CN108051074A - A kind of frequency measurement method of vibrating string type sensor - Google Patents
A kind of frequency measurement method of vibrating string type sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of frequency measurement method of vibrating string type sensor, this method it is preceding measure twice when, according to sensor factory characteristic and installation site, use a wide range of sweep frequency technique and wide window intermediate value sweep frequency technique, rapidly find out substantially measurement frequency, and leave measurement result using memory, in follow-up measurement, use a kind of dynamic window Frequency Sweeping Method using historical data as intermediate value, frequency sweep intermediate value is determined by the last data recorded in memory, frequency sweep window ranges are drawn by the fluctuation situation weighted calculation of historical data, each frequency sweep window ranges are less and less, precision is higher and higher.When occurring in swept frequency range without resonance result, swept frequency range is expanded using upward backtracking method and original replacement method.It is low to the method overcome conventional high-tension energisation mode precision, the shortcomings that damaging the shortcomings that big and conventional low sweep method time-consuming, there is high-precision, during low consumption, the characteristics of damage low to sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering monitoring, and particularly relates to a frequency measuring method of a vibrating wire type sensor.
Background
The vibrating wire sensor has the advantages of simple structure, firmness, durability, strong anti-interference capability, reliable measured value, high precision and resolution, good stability and the like. In addition, the output of the sensor is a frequency signal, which is convenient for long-distance transmission and can be directly interfaced with a microcomputer, therefore, in the safety monitoring of project engineering, particularly in outdoor large civil engineering, bridge and geotechnical projects, the vibration wire type sensor is usually adopted to monitor physical quantities such as pressure, displacement, temperature, deformation quantity, leakage and the like of the project, so as to judge the operation condition of the project and predict some geological disasters or project leaks.
The vibrating wire sensor is a resonant sensor with a strained metal wire as a sensitive element. After the length of the string is determined, the variation of the natural vibration frequency can represent the magnitude of the tensile force borne by the metal string, and an electric signal in a certain relation with the tensile force can be obtained through a corresponding measuring circuit. The core of the vibrating string sensor consists of a steel string with two fixed and homogeneous ends, the steel string will produce delta L deformation under the action of outer force F, and the relation between the length of the steel string and the natural vibration frequency F and the tension T of the vibrating string is in the elastic rangeWherein Δ L = T-T 0 Alpha is the linear expansion coefficient, T 0 α, K are known constant constants. The natural frequency formula of the mechanical vibration of the steel string is known asWhere L is the length of the vibrating wire, E is the modulus of elasticity of the steel wire, ρ is the mass (density) per unit chord length, and λ is the Poisson coefficient of the steel wire material, all of which are constants. We can eliminate the common variable according to the above two formulasThe obtained frequency F of the steel string is a function of the tension F and the temperature T, so that the external tension F can be calculated by measuring the frequency of the steel string under the condition of knowing the temperature. From the above analysis, the measurement of the steel wire frequency f is the core of the measurement of the vibrating wire sensor.
The vibrating string sensor has mainly two structures, one single coil and one double coil, with the single coil being one structure with the exciting coil and the vibration pick-up coil and with one vibrating string end fixed and the other end connected to the elastic pressure sensing film. The middle of the string is provided with a soft iron which is placed in the magnetic field of the exciter consisting of the magnet and the coil. The exciter doubles as a vibration pickup when excitation is stopped. When the vibration detection device works, the vibrating wire vibrates under the excitation of the exciter, the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire is related to the pressure borne by the diaphragm, and when the excitation is stopped, the coil can be used as a vibration pickup coil to detect the electromotive force generated by the vibration of the vibrating wire. By measuring the frequency of the electromotive force, the frequency of the vibrating wire can be measured. The single coil structure has the disadvantage that continuous measurement cannot be carried out, but the device is simple and stable. The double-coil structure means that an exciting coil and a vibration pickup coil are separated, and generally adopts an electromagnetic method, wherein the electromagnetic method adopts two magnets with coils as the exciting coil and the vibration pickup coil respectively. The induction signal of the vibration pickup coil is amplified and then sent to the exciting coil to supplement the energy of vibration. In order to reduce the influence of the nonlinearity of the sensor on the measurement accuracy, a proper optimal working frequency band needs to be selected and prestress needs to be set, or a differential structure with a vibrating wire arranged on each of two sides of the pressure sensing film needs to be adopted. The double-coil structure can be used for continuous measurement, the measurement precision is better, but the structure is more complex, and the stability is not good.
The core of the single-coil or double-coil technology is that the vibrating wire vibrates under the action of voltage outside, and the vibrating wire generates intrinsic vibration mainly has two modes, namely high-voltage excitation and low-voltage frequency sweeping. The high-voltage excitation is to generate high-voltage excitation pulses through a transformer to enable the steel strings to vibrate, and the voltage is greater than 100V during excitation. The low-voltage frequency sweep is that a sweep frequency pulse train signal from small to large is applied to a sensor within a section of frequency containing target frequency according to a certain stepping value, when the frequency of the signal is close to the natural frequency of a steel string, the steel string resonates, and the maximum induced electromotive force can be generated at the moment, wherein the electromotive force frequency is the target frequency. The two measurement modes have advantages and disadvantages, the high-voltage excitation mode is high in speed, the result can be obtained by only one-time excitation, but the generated vibration has short duration, signals are not easy to obtain, the measurement precision is poor, and the high voltage is easy to age the steel string, so that the service life of the sensor is damaged; compared with the prior art, the traditional low-voltage frequency sweeping has stronger vibration signal and higher precision, but the frequency range of the traditional low-voltage frequency sweeping needs to be known in advance, and the result can be obtained only by multiple frequency sweeping, so that the measurement time is very long, and the efficiency is not high.
In engineering applications, the sensor needs to be exposed outdoors for a long time, the conditions are severe, and high requirements are placed on the stability, durability, service life, measurement accuracy and speed of the sensor. Both the high-voltage excitation and the traditional low-voltage frequency sweeping modes have great defects, and the requirements on reliability, precision and speed cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the frequency measurement mode of the existing vibrating wire sensor, the invention provides the frequency measurement method of the vibrating wire sensor, which greatly improves the measurement precision, the measurement efficiency and the measurement stability and simultaneously reduces the loss of the sensor.
A frequency measurement method of a vibrating wire sensor comprises the following steps:
step 1, during the first measurement, low voltage frequency sweep is carried out according to the maximum frequency range set by a sensor factory, and the first response frequency f1 is measured and stored in a memory.
And 2, during the second measurement, reducing the range of the sweep frequency window according to the installation position of the sensor and the application index.
And 3, performing frequency sweeping according to the current frequency sweeping window range by taking the primary frequency f1 as a median value.
And 4, judging whether the response frequency exists, if so, storing the measured frequency f2 into a memory and then executing the step 5, otherwise, expanding the sweep frequency window range and then returning to the step 3.
And 5, during subsequent measurement, performing weighted calculation according to the historical frequency data to obtain a further reduced sweep frequency window range.
And 6, taking the measurement result of the previous time as a median value, and carrying out frequency sweeping according to the current frequency sweeping window range.
And 7, judging whether response frequency exists, if so, executing the step 8, otherwise, expanding the range of the scanning window and returning to the step 6.
And 8, storing the measurement result into a memory, judging whether the measurement result reaches the specified precision, finishing the measurement if the measurement result reaches the specified precision, and returning to the step 5 if the measurement result does not reach the specified precision.
In step 5, a sweep frequency window is obtained by performing weighted calculation on the fluctuation condition of recent historical sweep frequency data, the weighted factor of the weighted calculation is the difference value of two historical adjacent sweep frequency data, the weight of each difference value is determined by the time length from the current time, the historical data fluctuation of nearly 10 times is taken as a calculation factor, and the weights of the historical data fluctuation are 10,9,8 … from near to far respectively. During specific calculation, the size calculation formula of the sweep frequency window is as follows:
wherein Δ f n Is the difference of the adjacent data of each history, x n Is the weight of each difference, decreasing from 10 to 1 as the distance time increases. According to the formula, the more the historical frequency sweeping data participating in the calculation, the better the determined window is, and the higher the frequency sweeping efficiency is.
In step 4 and step 6, the method for expanding the scanning window range includes an upward backtracking method and an original resetting method.
The specific process of the upward backtracking method comprises the following steps: the measurement result of the previous time is the median value, and the frequency sweeping window is expanded to the window used by the previous frequency sweeping for frequency sweeping; after the sweep frequency window is enlarged, the response frequency is not obtained, and the sweep frequency window continues to trace back upwards until the response frequency appears in the sweep frequency window; and expanding the frequency sweep window range to a frequency sweep window with the occurrence of response frequency.
The specific process of the original resetting method is as follows: when vibration with enough strength does not occur in the current sweep frequency window, the current window is considered to be too small, the last result is still the median value, and the sweep frequency window is expanded to a window used for the first measurement at one time, namely the size of the window determined by the factory characteristics of the sensor.
In the subsequent frequency sweep measurement, the result of the last time is taken as the median value in each measurement, the approximate frequency range can be rapidly determined, the defects that the traditional frequency sweep measurement is slow in positioning and needs slow in measurement speed are overcome, meanwhile, the frequency sweep window of each frequency sweep is influenced by the recent measurement result, the fluctuation of the historical result can be fed back to the size of the window, during actual measurement, more and more historical data exist, the frequency sweep window is smaller and smaller, and under the condition that the sampling frequency of each frequency sweep is certain, the frequency sweep precision of each frequency sweep is higher than that of the previous frequency sweep. Has the characteristics of high precision and high efficiency.
By adopting the measuring method, when the vibration frequency which meets the requirement does not exist in the sweep frequency range, the sweep frequency range can be expanded by adopting an upward backtracking method and an original resetting method, and the upward backtracking method and the original resetting method have various application scenes, so that the measuring reliability of the method is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a frequency measurement method of a vibrating wire sensor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is a frequency measuring method of a vibrating wire sensor, comprising the following steps:
and S01, during the first measurement, carrying out low-voltage frequency sweep according to the maximum frequency range set by the factory of the sensor, measuring the first response frequency f1 and storing the first response frequency f1 in a memory.
And S02, in the second measurement, narrowing the sweep frequency window range according to the installation position of the sensor and the application index.
And S03, frequency sweeping is carried out according to the current frequency sweeping window range by taking the primary frequency f1 as a median value.
And S04, judging whether response frequency exists, if so, executing the step 5, otherwise, expanding the sweep frequency window range and returning to S03.
And S05, storing the measured frequency f2 into a memory.
And S06, during subsequent measurement, performing weighted calculation according to historical frequency data to obtain a further reduced sweep frequency window range.
And S07, taking the measurement result of the previous time as a median value, and carrying out frequency sweeping according to the current frequency sweeping window range.
And S08, judging whether response frequency exists, if so, executing the step 9, otherwise, expanding the range of the scanning window and returning to S07.
And S09, storing the measurement result into a memory, judging whether the measurement result reaches the specified precision, executing S10 if the measurement result reaches the specified precision, and otherwise, returning to execute S06.
And S10, finishing measurement.
In the following, a vibrating wire displacement gauge manufactured by Hua Yanyu stress sensor ltd, which is numbered 101, 50mm in specification, 628.7 ohm in resistance, and 18m in wire length, will be used as an example. As can be seen from the factory line diagram, the normal frequency range is about 1500HZ-2500HZ.
First, the sensor was installed in the field acquisition system and pressure was applied to the sensor to displace it by 20mm, the theoretical frequency being 1876HZ. When the acquisition system works, the first measurement is started, the coil is excited by adopting low-voltage frequency sweep, the frequency sweep range is 1500HZ-2500HZ, the frequency sweep frequency is 20 times, the stepping value is 50HZ, and namely the sensor coil is sequentially excited by using low-voltage signals with the frequency of 1500,1550,1600 … 2500HZ and the like. The exciting coil of the single coil sensor is the vibration pickup coil, and the vibration pickup coil measures that when the sweep frequency voltage is 1850HZ, the resonance amplitude is maximum, and the resonance electromotive force intensity is greater than the minimum intensity, so the first measurement frequency result is 1850HZ, and f1=1850HZ.
Then, the embedded controller in the system accesses the obtained f1 to the memory of the system;
the second time the frequency is measured, the controller reads the historical data in memory, f1=1850HZ. At this time, the median value of the frequency sweep of the second frequency sweep measurement is the result of the previous time, namely the median value is equal to f1, the size of the frequency sweep window is determined by the installation position of the sensor, the actual displacement range can be known to be 0-50mm from the installation position, namely the frequency fluctuation range can not exceed 100HZ. Therefore, the size of the sweep frequency window is 200Hz, the system sweeps 20 times in the 1750Hz-1950Hz range, the stepping value is 10Hz, namely the sensor coil is sequentially excited by low-voltage signals with the frequency of 1750, 1760, 1770 … 1950 and the like, the maximum resonance frequency is 1880Hz, and the intensity of resonance electromotive force at the frequency is confirmed to be larger than the minimum intensity, so f2=1880Hz, and f2 is stored in a memory.
Then, a third measurement is performed, the controller takes historical data in the memory, f1=1850hz, and f2=1880hz, at this time, the median value of the low-voltage frequency sweep is the last frequency sweep result, namely 1880HZ, the frequency sweep window is obtained by weighting calculation of the historical fluctuation result, f2-f1=30HZ, the historical fluctuation is once 30HZ, and the weight is 10, so that after the weighting calculation, the window size is 2 (30 × 10)/10 =60hz, and the frequency of the frequency sweep is 1850HZ to 1910 HZ. The frequency of the sweep is still 20 times, the step value is 3HZ, namely the sensor coil is sequentially excited by using a low-voltage signal with the frequency of 1850,1853,1856,1859 … 1910 and the like, the maximum resonance frequency is 1877HZ, therefore, f3=1877HZ, and f3 is stored in a memory.
In the next measurement, as in the above method, the historical data f1, f2, f3 are obtained, the median value of the frequency sweep is f3=1877HZ, the historical fluctuation value is f3-f2=3HZ, the weight is 10, f2-f1=30HZ, and the weight is 9, so that after the weighting calculation, the window size is 2 × (30 × 9 × 10)/19 =31.5hz, the frequency sweep range is 1861.22HZ to 1892.78HZ, and the step value is 1.575HZ, so that the more accurate f4=1875.4HZ can be obtained, and f4 is stored in the memory.
Therefore, with the increase of historical data, the size of the sweep frequency window is smaller and smaller, under the condition that the frequency sweeping times are not changed, the measurement precision is higher and higher, the errors of the theoretical values of the four measurements from the theoretical value 1876HZ are 26HZ,4HZ,1HZ and 0.6HZ respectively, the errors are smaller and smaller, and when the historical data reaches or is larger than 10 terms which are agreed to participate in weighting calculation, the errors can be basically eliminated, and the accurate 1876HZ is reached.
At this point we varied the pressure so that the displacement was 22mm, at which point the target frequency theory was 1905HZ. At this time, when the measurement is continued, the median value of the frequency sweep is the last result 1875.4HZ, the frequency sweep range is obtained by weighting and calculating historical data, and it is found that all frequencies do not make the steel string resonate in the range, namely, the generated resonant electromotive force is smaller than the minimum intensity. Therefore, the sweep range is expanded by the upward backtracking method or the original reset method.
Upward backtracking method: the median value of the sweep frequency is 1875.4HZ of the last result, the sweep frequency window is firstly expanded to be 31.5HZ of the last sweep frequency window, all frequencies in the frequency range are found not to cause steel string resonance, the upward backtracking is continued at the moment, the size of the sweep frequency window is 60HZ, and the resonance meeting the requirement is generated in the frequency range, namely the target frequency is 1905.4HZ is successfully found and stored in a memory. The operation thereafter returns to S07 of the present method.
Original reset method: the median value of the frequency sweep is 1875.4HZ of the last time, the frequency sweep window is directly expanded to be 1500-2500HZ of the first time, the target frequency 1900.4HZ is successfully found, and the target frequency is stored in a memory. The operation thereafter returns to S07 of the present method.
It can be seen from the above actual measurement results that the results of the multiple measurements performed by the method of the present invention are from 1850HZ to 1880HZ to 1877HZ and then to 1875.4HZ, the accuracy is higher once than once, the time for frequency sweeping is always controlled to be 20 times, the time consumption is always short, and the frequency sweeping range is expanded by the upward backtracking method and the original resetting method only when the measurement result has a large sudden change beyond the window range, so the overall accuracy is always high.
In summary, the dynamic window frequency sweep measurement method using the historical data as the median value provided by the invention uses the embedded controller to judge the adopted frequency sweep median value at each time frequency sweep, and dynamically calculates the window range of each frequency sweep, thereby realizing the requirements of high precision, high efficiency and low loss. The invention introduces an external memory to store historical measurement results, and the controller can self-define the historical data range and the data weight participating in the frequency sweep window calculation by analyzing the duration measurement results, thereby having great autonomy and elasticity, being suitable for the requirements of different practical projects and realizing high-precision frequency sweep in a short time. Meanwhile, considering the emergency situation, when the frequency sweep fails, a set of backtracking or resetting strategy is provided, the strategy ensures the success of frequency sweep every time, and the stability of the method is improved.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A frequency measurement method of a vibrating wire sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, during the first measurement, low voltage frequency sweep is carried out according to the maximum frequency range set by a sensor from a factory, and the first response frequency f1 is measured and stored in a memory;
step 2, during the second measurement, reducing the range of the sweep frequency window according to the installation position of the sensor and the application index;
step 3, frequency sweeping is carried out according to the current frequency sweeping window range by taking the primary frequency f1 as a median value;
step 4, judging whether response frequency exists, if so, storing the measured frequency f2 into a memory and then executing step 5, otherwise, expanding the range of the sweep frequency window and then returning to step 3;
step 5, during subsequent measurement, performing weighted calculation according to historical frequency data to obtain a further reduced sweep frequency window range;
step 6, taking the measurement result of the previous time as a median value, and carrying out frequency sweeping according to the current frequency sweeping window range;
step 7, judging whether response frequency exists, if so, executing step 8, otherwise, expanding the range of the scanning window and returning to step 6;
and 8, storing the measurement result into a memory, judging whether the measurement result reaches the specified precision, finishing the measurement if the measurement result reaches the specified precision, and returning to execute the step 5 if the measurement result does not reach the specified precision.
2. The method for measuring frequency of a vibrating wire sensor according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the method for expanding the scanning window range is an upward backtracking method or an original resetting method.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the weighting calculation formula is:
wherein Δ f n Is the difference of the adjacent data of each history, x n Is the weight of each difference, decreasing from 10 to 1 as the distance time increases.
4. The method for measuring frequency of a vibrating wire sensor according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the method for expanding the scanning window range is an upward backtracking method or an original resetting method.
5. The method for measuring the frequency of the vibrating wire sensor according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the specific process of the upward backtracking method is as follows: the measurement result of the previous time is the median value, and the frequency sweeping window is expanded to the window used by the previous frequency sweeping for frequency sweeping; after the sweep frequency window is enlarged, the response frequency is not obtained, and the sweep frequency window continues to trace back upwards until the response frequency appears in the sweep frequency window; the sweep window range is expanded to a sweep window where response frequencies occur.
6. The method for measuring the frequency of a vibrating wire sensor according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the original resetting method comprises the following specific steps: the sweep frequency window range is expanded to a window used for the first measurement at one time.
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| CN109506716A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-22 | 岩联(武汉)科技有限公司 | A kind of type vibration wire acquisition terminal and its excitation frequency range acquisition method |
| CN112986391A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-18 | 北京龙鼎源科技股份有限公司 | Excitation frequency determination method and device |
| CN113899444A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-07 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Resonance frequency measurement method of vibrating wire sensor based on Hanning double windows |
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| CN114526810A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-24 | 福建省永正工程质量检测有限公司 | Frequency measurement method of vibrating wire type sensor |
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| CN113899388B (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-05-20 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Self-adaptive data acquisition method for vibrating wire sensor |
| CN114526810A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-24 | 福建省永正工程质量检测有限公司 | Frequency measurement method of vibrating wire type sensor |
| CN114485735A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Self-adaptive sweep frequency excitation string type wireless sensor |
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