CN114480365B - 一种高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花及其制备方法与其在降解食用油中真菌毒素的应用 - Google Patents
一种高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花及其制备方法与其在降解食用油中真菌毒素的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114480365B CN114480365B CN202210057297.XA CN202210057297A CN114480365B CN 114480365 B CN114480365 B CN 114480365B CN 202210057297 A CN202210057297 A CN 202210057297A CN 114480365 B CN114480365 B CN 114480365B
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- 239000002057 nanoflower Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 231100000678 Mycotoxin Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002636 mycotoxin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
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- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- OQIQSTLJSLGHID-WNWIJWBNSA-N aflatoxin B1 Chemical compound C=1([C@@H]2C=CO[C@@H]2OC=1C=C(C1=2)OC)C=2OC(=O)C2=C1CCC2=O OQIQSTLJSLGHID-WNWIJWBNSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- MBMQEIFVQACCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Zearalenon Natural products O=C1OC(C)CCCC(=O)CCCC=CC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C21 MBMQEIFVQACCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 108010029541 Laccase Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- MBMQEIFVQACCCH-QBODLPLBSA-N zearalenone Chemical compound O=C1O[C@@H](C)CCCC(=O)CCC\C=C\C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C21 MBMQEIFVQACCCH-QBODLPLBSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002262 Schiff base Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004753 Schiff bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanoborohydride Chemical compound [Na+].[B-]C#N BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
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- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);diphosphate Chemical compound [Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydron;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高分子‑酶‑无机杂化纳米花及其制备方法与其在降解食用油中真菌毒素的应用,属于生物技术领域。该高分子‑酶‑无机杂化纳米花是利用酶为模板通过共沉淀的方法诱导无机晶体自组装复合成花状固定化酶催化剂,最后通过表面修饰双亲性高分子化合物形成。经过双亲性高分子化合物修饰的酶‑无机杂化纳米花,大大增加了其在油‑水两相反应介质中的分散性,具有良好的酶催化活性和稳定性,其在食用油中通过界面催化高效降解真菌毒素,并具有良好的重复使用性能。本发明提供的高分子‑酶‑无机杂化纳米花适用性广,制备方法简便,易于工业化,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花及其制备方法与其在降解食用油中真菌毒素的应用。
背景技术
利用共沉淀法将酶包埋在无机晶体中制备具有花状结构的酶-无机杂化纳米花。由于纳米花瓣的高比表面积和无机晶体的限域结构,酶-无机杂化纳米花的酶催化活性和稳定性与天然酶相比明显增强,是一种重要的固定化酶催化剂。如Ge等向含有漆酶的磷酸盐缓冲液中加入硫酸铜溶液,制备出具有花状结构的漆酶-磷酸铜晶体复合物,该固定化酶催化剂在水溶液中活性为天然酶的5-7倍(J.Ge,J.Lei,R.N.Zare,Nat.Nanotechnol.7,428-432.(2012))。然而,酶-无机杂化纳米花在有机溶剂中分散性差、活性低,目前其反应条件大多数为水溶液,限制了其在工业生产中的应用。如何制备在有机溶剂或有机-水两相体系中能够进行高效催化反应的酶-无机杂化纳米花,至今仍是一个挑战。
提高酶催化剂在有机溶剂中的催化性能的一个可行的方案是对酶催化剂表面进行化学修饰。专利申请CN103451174A公开了一种酶-高分子结合物及其制备方法与应用,该结合物能在常见有机溶剂中形成纳米级分散,有机催化活性比等当量的天然酶高出1-2个数量级。
真菌毒素是一类由产毒真菌在适宜温度、湿度条件下产生的一类小分子次级代谢产物,目前已知的真菌毒素约有400种。研究表明,大多数真菌毒素可通过抑制动物体蛋白质和相关酶的合成,破坏细胞结构,损害动物体肝脏、肾脏、神经、造血等组织器宫,具有致癌、致畸、致突变作用,对人和动物的生存与健康也造成重大威胁。我国是粮油作物的生产和消费大国,2018年的粮食产量约为全球产量的24%。由于气候条件、收获加工或储藏不当等自然和人工因素,小麦、玉米、花生等各种谷物及油料作物极易受到真菌毒素污染,真菌毒素残留是食用油安全的一个重要问题。长期摄入真菌毒素超标的食物和饲料对人和动物具有严重的急慢性毒害作用。因此发展高效的真菌毒素脱毒方法,对保障粮油产品的食用安全和消费者的健康、减少经济损失具有重要意义。酶催化具有高效、高立体选择性、反应条件温和等特点。利用酶作为生物催化剂降解真菌毒素,产物毒性明显降低甚至无毒,是一种重要的真菌毒素降解方法。据文献(Toxins,2020,12(8):476)报道,Zhimin Zhou等利用白腐真菌Cerrena unicolor 6884产生的漆酶将AFB1降解为急性毒性和致突变性较低的黄曲霉毒素Q1(AFQ1),其对虹鳟的毒性仅为AFB1的1%。专利申请CN111394333A公开了一种赭曲霉毒素解毒酶及其编码基因;专利申请CN200410051120.0公开了一种具有转化黄曲霉毒素活性的解毒酶及编码该酶的基因;专利申请CN107099521A公开了一种耐酸性玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶及其编码基因。这些特异性的生物酶可以有效降解各种真菌毒素,且经处理后的产物毒性大大降低甚至无毒。
目前利用酶脱除食用油中真菌毒素在实践应用中仍有很大的限制,主要原因有酶价格昂贵、稳定性差、难以回收再利用,且酶或固定化酶制剂在油中分散性差和极易失活。因此,开发一种在油相中具有高分散性、高催化活性和稳定性的酶催化剂,在食品安全领域具有很好的应用前景。
发明内容
为解决酶-无机杂化纳米花在有机溶剂中分散性差、活性低的问题,本发明提供了一种高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花及其制备方法,利用酶为模板通过共沉淀的方法诱导无机晶体自组装复合成花状固定化酶催化剂,最后通过表面修饰双亲性高分子化合物形成。该方法制备的固定化酶催化剂不仅具有传统酶-无机杂化纳米花的优势,同时可以稳定的分散于油-水界面且具有高活性和稳定性。高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花能够高效降解食用油中真菌毒素,可重复使用且对食品品质影响小,在食品安全、精细化学品合成等领域具有很好的应用前景。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明第一方面提供了一种高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的制备方法,该方法以生物酶为有机组分,以无机晶体(金属磷酸盐结晶层状化合物)为无机载体,利用酶为模板通过共沉淀的方法诱导无机晶体经结晶自组装复合成花状固定化酶催化剂,最后表面修饰双亲性高分子化合物。
进一步地,所述金属磷酸盐结晶为磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸钴、磷酸铁、磷酸铜、磷酸镁、磷酸锰、磷酸锌中的至少一种。
更进一步地,所述金属磷酸盐结晶中的金属来源于氯化钙、氯化铜、氯化镁、氯化锰、氯化锌、硫酸钙、硫酸铜、硫酸镁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、硝酸钙、硝酸铜、硝酸镁、硝酸锰、硝酸锌中的至少一种;磷酸根来源于磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述生物酶为漆酶、辣根过氧化物酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶、玉米赤酶烯酮解毒酶、赭曲霉毒素解毒酶中的至少一种。
上述制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)合成酶-无机杂化纳米花:在含有酶的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中加入二价金属离子盐溶液,经自组装结晶合成;
(2)酶-无机杂化纳米花表面修饰双亲性高分子化合物:将酶-无机杂化纳米花加入含有蛋白质介体的水溶液中,搅拌反应,蛋白质介体通过物理吸附结合在酶-无机杂化纳米花表面,利用蛋白质介体表面氨基进一步与双亲性高分子化合物的端醛基通过希夫碱反应后,加还原剂,还原反应后,得到高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)合成条件为0-37℃,静置反应4-48h。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH为5-9,浓度为5-25mM。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中酶溶液的浓度为0.01-0.5mg/mL。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中二价金属离子盐溶液浓度为50-250mM,添加量为酶溶液的1%-5%。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中合成反应结束后通过离心、洗涤、真空冻干获得酶-无机杂化纳米花催化剂,离心转速为1000-6000rpm,离心时间为2-10min。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中的蛋白质介体为刀豆蛋白A、牛血清白蛋白、卵清蛋白溶液中的至少一种。
更进一步地,所述蛋白质介体在溶液中的质量分数为0.01%-0.1%。
更进一步地,所述步骤(2)中酶-无机杂化纳米花与介体的质量比为100∶1-100∶10。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中酶-无机杂化纳米花与蛋白质介体二者吸附反应时间为2-10h。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中双亲性高分子化合物为含有端醛基的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯的聚醚类嵌段共聚物,具体为F-127、/>F-68、/>P-123、/>L-81和/>L-31中的至少一种。
更进一步地,所述步骤(2)中双亲性高分子化合物在溶液中的质量分数为0.01%-0.1%。花状固定化酶-介体与双亲性高分子化合物的质量比为1000∶1-100∶1。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中酶-无机杂化纳米花与介体蛋白的结合物与高分子化合物进行席夫碱反应时间为0.5-4h。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中的还原剂为硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠中的至少一种,还原反应时间为10-24h。
更进一步地,还原剂与双亲性高分子化合物的质量比为1∶10-1∶100。
本发明第二方面提供了上述方法制备的高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花。
本发明第三方面提供了上述高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的应用,其用于降解食用油中真菌毒素,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)解毒处理:取真菌毒素污染的食用油,加入上述制备的高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花水溶液,搅拌反应。
(2)高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花重复使用:离心分离,得到不含真菌毒素的食用油,催化剂沉淀经洗涤、干燥后重复使用;
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中的食用油为花生油、玉米油、大豆油、葵花籽油中的至少一种。所述真菌毒素为黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马毒素B1中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花水溶液的浓度为0.1-10%。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中真菌毒素污染食用油与高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花水溶液的质量比为5∶1-1∶1。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)解毒处理中反应温度为20-45℃,搅拌转速为100-300rpm,搅拌时间为4-24h。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中离心转速为1000-6000rpm,离心时间为2-10min。
本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明的高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花催化剂在有机相或有机-水两相体系中实现高分散,且具有高比表面积、高活性和稳定性,能够高效催化有机相或有机-水两相体系的反应,可多次重复使用。
(2)本发明的高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花催化剂制备方法简便,能够高效降解食用油中真菌毒素,在食品安全、精细化学品合成等领域具有很好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的合成示意图。
图2为实施例1所制备的漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花的漆酶装载效率和酶活性保留率图。
图3为实施例1所制备的漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花的扫描电镜图。
图4为实施例2所制备的葡萄糖氧化酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花的扫描电镜图。
图5为漆酶,漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花与高分子-漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花用于脱除食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1的效率比较。
图6为高分子-漆酶-硫酸铜杂化纳米花降解花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1的动力学曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的合成路线如图1所示,以生物酶为有机组分,以无机晶体(金属磷酸盐结晶层状化合物)为无机载体,利用酶为模板通过共沉淀的方法诱导无机晶体经结晶自组装复合成花状固定化酶催化剂,最后表面修饰双亲性高分子化合物。
实施例1高分子-漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花催化剂的制备
酶为漆酶(来源于杂色曲霉,酶活为0.5U/mg),二价金属离子来自硫酸铜溶液,浓度为200mM,磷酸根离子来自磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液,浓度为10mM。
将漆酶溶解于在pH为7.5的10mM磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液中,漆酶溶液溶度梯度设置为0.01-0.5mg/mL,加入体系体积3%的200mM硫酸铜溶液,混匀后4℃静置反应24h,之后通过离心洗涤,真空干燥得到漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花催化剂。随着初始漆酶浓度的降低,漆酶装载效率逐渐提高。漆酶装载效率和酶活性保留率与漆酶浓度关系如图2所示。
漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花以重量计为1000份,蛋白介体为刀豆蛋白A,以重量计为100份,高分子化合物Pluronic F-127以重量计为10份,还原剂氰基硼化钠以重量计为1份。
步骤(1):将上述配比的漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花和刀豆蛋白A溶解在PBS缓冲液中,其中刀豆蛋白A在溶液中的质量分数为0.1%,于37℃进行吸附反应2h,在漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花表面物理吸附结合一层介体蛋白。
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得到的漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花和介体蛋白的结合物重悬于质量分数为0.1%的高分子化合物Pluronic F-127磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液中,在室温下磁力搅拌2h(席夫碱反应)后,加入上述质量的还原剂氰基硼氢化钠,进一步还原亚胺(席夫碱)成胺,该还原反应持续24h。经离心、洗涤除去未反应的高分子化合物和还原剂,冻干后得到高分子化合物-漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花催化剂干粉。
本实施例制备的高分子化合物-漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花扫描电镜图如图3所示。
实施例2高分子-葡萄糖氧化酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂的制备
酶为葡萄糖氧化酶(来源于黑曲霉),二价金属离子来自氯化钙,浓度为50mM,磷酸根离子来自磷酸氢二钾-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液,浓度为15mM。
将葡萄糖氧化酶溶解于在pH为7.0的15mM磷酸氢二钾-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液中至酶浓度为0.125mg/mL,加入体系体积5%的50mM氯化钙溶液,混匀后37℃静置反应4h,之后通过离心洗涤,真空干燥得到葡萄糖氧化酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂。
葡萄糖氧化酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂(含葡萄糖氧化酶约5%)以重量计为1000份,介体为牛血清白蛋白,以重量计为10份,高分子化合物Pluronic F-127以重量计为1份,还原剂氰基硼化钠以重量计为0.1份。
步骤(1):将上述配比的葡萄糖氧化酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花和牛血清白蛋白溶解在PBS缓冲液中,其中牛血清白蛋白在溶液中的质量分数为0.01%,在室温下进行吸附反应10h,在葡萄糖氧化酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花表面吸附一层介体蛋白。
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得到的葡萄糖氧化酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花和介体蛋白的结合物重悬于质量分数为0.01%的高分子化合物Pluronic F-68磷酸氢二钾-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液中,在室温下磁力搅拌0.5h(席夫碱反应)后,加入上述质量的还原剂氰基硼氢化钠,进一步还原亚胺(席夫碱)成胺,该还原反应持续10h。经离心、洗涤除去未反应的高分子化合物和还原剂,冻干后得到高分子化合物-葡萄糖氧化酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂干粉。
本实施例制备的高分子化合物-葡萄糖氧化酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花扫描电镜图如图4所示。
实施例3高分子-黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂的制备。
酶为黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶,二价金属离子来自氯化钙,浓度为250mM,磷酸根离子来自磷酸氢二钾-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液,浓度为20mM。
将黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶溶解在pH为7.5的5mM磷酸氢二钾-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液中至浓度为0.5mg/mL,加入体系体积1%的250mM氯化钙溶液,混匀后25℃静置反应12h,之后通过离心洗涤,真空干燥得到黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂。
黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花以重量计为1000份,介体为刀豆蛋白A,以重量计为50份,高分子化合物Pluronic F-68以重量计为5份,还原剂氰基硼化钠以重量计为0.5份。
步骤(1):将上述配比的黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花和刀豆蛋白A溶解在PBS缓冲液中,其中刀豆蛋白A在溶液中的质量分数为0.05%,在室温下进行吸附反应5h,在黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花表面吸附一层介体分子。
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得到的黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花和介体蛋白的结合物重悬于质量分数为0.05%的高分子化合物Pluronic P-123的磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液中,在室温下磁力搅拌1h(席夫碱反应)后,加入上述质量的还原剂氰基硼氢化钠,进一步还原亚胺(席夫碱)成胺,该还原反应持续16h。经离心、洗涤除去未反应的高分子化合物和还原剂,冻干后得到高分子化合物-黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂干粉。
实施例4高分子-黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶&玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂的制备
酶为黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶和玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶,二价金属离子来自硫酸钙,浓度为250mM,磷酸根离子来自磷酸氢二钾-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液,浓度为10mM。
将黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶和玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶溶解于在pH为7.0的10mM磷酸氢二钾-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液中,两种蛋白浓度分别为0.125mg/mL,加入体系体积5%的250mM硫酸钙溶液,混匀后4℃静置反应36h,之后通过离心洗涤,真空干燥得到黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶&玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂。
黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶&玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂以重量计为1000份,介体为刀豆蛋白A,以重量计为80份,高分子化合物Pluronic F-127和PluronicF-68以重量计为8份,还原剂氰基硼化钠以重量计为1份。
步骤(1):将上述配比的黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶&玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花和刀豆蛋白A溶解在PBS缓冲液中,其中刀豆蛋白A在溶液中的质量分数为0.08%,在室温下进行吸附反应5h,在该杂化纳米花表面吸附一层介体分子。
步骤(2):将步骤(1)所得到的黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶&玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花和介体蛋白的结合物重悬于质量分数为1%的高分子化合物Pluronic F-127和Pluronic F-68混合物的磷酸氢二钾-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液中,在室温下磁力搅拌4h(席夫碱反应)后,加入上述质量的还原剂氰基硼氢化钠,进一步还原亚胺(席夫碱)成胺,该还原反应持续24h。经离心、洗涤除去未反应的高分子化合物和还原剂,冻干后得到高分子化合物-黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶&玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂干粉
实施例5高分子-漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花催化降解花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1。
具体步骤如下:首先将上述制备的高分子-漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花干粉重悬在超纯水中制成质量分数为10%的解毒剂,将该解毒剂以1∶1的质量比加入黄曲霉毒素B1超标的花生油中,于45℃搅拌反应24h后,离心上层为脱毒后的花生油,下层为水层,沉淀为高分子-漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花。将沉淀用超纯水洗涤2-3次后重悬于原体积的超纯水即可重复利用。
实施例6高分子-黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶&赤霉烯酮解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化降解玉米油中黄曲霉毒素B1和玉米赤霉烯酮。
具体步骤如下:首先将上述制备的高分子-黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶&玉米赤霉烯酮解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花干粉重悬在超纯水中制成质量分数为5%的解毒剂,将该解毒剂以1∶5的质量比加入AFB1和ZEN超标的玉米油中,于37℃搅拌反应6h,离心上层为脱毒后的花生油,下层为水层,沉淀为高分子-黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶&赤霉烯酮解毒酶-磷酸钙杂化纳米花催化剂。将沉淀用超纯水洗涤后重悬于原体积的超纯水即可重复利用。
对比例1(漆酶、传统酶-无机杂化纳米花降解食用油中真菌毒素,与实施例5相比,使用未修饰高分子化合物的漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花降解葵花籽油中黄曲霉毒素B1)
传统酶-无机杂化纳米花与高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的双亲性具有差异,在油水界面的分散能力存在差异,进而影响酶的催化效率。在本对比例中探讨酶-无机杂化纳米花表面的高分子化合物对酶在食用油中催化降解真菌毒素的影响。
具体步骤如下:首先将漆酶、实施例1中制备的未进行表面高分子化合物修饰的传统漆酶-磷酸铜杂化纳米花重悬在超纯水中制成与实施例5中解毒剂酶活性相同的解毒剂。分别将上述两种解毒剂以1∶1的质量比加入两份黄曲霉毒素B1超标的葵花籽油中,于45℃搅拌反应24h,离心上层为脱毒后的葵花籽油,下层为水层,沉淀为来两种催化剂,用超纯水洗涤后重悬于原体积的超纯水即可重复利用。经测定上述三组实验上层葵花籽油中黄曲霉毒素B1含量的差异,代表了催化剂在油水界面分布的差异和对毒素降解效率的差异,三组产品用于脱除食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1的效率比较如图5所示,实施例5中高分子-漆酶-硫酸铜杂化纳米花降解花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1的动力学曲线如图6所示,综合两组图可以明显看出,本发明制备的高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花能够高效降解食用油中真菌毒素。
上述详细说明是针对本发明其中之一可行实施例的具体说明,该实施例并非用以限制本发明的专利范围,凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更,均应包含于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)合成酶-无机杂化纳米花:在含有酶的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中加入二价金属离子盐溶液,诱导无机晶体经自组装结晶合成;
(2)酶-无机杂化纳米花表面修饰双亲性高分子化合物:将酶-无机杂化纳米花加入含有蛋白质介体的水溶液中,搅拌反应,蛋白质介体通过物理吸附结合在酶-无机杂化纳米花表面,利用蛋白质介体表面氨基进一步与双亲性高分子化合物的端醛基通过希夫碱反应后,加还原剂,还原反应后,得到高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花,
其中,步骤(1)中酶为漆酶、黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶、赤霉烯酮解毒酶中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中无机晶体为金属磷酸盐结晶,具体为磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸钴、磷酸铁、磷酸铜、磷酸镁、磷酸锰、磷酸锌的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属磷酸盐结晶中的金属来源于氯化钙、氯化铜、氯化镁、氯化锰、氯化锌、硫酸钙、硫酸铜、硫酸镁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、硝酸钙、硝酸铜、硝酸镁、硝酸锰、硝酸锌;
所述金属磷酸盐结晶中的磷酸根来源于磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中蛋白质介体为刀豆蛋白A、牛血清白蛋白、卵清蛋白中的至少一种;所述双亲性高分子化合物为含有端醛基的聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯的聚醚类嵌段共聚物,具体选自F-127、F-68、P-123、L-81和L-31中的至少一种;所述还原剂为硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1至4任一项所述方法制备的高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花。
6.如权利要求5所述的高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花的应用,其特征在于:所述高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花应用于降解食用油中的真菌毒素,当酶为漆酶时,所述真菌毒素为黄曲霉毒素B1;当酶为黄曲霉毒素B1解毒酶时,所述真菌毒素为黄曲霉毒素B1;当酶为赤霉烯酮解毒酶时,所述真菌毒素为玉米赤霉烯酮。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述应用包括以下步骤:
(1)解毒处理:取真菌毒素污染的食用油,加入上述制备的高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花水溶液,搅拌反应;
(2)高分子-酶-无机杂化纳米花重复使用:离心分离,得到不含真菌毒素的食用油,催化剂沉淀经洗涤、干燥后重复使用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述食用油为花生油、玉米油、大豆油、菜籽油、葵花籽油中的至少一种。
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