two: after the sweep frequency excitation in the first step is finished and the excitation is successfully carried out, the excitation system is controlled to be closed through the main control chip, the vibration pickup system is opened, the waveform information of the vibration is continuously obtained through the vibration pickup system, the free vibration stage in the vibration process is found according to the vibration pickup algorithm, the vibration frequency is calculated, and the vibration frequency is stored in an onboard flash storage chip;
step three: the wireless networking of the sensor is realized through a wireless Lora technology, the data acquisition work is remotely carried out according to the instruction of the Lora gateway, and the acquired data are finally sent to the Lora gateway through a wireless Lora transceiver system;
step four: when re-measurement is needed, the sensor firstly reads frequency information in the flash memory chip, and supposing that the difference between the current frequency and the stored frequency is not large, small-step-length fast frequency sweep excitation is carried out within the range of 10Hz above and below the taken frequency value, the fast frequency sweep step length is controlled to be 0.1Hz, if effective excitation can be achieved, operations such as frequency band division, pre-frequency sweep, frequency re-sweep and the like are omitted, measurement results are obtained quickly, and if effective excitation cannot be achieved, the step one is repeated.
4. A feedback strategy-based adaptive swept frequency excitation method according to claim 3, wherein in the first step, the pre-sweep step size is between 1Hz and 10Hz, frequency sweeps can be respectively performed from the 1Hz step size to the 10Hz step size according to 1Hz increments during initial pre-sweep excitation, and the maximum vibration amplitude of the body vibrating wire is detected, so that the optimal pre-sweep step size of the sensor is determined.
5. A method for adaptive swept frequency excitation based on a feedback strategy according to claim 3, wherein in the first step, the step size of the complex sweep frequency is fixed at 0.1 Hz.
6. A method for adaptive swept frequency excitation based on a feedback strategy according to claim 3, wherein the specific steps of the first step are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the system automatically selects full-band frequency sweeping and frequency-dividing band frequency sweeping according to a set frequency sweeping threshold: setting the length threshold of the sweep frequency zone to be 2000Hz, when the length of the sweep frequency zone is less than or equal to 2000Hz, pre-sweeping and re-sweeping in the whole zone, when the length of the sweep frequency zone is greater than 2000Hz, dividing the sweep frequency zone into a plurality of 2000Hz zones, independently forming the zone with the frequency less than 2000Hz into one zone, pre-sweeping according to the divided zones, if a resonance point is found, re-sweeping in the zone, obtaining a frequency value and finishing the measurement operation; if no resonance point is found in the pre-sweep frequency, not performing repeated sweep frequency in the section, and continuing to sweep frequency in the next section;
the first step is: each interval is swept in two stages, the first stage is a pre-sweep excitation stage, firstly, a pre-sweep pulse sequence incremental step length parameter is set, vibration pickup and frequency measurement are carried out after the pre-sweep excitation pulse sequence is sent, whether the vibration string is reliably excited is checked according to frequency measurement data, if the vibration string is not reliably excited, the pulse sequence step length is adjusted, the step length is adjusted from 1Hz to 10Hz, and the step length increment is 1 Hz; the second stage is a complex frequency sweep excitation stage, a complex frequency sweep excitation range and a pulse sequence incremental step length parameter are set according to frequency measurement data of pre-frequency sweep excitation, vibration pickup and frequency measurement are carried out after a complex frequency sweep excitation pulse sequence is sent, whether a vibrating wire is reliably excited is checked according to frequency measurement data, and if the two checking results are reliable excitation, the vibration measurement frequency is returned; otherwise, an error message is returned.
7. A method for adaptive swept frequency excitation based on a feedback strategy according to claim 3, wherein the specific steps of the second step are as follows:
step two, firstly: after the self-adaptive frequency sweep excitation finishes each phase of frequency sweep, the sensor closes the excitation system, opens the vibration pick-up system, the vibration pick-up system collects the weak electromotive force generated by cutting the magnetic induction line in the vibrating process of the vibrating string of the sensor, and the millivolt-level sinusoidal vibration wave is converted into the volt-level square wave through the amplifying circuit, the filter circuit and the shaping circuit; continuously monitoring the vibration period of the square wave by using a pin of a main control chip, and judging whether the vibrating wire enters a free vibration stage according to the period change; when the difference values of adjacent periods of five continuously collected periodic signals are all smaller than 1us, the vibrating wire can be considered to enter a free vibration stage, vibration data of ten periods are continuously collected at the moment, the average value of the periods is calculated, and finally the vibration frequency is obtained;
step two: and a flash memory chip is integrated in the vibration pickup system, and when the vibration pickup system acquires the effective vibration frequency, the frequency value is stored in the flash memory chip to provide reference for the next frequency sweep.
8. A method for adaptive swept frequency excitation based on a feedback strategy according to claim 3, wherein the specific steps of the third step are as follows:
the string type wireless sensor is provided with a wireless Lora receiving and transmitting system and is matched with a wireless Lora gateway to realize remote data acquisition; when the equipment is started, the wireless Lora transceiving system and the Lora gateway establish communication connection, and the behavior of the sensor is uniformly controlled by the Lora gateway; when the Lora gateway sends the acquisition instruction, the sensor executes acquisition operation according to the received instruction, and finally transmits the acquired frequency data to the Lora gateway through the wireless Lora transceiver system.
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| CN115031875B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-22 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Vibrating wire sensor self-adaptive frequency sweep excitation method and system based on frequency spectrum feedback |
| CN118191414A (en) * | 2024-05-15 | 2024-06-14 | 北京航空航天大学 | Numerical control machine tool frequency characteristic test method based on machine tool self-excitation |
| CN118191414B (en) * | 2024-05-15 | 2024-07-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Numerical control machine tool frequency characteristic test method based on machine tool self-excitation |
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